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				16	<meta name="Description" content="ImageMagick® is a software suite to create, edit, and compose bitmap images. It can read, convert and write images in a variety of formats (about 100) including GIF, JPEG, JPEG-2000, PNG, PDF, PhotoCD, TIFF, and DPX. Use ImageMagick to translate, flip, mirror, rotate, scale, shear and transform images, adjust image colors, apply various special effects, or draw text, lines, polygons, ellipses and Bézier curves. ImageMagick is free software delivered as a ready-to-run binary distribution or as source code that you can freely use, copy, modify, and distribute. Its license is compatible with the GPL. It runs on all major operating systems. The functionality of ImageMagick is typically utilized from the command line or you can use the features from programs written in your favorite programming language. Choose from these interfaces: MagickCore (C), MagickWand (C), ChMagick (Ch), Magick++ (C++), JMagick (Java), L-Magick (Lisp), PascalMagick (Pascal), PerlMagick (Perl), MagickWand for PHP (PHP), PythonMagick (Python), RMagick (Ruby), or TclMagick (Tcl/TK). With a language interface, use ImageMagick to modify or create images automagically and dynamically."/>
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</span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#coalesce">‑coalesce</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#colorize">‑colorize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#colormap">‑colormap</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#color-matrix">‑color‑matrix</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#colors">‑colors</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#colorspace">‑colorspace</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#combine">‑combine</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#comment">‑comment</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#compose">‑compose</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#composite">‑composite</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#compress">‑compress</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#contrast">‑contrast</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch">‑contrast‑stretch</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#convolve">‑convolve</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#crop">‑crop</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#cycle">‑cycle</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#debug">‑debug</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#decipher">‑decipher</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#deconstruct">‑deconstruct</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#define">‑define</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#delay">‑delay</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#delete">‑delete</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#density">‑density</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#depth">‑depth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#descend">‑descend</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#deskew">‑deskew</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#despeckle">‑despeckle</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#direction">‑direction</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#displace">‑displace</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#display">‑display</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#dispose">‑dispose</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#dissimilarity-threshold">‑dissimilarity‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#dissolve">‑dissolve</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#distort">‑distort</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#dither">‑dither</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#draw">‑draw</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#edge">‑edge</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#emboss">‑emboss</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#encipher">‑encipher</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#encoding">‑encoding</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#endian">‑endian</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#enhance">‑enhance</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#equalize">‑equalize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#evaluate">‑evaluate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#evaluate-sequence">‑evaluate‑sequence</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#extent">‑extent</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#extract">‑extract</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#family">‑family</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#features">‑features</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#fft">‑fft</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#fill">‑fill</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#filter">‑filter</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#flatten">‑flatten</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#flip">‑flip</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#floodfill">‑floodfill</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#flop">‑flop</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#font">‑font</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#foreground">‑foreground</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#format">‑format</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#format_identify_">‑format[identify]</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#frame">‑frame</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#frame_import_">‑frame[import]</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#function">‑function</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#fuzz">‑fuzz</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#fx">‑fx</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#gamma">‑gamma</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#gaussian-blur">‑gaussian‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#geometry">‑geometry</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#gravity">‑gravity</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#green-primary">‑green‑primary</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#hald-clut">‑hald‑clut</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#help">‑help</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#highlight-color">‑highlight‑color</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#iconGeometry">‑iconGeometry</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#iconic">‑iconic</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#identify">‑identify</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#ift">‑ift</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#immutable">‑immutable</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#implode">‑implode</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#insert">‑insert</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#intent">‑intent</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#interlace">‑interlace</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#interpolate">‑interpolate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#interline-spacing">‑interline‑spacing</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#interword-spacing">‑interword‑spacing</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#kerning">‑kerning</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#label">‑label</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#lat">‑lat</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#layers">‑layers</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#level">‑level</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#level-colors">‑level‑colors</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#limit">‑limit</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#linear-stretch">‑linear‑stretch</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#linewidth">‑linewidth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#liquid-rescale">‑liquid‑rescale</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#list">‑list</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#log">‑log</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#loop">‑loop</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#lowlight-color">‑lowlight‑color</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#magnify">‑magnify</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#map">‑map</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#map_stream_">‑map[stream]</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#mask">‑mask</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#mattecolor">‑mattecolor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#median">‑median</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#metric">‑metric</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#mode">‑mode</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#modulate">‑modulate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#monitor">‑monitor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#monochrome">‑monochrome</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#morph">‑morph</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#morphology">‑morphology</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#mosaic">‑mosaic</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#motion-blur">‑motion‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#name">‑name</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#negate">‑negate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#noise">‑noise</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#normalize">‑normalize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#opaque">‑opaque</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#ordered-dither">‑ordered‑dither</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#orient">‑orient</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#page">‑page</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#paint">‑paint</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#path">‑path</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#pause_animate_">‑pause[animate]</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#pause_import_">‑pause[import]</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#pen">‑pen</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#ping">‑ping</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#pointsize">‑pointsize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#polaroid">‑polaroid</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#posterize">‑posterize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#precision">‑precision</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#preview">‑preview</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#print">‑print</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#process">‑process</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#profile">‑profile</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#quality">‑quality</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#quantize">‑quantize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#quiet">‑quiet</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#radial-blur">‑radial‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#raise">‑raise</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#random-threshold">‑random‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#red-primary">‑red‑primary</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#regard-warnings">‑regard‑warnings</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#region">‑region</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#remap">‑remap</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#remote">‑remote</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#render">‑render</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#repage">‑repage</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#resample">‑resample</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#resize">‑resize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#respect-parentheses">‑respect‑parentheses</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#reverse">‑reverse</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#roll">‑roll</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#rotate">‑rotate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sample">‑sample</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sampling-factor">‑sampling‑factor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#scale">‑scale</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#scene">‑scene</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#screen">‑screen</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#seed">‑seed</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#segment">‑segment</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#selective-blur">‑selective‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#separate">‑separate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sepia-tone">‑sepia‑tone</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#set">‑set</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#shade">‑shade</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#shadow">‑shadow</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#shared-memory">‑shared‑memory</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sharpen">‑sharpen</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#shave">‑shave</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#shear">‑shear</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sigmoidal-contrast">‑sigmoidal‑contrast</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#silent">‑silent</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#size">‑size</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sketch">‑sketch</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#snaps">‑snaps</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#solarize">‑solarize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sparse-color">‑sparse‑color</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#splice">‑splice</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#spread">‑spread</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#stegano">‑stegano</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#stereo">‑stereo</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#stretch">‑stretch</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#strip">‑strip</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#stroke">‑stroke</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#strokewidth">‑strokewidth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#style">‑style</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#subimage-search">‑subimage‑search</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#swap">‑swap</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#swirl">‑swirl</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#taint">‑taint</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#text-font">‑text‑font</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#texture">‑texture</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#thumbnail">‑thumbnail</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#tile">‑tile</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#tile-offset">‑tile‑offset</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#tint">‑tint</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#title">‑title</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transform">‑transform</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transparent">‑transparent</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transparent-color">‑transparent‑color</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transpose">‑transpose</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transverse">‑transverse</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#treedepth">‑treedepth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#trim">‑trim</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#type">‑type</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#undercolor">‑undercolor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#unique-colors">‑unique‑colors</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#units">‑units</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#unsharp">‑unsharp</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#update">‑update</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#verbose">‑verbose</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#version">‑version</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#view">‑view</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#vignette">‑vignette</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">‑virtual‑pixel</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#visual">‑visual</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#watermark">‑watermark</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#wave">‑wave</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#weight">‑weight</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#white-point">‑white‑point</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#white-threshold">‑white‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#window">‑window</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#window-group">‑window‑group</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#write">‑write</a> ] </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	179
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	180	<p>Below is list of command-line options recognized by the ImageMagick <a
				181	href="../www/command-line-tools.html">command-line
				182	tools</a>. If you want a description of a particular option, click on the
				183	option name in the navigation bar above and you will go right to it. Unless
cristy	a890294	2010-07-30 00:49:52 +0000	[diff] [blame]	184	otherwise noted, each option is recognized by the commands <a href="../www/convert.html">convert</a>, <a href="../www/mogrify.html">mogrify</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	185
				186	<div style="margin: auto;">
				187	<h4><a name="adaptive-blur" id="adaptive-blur"></a>-adaptive-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>[x<em class="arg">sigma</em>]</h4>
				188	</div>
				189
				190	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adaptively blur pixels, with decreasing effect near edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	2c83960	2010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000	[diff] [blame]	191	"direction",
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	192	<p>A Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (<em class="arg">sigma</em>) is used. If <em class="arg">sigma</em> is not given it defaults to 1.</p>
				193
				194	<div style="margin: auto;">
				195	<h4><a name="adaptive-resize" id="adaptive-resize"></a>-adaptive-resize <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				196	</div>
				197
				198	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Resize the image using data-dependent triangulation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				199
				200	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <a href="#adaptive-resize">-adaptive-resize</a> option defaults to data-dependent triangulation. Use the <a href="#filter">-filter</a> to choose a different resampling algorithm. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are ignored, and the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
				201
				202	<div style="margin: auto;">
				203	<h4><a name="adaptive-sharpen" id="adaptive-sharpen"></a>-adaptive-sharpen <em class="arg">radius</em>[x<em class="arg">sigma</em>]</h4>
				204	</div>
				205
				206	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adaptively sharpen pixels, with increasing effect near edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				207
				208	<p>A Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (<em class="arg">sigma</em>) is used. If <em class="arg">sigma</em> is not given it defaults to 1.</p>
				209
				210	<div style="margin: auto;">
				211	<h4><a name="adjoin" id="adjoin"></a>-adjoin</h4>
				212	</div>
				213
				214	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Join images into a single multi-image file.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				215
				216	<p>This option is enabled by default. An attempt is made to save all
				217	images of an image sequence into the given output file.
				218	However, some formats, such as JPEG and PNG, do not support more than one
				219	image per file, and in that case ImageMagick is forced to write each image as a separate file. As
				220	such, if more than one image needs to be written, the filename given is
				221	modified by adding a <a href="#scene">-scene</a> number before the
				222	suffix, in order to make distinct names for each image. </p>
				223
				224	<p>Use <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> to force each image to be written
				225	to separate files, whether or not the file format allows multiple images
				226	per file (for example, GIF, MIFF, and TIFF). </p>
				227
				228	<p>Including a C-style integer format string in the output filename will automagically enable <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> and are used to specify where the <a href="#scene">-scene</a> number is placed in the filenames. These strings, such as '<kbd>%d</kbd>' or '<kbd>%03d</kbd>', are familiar to those who have used the standard <kbd>printf()</kbd>' C-library function. As an example, the command</p>
				229
				230	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: rose: -morph 15 my%02dmorph.jpg</span></p>
				231	<p>will create a sequence of 17 images named my00morph.jpg, my01morph.jpg, my02morph.jpg, ..., my16morph.jpg.
				232	</p>
				233
				234	<p>In summary, ImageMagick tries to write all images to one file, but will use
				235	multiple files if either (1) the output image's file format does not allow multi-image files,
				236	(2) the <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> option is given, or (3) a C-style integer format string is
				237	present in the output filename. </p>
				238
				239
				240	<div style="margin: auto;">
				241	<h4><a name="affine" id="affine"></a>-affine <em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">r<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">r<sub>y</sub></em>,<em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em>,<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em><br/>
				242	-affine <em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">r<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">r<sub>y</sub></em>,<em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em></h4>
				243	</div>
				244
				245	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the drawing transformation matrix for combined rotating and scaling.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				246
				247	<p>This option sets a transformation matrix, encoded as (<em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em>, <em class="arg">r<sub>x</sub></em>, <em class="arg">r<sub>y</sub></em>, <em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em>, <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>, <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em>), for use by subsequent <a href="#draw">-draw</a> or <a href="#transform">-transform</a> options.</p>
				248
				249	<p>The matrix entries are entered as comma-separated numeric values <i>with no spaces</i>. </p>
				250
				251	<p>Internally, the transformation matrix has 3x3 elements, but three of them are omitted from the input because they are constant. The new (transformed) coordinates (<em class="arg">x'</em>, <em class="arg">y'</em>) of a pixel at position (<em class="arg">x</em>, <em class="arg">y</em>) in the original image are calculated using the following matrix equation.</p>
				252
				253	<div class="eqn">
				254	<img alt="affine transformation" src="../images/affine.png"/>
				255	</div>
				256
				257	<p>
				258	The size of the resulting image is that of the smallest rectangle that contains the transformed source image. The parameters <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> subsequently shift the image pixels so that those that are moved out of the image area are cut off.</p>
				259
				260	<p>The transformation matrix complies with the left-handed pixel coordinate system: positive <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> directions are rightward and downward, resp.; positive rotation is clockwise.</p>
				261
				262	<p> If the translation coefficients <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> are omotted they default to 0,0. Therefore, four parameters suffice for rotation and scaling without translation.</p>
				263
				264	<p>Scaling by the factors <em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em> in the <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> directions, respectively, is accomplished with the following.</p>
				265
				266	<p class="crtsnip">
				267	-affine <em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em>,0,0,<em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em>
				268	</p>
				269
				270	<p>Translation by a displacement (<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>, <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em>) is accomplished like so:</p>
				271
				272	<p class="crtsnip">
				273	-affine 1,0,0,1,<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em>
				274	</p>
				275
				276	<p>Rotate clockwise about the origin (the upper left-hand corner) by an angle <em>a</em> by letting
				277	<em>c</em> = cos(<em>a</em>), <em>s</em> = sin(<em>a</em>), and using the following.</p>
				278
				279	<p class="crtsnip">
				280	-affine <em>c</em>,<em>s</em>,-<em>s</em>,<em>c</em>
				281	</p>
				282
				283	<p>The cumulative effect of a sequence of <a href="#affine" >-affine</a> transformations can be accomplished by instead by a single <a href="#affine" >-affine</a> operation using the matrix equal to the product of the matrices of the individual transformations.</p>
				284
				285	<p>An attempt is made to detect near-singular transformation matrices. If the matrix determinant has a sufficiently small absolute value it is rejected.</p>
				286
				287	<div style="margin: auto;">
				288	<h4><a name="alpha" id="alpha"></a>-alpha <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				289	</div>
				290
				291	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Gives control of the alpha/matte channel of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				292
				293	<p>Used to set a flag on an image indicating whether or not to use existing alpha
				294	channel data, to create an alpha channel, or to perform other operations on the alpha channel. Choose the argument <em class="arg">type</em> from the list below.</p>
				295
				296
				297	<table class="doc">
				298	<tbody>
				299	<tr valign="top">
				300	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">type</th>
				301	<th align="left">Description</th>
				302	</tr>
				303
				304	<tr valign="top">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	305	<td valign="top"><kbd>Activate</kbd> or <kbd>On</kbd></td>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	306	<td valign="top">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	307	Enable the image's transparency channel. Note normally <kbd>Set</kbd>
				308	should be used instead of this, unless you specifically need to
				309	preserve existing (but specifically turned <kbd>Off</kbd>) transparency
				310	channel. </td></tr>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	311
				312	<tr valign="top">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	313	<td valign="top"><kbd>Deactivate</kbd> or <kbd>Off</kbd></td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	314	<td valign="top">
				315	Disables the image's transparency channel. Does not delete or change the
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	316	existing data, just turns off the use of that data.</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	317
				318	<tr valign="top">
				319	<td valign="top"><kbd>Set</kbd></td>
				320	<td valign="top">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	321	Activates the alpha/matte channel. If it was previously turned off
				322	then it also resets the channel to opaque. If the image already had
				323	the alpha channel turned on, it will have no effect.</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	324
				325	<tr valign="top">
				326	<td valign="top"><kbd>Opaque</kbd></td>
				327	<td valign="top">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	328	Enables the alpha/matte channel and forces it to be fully opaque.
				329	</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	330
				331	<tr valign="top">
				332	<td valign="top"><kbd>Transparent</kbd></td>
				333	<td valign="top">
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	334	Activates the alpha/matte channel and forces it to be fully
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	335	transparent. This effectively creates a fully transparent image the
				336	same size as the original and with all its original RGB data still
				337	intact, but fully transparent. </td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	338
				339	<tr valign="top">
				340	<td valign="top"><kbd>Extract</kbd></td>
				341	<td valign="top">
				342	Copies the alpha channel values into all the color channels and turns
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	343	'<kbd>Off</kbd>' the the image's transparency, so as to generate
				344	a gray-scale mask of the image's shape. The alpha channel data is left
				345	intact just deactivated. This is the inverse of '<kbd>Copy</kbd>'.
				346	</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	347
				348	<tr valign="top">
				349	<td valign="top"><kbd>Copy</kbd></td>
				350	<td valign="top">
				351	Turns '<kbd>On</kbd>' the alpha/matte channel, then copies the
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	352	gray-scale intensity of the image, into the alpha channel, converting
				353	a gray-scale mask into a transparent shaped mask ready to be colored
				354	appropriately. The color channels are not modified. </td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	355
				356	<tr valign="top">
				357	<td valign="top"><kbd>Shape</kbd></td>
				358	<td valign="top">
				359	As per '<kbd>Copy</kbd>' but also colors the resulting shape mask with
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	360	the current background color. That is the RGB color channels is
				361	replaced, with appropriate alpha shape.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	362	</td></tr>
				363
				364	<tr valign="top">
				365	<td valign="top"><kbd>Background</kbd></td>
				366	<td valign="top">
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	367	Set any fully-transparent pixel to the background color, while leaving
				368	it fully-transparent. This can make some image file formats, such as
				369	PNG, smaller as the RGB values of transparent pixels are more uniform,
				370	and thus can compress better.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	371	</td></tr>
				372	</tbody>
				373	</table>
				374
				375	<p>Note that while the <a href="#matte" >+matte</a> operation is the same as
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	376	"<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> Off</kbd>", the <a href="#matte"
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	377	>-matte</a> operation is the same as "<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a>
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	378	Set</kbd>" and not "<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> On</kbd>". </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	379
				380
				381	<div style="margin: auto;">
				382	<h4><a name="annotate" id="annotate"></a>
				383	-annotate <em class="arg">degrees</em> <em class="arg">text</em><br />
				384	-annotate <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em>x<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> <em class="arg">text</em><br />
				385	-annotate <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em>x<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> {+-}<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>{+-}<em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> <em class="arg">text</em></h4>
				386	</div>
				387
				388	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Annotate an image with text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				389
				390	<p>This is a convenience for annotating an image with text. For more precise control over text annotations, use <a href="#draw">-draw</a>.</p>
				391
				392
				393	<p>The values <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em> and <em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> control the shears with respect to the , respectively, applied to the text, while <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> are offsets that give the location of the text relative to the upper left corner of the image.</p>
				394
				395	<p>Using <a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> <em class="arg">degrees</em> or <a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> <em class="arg">degrees</em>x<em class="arg">degrees</em> produces an unsheared rotation of the text. The direction of the rotation is positive, which means a clockwise rotation if <em class="arg">degrees</em> is positive. (This conforms to the usual mathematical convention once it is realized that the positive <em>y</em>–direction is conventionally considered to be <em>downward</em> for images.)</p>
				396
				397	<p>The new (transformed) coordinates (<em class="arg">x'</em>, <em class="arg">y'</em>) of a pixel at position (<em class="arg">x</em>, <em class="arg">y</em>) in the image are calculated using the following matrix equation.</p>
				398	<div class="eqn"><img alt="annotate transformation" src="../images/annotate.png"/></div>
				399
				400	<p>If <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> are omitted, they default to 0. This makes the bottom-left of the text becomes the upper-left corner of the image, which is probably undesirable. Adding a <a href="#gravity" >-gravity</a> option in this case leads to nice results.</p>
				401
				402	<p>Text is any UTF-8 encoded character sequence. If <em class="arg">text</em> is of the form '@mytext.txt', the text is read from the file <kbd>mytext.txt</kbd>. Text in a file is taken literally; no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
				403
				404	<div style="margin: auto;">
				405	<h4><a name="antialias" id="antialias"></a>-antialias</h4>
				406	</div>
				407
				408	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Enable/Disable of the rendering of anti-aliasing pixels when
				409	drawing fonts and lines.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				410
				411	<p>By default, objects (e.g. text, lines, polygons, etc.) are antialiased when
				412	drawn. Use <a href="#antialias">+antialias</a> to disable the addition of
				413	antialiasing edge pixels. This will then reduce the number of colors added to
				414	an image to just the colors being directly drawn. That is, no mixed colors
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	415	are added when drawing such objects. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	416
				417	<div style="margin: auto;">
				418	<h4><a name="append" id="append"></a>-append</h4>
				419	</div>
				420
				421	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Join current images vertically or horizontally.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				422
				423	<p>This option creates a single longer image image, by joining all the current
				424	images in sequence top-to-bottom. Use <a href="#append">+append</a> to
				425	stack images left-to-right. </p>
				426
				427	<p>If they are not of the same width, narrower images are padded with the
				428	current <a href="#background">-background</a> color setting, and their
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	429	position relative to each other can be controlled by the current <a
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	430	href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting. </p>
				431
				432
				433	<div style="margin: auto;">
				434	<h4><a name="attenuate" id="attenuate"></a>-attenuate <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				435	</div>
				436
				437	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Lessen (or intensify) when adding noise to an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				438
				439
				440	<div style="margin: auto;">
				441	<h4><a name="authenticate" id="authenticate"></a>-authenticate <em class="arg">password</em></h4>
				442	</div>
				443
				444	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Decrypt a PDF with a password.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				445
				446	<p>Use this option to supply a <em class="arg">password</em> for decrypting a PDF that has been encrypted using Microsoft Crypto API (MSC API). The encrypting using the MSC API is not supported.</p>
				447
				448	<p>For a different encryption method, see <a href="#encipher">-encipher</a> and <a href="#decipher">-decipher</a>. </p>
				449
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	450
				451
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	452	<div style="margin: auto;">
				453	<h4><a name="auto-gamma" id="auto-gamma"></a>-auto-gamma</h4>
				454	</div>
				455
				456	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Automagically adjust gamma level of image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				457
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	458	<p>This calculates the mean values of an image, then applies a calculated <a
				459	href="#gamma" >-gamma</a> adjustment so that is the mean color exists in the
				460	image it will get a have a value of 50%. </p>
				461
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	462	<p>This means that any solid 'gray' image becomes 50% gray. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	463
				464	<p>This works well for real-life images with little or no extreme dark and
				465	light areas, but tend to fail for images with large amounts of bright sky or
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	466	dark shadows. It also does not work well for diagrams or cartoon like images.
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	467	</p>
				468
				469	<p>It uses the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting, (including the
				470	'<CODE>sync</CODE>' flag for channel syncronization), to determine which color
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	471	values is used and modified. As the default <a href="#channel"
				472	>-channel</a> setting is '<CODE>RGB,sync</CODE>', channels are modified
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	473	together by the same gamma value, preserving colors. </p>
				474
				475
				476
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	477	<div style="margin: auto;">
				478	<h4><a name="auto-level" id="auto-level"></a>-auto-level</h4>
				479	</div>
				480
				481	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Automagically adjust color levels of image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				482
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	483	<p>This is a 'perfect' image normalization operator. It finds the exact
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	484	minimum and maximum color values in the image and then applies a <a
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	485	href="#level" >-level</a> operator to stretch the values to the full range of
				486	values. </p>
				487
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	488	<p>The operator is not typically used for real-life images, image scans, or
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	489	JPEG format images, as a single 'out-rider' pixel can set a bad min/max values
				490	for the <a href="#level" >-level</a> operation. On the other hand it is the
				491	right operator to use for color stretching gradient images being used to
				492	generate Color lookup tables, distortion maps, or other 'mathematically'
				493	defined images. </p>
				494
				495	<p>The operator is very similar to the <a href="#normalize">-normalize</a>, <a
				496	href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a>, and <a href="#linear-stretch"
				497	>-linear-stretch</a> operators, but without 'histogram binning' or 'clipping'
				498	problems that these operators may have. That is <a href="#auto-level"
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	499	>-auto-level</a> is the perfect or ideal version these operators. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	500
				501	<p>It uses the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting, (including the
				502	special '<CODE>sync</CODE>' flag for channel syncronization), to determine
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	503	which color values are used and modified. As the default <a
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	504	href="#channel" >+channel</a> setting is '<CODE>RGB,sync</CODE>', the
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	505	'<CODE>sync</CODE>' ensures that the color channels will are modified
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	506	together by the same gamma value, preserving colors, and ignoring
				507	transparency. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	508
				509
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	510	<div style="margin: auto;">
				511	<h4><a name="auto-orient" id="auto-orient"></a>-auto-orient</h4>
				512	</div>
				513
				514	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Automagically orient (rotate) an image created by a digital camera.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				515
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	516	<p>This operator reads and resets the EXIF image profile setting 'Orientation'
				517	and then performs the appropriate 90 degree rotation on the image to orient
				518	the image, for correct viewing. </p>
				519
				520	<p>This EXIF profile setting is usually set using a gravity sensor in digital
				521	camara, however photos taken directly downward or upward may not have an
				522	appropriate value. Also images that have been orientation 'corrected' without
				523	reseting this setting, may be 'corrected' again resulting in a incorrect
				524	result. If the he EXIF profile was previously stripped, the <a
				525	href="#auto-orient" >-auto-orient</a> operator will do nothing. </p>
				526
				527
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	528	<div style="margin: auto;">
				529	<h4><a name="average" id="average"></a>-average</h4>
				530	</div>
				531
				532	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Average a set of images.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				533
				534	<p>An error results if the images are not identically sized.</p>
				535
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	536
				537	<div style="margin: auto;">
				538	<h4><a name="backdrop" id="backdrop"></a>-backdrop</h4>
				539	</div>
				540
				541	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Display the image centered on a backdrop.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				542
				543	<p>This backdrop covers the entire workstation screen and is useful for hiding other X window activity while viewing the image. The color of the backdrop is specified as the background color. The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				544
				545	<div style="margin: auto;">
				546	<h4><a name="background" id="background"></a>-background <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				547	</div>
				548
				549	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the background color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				550
				551	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option. The default background color (if none is specified or found in the image) is white.</p>
				552
				553	<div style="margin: auto;">
				554	<h4><a name="bench" id="bench"></a>-bench <em class="arg">iterations</em></h4>
				555	</div>
				556
				557	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Measure performance.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				558
cristy	e637813	2009-10-26 20:05:17 +0000	[diff] [blame]	559	<p>Repeat the entire command for the given number of <em class="arg">iterations</em> and report the user-time and elapsed time. For instance, consider the following command and its output. Modify the benchmark with the -duration to run the benchmark for a fixed number of seconds and -concurrent to run the benchmark in parallel (requires the OpenMP feature).</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	560
cristy	e637813	2009-10-26 20:05:17 +0000	[diff] [blame]	561	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -resize 1000% -bench 5 logo.png</span><span class='crtout'>Performance: 5i 0.875657ips 6.880u 0:05.710</span></p>
				562	<p>In this example, 5 iterations were completed at 0.875657 iterations per second, using 6.88 seconds of the user's allotted time, for a total elapsed time of 5.71 seconds.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	563
				564	<div style="margin: auto;">
				565	<h4><a name="bias" id="bias"></a>-bias <em class="arg">value</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
				566	</div>
				567
				568	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Add bias when convolving an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				569
				570	<p>This option shifts the output of <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#convolve">‑convolve</a> so that positive and negative results are relative to the specified bias value. </p>
				571
				572	<p>This is important for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick when dealing with convolutions that contain negative as well as positive values. This is especially the case with convolutions involving high pass filters or edge detection. Without an output bias, the negative values are clipped at zero.</p>
				573
				574	<p>When using an ImageMagick with the HDRI compile-time setting, <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> is not needed, as ImageMagick is able to store/handle any
				575	negative results without clipping to the color value range
				576	(0..QuantumRange).</p>
				577
				578	<p>See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page
				579	<a href="/www/high-dynamic-range.html">High Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri">Usage</a> pages or this <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a> entry.
				580	</p>
				581
				582	<div style="margin: auto;">
				583	<h4><a name="black-point-compensation" id="black-point-compensation"></a>-black-point-compensation</h4>
				584	</div>
				585
				586	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Use black point compensation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				587
				588	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	5cadd61	2009-09-21 19:33:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	589	<h4><a name="black-threshold" id="black-threshold"></a>-black-threshold <em class="arg">value</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	590	</div>
				591
cristy	5cadd61	2009-09-21 19:33:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	592	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Force to black all pixels below the threshold while leaving all pixels at or above the threshold unchanged.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				593
				594	<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer value within [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>] corresponding to the desired <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a> value. See <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a> for more details on thresholds and resulting values.
				595	</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	596
				597
				598	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	599	<h4><a name="blend" id="blend"></a>-blend <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	600	</div>
				601
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	602	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>blend an image into another by the given absolute value or percent.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	603
				604	<p>Blend will average the images together ('plus') according to the
				605	percentages given and each pixels transparency. If only a single percentage
				606	value is given it sets the weight of the composite or 'source' image, while
				607	the background image is weighted by the exact opposite amount. That is a
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	608	<kbd>-blend 30%</kbd> merges 30% of the 'source' image with 70% of the
				609	'destination' image. Thus it is equivalent to <kbd>-blend 30x70%</kbd>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	610
				611
				612	<div style="margin: auto;">
				613	<h4><a name="blue-primary" id="blue-primary"></a>-blue-primary <em class="arg">x</em>,<em class="arg">y</em></h4>
				614	</div>
				615
				616	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the blue chromaticity primary point.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				617
				618	<div style="margin: auto;">
				619	<h4><a name="blue-shift" id="blue-shift"></a>-blue-shift <em class="arg">factor</em></h4>
				620	</div>
				621
				622	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate a scene at nighttime in the moonlight. Start with a factor of 1.5</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				623
				624	<div style="margin: auto;">
				625
				626	<div style="margin: auto;">
				627	<h4><a name="blur" id="blur"></a>-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em></h4>
				628	</div>
				629
				630	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Reduce image noise and reduce detail levels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				631
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	632	<p>Convolve the image with a Gaussian or normal distribution using the given
				633	<em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value. The formula is:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	634
				635	<div class="eqn"><img alt="gaussian distribution" width="243px" height="42px" src="../images/gaussian-blur.png"/>
				636	</div>
				637
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	638	<p>The <em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value is the important argument, and
				639	determines the actual amount of bluring that will take place. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	640
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	641	<p>The <em class="arg" >Radius</em> is only used to determine the size of the
				642	array which will hold the calculated gaussian distribution. It should be an
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	643	integer. If not given, or set to zero, IM will calculate the largest possible
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	644	radius that will provide meaningful results for the Gaussian distribution.
				645	</p>
				646
				647	<p>The larger the <em class="arg" >Radius</em> the radius the slower the
				648	operation is. However too small a <em class="arg" >Radius</em>, and sever
				649	aliasing effects may result. As a guideline, <em class="arg" >Radius</em>
				650	should be at least twice the <em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value, though three
				651	times will produce a more accurite result. </p>
				652
				653	<p>This option differs from <a href="#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a> simply
				654	by taking advantage of the separability properties of the distribution. Here
				655	we apply a single-dimensional Gaussian matrix in the horizontal direction,
				656	then repeat the process in the vertical direction.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	657
				658	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				659	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				660	</p>
				661
				662
				663	<div style="margin: auto;">
				664	<h4><a name="blur-composite" id="blur"></a>-blur <em class="arg">Width</em>[x<em class="arg">Height</em>[+<em class="arg">Angle</em>]]</h4>
				665	</div>
				666
				667	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Variably blur and image according to the overlay mapping.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				668
				669	<p>Each pixel in the overlaid region is replaced with an Elliptical Weighted
				670	Average (EWA) of the source image, scaled according to the grayscale
				671	mapping. </p>
				672
				673	<p>The ellipse is weighted with sigma set to the given <em class="arg"
				674	>Width</em> and <em class="arg" >Height</em>. The <em class="arg" >Height</em>
				675	defaults to the <em class="arg" >Width</em> for a normal circular Guassian
				676	weighting. The <em class="arg" >Angle</em> will rotate the ellipse from
				677	horizontal clock-wise. </p>
				678
				679	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				680	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				681	</p>
				682
				683
				684	<div style="margin: auto;">
				685	<h4><a name="border" id="border"></a>-border <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				686	</div>
				687
				688	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Surround the image with a border of color. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				689
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	690	<p>Set the width and height using the <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the
				691	<em class="arg">gravity</em> argument. See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets are
				692	ignored. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	693
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	694	<p>Set the border color by preceding with the <a
				695	href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	696
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	697	<p>The <a href="#border">-border</a> operation is affected by the current <a
				698	href="#compose">-compose</a> setting and assumes that this is using the default
				699	'<kbd>Over</kbd>' composition method. It generates a image of the appropriate
				700	size colors by the current <a href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> before
				701	overlaying the original image in the center of this net image. This means that
				702	with the default compose method of '<kbd>Over</kbd>' any transparent parts may
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	703	be replaced by the current <a href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	704	<p>See also the <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option, which has more
				705	functionality.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	706
				707	<div style="margin: auto;">
				708	<h4><a name="bordercolor" id="bordercolor"></a>-bordercolor <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				709	</div>
				710
				711	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the border color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				712
				713	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				714
				715	<p>The default border color is <kbd>#DFDFDF</kbd>, <span style="background-color: #dfdfdf;">this shade of gray</span>.</p>
				716
				717	<div style="margin: auto;">
				718	<h4><a name="borderwidth" id="borderwidth"></a>-borderwidth <em class="arg">geometry</em> </h4>
				719	</div>
				720
				721	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the border width.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				722
				723	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	724	<h4><a name="brightness-contrast" id="brightness-contrast"></a>-brightness-contrast <em class="arg">brightness</em><br />-brightness-contrast <em class="arg">brightness</em>{x<em class="arg">contrast</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}}</h4>
				725	</div>
				726
				727	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adjust the brightness and/or contrast of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				728
				729	<p>Brightness and Contrast values apply changes to the input image. They are not absolute settings. A brightness or contrast value of zero means no change. The range of values is -100 to +100 on each. Positive values increase the brightness or contrast and negative values decrease the brightness or contrast. To control only contrast, set the brightness=0. To control only brightness, set contrast=0 or just leave it off.</p>
				730
				731	<p>You may also use <a href="#fill">-channel</a> to control which channels to apply the brightness and/or contrast change. The default is to apply the same transformation to all channels.</p>
				732
				733	<p>Brightness and Contrast arguments are converted to offset and slope of a linear transform and applied using <a href="#fill">-function polynomial "slope,offset"</a>.</p>
				734
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	735	<p>The slope varies from 0 at contrast=-100 to almost vertical at contrast=+100. For brightness=0 and contrast=-100, the result are totally midgray. For brightness=0 and contrast=+100, the result will approach but not quite reach a threshold at midgray; that is the linear transformation is a very steep vertical line at mid gray.</p>
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	736
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	737	<p>Negative slopes, i.e. negating the image, are not possible with this function. All achievable slopes are zero or positive.</p>
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	738
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	739	<p>The offset varies from -0.5 at brightness=-100 to 0 at brightness=0 to +0.5 at brightness=+100. Thus, when contrast=0 and brightness=100, the result is totally white. Similarly, when contrast=0 and brightness=-100, the result is totally black.</p>
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	740
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	741	<p>As the range of values for the arguments are -100 to +100, adding the '%' symbol is no different than leaving it off.</p>
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	742
				743	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	744	<h4><a name="cache" id="cache"></a>-cache <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
				745	</div>
				746
				747	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>(This option has been replaced by the <a href='#limit'>-limit</a> option.)</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				748
				749	<div style="margin: auto;">
				750	<h4><a name="caption" id="caption"></a>-caption <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
				751	</div>
				752
				753	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Assign a caption to an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				754
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	755	<p>This option sets the caption meta-data of an image read in after this
				756	option has been given. To modify a caption of images already in memory use
				757	"<kbd><a href="#set">-set</a> caption</kbd>". </p>
				758
				759	<p>The caption can contain special format characters listed in the <a
				760	href="../www/escape.html">Format and
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	761	Print Image Properties</a>. These attributes are expanded when the caption
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	762	is finally assigned to the individual images. </p>
				763
				764	<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">string</em> is <em
				765	class="arg">@</em>, the image caption is read from a file titled by the
				766	remaining characters in the string. Comments read in from a file are literal;
				767	no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
				768
				769	<p>Caption meta-data ais not visible on the image itself. To do that use the
				770	<a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> or <a href="#draw">-draw</a> options
				771	instead.</p>
				772
				773	<p>For example,</p>
				774
				775	<p class="crtsnip">
				776	-caption "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff
				777	</p>
				778
				779	<p>produces an image caption of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> (assuming
				780	that the image <kbd>bird.miff</kbd> has a width of 512 and a height of
				781	480.</p>
				782
				783
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	784	<div style="margin: auto;">
				785	<h4><a name="cdl" id="cdl"></a>-cdl <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
				786	</div>
				787
				788	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>color correct with a color decision list.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				789
				790	<p>Here is an example color correction collection:</p>
				791
				792	<pre class="text">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	793	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
				794	<ColorCorrectionCollection xmlns="urn:ASC:CDL:v1.2">
				795	<ColorCorrection id="cc06668">
				796	<SOPNode>
				797	<Slope> 0.9 1.2 0.5 </Slope>
				798	<Offset> 0.4 -0.5 0.6 </Offset>
				799	<Power> 1.0 0.8 1.5 </Power>
				800	</SOPNode>
				801	<SATNode>
				802	<Saturation> 0.85 </Saturation>
				803	</SATNode>
				804	</ColorCorrection>
				805	</ColorCorrectionCollection>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	806	</pre>
				807
				808	<div style="margin: auto;">
				809	<h4><a name="channel" id="channel"></a>-channel <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				810	</div>
				811
				812	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify those image color channels to which subsequent operators are limited.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				813
				814	<p>Choose from: <kbd>Red</kbd>, <kbd>Green</kbd>, <kbd>Blue</kbd>, <kbd>Alpha</kbd>, <kbd>Cyan</kbd>, <kbd>Magenta</kbd>, <kbd>Yellow</kbd>, <kbd>Black</kbd>, <kbd>Opacity</kbd>, <kbd>Index</kbd>, <kbd>RGB</kbd>, <kbd>RGBA</kbd>, <kbd>CMYK</kbd>, or <kbd>CMYKA</kbd>.</p>
				815
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	816	<p>The channels above can also be specified as a comma-separated list or can be
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	817	abbreviated as a concatenation of the letters '<kbd>R</kbd>', '<kbd>G</kbd>',
				818	'<kbd>B</kbd>', '<kbd>A</kbd>', '<kbd>O</kbd>', '<kbd>C</kbd>',
				819	'<kbd>M</kbd>', '<kbd>Y</kbd>', '<kbd>K</kbd>'.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	820
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	821	For example, to only select the <kbd>Red</kbd> and <kbd>Blue</kbd> channels
				822	you can either use </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	823	<p class="crtsnip">
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	824	-channel Red,Blue
				825	</p>
				826	<p>or you can use the short hand form</p>
				827	<p class="crtsnip">
				828	-channel RB
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	829	</p>
				830
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	831	<p>All the channels that is present in an image can be specified using the
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	832	special channel type <kbd>All</kbd>. Not all operators are 'channel capable',
				833	but generally any operators that are generally 'grey-scale' image operators,
				834	will understand this setting. See individual operator documentation. </p>
				835
				836	<br>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	837
				838	<p>On top of the normal channel selection a extra flag can be specified,
				839	'<kbd>Sync</kbd>'. This is turned on by default and if set means that
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	840	operators that understand this flag should perform: cross-channel
				841	syncronization of the channels. If not specified, then most grey-scale
				842	operators will apply their image processing operations to each individual
				843	channel (as specified by the rest of the <a href="#channel">-channel</a>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	844	setting) completely independently from each other. </p>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	845
				846	<p>For example for operators such as <a href="#auto-level">-auto-level</a> and
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	847	<a href="#auto-gamma">-auto-gamma</a> the color channels are modified
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	848	together in exactly the same way so that colors will remain in-sync. Without
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	849	it being set, then each channel is modified separately and
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	850	independently, which may produce color distortion. </p>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	851
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	852	<p>The <a href="#morphology">-morphology</a> '<kdb>Convolve</kdb>' method
				853	and the <a href="#compose">-compose</a> mathematical methods, also understands
				854	the '<kbd>Sync</kbd>' flag to modify the behaviour of pixel colors according
				855	to the alpha channel (if present). That is to say it will modify the image
				856	processing with the understanding that fully-transparent colors should not
				857	contribute to the final result. </p>
				858
				859	Basically, by default, operators work with color channels in syncronous, and
				860	treats transparency as special, unless the <a href="#channel">-channel</a>
				861	setting is modified so as to remove the effect of the '<kbd>Sync</kbd>' flag.
				862	How each operator does this depends on that operators current implementation.
				863	Not all operators understands this flag at this time, but that is changing.
				864	</p>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	865
				866	<p>To print a complete list of channel types, use <a href="#list">-list
				867	channel</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	868
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	869	<br>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	870
				871	<p>By default, ImageMagick sets <a href="#channel">-channel</a> to the value
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	872	'<kbd>RGBK,sync</kbd>', which specifies that operators act on all color
				873	channels except the transparency channel, and that all the color channels are
				874	to be modified in exactly the same way, with a understanding of transprancy
				875	(depending on the operation being applied). The 'plus' form <a
				876	href="#channel" >+channel</a> will reset the value back to this default. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	877
				878	<p>Options that are affected by the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting
				879	include the following.
				880
				881	<a href="#auto-gamma">-auto-gamma</a>,
				882	<a href="#auto-level">-auto-level</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	883	<a href="#black-threshold">-black-threshold</a>,
				884	<a href="#blur">-blur</a>,
cristy	b4c03bb	2009-09-27 13:55:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	885	<a href="#clamp">-clamp</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	886	<a href="#clut">-clut</a>,
				887	<a href="#combine">-combine</a>,
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	888	<a href="#composite">-composite</a> (Mathematical compose methods only),
				889	<a href="#convolve">-convolve</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	890	<a href="#contrast-stretch">-contrast-stretch</a>,
				891	<a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a>,
				892	<a href="#function">-function</a>,
				893	<a href="#fx">-fx</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	894	<a href="#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a>,
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	895	<a href="#hald-clut">-hald-clut</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	896	<a href="#motion-blur">-motion-blur</a>,
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	897	<a href="#morphology">-morphology</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	898	<a href="#negate">-negate</a>,
				899	<a href="#normalize">-normalize</a>,
				900	<a href="#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a>,
				901	<a href="#radial-blur">-radial-blur</a>,
				902	<a href="#random-threshold">-random-threshold</a>,
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	903	<a href="#separate">-separate</a>,
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	904	<a href="#threshold">-threshold</a>, and
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	905	<a href="#white-threshold">-white-threshold</a>.
				906	</p>
				907
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	908	<p>Warning, some operators behave differently when the <a href="#channel"
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	909	>+channel</a> default setting is in effect, verses ANY user defined <a
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	910	href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting (including the equivalent of the
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	911	default). These operators have yet to be made to understand the newer 'Sync'
				912	flag. </p>
				913
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	914	<p>For example <a href="#threshold">-threshold</a> will by default gray-scale
				915	the image before thresholding, if no <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting
				916	has been defined. This is not 'Sync flag controlled, yet. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	917
				918	<p>Also some operators such as <a href="#blur">-blur</a>, <a
				919	href="#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a>, will modify their handling of the
				920	color channels if the '<kbd>alpha</kbd>' channel is also enabled by <a
				921	href="#channel" >-channel</a>. Generally this done to ensure that
				922	fully-transparent colors are treated as being fully-transparent, and thus any
				923	underlying 'hidden' color has no effect on the final results. Typically
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	924	resulting in 'halo' effects. The newer <a href="#morphology">-morphology</a>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	925	convolution equivalents however does have a understanding of the 'Sync' flag
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	926	and will thus handle transparency correctly by default. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	927
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	928	<p>As a alpha channel is optional within images, some operators will read the
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	929	color channels of an image as a greyscale alpha mask, when the image has no
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	930	alpha channel present, and the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting tells
				931	the operator to apply the operation using alpha channels. The <a
				932	href="#clut">-clut</a> operator is a good example of this. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	933
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	934
				935	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	b4c03bb	2009-09-27 13:55:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	936	<h4><a name="clamp" id="clamp"></a>-clamp</h4>
				937	</div>
				938
				939	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Restrict image colors from 0 to the quantum depth.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				940
				941	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	942	<h4><a name="charcoal" id="charcoal"></a>-charcoal <em class="arg">factor</em></h4>
				943	</div>
				944
				945	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Simulate a charcoal drawing.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				946
				947	<div style="margin: auto;">
				948	<h4><a name="chop" id="chop"></a>-chop <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				949	</div>
				950
				951	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Remove pixels from the interior of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				952
				953	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <em class="arg">width</em> and <em class="arg">height</em> given in the of the <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument give the number of columns and rows to remove. The <em class="arg">offset</em> portion of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument is influenced by a <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting, if present.</p>
				954
				955	<p>The <a href="#chop">-chop</a> option removes entire rows and columns, and moves the remaining corner blocks leftward and upward to close the gaps.</p>
				956
				957	<div style="margin: auto;">
				958	<h4><a name="clip" id="clip"></a>-clip</h4>
				959	</div>
				960
				961	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply the clipping path if one is present.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				962
				963	<p>If a clipping path is present, it is applied to subsequent operations.</p>
				964
				965	<p>For example, in the command</p>
				966
				967	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -clip -negate cockatoo.tif negated.tif</span></p>
				968	<p>only the pixels within the clipping path are negated.</p>
				969
				970	<p>The <a href="#clip">-clip</a> feature requires the XML library. If the XML library is not present, the option is ignored.</p>
				971
				972	<div style="margin: auto;">
				973	<h4><a name="clip-mask" id="clip-mask"></a>-clip-mask</h4>
				974	</div>
				975
				976	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Clip the image as defined by this mask.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				977
				978	<div style="margin: auto;">
				979	<h4><a name="clip-path" id="clip-path"></a>-clip-path <em class="arg">id</em></h4>
				980	</div>
				981
				982	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Clip along a named path from the 8BImageMagick profile.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				983
				984	<div style="margin: auto;">
				985	<h4><a name="clone" id="clone"></a>-clone <em class="arg">index(s)</em></h4>
				986	</div>
				987
				988	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Make a copy of an image (or images).</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				989
				990	<p>Specify the image by its index in the sequence. The first image is index
				991	0. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the sequence; for example, −1
				992	represents the last image of the sequence. Specify a range of images with a
				993	dash (e.g. 0−4). Separate multiple indexes with commas but no spaces (e.g. 0,2,5). Use <a
				994	href="#clone">+clone</a> make a copy of the last image in the image
				995	sequence.</p>
				996
				997	<div style="margin: auto;">
				998	<h4><a name="clut" id="clut"></a>-clut</h4>
				999	</div>
				1000
				1001	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Replace the channel values in the first image using each
				1002	corresponding channel in the second image as a <b>c</b>olor
				1003	<b>l</b>ook<b>u</b>p <b>t</b>able.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1004
				1005	<p>The second (LUT) image is ordinarily a gradient image containing the
				1006	histogram mapping of how each channel should be modified. Typically it is a
				1007	either a single row or column image of replacement color values. If larger
				1008	than a single row or column, values are taken from a diagonal line from
				1009	top-left to bottom-right corners.</p>
				1010
				1011	<p>The lookup is further controlled by the <a
				1012	href="#interpolate">-interpolate</a> setting, which is especially handy for an
				1013	LUT which is not the full length needed by the ImageMagick installed Quality
				1014	(Q) level. Good settings for this are the '<kbd>bilinear</kbd>' and
				1015	'<kbd>bicubic</kbd>' interpolation settings, which give smooth color
				1016	gradients, and the '<kbd>integer</kbd>' setting for a direct, unsmoothed
				1017	lookup of color values. </p>
				1018
				1019	<p>This operator is especially suited to replacing a grayscale image with a
				1020	specific color gradient from the CLUT image. </p>
				1021
				1022	<p>Only the channel values defined by the <a href="#channel">-channel</a>
				1023	setting will have their values replaced. In particular, since the default <a
				1024	href="#channel">-channel</a> setting is <kbd>RGB</kbd>, this means that
				1025	transparency (alpha/matte channel) is not affected, unless the <a
				1026	href="#channel">-channel</a> setting is modified. When the alpha channel is
				1027	set, it is treated by the <a href="#clut" >-clut</a> operator in the same way
				1028	as the other channels, implying that alpha/matte values are replaced using the
				1029	alpha/matte values of the original image. </p>
				1030
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1031	<p>If either the image being modified, or the lookup image, contains no
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1032	transparency (i.e. <a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> is turned 'off') but the <a
				1033	href="#channel">-channel</a> setting includes alpha replacement, then it is
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1034	assumed that image represents a gray-scale gradient which is used for the
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1035	replacement alpha values. That is you can use a gray-scale CLUT image to
				1036	adjust a existing images alpha channel, or you can color a gray-scale image
				1037	using colors form CLUT containing the desired colors, including transparency.
				1038	</p>
				1039
				1040	<p>See also <a href="#hald-clut" >-hald-clut</a> which replaces colors according
				1041	the lookup of the full color RGB value from a 2D representation of a 3D color
				1042	cube. </p>
				1043
				1044
				1045	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1046	<h4><a name="coalesce" id="coalesce"></a>-coalesce</h4>
				1047	</div>
				1048
				1049	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Fully define the look of each frame of an GIF animation sequence, to form a 'film strip' animation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1050
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1051	<p>Overlay each image in an image sequence according to its <a href="#dispose">-dispose</a> meta-data, to reproduce the look of an animation at each point in the animation sequence. All images should be the same size, and are assigned appropriate GIF disposal settings for the animation to continue working as expected as a GIF animation. Such frames are more easily viewed and processed than the highly optimized GIF overlay images. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1052
				1053	<p>The animation can be re-optimized after processing using the <a href="#layers">-layers</a> method '<kbd>optimize</kbd>', though there is no guarantee that the restored GIF animation optimization is better than the original. </p>
				1054
				1055
				1056	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1057	<h4><a name="colorize" id="colorize"></a>-colorize <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				1058	</div>
				1059
				1060	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Colorize the image by an amount specified by <em class="arg">value</em> using the color specified by the most recent <a href="#fill" >-fill</a> setting.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1061
				1062	<p>Specify the amount of colorization as a percentage. Separate colorization values can be applied to the red, green, and blue channels of the image with a comma-delimited list of colorization values (e.g., <kbd>-colorize 0,0,50</kbd>).</p>
				1063
				1064	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1065	<h4><a name="colormap" id="colormap"></a>-colormap <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				1066	</div>
				1067
				1068	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Define the colormap type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				1069
				1070	<p>The <em class="arg">type</em> can be <kbd>shared</kbd> or <kbd>private</kbd>.</p>
				1071
				1072	<p>This option only applies when the default X server visual is <kbd>PseudoColor</kbd> or <kbd>GrayScale</kbd>. Refer to <a href="#visual">-visual</a> for more details. By default, a shared colormap is allocated. The image shares colors with other X clients. Some image colors could be approximated, therefore your image may look very different than intended. If <kbd>private</kbd> is chosen, the image colors appear exactly as they are defined. However, other clients may go <em>technicolor</em> when the image colormap is installed.</p>
				1073
				1074	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1075	<h4><a name="colors" id="colors"></a>-colors <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				1076	</div>
				1077
				1078	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the preferred number of colors in the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1079
				1080	<p>The actual number of colors in the image may be less than your request, but never more. Note that this a color reduction option. Images with fewer unique colors than specified by <em class="arg">value</em> will have any duplicate or unused colors removed. The ordering of an existing color palette may be altered. When converting an image from color to grayscale, it is more efficient to convert the image to the gray colorspace before reducing the number of colors. Refer to the <a href="../www/quantize.html">color reduction algorithm</a> for more details.</p>
				1081
				1082	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	2c83960	2010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1083	<h4><a name="color-matrix" id="color-matrix"></a>-color-matrix <em class="arg">matrix</em></h4>
				1084	</div>
				1085
				1086	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply color correction to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1087
				1088	<p>This option permits saturation changes, hue rotation, luminance to alpha, and various other effects. Although variable-sized transformation matrices can be used, typically one uses a 5x5 matrix for an RGBA image and a 6x6 for CMYKA (or RGBA with offsets). The matrix is similar to those used by Adobe Flash except offsets are in column 6 rather than 5 (in support of CMYKA images) and offsets are normalized (divide Flash offset by 255).</p>
				1089
				1090	<p>As an example, to add contrast to an image with offsets, try this command:</p>
				1091
				1092	<pre class="text">
				1093	convert kittens.jpg -color-matrix \
				1094	" 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \
				1095	0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \
				1096	0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \
				1097	0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0, 0.0, 0.0 \
				1098	0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 \
				1099	0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0, 0.0, 1.0" kittens.png
				1100	</pre>
				1101	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1102	<h4><a name="colorspace" id="colorspace"></a>-colorspace <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				1103	</div>
				1104
				1105	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the image colorspace.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1106
				1107	<p>Choices are:</p>
				1108
				1109	<pre class="text">
				1110	CMY
				1111	CMYK
				1112	Gray
				1113	HSB
				1114	HSL
				1115	HWB
				1116	Lab
				1117	Log
				1118	OHTA
				1119	Rec601Luma
				1120	Rec601YCbCr
				1121	Rec709Luma
				1122	Rec709YCbCr
				1123	RGB
				1124	sRGB
				1125	Transparent
				1126	XYZ
				1127	YCbCr
				1128	YCC
				1129	YIQ
				1130	YPbPr
				1131	YUV
				1132	</pre>
				1133
				1134	<p>To print a complete list of colorspaces, use <a href="#list">-list colorspace</a>.</p>
				1135
				1136	<p>For a more accurate color conversion to or from the RGB, CMYK, or grayscale colorspaces, use the <a href="#profile">-profile</a> option.</p>
				1137
				1138	<table class="doc">
				1139	<caption>Conversion Of RGB To Other Color Spaces</caption>
				1140	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">CMY</th></tr>
				1141	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−R</td></tr>
				1142	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">M=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−G</td></tr>
				1143	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−B</td></tr>
				1144	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">CMYK — starts with CMY from above</th></tr>
				1145	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">K=min(C,Y,M)</td></tr>
				1146	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>*(C−K)/(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−K)</td></tr>
				1147	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">M=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>*(M−K)/(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−K)</td></tr>
				1148	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>*(Y−K)/(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−K)</td></tr>
				1149
				1150	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Gray</th></tr>
				1151	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Gray = 0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B</td></tr>
				1152
				1153	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">HSB — Hue, Saturation, Brightness; like a cone peak downward</th></tr>
				1154	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">H=angle around perimeter (0 to 360 deg); H=0 is red; increasing angles toward green</td></tr>
				1155	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">S=distance from axis outward</td></tr>
				1156	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">B=distance along axis from bottom upward; B=max(R,G,B); <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1157
				1158	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">HSL — Hue, Saturation, Lightness; like a double cone end-to-end with peaks at very top and bottom</th></tr>
				1159	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">H=angle around perimeter (0 to 360 deg); H=0 is red; increasing angles toward green</td></tr>
				1160	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">S=distance from axis outward</td></tr>
				1161	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">L=distance along axis from bottom upward; L=0.5max(R,G,B) + 0.5min(R,G,B); <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1162
				1163	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">HWB — Hue, Whiteness, Blackness</th></tr>
				1164	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Hue (complicated equation)</td></tr>
				1165	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Whiteness (complicated equation)</td></tr>
				1166	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Blackness (complicated equation)</td></tr>
				1167
				1168	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">LAB</th></tr>
				1169	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">L (complicated equation relating X,Y,Z)</td></tr>
				1170	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">A (complicated equation relating X,Y,Z)</td></tr>
				1171	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">B (complicated equation relating X,Y,Z)</td></tr>
				1172
				1173	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">LOG</th></tr>
				1174	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I1 (complicated equation involving logarithm of R)</td></tr>
				1175	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I2 (complicated equation involving logarithm of G)</td></tr>
				1176	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I3 (complicated equation involving logarithm of B)</td></tr>
				1177
				1178	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">OHTA — approximates principal components transformation</th></tr>
				1179	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I1=0.33333R+0.33334G+0.33333*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1180	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I2=(0.50000R+0.00000G−0.50000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1181	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I3=(−0.25000R+0.50000G−0.25000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1182
				1183	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec601Luma</th></tr>
				1184	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Gray = 0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B</td></tr>
				1185
				1186	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec601YCbCr</th></tr>
				1187	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.299000R+0.587000G+0.114000*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1188	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cb=(−0.168736R-0.331264G+0.500000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1189	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000R−0.418688G−0.081312B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1190
				1191	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec709Luma</th></tr>
				1192	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Gray=0.21260R+0.71520G+0.07220*B</td></tr>
				1193
				1194	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec709YCbCr</th></tr>
				1195	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.212600R+0.715200G+0.072200*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1196	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cb=(−0.114572R−0.385428G+0.500000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1197	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000R−0.454153G−0.045847B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1198
				1199	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">sRGB</th></tr>
				1200	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if Rs ≤ .03928 then Rs=R/12.92 else Rs=((R+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
				1201	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if Gs ≤ .03928 then Gs=B/12.92 else Gs=((G+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
				1202	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if Bs ≤ .03928 then Bs=B/12.92 else Bs=((B+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
				1203
				1204	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">XYZ</th></tr>
				1205	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">X=0.4124240R+0.3575790G+0.1804640*B</td></tr>
				1206	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.2126560R+0.7151580G+0.0721856*B</td></tr>
				1207	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Z=0.0193324R+0.1191930G+0.9504440*B</td></tr>
				1208
				1209	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YCC</th></tr>
				1210	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=(0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B) (with complicated scaling); <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1211	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C1=(−0.29900R−0.58700G+0.88600*B) (with complicated scaling)</td></tr>
				1212	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C2=(0.70100R−0.58700G−0.11400*B) (with complicated scaling)</td></tr>
				1213
				1214	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YCbCr</th></tr>
				1215	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.299000R+0.587000G+0.114000*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1216	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cb=(−0.168736R−0.331264G+0.500000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1217	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000R−0.418688G−0.081312B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1218
				1219	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YIQ</th></tr>
				1220	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1221	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I=(0.59600R−0.27400G−0.32200B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1222	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Q=(0.21100R−0.52300G+0.31200B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1223
				1224	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YPbPr</th></tr>
				1225	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.299000R+0.587000G+0.114000*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1226	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Pb=(−0.168736R−0.331264G+0.500000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1227	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Pr=(0.500000R−0.418688G−0.081312B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1228
				1229	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YUV</th></tr>
				1230	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1231	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">U=(−0.14740R−0.28950G+0.43690B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1232	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">V=(0.61500R−0.51500G−0.10000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1233	</table>
				1234
				1235	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1236	<h4><a name="combine" id="combine"></a>-combine</h4>
				1237	</div>
				1238
				1239	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Combine one or more images into a single image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1240
				1241	<p>The channels (previously set by <a href="#channel">-channel</a>) of the combined image are taken from the grayscale values of each image in the sequence, in order. For the default -channel setting of <kbd>RGB</kbd>, this means the first image is assigned to the <kbd>Red</kbd> channel, the second to the <kbd>Green</kbd> channel, the third to the <kbd>Blue</kbd>.</p>
				1242
				1243	<p>This option can be thought of as the inverse to <a href="#separate">-separate</a>, so long as the channel settings are the same. Thus, in the following example, the final image should be a copy of the original.
				1244	</p>
				1245
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1246	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert original.png -channel RGB -separate sepimage.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert sepimage-0.png sepimage-1.png sepimage-2.png -channel RGB \ <br/> -combine imagecopy.png</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1247	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1248	<h4><a name="comment" id="comment"></a>-comment <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
				1249	</div>
				1250
				1251	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Embed a comment in an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1252
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1253	<p>This option sets the comment meta-data of an image read in after this
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1254	option has been given. To modify a comment of images already in memory use
				1255	"<kbd><a href="#set">-set</a> comment</kbd>". </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1256
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1257	<p>The comment can contain special format characters listed in the <a
				1258	href="../www/escape.html">Format and
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1259	Print Image Properties</a>. These attributes are expanded when the comment
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1260	is finally assigned to the individual images. </p>
				1261
				1262	<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">string</em> is <em
				1263	class="arg">@</em>, the image comment is read from a file titled by the
				1264	remaining characters in the string. Comments read in from a file are literal;
				1265	no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
				1266
				1267	<p>Comment meta-data are not visible on the image itself. To do that use the
				1268	<a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> or <a href="#draw">-draw</a> options
				1269	instead.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1270
				1271	<p>For example,</p>
				1272
				1273	<p class="crtsnip">
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1274	-comment "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1275	</p>
				1276
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1277	<p>produces an image comment of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> (assuming
				1278	that the image <kbd>bird.miff</kbd> has a width of 512 and a height of
				1279	480.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1280
				1281	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1282	<h4><a name="compose" id="compose"></a>-compose <em class="arg">operator</em></h4>
				1283	</div>
				1284
				1285	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the type of image composition.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1286
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1287	<p>See <a href="../www/compose.html">Alpha Compositing</a> for
				1288	a detailed discussion of alpha compositing.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1289
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1290	<p>This setting effects image processing operators that merge two (or more)
				1291	images together in some way. This includes the operators,
				1292	<a href="#composite">-composite</a>,
				1293	<a href="#layers">-layers</a> composite,
				1294	<a href="#flatten">-flatten</a>,
				1295	<a href="#mosaic">-mosaic</a>,
				1296	<a href="#layers">-layers</a> merge,
				1297	<a href="#border">-border</a>,
				1298	<a href="#frame">-frame</a>,
				1299	and <a href="#extent">-extent</a>. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1300
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1301	<p>It is also one of the primary options for the "<kbd>composite</kbd>"
				1302	command. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1303
				1304
				1305	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1306	<h4><a name="composite" id="composite"></a>-composite</h4>
				1307	</div>
				1308
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1309	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Perform alpha composition on two images and an optional mask</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1310
				1311	<p>Take the first image 'destination' and overlay the second 'source' image
				1312	according to the current <a href="#compose">-compose</a> setting. The location
				1313	of the 'source' or 'overlay' image is controlled according to <a
				1314	href="#geometry" >-geometry</a>, and <a href="#geometry" >-geometry</a>
				1315	settings. </p>
				1316
				1317	<p>If a third image is given this is treated as a gray-scale 'mask' image
				1318	relative to the first 'destination' image. This mask will limit what parts of
				1319	the destination can be modified by the image composition. However for the
				1320	'<kbd>displace</kbd>' compose method, the mask is used to provide a separate
				1321	Y-displacement image instead. </p>
				1322
				1323	<p>If a <a href="#compose">-compose</a> method requires extra numerical
				1324	arguments or flags these can be provided by setting the <a
				1325	href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd class="arg">option:compose:args</kbd>'
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1326	appropriately for the compose method. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1327
				1328	<p>Some <a href="#compose">-compose</a> methods can modify the 'destination'
				1329	image outside the overlay area. You can disable this by setting the special <a
				1330	href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd class="arg">option:compose:outside-overlay</kbd>'
				1331	to '<kbd>false</kbd>'. </p>
				1332
				1333
				1334	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1335	<h4><a name="compress" id="compress"></a>-compress <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				1336	</div>
				1337
				1338	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Use pixel compression specified by <em class="arg">type</em> when writing the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1339
				1340	<p>Choices are: <kbd class="arg">None</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">BZip</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">Fax</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">Group4</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">JPEG</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">JPEG2000</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">Lossless</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">LZW</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">RLE</kbd> or <kbd class="arg">Zip</kbd>.</p>
				1341
				1342	<p>To print a complete list of compression types, use <a href="#list">-list compress</a>.</p>
				1343
				1344	<p>Specify <a href="#compress">+compress</a> to store the binary image in an uncompressed format. The default is the compression type of the specified image file.</p>
				1345
				1346	<p>If <kbd>LZW</kbd> compression is specified but LZW compression has not been enabled, the image data is written in an uncompressed LZW format that can be read by LZW decoders. This may result in larger-than-expected GIF files.</p>
				1347
				1348	<p><kbd>Lossless</kbd> refers to lossless JPEG, which is only available if the JPEG library has been patched to support it. Use of lossless JPEG is generally not recommended.</p>
				1349
				1350	<p>Use the <a href="#quality">-quality</a> option to set the compression level to be used by JPEG, PNG, MIFF, and MPEG encoders. Use the <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor</a> option to set the sampling factor to be used by JPEG, MPEG, and YUV encoders for down-sampling the chroma channels.</p>
				1351
				1352	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1353	<h4><a name="contrast" id="contrast"></a>-contrast</h4>
				1354	</div>
				1355
				1356	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Enhance or reduce the image contrast.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1357
				1358	<p>This option enhances the intensity differences between the lighter and darker elements of the image. Use <a href="#contrast">-contrast</a> to enhance the image or <a href="#contrast">+contrast</a> to reduce the image contrast.</p>
				1359
				1360	<p>For a more pronounced effect you can repeat the option:</p>
				1361
				1362	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -contrast -contrast rose_c2.png</span></p>
				1363	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1364	<h4><a name="contrast-stretch" id="contrast-stretch"></a>-contrast-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em><br />-contrast-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em>{x<em class="arg">white-point</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}}</h4>
				1365	</div>
				1366
				1367	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Increase the contrast in an image by <em>stretching</em> the range of intensity values.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1368
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1369	<p>While performing the stretch, black-out at most <em
				1370	class="arg" >black-point</em> pixels and white-out at most <em
				1371	class="arg" >white-point</em> pixels. Or, if percent is used, black-out at most
				1372	<em class="arg" >black-point %</em> pixels and white-out at most <em
				1373	class="arg" >white-point %</em> pixels.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1374
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1375	<p>Prior to ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <a href="#contrast-stretch"
				1376	>-contrast-stretch</a> will black-out at most <em class="arg"
				1377	>black-point</em> pixels and white-out at most <em class="arg" >total pixels
				1378	minus white-point</em> pixels. Or, if percent is used, black-out at most <em
				1379	class="arg">black-point %</em> pixels and white-out at most <em class="arg"
				1380	>100% minus white-point %</em> pixels.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1381
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1382	<p>Note that <kbd>-contrast-stretch 0</kbd> will modify the image such that
				1383	the image's min and max values are stretched to 0 and <em class="QR"
				1384	>QuantumRange</em>, respectively, without any loss of data due to burn-out or
				1385	clipping at either end. This is not the same as <a href="#normalize"
cristy	d4d64ed	2010-08-22 22:19:33 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1386	>-normalize</a>, which is equivalent to <kbd>-contrast-stretch 0.15x0.05%</kbd> (or
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1387	prior to ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <kbd>-contrast-stretch 2%x99%</kbd>).</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1388
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1389	<p>Internally operator works by creating a histogram bin, and then uses that
				1390	bin to modify the image. As such some colors may be merged together when they
				1391	originally fell into the same 'bin'. </p>
				1392
				1393	<p>All the channels are normalized in concert by the came amount so as to
				1394	preserve color integrity, when the default <a href="#channel" >+channel</a>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1395	setting is in use. Specifying any other <a href="#channel" >-channel</a>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1396	setting will normalize the RGB channels independently.</p>
				1397
				1398	<p>See also <a href="#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect'
				1399	normalization of mathematical images. </p>
				1400
				1401	<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1402
				1403
				1404	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1405	<h4><a name="convolve" id="convolve"></a>-convolve <em class="arg">kernel</em></h4>
				1406	</div>
				1407
				1408	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Convolve an image with a user-supplied convolution kernel.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1409
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1410	<p>The <em class="arg">kernel</em> is a matrix specified as
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1411	a comma-separated list of integers (with no spaces), ordered left-to right,
				1412	starting with the top row. Presently, only odd-dimensioned kernels are
				1413	supported, and therefore the number of entries in the specified <em
				1414	class="arg">kernel</em> must be 3<sup>2</sup>=9, 5<sup>2</sup>=25,
				1415	7<sup>2</sup>=49, etc. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1416
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1417	<p>Note that the <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#convolve">‑convolve</a> operator supports the <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> setting. This option shifts the convolution so that
				1418	positive and negative results are relative to a user-specified bias value.
				1419	This is important for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick when dealing with
				1420	convolutions that contain negative as well as positive values. This is
				1421	especially the case with convolutions involving high pass filters or edge
				1422	detection. Without an output bias, the negative values is clipped at zero.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1423	</p>
				1424
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1425	<p>When using an ImageMagick with the HDRI compile-time setting, <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> is not needed, as ImageMagick is able to store/handle any
				1426	negative results without clipping to the color value range (0..QuantumRange).
				1427	See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page <a
				1428	href="/www/high-dynamic-range.html">High
				1429	Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a
				1430	href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri">Usage</a> pages or this
				1431	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a>
				1432	entry. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1433
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1434
				1435	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1436	<h4><a name="crop" id="crop"></a>-crop <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				1437	</div>
				1438
				1439	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Cut out one or more rectangular regions of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1440
				1441	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				1442
				1443	<p>The <em class="arg">width</em> and <em class="arg">height</em> of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument give the size of the image that remains after cropping, and <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> in the <em class="arg">offset</em> (if present) gives the location of the top left corner of the cropped image with respect to the original image. To specify the amount to be removed, use <a href="#shave">-shave</a> instead.</p>
				1444
				1445	<p>If the <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> offsets are present, a single image is generated, consisting of the pixels from the cropping region. The offsets specify the location of the upper left corner of the cropping region measured downward and rightward with respect to the upper left corner of the image. If the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with <kbd>NorthEast</kbd>, <kbd>East</kbd>, or <kbd>SouthEast</kbd> gravity, it gives the distance leftward from the right edge of the image to the right edge of the cropping region. Similarly, if the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with <kbd>SouthWest</kbd>, <kbd>South</kbd>, or <kbd>SouthEast</kbd> gravity, the distance is measured upward between the bottom edges.</p>
				1446
				1447	<p>If the <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> offsets are omitted, a set of tiles of the specified geometry, covering the entire input image, is generated. The rightmost tiles and the bottom tiles are smaller if the specified geometry extends beyond the dimensions of the input image.</p>
				1448
				1449	<p>By adding a exclamation character flag to the geometry argument, the
				1450	cropped images virtual canvas page size and offset is set as if the
				1451	geometry argument was a viewport or window. This means the canvas page size
				1452	is set to exactly the same size you specified, the image offset set
				1453	relative top left corner of the region cropped. </p>
				1454
				1455	<p>If the cropped image 'missed' the actual image on its virtual canvas, a
				1456	special single pixel transparent 'missed' image is returned, and a 'crop
				1457	missed' warning given. </p>
				1458
cristy	739df91	2009-10-24 16:10:18 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1459	<p>It might be necessary to <a href="#repage" >+repage</a> the image prior to cropping the image to ensure the crop coordinate frame is relocated to the upper-left corner of the visible image.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1460
				1461	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1462	<h4><a name="cycle" id="cycle"></a>-cycle <em class="arg">amount</em></h4>
				1463	</div>
				1464
				1465	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>displace image colormap by amount.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1466
				1467	<p><em class="arg">Amount</em> defines the number of positions each
				1468	colormap entry is shifted.</p>
				1469
				1470
				1471	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1472	<h4><a name="debug" id="debug"></a>-debug <em class="arg">events</em></h4>
				1473	</div>
				1474
				1475	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>enable debug printout.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1476
				1477	<p>The <kbd>events</kbd> parameter specifies which events are to be logged. It can be either <kbd>None</kbd>, <kbd>All</kbd>, <kbd>Trace</kbd>, or a comma-separated list consisting of one or more of the following domains: <kbd>Annotate</kbd>, <kbd>Blob</kbd>, <kbd>Cache</kbd>, <kbd>Coder</kbd>, <kbd>Configure</kbd>, <kbd>Deprecate</kbd>, <kbd>Exception</kbd>, <kbd>Locale</kbd>, <kbd>Render</kbd>, <kbd>Resource</kbd>, <kbd>Security</kbd>, <kbd>TemporaryFile</kbd>, <kbd>Transform</kbd>, <kbd>X11</kbd>, or <kbd>User</kbd>. </p>
				1478
				1479
				1480	<p>For example, to log cache and blob events, use.</p>
				1481
				1482	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -debug "Cache,Blob" rose: rose.png</span></p>
				1483	<p>The <kbd>User</kbd> domain is normally empty, but developers can log user events in their private copy of ImageMagick.</p>
				1484
				1485	<p>To print the complete list of debug methods, use <a href="#list">-list debug</a>.</p>
				1486
				1487	<p>Use the <a href="#log">-log</a> option to specify the format for debugging output.</p>
				1488
				1489	<p>Use <a href="#debug">+debug</a> to turn off all logging.</p>
				1490
				1491	<p>Debugging may also be set using the <kbd>MAGICK_DEBUG</kbd> <a href="../www/resources.html#environment">environment variable</a>. The allowed values for the <kbd>MAGICK_DEBUG</kbd> environment variable are the same as for the <a href="#debug">-debug</a> option.</p>
				1492
				1493
				1494	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1495	<h4><a name="decipher" id="decipher"></a>-decipher <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
				1496	</div>
				1497
				1498	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Decipher and restore pixels that were previously transformed by <a href="#encipher">-encipher</a>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1499
				1500	<p>Get the passphrase from the file specified by <em class="arg">filename</em>.</p>
				1501
				1502	<p>For more information, see the webpage, <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/www/cipher.html">ImageMagick: Encipher or Decipher an Image</a>.</p>
				1503
				1504
				1505	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1506	<h4><a name="deconstruct" id="deconstruct"></a>-deconstruct</h4>
				1507	</div>
				1508
				1509	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>find areas that has changed between images </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1510
				1511	<p>Given a sequence of images all the same size, such as produced by <a href="#coalesce">-coalesce</a>, replace the second and later images, with a smaller image of just the area that changed relative to the previous image. </p>
				1512
				1513	<p>The resulting sequence of images can be used to optimize an animation sequence, though will not work correctly for GIF animations when parts of the animation can go from opaque to transparent. </p>
				1514
				1515	<p>This option is actually equivalent to the <a href="#layers">-layers</a> method '<kbd>compare-any</kbd>'. </p>
				1516
				1517
				1518	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1519	<h4><a name="define" id="define"></a>-define <em class="arg">key</em>{<em class="arg">=value</em>}<em class="arg">...</em></h4>
				1520	</div>
				1521
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1522	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>add specific global settings generally used to control
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1523	coders and image processing operations.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1524
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1525	<p>This option creates one or more definitions for coders and decoders to use
				1526	while reading and writing image data. Definitions are generally used to
				1527	control image file format coder modules, and image processing operations,
				1528	beyond what is provided by normal means. Defined settings are listed in <a
				1529	href="#verbose" >-verbose</a> information ("<kbd>info:</kbd>" output format)
				1530	as "Artifacts". </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1531
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1532	<p>If <em class="arg">value</em> is missing for a definition, an empty-valued
				1533	definition of a flag is created with that name. This used to control on/off
				1534	options. Use <a href="#define">+define key</a> to remove definitions
				1535	previously created. Use <a href="#define">+define "*"</a> to remove all
				1536	existing definitions.</p>
				1537
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1538	<p>The same 'artifact' settings can also be defined using the <a
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1539	href="#set" >-set "option:<em class="arg">key</em>" "<em class="arg"
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1540	>value</em>"</a> option, which also allows the use of <a href="../www/escape.html" >Format and Print Image
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1541	Properties</a> in the defined value. </p>
				1542
				1543	<p>Such settings are global in scope, and effect all images and operations. </p>
				1544
				1545	<p>The following definitions are just some of the artifacts that are
				1546	available:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1547
				1548	<ul>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1549
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1550	<dt>dcm:display-range=reset</dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1551	<dd>Set the display range to the minimum and maximum pixel values for the
				1552	DCM image format.</dd><br />
				1553
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1554	<dt>dot:layout-engine=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1555	<dd>Set the specify the layout engine for the DOT image format (e.g.
				1556	<kbd>neato</kbd>).</dd><br />
				1557
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1558	<dt>jpeg:extent=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1559	<dd>Restrict the maximum JPEG file size, for example <kbd>-define
				1560	jpeg:extent=400kb</kbd>.</dd><br />
				1561
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1562	<dt>jpeg:size=<em class="arg">geometry</em></dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1563	<dd>Set the size hint of a JPEG image, for example, -define jpeg:size=128x128.
				1564	It is most useful for increasing performance and reducing the memory
				1565	requirements when reducing the size of a large JPEG image.</dd><br />
				1566
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1567	<dt>jp2:rate=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1568	<dd>Specify the compression factor to use while writing JPEG-2000 files. The
				1569	compression factor is the reciprocal of the compression ratio. The valid
				1570	range is 0.0 to 1.0, with 1.0 indicating lossless compression. If defined,
				1571	this value overrides the -quality setting. A quality setting of 75
				1572	results in a rate value of 0.06641.</dd><br />
				1573
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1574	<dt>mng:need-cacheoff</dt>
				1575	<dd>turn playback caching off for streaming MNG.</dd><br />
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1576
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1577	<dt>png:bit-depth=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
				1578	<dt>png:color-type=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1579	<dd>desired bit-depth and color-type for PNG output. You can force the PNG
				1580	encoder to use a different bit-depth and color-type than it would have
				1581	normally selected, but only if this does not cause any loss of image
				1582	quality. Any attempt to reduce image quality is treated as an error and no
				1583	PNG file is written. E.g., if you have a 1-bit black-and-white image, you
				1584	can use these "defines" to cause it to be written as an 8-bit grayscale,
				1585	indexed, or even a 64-bit RGBA. But if you have a 16-million color image,
				1586	you cannot force it to be written as a grayscale or indexed PNG. If you
				1587	wish to do this, you must use the appropriate <a href="#depth">-depth</a>,
				1588	<a href="#colors">-colors</a>, or <a href="#type">-type</a> directives to
				1589	reduce the image quality prior to using the PNG encoder. Note that in
				1590	indexed PNG files, "bit-depth" refers to the number of bits per index,
				1591	which can range from 1 to 8. In such files, the color samples always have
				1592	8-bit depth.</dd><br />
				1593
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1594	<dt>ps:imagemask</dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1595	<dd>If the ps:imagemask flag is defined, the PS3 and EPS3 coders will create
				1596	Postscript files that render bilevel images with the Postscript imagemask
				1597	operator instead of the image operator.</dd><br />
				1598
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1599	<dt>quantum:format=<em class="arg">type</em></dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1600	<dd>Set the type to <kbd>floating-point</kbd> to specify a floating-point
				1601	format for raw files (e.g. GRAY:) or for MIFF and TIFF images in HDRI mode
				1602	to preserve negative values. If <a href="#depth">-depth</a> 16 is
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1603	included, the result is a single precision floating point format.
				1604	If <a href="#depth">-depth</a> 32 is included, the result is
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1605	double precision floating point format.</dd>
				1606
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1607	</ul>
				1608
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1609	<p>For example, to create a postscript file that will render only the black
				1610	pixels of a bilevel image, use:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1611
				1612	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert bilevel.tif -define ps:imagemask eps3:stencil.ps</span></p>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1613	<p>Set attributes of the image registry by prefixing the value with
				1614	<kbd>registry:</kbd>. For example, to set a temporary path to put work files,
				1615	use:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1616
				1617	<p class="crtsnip">
				1618	-define registry:temporary-path=/data/tmp
				1619	</p>
				1620
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1621
				1622
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1623	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1624	<h4><a name="delay" id="delay"></a>-delay <em class="arg">ticks</em> <br />-delay <em class="arg">ticks</em>x<em class="arg">ticks-per-second</em> {<em class="arg"><</em>} {<em class="arg">></em>}</h4>
				1625	</div>
				1626
				1627	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>display the next image after pausing.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1628
				1629	<p>This option is useful for regulating the animation of image sequences <em>ticks/ticks-per-second</em> seconds must expire before the display of the next image. The default is no delay between each showing of the image sequence. The default ticks-per-second is 100.</p>
				1630
				1631	<p>Use <kbd>></kbd> to change the image delay <em>only</em> if its current value exceeds the given delay. <kbd><</kbd> changes the image delay <em>only</em> if current value is less than the given delay. For example, if you specify <kbd>30></kbd> and the image delay is 20, the image delay does not change. However, if the image delay is 40 or 50, the delay it is changed to 30. Enclose the given delay in quotation marks to prevent the <kbd><</kbd> or <kbd>></kbd> from being interpreted by your shell as a file redirection.</p>
				1632
				1633
				1634	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1635	<h4><a name="delete" id="delete"></a>-delete <em class="arg">index</em></h4>
				1636	</div>
				1637
				1638	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>delete the image, specified by its index, from the image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1639
				1640	<p>Specify the image by its index in the sequence. The first image is index 0. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the sequence, for example, -1 represents the last image of the sequence. Specify a range of images with a dash (e.g. 0-4). Separate indexes with a comma (e.g. 0,2). Use <kbd>+delete</kbd> to delete the last image in the current image sequence.</p>
				1641
				1642
				1643	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1644	<h4><a name="density" id="density"></a>-density <em class="arg">width</em><br />-density <em class="arg">width</em>x<em class="arg">height</em></h4>
				1645	</div>
				1646
				1647	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the horizontal and vertical resolution of an image for rendering to devices.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1648
				1649	<p>This option specifies the image resolution to store while encoding a raster image or the canvas resolution while rendering (reading) vector formats such as Postscript, PDF, WMF, and SVG into a raster image. Image resolution provides the unit of measure to apply when rendering to an output device or raster image. The default unit of measure is in dots per inch (DPI). The <a href="#units">-units</a> option may be used to select dots per centimeter instead.</p>
				1650
				1651	<p>The default resolution is 72 dots per inch, which is equivalent to one point per pixel (Macintosh and Postscript standard). Computer screens are normally 72 or 96 dots per inch, while printers typically support 150, 300, 600, or 1200 dots per inch. To determine the resolution of your display, use a ruler to measure the width of your screen in inches, and divide by the number of horizontal pixels (1024 on a 1024x768 display).</p>
				1652
				1653	<p>If the file format supports it, this option may be used to update the stored image resolution. Note that Photoshop stores and obtains image resolution from a proprietary embedded profile. If this profile is not stripped from the image, then Photoshop will continue to treat the image using its former resolution, ignoring the image resolution specified in the standard file header.</p>
				1654
				1655	<p>The <a href="#density">-density</a> option sets an <em>attribute</em> and does not alter the underlying raster image. It may be used to adjust the rendered size for desktop publishing purposes by adjusting the scale applied to the pixels. To resize the image so that it is the same size at a different resolution, use the <a href="#resample">-resample</a> option.</p>
				1656
				1657	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1658	<h4><a name="depth" id="depth"></a>-depth <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				1659	</div>
				1660
				1661	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>depth of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1662
				1663	<p>This the number of bits in a color sample within a pixel. Use this option to specify the depth of raw images whose depth is unknown such as GRAY, RGB, or CMYK, or to change the depth of any image after it has been read.</p>
				1664
				1665	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1666	<h4><a name="descend" id="descend"></a>-descend</h4>
				1667	</div>
				1668
				1669	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>obtain image by descending window hierarchy.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1670
				1671	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1672	<h4><a name="deskew" id="deskew"></a>-deskew <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
				1673	</div>
				1674
				1675	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>straighten an image. A threshold of 40% works for most images.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1676
				1677	<p>Use <a href="#set">-set</a> <kbd>option:deskew:auto-crop <em>width</em></kbd> to auto crop the image. The set argument is the pixel width of the image background (e.g 40).</p>
				1678
				1679	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1680	<h4><a name="despeckle" id="despeckle"></a>-despeckle</h4>
				1681	</div>
				1682
				1683	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>reduce the speckles within an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1684
				1685	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	2c83960	2010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1686	<h4><a name="direction" id="direction"></a>-direction <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				1687	</div>
				1688
				1689	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>render text right-to-left or left-to-right.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1690
				1691	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1692	<h4><a name="displace" id="displace"></a>-displace <em class="arg">horizontal-scale</em><br />-displace <em class="arg">horizontal-scale</em>x<em class="arg">vertical-scale</em></h4>
				1693	</div>
				1694
				1695	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>shift image pixels as defined by a displacement map.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				1696
				1697	<p>With this option, the 'overlay' image, and optionally the 'mask' image,
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1698	is used as a displacement map, which is used to displace the lookup of
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1699	what part of the 'background' image is seen at each point of the overlaid
				1700	area. Much like the displacement map is a 'lens' that redirects light shining
				1701	through it so as to present a distorted view the original 'background' image
				1702	behind it. </p>
				1703
				1704	<p>Any perfect grey areas of the displacement map produce a zero
				1705	displacement of the image. Black areas produce the given maximum negative
				1706	displacement of the lookup point, while white produce a maximum positive
				1707	displacement of the lookup. </p>
				1708
				1709	<p>Note that it is the lookup of the 'background' that is displaced, not a
				1710	displacement of the image itself. As such an area of the displacement map
				1711	containing 'white' will have the lookup point 'shifted' by a positive amount,
				1712	and thus generating a copy of the destination image to the right/downward from
				1713	the correct position. That is the image will look like it may have been
				1714	'shifted' in a negative left/upward direction. Understanding this is a very
				1715	important in understanding how displacement maps work. </p>
				1716
				1717	<p>The given arguments define the maximum amount of displacement in pixels
				1718	that a particular map can produce. If the displacement scale is large enough
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1719	it is also possible to lookup parts of the 'background' image that lie well
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1720	outside the bounds of the displacement map itself. That is you could very
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1721	easily copy a section of the original image from outside the overlay area
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1722	into the overlay area. </p>
				1723
				1724	<p>The '%' flag makes the displacement scale relative to the size of the
				1725	overlay image (100% = half width/height of image). Using '!' switches
				1726	percentage arguments to refer to the destination image size instead.
				1727	these flags were added as of IM v6.5.3-5.</p>
				1728
				1729	<p>Normally a single grayscale displacement map is provided, which with the
				1730	given scaling values will determine a single direction (vector) in which
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1731	displacements can occur (positively or negatively). However, if you also
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1732	specify a third image which is normally used as a <em class="arg">mask</em>,
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1733	the <em class="arg">composite image</em> is used for horizontal X
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1734	displacement, while the <em class="arg">mask image</em> is used for vertical Y
				1735	displacement. This allows you to define completely different displacement
				1736	values for the X and Y directions, and allowing you to lookup any point within
				1737	the <em class="arg">scale</em> bounds. In other words each pixel can lookup
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1738	any other nearby pixel, producing complex 2 dimensional displacements, rather
				1739	than a simple 1 dimensional vector displacements. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1740
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1741	<p>Alteratively rather than suppling two separate images, as of IM v6.4.4-0,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1742	you can use the 'red' channel of the overlay image to specify the horizontal
				1743	or X displacement, and the 'green' channel for the vertical or Y displacement.
				1744	</p>
				1745
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1746	<p>As of IM v6.5.3-5 any alpha channel in the overlay image is used as a
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1747	mask the transparency of the destination image. However areas outside the
				1748	overlaid areas will not be effected. </p>
				1749
				1750
				1751	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1752	<h4><a name="display" id="display"></a>-display <em class="arg">host:display[.screen]</em></h4>
				1753	</div>
				1754
				1755	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specifies the X server to contact.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				1756
				1757	<p>This option is used with convert for obtaining image or font from this X server. See <em class="arg">X(1)</em>.</p>
				1758
				1759	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1760	<h4><a name="dispose" id="dispose"></a>-dispose <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
				1761	</div>
				1762
				1763	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>define the GIF disposal image setting for images that are being created or read in. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1764
				1765	<p>The layer disposal method defines the way each the displayed image is to be
				1766	modified after the current 'frame' of an animation has finished being
				1767	displayed (after its 'delay' period), but before the next frame on an
				1768	animation is to be overlaid onto the display. </p>
				1769
				1770	<p>Here are the valid methods:</p>
				1771
				1772	<pre class="text">
				1773	Undefined 0 No disposal specified (equivalent to '<kbd>none</kbd>').
				1774	None 1 Do not dispose, just overlay next frame image.
				1775	Background 2 Clear the frame area with the background color.
				1776	Previous 3 Clear to the image prior to this frames overlay.
				1777	</pre>
				1778
				1779	<p>You can also use the numbers given above, which is what the GIF format
				1780	uses internally to represent the above settings. </p>
				1781
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1782	<p>To print a complete list of dispose methods, use <a href="#list">-list dispose</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1783
				1784	<p>Use <a href="#dispose" >+dispose</a>, turn off the setting and prevent
				1785	resetting the layer disposal methods of images being read in. </p>
				1786
				1787	<p>Use <a href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd>dispose</kbd>' method to set the image
				1788	disposal method for images already in memory.</p>
				1789
				1790	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1791	<h4><a name="dissimilarity-threshold" id="dissimilarity-threshold"></a>-dissimilarity-threshold <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				1792	</div>
				1793
				1794	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>maximum RMSE for subimage match (default 0.2).</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/compare.html">compare</a>]</td></tr></table>
				1795
				1796
				1797	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1798	<h4><a name="dissolve" id="dissolve"></a>-dissolve <em class="arg">src_percent</em>[x<em class="arg">dst_percent</em>]</h4>
				1799	</div>
				1800
				1801	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>dissolve an image into another by the given percent.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				1802
				1803	<p>The opacity of the composite image is multiplied by the given percent, then
				1804	it is composited 'over' the main image. If <em class="arg">src_percent</em>
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1805	is greater than 100, start dissolving the main image so it becomes
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1806	transparent at a value of '<kbd class="arg">200</kbd>'. If both percentages
				1807	are given, each image are dissolved to the percentages given. </p>
				1808
				1809	<p>Note that dissolve percentages do not add, two opaque images dissolved
				1810	'50,50', produce a 75% transparency. For a 50% + 50% blending of the two
				1811	images, you would need to use dissolve values of '50,100'. </p>
				1812
				1813	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1814	<h4><a name="distort" id="distort"></a>-distort <em class="arg">method arguments</em></h4>
				1815	</div>
				1816
				1817	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>distort an image, using the given <em class="arg">method</em> and its required <em class="arg">arguments</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1818
				1819	<p>The <em class="arg">arguments</em> is a single string containing a list
				1820	of floating point numbers separated by commas or spaces. The number of
				1821	and meaning of the floating point values depends on the distortion <em
				1822	class="arg">method</em> being used. </p>
				1823
				1824	<p>Choose from these distortion types:</p>
				1825
				1826	<table class="doc">
				1827	<tr valign="top">
				1828	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				1829	<th align="left">Description</th>
				1830	</tr>
				1831
				1832	<tr valign="top">
				1833	<td valign="top"><kbd>ScaleRotateTranslate</kbd>
				1834	<br/>or   <kbd>SRT</kbd></td>
				1835	<td valign="top">
				1836	Distort image by first scaling and rotating about a given 'center',
				1837	before translating that 'center' to the new location, in that order. It
				1838	is an alternative method of specifying a '<kbd>Affine</kbd>' type of
				1839	distortion, but without shearing effects. It also provides a good way
				1840	of rotating and displacing a smaller image for tiling onto a larger
				1841	background (IE 2-dimensional animations). <br/>
				1842
				1843	The number of arguments determine the specific meaning of each
				1844	argument for the scales, rotation, and translation operations. <br/>
				1845
				1846	<table style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">
				1847	<tr><td>#  </td><td>arguments meaning</td></tr>
				1848	<tr><td>1:</td><td><em>Angle_of_Rotation</em></td></tr>
				1849	<tr><td>2:</td><td><em>Scale   Angle</em></td></tr>
				1850	<tr><td>3:</td><td><em>ScaleX,ScaleY   Angle</em></td></tr>
				1851	<tr><td>4:</td><td><em>X,Y   Scale   Angle</em></td></tr>
				1852	<tr><td>5:</td>
				1853	<td><em>X,Y   ScaleX,ScaleY   Angle</em></td></tr>
				1854	<tr><td>6:</td>
				1855	<td><em>X,Y   Scale   Angle   NewX,NewY</em></td></tr>
				1856	<tr><td>7:</td>
				1857	<td><em>X,Y   ScaleX,ScaleY   Angle
				1858	NewX,NewY</em></td></tr>
				1859	</table>
				1860
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1861	This is actually an alternative way of specifying a 2 dimensional linear
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1862	'<kbd>Affine</kbd>' or '<kbd>AffineProjection</kbd>' distortion. </td> </tr>
				1863
				1864	<tr valign="top">
				1865	<td valign="top"><kbd>Affine</kbd></td>
				1866	<td valign="top">
				1867	Distort the image linearly by moving a list of at least 3 or more sets
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1868	of control points (as defined below). Ideally 3 sets or 12 floating
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1869	point values are given allowing the image to be linearly scaled,
				1870	rotated, sheared, and translated, according to those three points. See
				1871	also the related '<kbd>AffineProjection</kbd>' and '<kbd>SRT</kbd>'
				1872	distortions. <br/>
				1873
				1874	More than 3 sets given control point pairs (12 numbers) is least
				1875	squares fitted to best match a lineary affine distortion. If only 2
				1876	control point pairs (8 numbers) are given a two point image translation
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1877	rotation and scaling is performed, without any possible shearing,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1878	flipping or changes in aspect ratio to the resulting image. If only one
				1879	control point pair is provides the image is only translated, (which may
				1880	be a floating point non-integer translation). <br/>
				1881
				1882	This distortion does not include any form of perspective distortion.
				1883	</td>
				1884
				1885	</tr>
				1886
				1887	<tr valign="top">
				1888	<td valign="top"><kbd>AffineProjection</kbd></td>
				1889	<td valign="top">
				1890	Linearly distort an image using the given Affine Matrix of 6
				1891	pre-calculated coefficients forming a set of Affine Equations to map
				1892	the source image to the destination image.
				1893
				1894	<div style="text-align: center"><em>
				1895	s<sub>x</sub>, r<sub>x</sub>,
				1896	r<sub>y</sub>, s<sub>y</sub>,
				1897	t<sub>x</sub>, t<sub>y</sub>
				1898	</em></div>
				1899
				1900	See <a href="#affine" >-affine</a> setting for more detail, and
				1901	meanings of these coefficients. <br/>
				1902
				1903	The distortions '<kbd>Affine</kbd>' and '<kbd>SRT</kbd>' provide
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1904	alternative methods of defining this distortion, with ImageMagick doing
				1905	the calculations needed to generate the required coefficients. You can
				1906	see the internally generated coefficients, by using a <a
				1907	href="#verbose" >-verbose</a> setting with those other varients. </td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1908
				1909	</tr>
				1910
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1911	<tr valign="top">
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1912	<td valign="top"><kbd>BilinearForward</kbd><br/>
				1913	<kbd>BilinearReverse</kbd></td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1914	<td valign="top">
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1915	Bilinear Distortion, given a minimum of 4 sets of coordinate pairs, or
				1916	16 values (see below). Not that lines may not appear straight after
				1917	distortion, though the distance between coordinates will remain
				1918	consistent. <br/>
				1919
				1920	The '<kbd>BilinearForward</kbd>' is used to map rectangles to any
				1921	quadrilateral, while the '<kbd>BilinearReverse</kbd>' form maps any
				1922	quadrilateral to a rectangle, while preserving the straigth line edges
				1923	in each case. <br/>
				1924
				1925	Note that '<kbd>BilinearForward</kbd>' can generate invalid pixels
				1926	which will be colored using the <a href="#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a>
				1927	color setting. Also if the quadraterial becomes 'flipped' the image
				1928	may dissappear. <br/>
				1929
				1930	There are future plans to produce a true Bilinear distortion that will
				1931	attempt to map any quadrilateral to any other quadrilateral, while
				1932	preserving edges (and edge distance ratios).
				1933
				1934	</td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1935	</tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1936
				1937	<tr valign="top">
				1938	<td valign="top"><kbd>Perspective</kbd></td>
				1939	<td valign="top">
				1940	Perspective distort the images, using a list of 4 or more sets of
				1941	control points (as defined below). More that 4 sets (16 numbers) of
				1942	control points provide least squares fitting for more accurate
				1943	distortions (for the purposes of image registration and panarama
				1944	effects). Less than 4 sets will fall back to a '<kbd>Affine</kbd>'
				1945	linear distortion. <br/>
				1946
				1947	Perspective Distorted images ensures that straight lines remain
				1948	straight, but the scale of the distorted image will vary. The horizon
				1949	is anti-aliased, and the 'sky' color may be set using the
				1950	<a href="#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a> setting. </td>
				1951	</tr>
				1952
				1953	<tr valign="top">
				1954	<td valign="top"><kbd>PerspectiveProjection</kbd>  </td>
				1955	<td valign="top">
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1956	Do a '<kbd>Perspective</kbd>' distortion biased on a set of 8
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1957	pre-calculated coefficients. You can get these coefficients by looking
				1958	at the <a href="#verbose" >-verbose</a> output of a
				1959	'<kbd>Prespective</kbd>' distortion, or by calculating them yourself.
				1960	If the last two perspective scaling coefficients are zero, the
				1961	remaining 6 represents a transposed 'Affine Matrix'. </td>
				1962
				1963	</tr>
				1964
				1965	<tr valign="top">
				1966	<td valign="top"><kbd>Arc</kbd></td>
				1967	<td valign="top">
				1968	Arc the image (variation of polar mapping) over the angle given around
				1969	a circle. <br/>
				1970	<table width="90%" style = "margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
				1971	<tr valign="top"><td>Argument</td>
				1972	<td>Meaning</td></tr>
				1973	<tr valign="top"><td><em>arc_angle</em></td>
				1974	<td>The angle over which to arc the image side-to-side</td></tr>
				1975	<tr valign="top"><td><em>rotate_angle</em></td>
				1976	<td>Angle to rotate resulting image from vertical center</td></tr>
				1977	<tr valign="top"><td><em>top_radius</em></td>
				1978	<td>Set top edge of source image at this radius</td></tr>
				1979	<tr valign="top"><td><em>bottom_radius</em> </td>
				1980	<td>Set bottom edge to this radius (radial scaling)</td></tr>
				1981	</table>
				1982
				1983	The resulting image is always resized to best fit the resulting image,
				1984	(as if using <a href="#distort" >+distort</a>) while attempting to
				1985	preserve scale and aspect ratio of the original image as much as
				1986	possible with the arguments given by the user. All four arguments will
				1987	be needed to change the overall aspect ratio of an 'Arc'ed image. <br/>
				1988
				1989	This a variation of a polar distortion designed to try to preserve the
				1990	aspect ratio of the image rather than direct Cartesian to Polar
				1991	conversion. </td>
				1992	</tr>
				1993
				1994	<tr valign="top">
				1995	<td valign="top"><kbd>Polar</kbd></td>
				1996	<td valign="top">
				1997	Like '<kbd>Arc</kbd>' but do a complete Cartesian to Polar mapping of
				1998	the image. that is the height of the input image is mapped to the
				1999	radius limits, while the width is wrapped around between the
				2000	angle limits. <br/>
				2001
				2002	Arguments: <em>Rmax,Rmin CenterX,CenterY, start,end_angle</em> <br/>
				2003
				2004	All arguments are optional. With <em>Rmin</em> defaulting to zero, the
				2005	center to the center of the image, and the angles going from -180 (top)
				2006	to +180 (top). If <em>Rmax</em> is given the special value of
				2007	'<code>0</code>', the the distance from the center to the nearest edge
				2008	is used for the radius of the output image, which will ensure the whole
				2009	image is visible (though scaled smaller). However a special value of
				2010	'<code>-1</code>' will use the distance from the center to the furthest
				2011	corner, This may 'clip' the corners from the input rectangular image,
				2012	but will generate the exact reverse of a '<kbd>DePolar</kbd>' with
				2013	the same arguments. <br/>
				2014
				2015	If the plus form of distort (<a href="#distort" >+distort</a>) is used
				2016	output image center will default to <code>0,0</code> of the virtual
				2017	canvas, and the image size adjusted to ensure the whole input image is
				2018	made visible in the output image on the virtual canvas. </td>
				2019
				2020	</tr>
				2021
				2022	<tr valign="top">
				2023	<td valign="top"><kbd>DePolar</kbd></td>
				2024	<td valign="top">
				2025	Uses the same arguments and meanings as a '<kbd>Polar</kbd>' distortion
				2026	but generates the reverse Polar to Cartesian distortion. <br/>
				2027
				2028	The special <em>Rmax</em> setting of '<code>0</code>' may however clip
				2029	the corners of the input image. However using the special
				2030	<em>Rmax</em> setting of '<code>-1</code>' (maximum center to corner
				2031	distance) will ensure the whole distorted image is preserved in the
				2032	generated result, so that the same argument to '<kbd>Polar</kbd>' will
				2033	reverse the distortion re-producing the original.
				2034
				2035	Note that as this distortion requires the area resampling of a circular
				2036	arc, which can not be handled by the builtin EWA resampling function.
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2037	As such the normal EWA filters are turned off. It is recommended some
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2038	form of 'super-sampling' image processing technique be used to produce
				2039	a high quality result. </td>
				2040
				2041	</tr>
				2042
				2043	<tr valign="top">
				2044	<td valign="top"><kbd>Barrel</kbd></td>
				2045	<td valign="top">
				2046	Given the four coefficients (A,B,C,D) as defined by <a
				2047	href="http://www.all-in-one.ee/~dersch/barrel/barrel.html" >Helmut
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2048	Dersch</a>, perform a barrell or pin-cushion distortion appropriate to
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2049	correct radial lens distortions. That is in photographs, make straight
				2050	lines straight again. <br/>
				2051
				2052	Arguments: <em>A   B   C</em>   [ <em>D</em>   [
				2053	<em>X</em> , <em>Y</em> ] ] <br/>
				2054	or <em>A<sub>x</sub> B<sub>x</sub> C<sub>x</sub> D<sub>x</sub>
				2055	A<sub>y</sub> B<sub>y</sub> C<sub>y</sub> D<sub>y</sub></em>
				2056	[ <em>X</em> , <em>Y</em> ] <br/>
				2057	So that it forms the function <br/>
				2058	Rsrc = r * ( <em>A</em>r<sup>3</sup> + <em>B</em>r<sup>2</sup> +
				2059	<em>C</em>*r + <em>D</em> )<br/>
				2060
				2061	Where <em>X</em>,<em>Y</em> is the optional center of the distortion
				2062	(defaulting to the center of the image). <br/>
				2063	The second form is typically used to distort images, rather than
				2064	correct lens distortions. <br/>
				2065	</td>
				2066
				2067	</tr>
				2068
				2069	<tr valign="top">
				2070	<td valign="top"><kbd>BarrelInverse</kbd></td>
				2071	<td valign="top">
				2072	This is very simular to '<kbd>Barrel</kbd>' with the same set of
				2073	arguments, and argument handling. However it uses the inverse
				2074	of the radial polynomial,
				2075	so that it forms the function <br/>
				2076	Rsrc = r / ( <em>A</em>r<sup>3</sup> + <em>B</em>r<sup>2</sup> +
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2077	<em>C</em>*r + <em>D</em> )<br/>
				2078	Note that this is not the reverse of the '<kbd>Barrel</kbd>'
				2079	distortion, just a different barrel-like radial distortion method.
				2080
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2081	</td>
				2082	</tr>
				2083
				2084	<tr valign="top">
				2085	<td valign="top"><kbd>Shepards</kbd></td>
				2086	<td valign="top">
				2087	Distort the given list control points (any number) using an Inverse
				2088	Squared Distance Interpolation Method (<a
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2089	href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepard%27s_method" >Shepards
				2090	Method</a>). The control points in effect do 'localized' displacement
				2091	of the image around the given control point (preserving the look and
				2092	the rotation of the area near the control points. For best results
				2093	extra control points should be added to 'lock' the positions of the
				2094	corners, edges and other unchanging parts of the image, to prevent
				2095	their movement. <br/>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2096
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2097	The distortion has been likened to 'taffy pulling' using nails, or
				2098	pins' stuck in a block of 'jelly' which is then moved to the new
				2099	position, distorting te surface of the jelly. <br/>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2100
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2101	Internally it is equivelent to generating a displacement map (see <a
				2102	href="#displace" >-displace</a>) for source image color look-up using
				2103	the <a href="#sparse-color" >-sparse-color</a> method of the same name.
				2104
				2105	</td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2106	</tr>
				2107
				2108	</table>
				2109
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2110	<p>To print a complete list of distortion methods, use <a href="#list">-list
				2111	distort</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2112
				2113	<p>Many of the above distortion methods such as '<kbd>Affine</kbd>',
				2114	'<kbd>Perspective</kbd>', and '<kbd>Shepards</kbd>' use a list control points
				2115	defining how these points in the given image should be distorted in the
				2116	destination image. Each set of four floating point values represent a source
				2117	image coordinate, followed immediately by the destination image coordinate.
				2118	This produces a list of values such as...</p>
				2119	<div style="text-align: center"><em>
				2120	U<sub>1</sub>,V<sub>1</sub> X<sub>1</sub>,Y<sub>1</sub>
				2121	U<sub>2</sub>,V<sub>2</sub> X<sub>2</sub>,Y<sub>2</sub>
				2122	U<sub>3</sub>,V<sub>3</sub> X<sub>3</sub>,Y<sub>3</sub>
				2123	...
				2124	U<sub>n</sub>,V<sub>n</sub> X<sub>n</sub>,Y<sub>n</sub>
				2125	</em></div>
				2126	<p>where <em>U,V</em> on the source image is mapped to <em>X,Y</em> on the
				2127	destination image. </p>
				2128
				2129	<p>For example, to warp an image using '<kbd>perspective</kbd>' distortion,
				2130	needs a list of at least 4 sets of coordinates, or 16 numbers. Here is the
				2131	perspective distortion of the built-in "rose:" image. Note how spaces were
				2132	used to group the 4 sets of coordinate pairs, to make it easier to read and
				2133	understand.</p>
				2134
				2135	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2136	convert rose: -virtual-pixel black \<br/>
				2137	-distort Perspective '0,0,0,0 0,45,0,45 69,0,60,10 69,45,60,35' \<br/>
				2138	rose_3d_rotated.gif</span></p>
				2139	<p>If more that the required number of coordinate pairs are given for
				2140	a distortion, the distortion method is 'least squares' fitted to produce the
				2141	best result for all the coordinate pairs given. If less than the ideal number
				2142	of points are given, the distort will generally fall back to a simpler form of
				2143	distortion that can handles the smaller number of coordinates (usally a linear
				2144	'<kbd>Affine</kbd>' distortion). </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2145
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2146	<p>By using more coordinates you can make use of image registration tool to
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2147	find matching coordinate pairs in overlapping images, so as to improve the
				2148	'fit' of the distortion. Of course a bad coordinate pair can also make the
				2149	'fit' worse. Caution is always advised. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2150
				2151	<p>Colors are acquired from the source image according to the <a
				2152	href="#interpolate" >-interpolate</a> color lookup setting, when the image is
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2153	magnified. However if the viewed image is minified (image becomes smaller),
				2154	a special area resampling function (added ImageMagick v6.3.5-9), is used to
				2155	produce a higher quality image. For example you can use
				2156	a '<kbd>perspective</kbd>' distortion to view a infinitely tiled 'plane' all
				2157	the way to the horizon. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2158
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2159	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>
				2160	convert -size 90x90 pattern:checkerboard -normalize -virtual-pixel tile \<br/>
				2161	-distort perspective '0,0,5,45 89,0,45,46 0,89,0,89 89,89,89,89' \<br/>
				2162	checks_tiled.jpg</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2163	<p>Note that a infinitely tiled perspective images involving the horizon can
				2164	be very slow to generate due to the use of the high quality 'area resampling'
				2165	function (added ImageMagick v6.3.5-9). You can turn off 'area resampling'
				2166	using a <a href="#filter" >-filter</a> setting of '<kbd>point</kbd>'
				2167	(recommended if you plan to use super-sampling instead). </p>
				2168
				2169	<p>If an image generates <i>invalid pixels</i>, such as the 'sky' in the last
				2170	'<kbd>perspective</kbd>' distortion example, <a href="#distort" >-distort</a>
				2171	will use the current <a href="#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a> setting for these
				2172	pixels. If you do not what these pixels to be visible, set the color to match
				2173	the rest of the ground. </p>
				2174
				2175	<p>The output image size will by default be the same as the input image. This
				2176	means that if the part of the distorted image falls outside the viewed area of
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2177	the 'distorted space', those parts is clipped and lost. However if you use
				2178	the plus form of the operator (<a href="#distort" >+distort</a>) the operator
				2179	will attempt (if possible) to show the whole of the distorted image, while
				2180	retaining a correct 'virtual canvas' offset, for image layering. This offset
				2181	may need to be removed using <a href="#repage" >+repage</a>, to remove if it
				2182	is unwanted. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2183
				2184	<p>You can alternatively specify a special "<kbd><a href="#set" >-set</a>
				2185	option:distort:viewport {geometry_string}</kbd>" setting which will specify
				2186	the size and the offset of the generated 'viewport' image of the distorted
				2187	image space.</p>
				2188
				2189	<p>Adding a "<kbd><a href="#set" >-set</a> option:distort:scale
				2190	{scale_factor}</kbd>" will scale the output image (viewport or otherwise) by
				2191	that factor without changing the viewed contents of the distorted image. This
				2192	can be used either for 'super-sampling' the image for a higher quality result,
				2193	or for panning and zooming around the image (with appropriate viewport
				2194	changes, or post-distort cropping and resizing). </p>
				2195
				2196	<p>Setting <a href="#verbose" >-verbose</a> setting, will cause <a
				2197	href="#distort" >-distort</a> to attempt to output the internal coefficients,
				2198	and the <a href="#fx" >-fx</a> equivalent to the distortion, for expert study,
				2199	and debugging purposes. This many not be available for all distorts. </p>
				2200
				2201	<p>Affine rotations and shears (such as '<kbd>SRT</kbd>' distortion), tend to
				2202	produce a cleaner result that the equivalent <a href="#rotate" >-rotate</a>
				2203	and/or <a href="#shear" >-shear</a> operation, with more control of due to the
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2204	above settings. It is algorithmically slower however, though that may not be
				2205	the case in ImageMagick's implementation. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2206
				2207
				2208	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2209	<h4><a name="dither" id="dither"></a>-dither <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
				2210	</div>
				2211
				2212	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a Riemersma or Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion dither to images when general color reduction is applied via an option, or automagically when saving to specific formats. This enabled by default. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2213
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2214	<p>Dithering places two or more colors in neighboring pixels so that to the eye a closer approximation of the images original color is reproduced. This reduces the number of colors needed to reproduce the image but at the cost of a lower level pattern of colors. Error diffusion dithers can use any set of colors (generated or user defined) to an image. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2215
				2216	<p>Dithering is turned on by default, to turn it off use the plus form of the
				2217	setting, <a href="#dither">+dither</a>. This will also also render PostScript
				2218	without text or graphic aliasing. Disabling dithering often (but not always)
				2219	leads to faster process, a smaller number of colors, but more cartoon like
				2220	image coloring. Generally resulting in 'color banding' effects in areas with
				2221	color gradients. </p>
				2222
				2223	<p>The color reduction operators <a href="#colors">-colors</a>, <a
				2224	href="#monochrome">-monochrome</a>, <a href="#remap ">-remap</a>, and <a href="#posterize">-posterize</a>, apply dithering to images using the reduced color set they created. These operators are also used as part of automatic color reduction when saving images to formats with limited color support, such as <kbd>GIF:</kbd>, <kbd>XBM:</kbd>, and others, so dithering may also be used in these cases. </p>
				2225
				2226	<p>Alternatively you can use <a href="#random-threshold">-random-threshold</a> to generate purely random dither. Or use <a href="#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a> to apply threshold mapped dither patterns, using uniform color maps, rather than specific color maps. </p>
				2227
				2228
				2229	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2230	<h4><a name="draw" id="draw"></a>-draw <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
				2231	</div>
				2232
				2233	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Annotate an image with one or more graphic primitives.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2234
				2235	<p>Use this option to annotate or decorate an image with one or more graphic primitives. The primitives include shapes, text, transformations, and pixel operations.</p>
				2236
				2237	<p>The shape primitives:</p>
				2238
				2239	<pre class="text">
				2240	point x,y
				2241	line x0,y0 x1,y1
				2242	rectangle x0,y0 x1,y1
				2243	roundRectangle x0,y0 x1,y1 wc,hc
				2244	arc x0,y0 x1,y1 a0,a1
				2245	ellipse x0,y0 rx,ry a0,a1
				2246	circle x0,y0 x1,y1
				2247	polyline x0,y0 ... xn,yn
				2248	polygon x0,y0 ... xn,yn
				2249	bezier x0,y0 ... xn,yn
				2250	path path specification
				2251	image operator x0,y0 w,h filename
				2252	</pre>
				2253
				2254	<p>The text primitive:</p>
				2255
				2256	<pre class="text">
				2257	text x0,y0 string
				2258	</pre>
				2259	<p>The text gravity primitive:</p>
				2260
				2261	<pre class="text">
				2262	gravity NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center,
				2263	East, SouthWest, South, or SouthEast
				2264	</pre>
				2265
				2266	<p>The text gravity primitive only affects the placement of text and does not interact with the other primitives. It is equivalent to using the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> command-line option, except that it is limited in scope to the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option in which it appears.</p>
				2267
				2268	<p>The transformation primitives:</p>
				2269
				2270	<pre class="text">
				2271	rotate degrees
				2272	translate dx,dy
				2273	scale sx,sy
				2274	skewX degrees
				2275	skewY degrees
				2276	</pre>
				2277
				2278	<p>The pixel operation primitives:</p>
				2279
				2280	<pre class="text">
				2281	color x0,y0 method
				2282	matte x0,y0 method
				2283	</pre>
				2284
				2285	<p>The shape primitives are drawn in the color specified by the preceding <a href="#fill">-fill</a> setting. For unfilled shapes, use <a href="#fill">-fill none</a>. You can optionally control the stroke (the "outline" of a shape) with the <a href="#stroke">-stroke</a> and <a href="#strokewidth">-strokewidth</a> settings.</p>
				2286
				2287	<p>A <kbd>point</kbd> primitive is specified by a single <em>point</em> in the pixel plane, that is, by an ordered pair of integer coordinates, <em>x</em>,<em>y</em>. (As it involves only a single pixel, a <kbd>point</kbd> primitive is not affected by <a href="#stroke">-stroke</a> or <a href="#strokewidth">-strokewidth</a>.)</p>
				2288
				2289	<p>A <kbd>line</kbd> primitive requires a start point and end point.</p>
				2290
				2291	<p>A <kbd>rectangle</kbd> primitive is specified by the pair of points at the upper left and lower right corners.</p>
				2292
				2293	<p>A <kbd>roundRectangle</kbd> primitive takes the same corner points as a <kbd>rectangle</kbd> followed by the width and height of the rounded corners to be removed.</p>
				2294
				2295	<p>The <kbd>circle</kbd> primitive makes a disk (filled) or circle (unfilled). Give the center and any point on the perimeter (boundary).</p>
				2296
				2297	<p>The <kbd>arc</kbd> primitive is used to inscribe an elliptical segment in to a given rectangle. An <kbd>arc</kbd> requires the two corners used for <kbd>rectangle</kbd> (see above) followed by the start and end angles of the arc of the segment segment (e.g. 130,30 200,100 45,90). The start and end points produced are then joined with a line segment and the resulting segment of an ellipse is filled.</p>
				2298
				2299	<p>Use <kbd>ellipse</kbd> to draw a partial (or whole) ellipse. Give the center point, the horizontal and vertical "radii" (the <em>semi-axes</em> of the ellipse) and start and end angles in degrees (e.g. 100,100 100,150 0,360).</p>
				2300
				2301	<p>The <kbd>polyline</kbd> and <kbd>polygon</kbd> primitives require three or more points to define their perimeters. A <kbd>polyline</kbd> is simply a <kbd>polygon</kbd> in which the final point is not stroked to the start point. When unfilled, this is a <em>polygonal line</em>. If the <a href="#stroke">-stroke</a> setting is <kbd>none</kbd> (the default), then a <kbd>polyline</kbd> is identical to a <kbd>polygon</kbd>.
				2302	</p>
				2303
				2304	<p>A <em>coordinate</em> is a pair of integers separated by a space or optional comma. </p>
				2305
				2306	<p>As an example, to define a circle centered at 100,100 that extends to 150,150 use:</p>
				2307
				2308	<p class="crtsnip">
				2309	-draw 'circle 100,100 150,150'
				2310	</p>
				2311
				2312	<p>The <kbd>Bezier</kbd> primitive creates a spline curve and requires three or points to define its shape. The first and last points are the <em>knots</em> and these points are attained by the curve, while any intermediate coordinates are <em>control points</em>. If two control points are specified, the line between each end knot and its sequentially respective control point determines the tangent direction of the curve at that end. If one control point is specified, the lines from the end knots to the one control point determines the tangent directions of the curve at each end. If more than two control points are specified, then the additional control points act in combination to determine the intermediate shape of the curve. In order to
				2313	draw complex curves, it is highly recommended either to use the <kbd>path</kbd> primitive or to draw multiple four-point bezier segments with the start and end knots of each successive segment repeated. For example:</p>
				2314
				2315	<p class="crtsnip">
				2316	-draw 'bezier 20,50 45,100 45,0 70,50'
				2317	</p>
				2318	<p class="crtsnip">
				2319	-draw 'bezier 70,50 95,100 95,0 120,50'
				2320	</p>
				2321
				2322
				2323	<p>A <kbd>path</kbd> represents an outline of an object, defined in terms of moveto (set a new current point), lineto (draw a straight line), curveto (draw a Bezier curve), arc (elliptical or circular arc) and closepath (close the current shape by drawing a line to the last moveto) elements. Compound paths (i.e., a path with subpaths, each consisting of a single moveto followed by one or more line or curve operations) are possible to allow effects such as <em>donut holes</em> in objects. (See <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/paths.html">Paths</a>.)</p>
				2324
				2325	<p>Use <kbd>image</kbd> to composite an image with another image. Follow the image keyword with the composite operator, image location, image size, and filename:</p>
				2326
				2327	<p class="crtsnip">
				2328	-draw 'image SrcOver 100,100 225,225 image.jpg'
				2329	</p>
				2330
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2331	<p>You can use 0,0 for the image size, which means to use the actual
				2332	dimensions found in the image header. Otherwise, it is scaled to the given
				2333	dimensions. See <a href="../www/compose.html">Alpha Compositing</a> for
				2334	a detailed discussion of alpha composition methods that are available. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2335
				2336	<p>Use <kbd>text</kbd> to annotate an image with text. Follow the text coordinates with a string. If the string has embedded spaces, enclose it in single or double quotes.</p>
				2337
				2338	<p>For example, the following annotates the image with <kbd>Works like magick!</kbd> for an image titled <kbd>bird.miff</kbd>. </p>
				2339
				2340	<p class="crtsnip">
				2341	-draw 'text 100,100 "Works like magick!"'
				2342	</p>
				2343
				2344	<p>See the <a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> option for another convenient way to annotate an image with text.</p>
				2345
				2346	<p>The <kbd>rotate</kbd> primitive rotates subsequent shape primitives and text primitives about the origin of the main image. If the <a href="#region">-region</a> option precedes the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option, the origin for transformations is the upper left corner of the region.</p>
				2347
				2348	<p>The <kbd>translate</kbd> primitive translates subsequent shape and text primitives.</p>
				2349
				2350	<p>The <kbd>scale</kbd> primitive scales them.</p>
				2351
				2352	<p>The <kbd>skewX</kbd> and <kbd>skewY</kbd> primitives skew them with respect to the origin of the main image or the region.</p>
				2353
				2354	<p>The transformations modify the current affine matrix, which is initialized from the initial affine matrix defined by the <a href="#affine">-affine</a> option. Transformations are cumulative within the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option. The initial affine matrix is not affected; that matrix is only changed by the appearance of another <a href="#affine">-affine</a> option. If another <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option appears, the current affine matrix is reinitialized from the initial affine
				2355	matrix.</p>
				2356
				2357	<p>Use the <kbd>color</kbd> primitive to change the color of a pixel to the fill color (see <a href="#fill">-fill</a>). Follow the pixel coordinate with a method:</p>
				2358
				2359	<pre class="text">
				2360	point
				2361	replace
				2362	floodfill
				2363	filltoborder
				2364	reset
				2365	</pre>
				2366
				2367	<p>Consider the target pixel as that specified by your coordinate. The <kbd>point</kbd> method recolors the target pixel. The <kbd>replace</kbd> method recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel. <kbd>Floodfill</kbd> recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel and is a neighbor, whereas <kbd>filltoborder</kbd> recolors any neighbor pixel that is not the border color. Finally, <kbd>reset</kbd> recolors all pixels.</p>
				2368
				2369	<p>Use <kbd>matte</kbd> to the change the pixel matte value to transparent. Follow the pixel coordinate with a method (see the <kbd>color</kbd> primitive for a description of methods). The <kbd>point</kbd> method changes the matte value of the target pixel. The <kbd>replace</kbd> method changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel. <kbd>Floodfill</kbd> changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel and is a neighbor, whereas <kbd>filltoborder</kbd> changes the matte value of any neighbor pixel that is not the border color (<a href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a>). Finally <kbd>reset</kbd> changes the matte value of all pixels.</p>
				2370
				2371	<p>You can set the primitive color, font, and font bounding box color with <a href="#fill">-fill</a>, <a href="#font">-font</a>, and <a href="#box">-box</a> respectively. Options are processed in command line order so be sure to use these options <em>before</em> the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option.</p>
				2372
				2373	<p>Strings that begin with a number must be quoted (e.g. use '1.png' rather than 1.png).</p>
				2374
				2375	<p>Drawing primitives conform to the <a href="../www/magick-vector-graphics.html">Magick Vector Graphics</a> format.</p>
				2376
				2377
				2378	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2379	<h4><a name="edge" id="edge"></a>-edge <em class="arg">radius</em></h4>
				2380	</div>
				2381
				2382	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>detect edges within an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2383
				2384	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2385	<h4><a name="emboss" id="emboss"></a>-emboss <em class="arg">radius</em></h4>
				2386	</div>
				2387
				2388	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>emboss an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2389
				2390	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2391	<h4><a name="encipher" id="encipher"></a>-encipher <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
				2392	</div>
				2393
				2394	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Encipher pixels for later deciphering by <a href="#decipher">-decipher</a>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2395
				2396	<p>Get the passphrase from the file specified by <em class="arg">filename</em>.</p>
				2397
				2398	<p>For more information, see the webpage, <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/www/cipher.html">ImageMagick: Encipher or Decipher an Image</a>.</p>
				2399
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2400
				2401
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2402	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2403	<h4><a name="encoding" id="encoding"></a>-encoding <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				2404	</div>
				2405
				2406	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the text encoding.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2407
				2408	<p>Choose from <kbd>AdobeCustom</kbd>, <kbd>AdobeExpert</kbd>, <kbd>AdobeStandard</kbd>, <kbd>AppleRoman</kbd>, <kbd>BIG5</kbd>, <kbd>GB2312</kbd>, <kbd>Latin 2</kbd>, <kbd>None</kbd>, <kbd>SJIScode</kbd>, <kbd>Symbol</kbd>, <kbd>Unicode</kbd>, <kbd>Wansung</kbd>.</p>
				2409
				2410	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2411	<h4><a name="endian" id="endian"></a>-endian <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				2412	</div>
				2413
				2414	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify endianness (<kbd>MSB</kbd> or <kbd>LSB</kbd>) of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2415
				2416	<p>To print a complete list of endian types, use the <a href="#list">-list endian</a> option.</p>
				2417
				2418	<p>Use <a href="#endian">+endian</a> to revert to unspecified endianness.</p>
				2419
				2420
				2421	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2422	<h4><a name="enhance" id="enhance"></a>-enhance</h4>
				2423	</div>
				2424
				2425	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a digital filter to enhance a noisy image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2426
				2427
				2428	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2429	<h4><a name="equalize" id="equalize"></a>-equalize</h4>
				2430	</div>
				2431
				2432	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>perform histogram equalization on the image channel-by-channel.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2433
				2434	<p>To perform histogram equalization on all channels in concert, transform the image into some other color space, such as HSL, OHTA, YIQ or YUV, then equalize the appropriate intensity-like channel, then convert back to RGB.</p>
				2435
				2436	<p>For example using HSL, we have: ... <kbd>-colorspace HSL -channel lightness -equalize -colorspace RGB</kbd> ...</p>
				2437
				2438	<p>For YIQ, YUV and OHTA use the red channel. For example, OHTA is a principal components transformation that puts most of the information in the first channel. Here we have ... <kbd>-colorspace OHTA -channel red -equalize -colorspace RGB</kbd> ...</p>
				2439
				2440	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2441	<h4><a name="evaluate" id="evaluate"></a>-evaluate <em class="arg">operator value</em></h4>
				2442	</div>
				2443
				2444	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Alter channel pixels by evaluating an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2445
				2446	<p>(See the <a href="#function" >-function</a> operator for some multi-parameter functions. See the <a href="#fx" >-fx</a> operator if more elaborate calculations are needed.)</p>
				2447
				2448	<p>The behaviors of each <em class="arg">operator</em> are summarized in the following list. For brevity, the numerical value of a "pixel" referred to below is the value of the corresponding channel of that pixel, while a "normalized pixel" is that number divided by the maximum (installation-dependent) value <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>. (If normalized pixels are used, they are restored, following the other calculations, to the full range by multiplying by <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.)</p>
				2449
				2450	<table class="doc">
				2451	<col width="25%" />
				2452	<col width="75%" />
				2453	<thead>
				2454	<tr>
				2455	<th><em class="arg">operator</em></th>
				2456	<th>Summary (see further below for details)</th>
				2457	</tr>
				2458	</thead>
				2459	<tbody>
				2460
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2461	<tr><td>Abs </td> <td>Add <em class="arg">value</em> to pixels and return absolute value. </td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2462	<tr><td>Add </td> <td>Add <em class="arg">value</em> to pixels. </td></tr>
				2463	<tr><td>AddModulus </td> <td>Add <em class="arg">value</em> to pixels modulo <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.</td></tr>
				2464	<tr><td>And </td> <td>Binary AND of pixels with <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2465	<tr><td>Cos, Cosine </td> <td>Apply cosine to pixels with frequency <em class="arg">value</em> with 50% bias added.</td></tr>
				2466	<tr><td>Divide </td> <td>Divide pixels by <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2467	<tr><td>LeftShift </td> <td>Shift the pixel values left by <em class="arg">value</em> bits (i.e., multiply pixels by 2<sup><em class="arg">value</em></sup>).</td></tr>
				2468	<tr><td>Log </td> <td>Apply scaled logarithm to normalized pixels.</td></tr>
				2469	<tr><td>Max </td> <td>Clip pixels at lower bound <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
cristy	63fed27	2010-03-07 19:08:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2470	<tr><td>Mean </td> <td>Add the <em class="arg">value</em> and divide by 2.</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2471	<tr><td>Min </td> <td>Clip pixels at upper bound <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2472	<tr><td>Multiply </td> <td>Multiply pixels by <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2473	<tr><td>Or </td> <td>Binary OR of pixels with <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2474	<tr><td>Pow </td> <td>Raise normalized pixels to the power <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2475	<tr><td>RightShift </td> <td>Shift the pixel values right by <em class="arg">value</em> bits (i.e., divide pixels by 2<sup><em class="arg">value</em></sup>).</td></tr>
				2476	<tr><td>Set </td> <td>Set pixel equal to <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2477	<tr><td>Sin, Sine </td> <td>Apply sine to pixels with frequency <em class="arg">value</em> with 50% bias added.</td></tr>
				2478	<tr><td>Subtract </td> <td>Subtract <em class="arg">value</em> from pixels.</td></tr>
				2479	<tr><td>Xor </td> <td>Binary XOR of pixels with <em class="arg">value.</em></td></tr>
				2480
				2481	<tr><td> </td></tr>
				2482
				2483	<tr><td>Gaussian-noise</td></tr>
				2484	<tr><td>Impulse-noise</td></tr>
				2485	<tr><td>Laplacian-noise</td></tr>
				2486	<tr><td>Multiplicative-noise</td> <td>(These are equivalent to the corresponding <a href="#noise" >-noise</a> operators.)</td></tr>
				2487	<tr><td>PoissonNoise</td></tr>
				2488	<tr><td>Uniform-noise</td></tr>
				2489
				2490	<tr><td> </td></tr>
				2491
				2492	<tr><td>Threshold </td> <td>Threshold pixels larger than <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2493	<tr><td>ThresholdBlack </td> <td>Threshold pixels to zero values equal to or below <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2494	<tr><td>ThresholdWhite </td> <td>Threshold pixels to maximum values above <em class="arg">value</em>. </td></tr>
				2495	</tbody>
				2496	</table>
				2497
				2498	<p>The specified functions are applied only to each previously set <a
				2499	href="#channel" >-channel</a> in the image. If necessary, the results of the
				2500	calculations are truncated (clipped) to fit in the interval [0, <em
				2501	class="QR">QuantumRange</em>]. The transparency channel of the image is
				2502	represented as a 'alpha' values (0 = fully transparent), so, for example, a
				2503	<kbd>Divide</kbd> by 2 of the alpha channel will make the image
				2504	semi-transparent. Append the percent symbol '<kbd>%</kbd>' to specify a value
				2505	as a percentage of the <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.</p>
				2506
				2507	<p>To print a complete list of <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operators, use
				2508	<a href="#list">-list evaluate</a>.</p>
				2509
				2510	<p>The results of the <kbd>Add</kbd>, <kbd>Subtract</kbd> and
				2511	<kbd>Multiply</kbd> methods can also be achieved using either the <a
				2512	href="#level" >-level</a> or the <a href="#level" >+level</a> operator, with
				2513	appropriate argument, to linearly modify the overall range of color values.
				2514	Please note, however, that <a href="#level" >-level</a> treats transparency as
				2515	'matte' values (0 = opaque), while <a href="#level" >-evaluate</a> works with
				2516	'alpha' values.</p>
				2517
				2518	<p><kbd>AddModulus</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.8-4 and provides addition modulo the <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>. It is therefore equivalent to <kbd>Add</kbd> unless the resulting pixel value is outside the interval [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>]. </p>
				2519
				2520	<p><kbd>Log</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.2-1 and works on normalized pixel values. This a <em>scaled</em> log function. The <em class="arg">value</em> used with <kbd>Log</kbd> provides a <em>scaling factor</em> that adjusts the curvature in the graph of the log function. The formula applied to a normalized value <b><em>u</em></b> is below. </p>
				2521
				2522	<div style="text-align:center;">
				2523	log(<em class="arg">value</em> × <b><em>u</em></b> + 1) / log(<em class="arg">value</em> + 1)
				2524	</div>
				2525
				2526	<p><kbd>Pow</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.1-9, and works on
				2527	normalized pixel values. Note that <kbd>Pow</kbd> is related to the <a
				2528	href="#gamma" >-gamma</a> operator. For example, <b>-gamma 2</b> is equivalent
				2529	to <b>-evaluate pow 0.5</b>, i.e., a 'square root' function. The value used
				2530	with <a href="#gamma" >-gamma</a> is simply the reciprocal of the value used
				2531	with <kbd>Pow</kbd>.</p>
				2532
				2533	<p><kbd>Cosine</kbd> and <kbd>Sine</kbd> was added as of IM v6.4.8-8 and
				2534	converts the image values into a value according to a (co)sine wave function.
				2535	The synonyms <kbd>Cos</kbd> and <kbd>Sin</kbd> may also be used. The output
				2536	is biased 50% and normalized by 50% so as to fit in the respective color value
				2537	range. The <em class="arg">value</em> scaling of the <em>period</em> of the
				2538	function (its frequency), and thus determines the number of 'waves' that will
				2539	be generated over the input color range. For example, if the <em
				2540	class="arg">value</em> is 1, the effective period is simply the <em
				2541	class="QR">QuantumRange</em>; but if the <em class="arg">value</em> is 2,
				2542	then the effective period is the <em>half</em> the <em
				2543	class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.
				2544
				2545	<div style="text-align:center;">
				2546	0.5 + 0.5 × cos(2 π <b><em>u</em></b> × <em class="arg">value</em>).
				2547	</div>
				2548
				2549	See also the <a href="#function" >-function</a> operator, which is a
				2550	multi-value version of evaluate. </P>
				2551
cristy	63fed27	2010-03-07 19:08:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2552	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2553	<h4><a name="evaluate-sequence" id="evaluate-sequence"></a>-evaluate-sequence <em class="arg">operator</em></h4>
				2554	</div>
				2555
				2556	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Alter channel pixels by evaluating an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression over a sequence of images.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2557
				2558	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2559	<h4><a name="extent" id="extent"></a>-extent <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				2560	</div>
				2561
				2562	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the image size and offset.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2563
cristy	3e2860c	2010-01-24 01:36:30 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2564	<p>If the image is enlarged, unfilled areas are set to the background color. To position the image, use offsets in the <em class="arg">geometry</em> specification or precede with a <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting. To specify how to compose the image with the background, use <a href="#compose" >-compose</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2565
				2566	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				2567
				2568	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2569	<h4><a name="extract" id="extract"></a>-extract <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				2570	</div>
				2571
				2572	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Extract the specified area from image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2573
				2574	<p>This option is most useful for extracting a subregion of a very large raw image. Note that these two commands are equivalent:</p>
				2575
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2576	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -extract 640x480+1280+960 \ <br/> image.rgb image.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 'image.rgb[640x480+1280+960]' \ <br/> image.rgb image.png</span></p><p>If you omit the offsets, as in</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2577
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2578	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -extract 640x480 \ <br/> image.rgb image.png</span></p>
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2579	<p>the image is <em>resized</em> to the specified dimensions instead,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2580	equivalent to:</p>
				2581
				2582	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -resize 640x480 image.rgb image.png</span></p>
				2583	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				2584
				2585	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2586	<h4><a name="family" id="family"></a>-family <em class="arg">fontFamily</em></h4>
				2587	</div>
				2588
				2589	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a font family for text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2590
				2591	<p>This setting suggests a font family that ImageMagick should try to use for rendering text. If the family can be found it is used; if not, a default font (e.g., "Arial") or a family known to be similar is substituted (e.g., "Courier" might be used if "System" is requested but not found).
				2592	</p>
				2593
				2594	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, <a href="#style">-style</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>.
				2595	</p>
				2596
				2597	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	7396d88	2010-01-27 02:37:56 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2598	<h4><a name="features" id="features"></a>-features <em class="arg">distance</em></h4>
				2599	</div>
				2600
				2601	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>display features for each channel in the image in each of four directions (horizontal, vertical, left and right diagonals) for the specified distance.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2602
				2603	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2604	<h4><a name="fft" id="fft"></a>-fft</h4>
				2605	</div>
				2606
				2607	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>implements the forward discrete Fourier transform (DFT).</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2608
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2609	<p>This option is new as of ImageMagick 6.5.4-3 (and now working for Windows users in ImageMagick 6.6.0-9). It transforms an image from the normal (spatial) domain to the frequency domain. In the frequency domain, an image is represented as a superposition of complex sinusoidal waves of varying amplitudes. The image x and y coordinates are the possible frequencies along the x and y directions, respectively, and the pixel intensity values are complex numbers that correspond to the sinusoidal wave amplitudes. See for example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform" target="_blank">Fourier Transform</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFT" target="_blank">Discrete Fourier Transform</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFT" target="_blank">Fast Fourier Transform</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2610
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2611	<p>A single image name is provided as output for this option. However, the output result will have two components. It is either a two-frame image or two separate images, depending upon whether the image format specified supports multi-frame images. The reason that we get a dual output result is because the frequency domain represents an image using complex numbers, which cannot be visualized directly. Therefore, the complex values are automagically separated into a two-component image representation. The first component is the magnitude of the complex number and the second is the phase of the complex number. See for example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_numbers" target="_blank">Complex Numbers</a>.<p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2612
				2613	<p>The magnitude and phase component images must be specified using image formats that do not limit the color or compress the image. Thus, MIFF, TIF, PFM, EXR and PNG are the recommended image formats to use. All of these formats, except PNG support multi-frame images. So for example,</p>
				2614
				2615	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -fft fft_image.miff</span></p>
				2616	<p>generates a magnitude image as <kbd>fft_image.miff[0]</kbd> and a phase image as <kbd>fft_image.miff[1]</kbd>. Similarly,</p>
				2617
				2618	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -fft fft_image.png</span></p>
				2619	<p>generates a magnitude image as <kbd>fft_image-0.png</kbd> and a phase image as <kbd>fft_image-1.png</kbd>. If you prefer this representation, then you can force any of the other formats to produce two output images by including <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> following -fft in the command line.</p>
				2620
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2621	<p>The input image can be any size, but if not square and even-dimensioned, it is padded automagically to the larger of the width or height of the input image and to an even number of pixels. The padding will occur at the bottom and/or right sides of the input image. The resulting output magnitude and phase images is square at this size. The kind of padding relies on the <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2622
				2623	<p>Both output components will have dynamic ranges that fit within [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>], so that HDRI need not be enabled. Phase values nominally range from 0 to 2*π, but for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick, the phase image is scaled to span the full dynamic range. The magnitude image is not scaled and thus generally will contain very small values. As such, the image normally will appear totally black. In order to view any detail, the magnitude image typically is enhanced with a log function into what is usually called the spectrum. A log function is used to enhance the darker values more in comparison to the lighter values. This can be done, for example, as follows:</p>
				2624
				2625	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert fft_image.miff[0] -contrast-stretch 0 \ <br />
				2626	-evaluate log 1000 fft_image_spectrum.png</span></p>
				2627	<p>where the <a href="#contrast-stretch">-contrast-stretch</a> 0 is used to scale the image to full dynamic range, first. The argument to the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> log typically is specified between 100 and 10,000, depending upon the amount of detail that one wants to bring out in the spectrum. Larger values produce more visible detail. Too much detail, however, may hide the important features.</p>
				2628
				2629	<p>The <a href="http://www.fftw.org/" target="_blank">FFTW</a> delegate library is required to use <a href="#fft">-fft</a>.
				2630
				2631	<p>Use <a href="#fft">+fft</a> to produce two output images that are the real and imaginary components of the complex valued Fourier transform.</p>
				2632
				2633	<p>However, as the real and imaginary components can contain negative values, this requires that IM be configured with HDRI enabled. In this case, you must use either MIFF, TIF or PFM formats for the real and imaginary component results, since they are formats that preserve both negative and fractional values without clipping them or truncating the fractional part.</p>
				2634
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2635	<p>The real and imaginary component images resulting from <a href="#fft">+fft</a> is also square, even dimensioned images due to the same padding that was discussed above for the magnitude and phase component images.</a>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2636
				2637	<p>See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page
				2638	<a href="/www/high-dynamic-range.html">High Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri">Usage</a> pages or this <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a> entry.
				2639	</p>
				2640
				2641
				2642	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2643	<h4><a name="fill" id="fill"></a>-fill <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				2644	</div>
				2645
				2646	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>color to use when filling a graphic primitive.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2647
				2648	<p>This option accepts a color name, a hex color, or a numerical RGB, RGBA, HSL, HSLA, CMYK, or CMYKA specification. See <a href="../www/color.html">Color Names</a> for a description of how to properly specify the color argument.</p>
				2649
				2650	<p>Enclose the color specification in quotation marks to prevent the "#" or the parentheses from being interpreted by your shell.</p>
				2651
				2652	<p>For example,</p>
				2653
				2654	<p class="crtsnip">
				2655	-fill blue
				2656	</p>
				2657	<p class="crtsnip">
				2658	-fill "#ddddff"
				2659	</p>
				2660	<p class="crtsnip">
				2661	-fill "rgb(255,255,255)"
				2662	</p>
				2663
				2664	<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				2665
				2666	<p>To print a complete list of color names, use the <a href="#list">-list color</a> option.</p>
				2667
				2668	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2669	<h4><a name="filter" id="filter"></a>-filter <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				2670	</div>
				2671
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2672	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Use this <em class="arg">type</em> of filter when resizing or
				2673	distorting an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2674
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2675	<p>Use this option to affect the resizing operation of an image during
				2676	operations such as <a href="#resize">-resize</a> and <a href="#distort"
				2677	>-distort</a>. For example you can use a simple resize filter such as:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2678
				2679	<pre class="text">
				2680	Point Hermite Cubic
				2681	Box Gaussian Catrom
				2682	Triangle Quadratic Mitchell
				2683	</pre>
				2684
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2685	<p>The <kbd>Bessel</kbd> and <kbd>Sinc</kbd> filter is also provided (as well
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2686	as a faster <kbd>SincFast</kbd> equivalent form). However these filters are
				2687	generally useless on their own as they are infinite filters that are being
				2688	clipped to the filters support size. Their direct use is not recommended
				2689	except via expert settings (see below). </p>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2690
				2691	Instead these special filter functions are typically windowed by a windowing
				2692	function that the <a href="#filter" >-filter</a> setting defines. That is
				2693	using these functions will define a 'Windowed' filter, appropriate to the
				2694	operator involved. Windowed filters include: </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2695
				2696	<pre class="text">
				2697	Lanczos Hamming Parzen
				2698	Blackman Kaiser Welsh
				2699	Hanning Bartlett Bohman
				2700	</pre>
				2701
				2702	<p>Also one special self-windowing filter is also provided
				2703	<kbd>Lagrange</kbd>, which will automagically re-adjust its function depending
				2704	on the current 'support' or 'lobes' expert settings (see below).</p>
				2705
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2706	<p>If you do not select a filter with this option, the filter defaults to
				2707	<kbd>Mitchell</kbd> for a colormapped image, a image with a matte channel, or
				2708	if the image is enlarged. Otherwise the filter default to
				2709	<kbd>Lanczos</kbd>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2710
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2711	<p>To print a complete list of resize filters, use the <a href="#list">-list
				2712	filter</a> option.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2713
				2714	<p>You can modify how the filter behaves as it scales your image through the
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2715	use of these expert settings (see also <a href="#define" >-define</a> and <a
				2716	href="#set" >-set</a>):-</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2717
				2718	<dl class="doc">
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2719	<dt>-define filter:blur=<em>factor</em></dt>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2720	<dd>Scale the X axis of the filter (and its window). Use > 1.0 for
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2721	blurry or < 1.0 for sharp. This should only be used with Gaussian and
				2722	Gaussian-like filters simple filters, or you may not get the expected
				2723	results. </dd>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2724
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2725	<dt>-define filter:support=<em>radius</em></dt>
				2726	<dd>Set the filter support radius. Defines how large the filter should be and
				2727	thus directly defines how slow the filtered resampling process is. All
				2728	filters have a default 'prefered' support size. Some filters like
				2729	<kbd>Lagrange</kbd> and windowed filters adjust themselves depending on
				2730	this value. With simple filters this value either does nothing (but slow
				2731	the resampling), or will clip the filter function in a detrimental way.
				2732	</dd>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2733
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2734	<dt>-define filter:lobes=<em>count</em></dt>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2735	<dd>Set the number of lobes to use for the Sinc/Bessel filter. This an
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2736	alternative way of specifying the 'support' range of the filter, that is
				2737	designed to be more suited to windowed filters, especially when used for
				2738	image distorts.</dd>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2739
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2740	<dt>-define filter:b=<em>b-spline_factor</em></dt>
				2741	<dt>-define filter:c=<em>keys_alpha_factor</em></dt>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2742	<dd>Redefine the values used for cubic filters such as <kbd>Cubic</kbd>,
				2743	<kbd>Catrom</kbd>, <kbd>Mitchel</kbd>, and <kbd>Hermite</kbd>, as well as
				2744	the <kbd>Parzen</kbd> Sinc windowing function. If only one of the values
				2745	are defined, the other is set so as to generate a 'Keys' type cubic
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2746	filter. Values meaning was defined by a research paper by
				2747	Mitchell-Netravali.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2748
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2749	<dt>-define filter:filter=<em>filter_function</em></dt>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2750	<dd>Use this function directly as the scaling filter. This will allow
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2751	you to directly use a windowing filter such as <kbd>Blackman</kbd>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2752	rather than as its normal usage as a windowing function for 'Sinc' or
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2753	'Bessel' functions. If defined, no windowing function is used, unless the
				2754	following expert setting is also defined.</dd>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2755
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2756	<dt>-define filter:window=<em>filter_function</em></dt>
				2757	<dd>The IIR (infinite impulse response) filters <kbd>Bessel</kbd> and
				2758	<kbd>Sinc</kbd> are windowed (brought down to zero over the defined
				2759	support range) with the given filter. This allows you to specify a filter
				2760	function that is not normally used as a windowing function, such as
				2761	<kbd>Box</kbd>, (which effectively turns off the windowing function),
				2762	to window a <kbd>Sinc</kbd>, or the function the previous setting defined.
				2763	</dd>
				2764
				2765	<dt>-define filter:verbose=<em>1</em></dt>
				2766	<dd>This causes IM to print information on the final internal filter
				2767	selection to standard output. This includes a commented header on the
				2768	filter settings being used, and data allowing the filter weights to be
				2769	easily graphed. </dd>
				2770
				2771	<dd>Note however that some filters are internally defined in terms of other
				2772	filters. The <kbd>Lanczos</kbd> filter for example is defined in terms of
				2773	a <kbd>SincFast</kbd> windowed <kbd>SincFast</kbd> filter, while
				2774	<kbd>Mitchell</kbd> is defined as a <kbd>Cubic</kbd> filter with specific
				2775	'B' and 'C' settings. </dd>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2776
				2777	</dl>
				2778
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2779	<p>For example, to get a 8 lobe Bessel windowed Bessel filter:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2780
				2781	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -filter bessel \ <br/>
				2782	-set filter:window=bessel -set filter:lobes=8 \ <br/>
				2783	-resize 150% image.jpg</span></p>
				2784	<p>Or a raw un-windowed Sinc filter with 4 lobes:</p>
				2785
				2786	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -set filter:filter=sinc -set filter:lobes=4 \ <br/>
				2787	-resize 150% image.jpg</span></p>
				2788	<p>Note that the use of expert options (except for 'blur' with simple resize
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2789	filters, and 'verbose' for viewing the internal filter selection), are
				2790	provided for image processing experts who have studied and understood how
				2791	resize filters work. Without this knowledge, and an understanding of the
				2792	definition of the actual filters involved, using expert settings are more
				2793	likely to be detrimental to your image resizing.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2794
				2795
				2796	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2797	<h4><a name="flatten" id="flatten"></a>-flatten</h4>
				2798	</div>
				2799
				2800	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>This is a simple alias for the <a href="#layers" >-layers</a> method "flatten".</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2801
				2802
				2803	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2804	<h4><a name="flip" id="flip"></a>-flip</h4>
				2805	</div>
				2806
				2807	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>create a <em>mirror image</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2808
				2809	<p>reflect the scanlines in the vertical direction.</p>
				2810
				2811	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2812	<h4><a name="floodfill" id="floodfill"></a>-floodfill {<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em> <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				2813	</div>
				2814
				2815	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>floodfill the image with color at the specified offset. Using <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> to floodfill pixels which only change by a small amount.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2816
				2817	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2818	<h4><a name="flop" id="flop"></a>-flop</h4>
				2819	</div>
				2820
				2821	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>create a <em>mirror image</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2822
				2823	<p>reflect the scanlines in the horizontal direction.</p>
				2824
				2825
				2826	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2827	<h4><a name="font" id="font"></a>-font <em class="arg">name</em></h4>
				2828	</div>
				2829
				2830	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the font to use when annotating images with text, or creating labels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2831
				2832	<p>To print a complete list of fonts, use the <a href="#list">-list font</a> option (for versions prior to 6.3.6, use 'type' instead of 'font').</p>
				2833
				2834	<p>In addition to the fonts specified by the above pre-defined list, you can
				2835	also specify a font from a specific source. For example <kbd>Arial.ttf</kbd>
				2836	is a TrueType font file, <kbd>ps:helvetica</kbd> is PostScript font, and
				2837	<kbd>x:fixed</kbd> is X11 font.</p>
				2838
				2839	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, <a href="#style">-style</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
				2840
				2841
				2842	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2843	<h4><a name="foreground" id="foreground"></a>-foreground <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				2844	</div>
				2845
				2846	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Define the foreground color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2847
				2848	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				2849
				2850	<p>The default foreground color is black.</p>
				2851
				2852	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2853	<h4><a name="format" id="format"></a>-format <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				2854	</div>
				2855
				2856	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the image format type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2857
				2858	<p>When used with the <kbd>mogrify</kbd> utility, this option converts any image to the image <a href="/www/formats.html">format</a> you specify. For a list of image format types supported by ImageMagick, use <a href="#list">-list format</a>.</p>
				2859
				2860	<p>By default the file is written to its original name. However, if the filename extension matches a supported format, the extension is replaced with the image format type specified with <a href="#format">-format</a>. For example, if you specify <em class="arg">tiff</em> as the format type and the input image filename is <em class="arg">image.gif</em>, the output image filename becomes <em class="arg">image.tiff</em>.</p>
				2861
				2862	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2863	<h4><a name="format_identify_" id="format_identify_"></a>-format <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
				2864	</div>
				2865
				2866	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>output formatted image characteristics.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/identify.html">identify</a>]</td></tr></table>
				2867
				2868	<p>See <a href="../www/escape.html">Format and Print Image Properties</a> for an explanation on how to specify the argument to this option.</p>
				2869
				2870	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2871	<h4><a name="frame" id="frame"></a>-frame <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				2872	</div>
				2873
				2874	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Surround the image with a border or beveled frame.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2875
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2876	<p>The color of the border is specified with the <a href="#mattecolor"
				2877	>-mattecolor</a> command line option. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2878
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2879	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the <em
				2880	class="arg">geometry</em> argument indicates the amount of extra width and
				2881	height that is added to the dimensions of the image. If no offsets are given
				2882	in the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument, then the border added is
				2883	a solid color. Offsets <em>x</em> and <em>y</em>, if present, specify that
				2884	the width and height of the border is partitioned to form an outer bevel of
				2885	thickness <em>x</em> pixels and an inner bevel of thickness
				2886	<em>y</em> pixels. Negative offsets make no sense as frame arguments.
				2887	</p>
				2888
				2889	<p>The <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option is affected by the current <a
				2890	href="#compose">-compose</a> setting and assumes that this is using the default
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2891	'<kbd>Over</kbd>' composition method. It generates a image of the appropriate
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2892	size with the current <a href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting, and then
				2893	draws the frame of four distinct colors close to the current <a
				2894	href="#mattecolor">-mattecolor</a>. The original image is then overlaid onto
				2895	center of this image. This means that with the default compose method of
				2896	'<kbd>Over</kbd>' any transparent parts may be replaced by the current <a
				2897	href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
				2898
				2899	<p>The image composition is not
				2900	affected by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2901
				2902
				2903	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2904	<h4><a name="frame_import_" id="frame_import_"></a>-frame</h4>
				2905	</div>
				2906
				2907	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>include the X window frame in the imported image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/import.html">import</a>]</td></tr></table>
				2908
				2909	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2910	<h4><a name="function" id="function"></a>-function <em class="arg">function</em> <em class="arg">parameters</em></h4>
				2911	</div>
				2912
				2913	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a function to channel values.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2914
				2915	<p>This operator performs calculations based on the given arguments to modify each of the color values for each previously set <a href="#channel">-channel</a> in the image. See <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> for details concerning how the results of the calculations are handled.</p>
				2916
				2917	<p>This is can be considered a multi-argument version of the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator. (Added in ImageMagick 6.4.8−8.)</p>
				2918
				2919	<p>Here, <em class="arg">parameters</em> is a comma-separated list of numerical values. The number of values varies depending on which <em class="arg">function</em> is selected. Choose the <em class="arg">function</em> from:</p>
				2920
				2921	<pre class="text">
				2922	Polynomial
				2923	Sinusoid
				2924	Arcsin
				2925	Arctan
				2926	</pre>
				2927
				2928	<p>To print a complete list of <a href="#function">-function</a> operators, use <a href="#list">-list function</a>. Descriptions follow.</p>
				2929
				2930	<dl class="doc">
				2931	<dt><kbd>Polynomial</kbd></dt>
				2932	<dd>
				2933	<p>The <kbd>Polynomial</kbd> function takes an arbitrary number of parameters, these being the coefficients of a polynomial, in decreasing order of degree. That is, entering</p>
				2934
				2935	<div style="text-align: center">
				2936	-function Polynomial <em>a</em><sub><em>n</em></sub>,<em>a</em><sub><em>n</em>-1</sub>,...<em>a</em><sub>1</sub>,<em>a</em><sub>0</sub>
				2937	</div>
				2938
				2939	<p>will invoke a polynomial function given by</p>
				2940
				2941	<div style="text-align: center">
				2942	<em>a</em><sub><em>n</em></sub> <b><em>u</em></b><sup><em>n</em></sup> +
				2943	<em>a</em><sub><em>n</em>-1</sub> <b><em>u</em></b><sup><em>n</em>-1</sup> +
				2944	··· <em>a</em><sub>1</sub> <b><em>u</em></b> + <em>a</em><sub>0</sub>,
				2945	</div>
				2946
				2947	<p>where <b><em>u</em></b> is pixel's original normalized channel value.</p>
				2948
				2949	<p>The <kbd>Polynomial</kbd> function can be used in place of <kbd>Set</kbd> (the <em>constant</em> polynomial) and <kbd>Add</kbd>, <kbd>Divide</kbd>, <kbd>Multiply</kbd>, and <kbd>Subtract</kbd> (some <em>linear</em> polynomials) of the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator. The <a href="#level">-level</a> operator also affects channels linearly. Some correspondences follow.</p>
				2950
				2951	<table class="doc">
				2952	<col width="35%" />
				2953	<col width="35%" />
				2954	<col width="30%" />
				2955	<tr>
				2956	<td>-evaluate Set <em class="arg">value</em> </td>
				2957	<td>-function Polynomial <em class="arg">value</em></td>
				2958	<td>(Constant functions; set <em class="arg">value</em>×100% gray when channels are RGB.)</td>
				2959	</tr>
				2960	<tr>
				2961	<td>-evaluate Add <em class="arg">value</em> </td>
				2962	<td>-function Polynomial 1,<em class="arg">value</em></td>
				2963	</tr>
				2964	<tr>
				2965	<td>-evaluate Subtract <em class="arg">value</em> </td>
				2966	<td>-function Polynomial 1,−<em class="arg">value</em></td>
				2967	</tr>
				2968	<tr>
				2969	<td>-evaluate Multiply <em class="arg">value</em> </td>
				2970	<td>-function Polynomial <em class="arg">value</em>,0</td>
				2971	</tr>
				2972	<tr>
				2973	<td>+level black% x white%</td>
				2974	<td>-function Polynomial A,B</td>
				2975	<td>(Reduce contrast. Here, A=(white-black)/100 and B=black/100.)</td>
				2976	</tr>
				2977	</table>
				2978
				2979	<p>The <kbd>Polynomial</kbd> function gives great versatility, since polynomials can be used to fit any continuous curve to any degree of accuracy desired.</p>
				2980	</dd>
				2981
				2982	<dt><kbd>Sinusoid</kbd></dt>
				2983	<dd>
				2984	<p>The <kbd>Sinusoid</kbd> function can be used to vary the channel values sinusoidally by setting frequency, phase shift, amplitude, and a bias. These values are given as one to four parameters, as follows,</p>
				2985
				2986	<div style="text-align: center">
				2987	-function <kbd>Sinusoid</kbd> <em class="arg">freq</em>,[<em class="arg">phase</em>,[<em class="arg">amp</em>,[<em class="arg">bias</em>]]]
				2988	</div>
				2989
				2990	<p>where <em>phase</em> is in degrees. (The domain [0,1] of the function corresponds to 0 through <em class="arg">freq</em>×360 degrees.) The result is that if a pixel's normalized channel value is originally <b><em>u</em></b>, its resulting normalized value is given by </p>
				2991
				2992	<div style="text-align: center">
				2993	<em class="arg">amp</em> * sin(2π (<em class="arg">freq</em> * <b><em>u</em></b> + <em class="arg">phase</em> / 360)) + <em class="arg">bias</em>
				2994	</div>
				2995
				2996	<p> For example, the following generates a curve that starts and ends at 0.9 (when <b><em>u</em></b>=0 and 1, resp.), oscillating three times between .7−.2=.5 and .7+.2=.9. </p>
				2997
				2998	<p class="crtsnip">
				2999	-function Sinusoid 3,-90,.2,.7
				3000	</p>
				3001
				3002	<p>The default values of <em class="arg">amp</em> and <em class="arg">bias</em> are both .5. The default for <em class="arg">phase</em> is 0.</p>
				3003
				3004	<p>The <kbd>Sinusoid</kbd> function generalizes <kbd>Sin</kbd> and <kbd>Cos</kbd> of the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator by allowing varying amplitude, phase and bias. The correspondence is as follows.</p>
				3005
				3006	<table class="doc">
				3007	<tr>
				3008	<td>-evaluate Sin <em class="arg">freq</em> </td>
				3009	<td>-function Sinusoid <em class="arg">freq</em>,0 </td>
				3010	</tr>
				3011	<tr>
				3012	<td>-evaluate Cos <em class="arg">freq</em> </td>
				3013	<td>-function Sinusoid <em class="arg">freq</em>,90 </td>
				3014	</tr>
				3015	</table>
				3016	</dd>
				3017
				3018	<dt><kbd>ArcSin</kbd></dt>
				3019	<dd>
				3020	<p>The <kbd>ArcSin</kbd> function generates the inverse curve of a Sinusoid,
				3021	and can be used to generate cylindrical distortion and displacement maps.
				3022	The curve can be adjusted relative to both the input values and output range
				3023	of values.
				3024
				3025	<div style="text-align: center">
				3026	-function <kbd>ArcSin</kbd> <em class="arg">width</em>,[<em class="arg">center</em>,[<em class="arg">range</em>,[<em class="arg">bias</em>]]]
				3027	</div>
				3028
				3029	<p>with all values given in terms of noramlize color values (0.0 for black,
				3030	1.0 for white). Defaulting to values covering the full range from 0.0 to 1.0
				3031	for bout input (<em class="arg">width</em>), and output (<em
				3032	class="arg">width</em>) values. '<code>1.0,0.5,1.0,0.5</code>' </p>
				3033
				3034	<div style="text-align: center">
				3035	<em class="arg">range</em>/π * asin( 2/<em class="arg">width</em> * ( <b><em>u</em></b> - <em class="arg">center</em> ) ) + <em class="arg">bias</em>
				3036	</div>
				3037
				3038	</dd>
				3039
				3040	<dt><kbd>ArcTan</kbd></dt>
				3041	<dd>
				3042	<p>The <kbd>ArcTan</kbd> function generates a curve that smooth crosses from
				3043	limit values at infinities, though a center using the given slope value.
				3044	All these values can be adjusted via the arguments.
				3045
				3046	<div style="text-align: center">
				3047	-function <kbd>ArcTan</kbd> <em class="arg">slope</em>,[<em class="arg">center</em>,[<em class="arg">range</em>,[<em class="arg">bias</em>]]]
				3048	</div>
				3049
				3050	<p>Defaulting to '<code>1.0,0.5,1.0,0.5</code>'.
				3051	</p>
				3052
				3053	<div style="text-align: center">
				3054	<em class="arg">range</em>/π * atan( <em class="arg">slope</em>π ( <b><em>u</em></b> - <em class="arg">center</em> ) ) + <em class="arg">bias</em>
				3055	</div>
				3056
				3057	</dd>
				3058
				3059	</dl>
				3060
				3061
				3062	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3063	<h4><a name="fuzz" id="fuzz"></a>-fuzz <em class="arg">distance</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
				3064	</div>
				3065
				3066	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Colors within this <em class="arg">distance</em> are considered equal.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3067
				3068	<p>A number of algorithms search for a target color. By default the color must be exact. Use this option to match colors that are close to the target color in RGB space. For example, if you want to automagically trim the edges of an image with <a href="#trim">-trim</a> but the image was scanned and the target background color may differ by a small amount. This option can account for these differences.</p>
				3069
				3070	<p>The <em class="arg">distance</em> can be in absolute intensity units or, by appending <kbd>%</kbd> as a percentage of the maximum possible intensity (255, 65535, or 4294967295).</p>
				3071
				3072
				3073	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3074	<h4><a name="fx" id="fx"></a>-fx <em class="arg">expression</em></h4>
				3075	</div>
				3076
				3077	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a mathematical expression to an image or image channels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3078
				3079	<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">expression</em> is <kbd>@</kbd>, the expression is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string.</p>
				3080
				3081	<p>See <a href="../www/fx.html">FX, The Special Effects Image Operator</a> for a detailed discussion of this option.</p>
				3082
				3083
				3084	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3085	<h4><a name="gamma" id="gamma"></a>-gamma <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				3086	</div>
				3087
				3088	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>level of gamma correction.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3089
				3090	<p>The same color image displayed on two different workstations may look different due to differences in the display monitor. Use gamma correction to adjust for this color difference. Reasonable values extend from <kbd>0.8</kbd> to <kbd>2.3</kbd>. Gamma less than 1.0 darkens the image and gamma greater than 1.0 lightens it. Large adjustments to image gamma may result in the loss of some image information if the pixel quantum size is only eight bits (quantum range 0 to 255).</p>
				3091
				3092	<p>Gamma adjusts the image's channel values pixel-by-pixel according to a power law, namely, pow(pixel,1/gamma) or pixel^(1/gamma), where pixel is the normalized or 0 to 1 color value. For example, using a value of gamma=2 is the same as taking the square root of the image.</p>
				3093
				3094	<p>You can apply separate gamma values to the red, green, and blue channels of the image with a gamma value list delimited with commas (e.g., <kbd>1.7,2.3,1.2</kbd>).</p>
				3095
				3096	<p>Use <a href="#gamma">+gamma <em class="arg">value</em></a> to set the image gamma level without actually adjusting the image pixels. This option is useful if the image is of a known gamma but not set as an image attribute (e.g. PNG images).</p>
				3097
				3098	<p>Note that gamma adjustments are also available via the <a href="#level">-level</a> operator.</p>
				3099
				3100	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3101	<h4><a name="gaussian-blur" id="gaussian-blur"></a>-gaussian-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-gaussian-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em></h4>
				3102	</div>
				3103
				3104	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Blur the image with a Gaussian operator.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3105
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3106	<p>Convolve the image with a Gaussian or normal distribution using the given
				3107	<em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value. The formula is:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3108
				3109	<div class="eqn"><img alt="gaussian distribution" width="243px" height="42px" src="../images/gaussian-blur.png"/>
				3110	</div>
				3111
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3112	<p>The <em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value is the important argument, and
				3113	determines the actual amount of bluring that will take place. </p>
				3114
				3115	<p>The <em class="arg" >Radius</em> is only used to determine the size of the
				3116	array which will hold the calculated gaussian distribution. It should be an
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3117	integer. If not given, or set to zero, IM will calculate the largest possible
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3118	radius that will provide meaningful results for the Gaussian distribution.
				3119	</p>
				3120
				3121	<p>The larger the <em class="arg" >Radius</em> the radius the slower the
				3122	operation is. However too small a <em class="arg" >Radius</em>, and sever
				3123	aliasing effects may result. As a guideline, <em class="arg" >Radius</em>
				3124	should be at least twice the <em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value, though three
				3125	times will produce a more accurite result. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3126
				3127	<p>This differs from the faster <a href="#blur">-blur</a> operator in that a
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3128	full 2-dimensional convolution is used to generate the weighted average of the
				3129	neighboring pixels. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3130
				3131	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				3132	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				3133	</p>
				3134
				3135
				3136	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3137	<h4><a name="geometry" id="geometry"></a>-geometry <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				3138	</div>
				3139
				3140	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the preferred size and location of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3141
				3142	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				3143
				3144	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3145	<h4><a name="gravity" id="gravity"></a>-gravity <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				3146	</div>
				3147
				3148	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Sets the current gravity suggestion for various other settings and options.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3149
				3150	<p>Choices include: <kbd>NorthWest</kbd>, <kbd>North</kbd>, <kbd>NorthEast</kbd>,
				3151	<kbd>West</kbd>, <kbd>Center</kbd>, <kbd>East</kbd>, <kbd>SouthWest</kbd>,
				3152	<kbd>South</kbd>, <kbd>SouthEast</kbd>. Use <a href="#list">-list gravity</a> to get a complete
				3153	list of <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> settings available in your ImageMagick
				3154	installation.</p>
				3155
				3156	<p>The direction you choose specifies where to position text or subimages. For example, a gravity of <kbd>Center</kbd> forces the text to be centered within the image. By default, the image gravity is <kbd>NorthWest</kbd>. See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for more details about graphic primitives. Only the text primitive of <a href="#draw">-draw</a> affected by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option.</p>
				3157
				3158	<p>The <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is also used in concert with the <a href="#geometry">-geometry</a> setting and other settings or options that take <em class="arg">geometry</em> as an argument, such as the <a href="#crop">-crop</a> option. </p>
				3159
				3160	<p>If a <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting occurs before another option or setting having a <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument that specifies an offset, the offset is usually applied to the point within the image suggested by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> argument. Thus, in the following command, for example, suppose the file <kbd>image.png</kbd> has dimensions 200x100. The offset specified by the argument to <a href="#region">-region</a> is (−40,+20). The argument to <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> is <kbd>Center</kbd>, which suggests the midpoint of the image, at the point (100,50). The offset (−40,20) is applied to that point, giving (100−40,50+20)=(60,70), so the specified 10x10 region is located at that point. (In addition, the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> affects the region itself, which is <em>centered</em> at the pixel coordinate (60,70). (See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.)</p>
				3161
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3162	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -gravity Center -region 10x10-40+20 \ <br/> -negate output.png</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3163	<p>When used as an option to <a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>, <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> gives the direction that the image gravitates within the composite.</p>
				3164
				3165	<p>When used as an option to <a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>, <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> gives the direction that an image gravitates within a tile. The default gravity is <kbd>Center</kbd> for this purpose.</p>
				3166
				3167
				3168	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3169	<h4><a name="green-primary" id="green-primary"></a>-green-primary <em class="arg">x,y</em></h4>
				3170	</div>
				3171
				3172	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>green chromaticity primary point.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3173
				3174
				3175	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3176	<h4><a name="hald-clut" id="hald-clut"></a>-hald-clut</h4>
				3177	</div>
				3178
				3179	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a Hald color lookup table to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3180
				3181	<p>A Hald color lookup table is a 3-dimensional color cube mapped to 2
				3182	dimensions. Create it with the <kbd>HALD:</kbd> prefix (e.g. HALD:8). You
				3183	can apply any color transformation to the Hald image and then use this option
				3184	to apply the transform to the image. </p>
				3185
				3186	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png hald.png -hald-clut transform.png</span></p>
				3187	<p>This option provides a convenient method for you to use Gimp or Photoshop
				3188	to make color corrections to the Hald CLUT image and subsequently apply them
				3189	to multiple images using an ImageMagick script. </p>
				3190
				3191	<p>Note that the representation is only of the normal RGB color space and that
				3192	the whole color value triplet is used for the interpolated lookup of the
				3193	represented Hald color cube image. Because of this the operation is not <a
				3194	href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting effected, nor can it adjust or modify an
				3195	images transparency or alpha/matte channel.</p>
				3196
				3197	<p>See also <a href="#clut" >-clut</a> which provides color value replacement
				3198	of the individual color channels, usally involving a simplier gray-scale
				3199	image. E.g: gray-scale to color replacement, or modification by a histogram
				3200	mapping. </p>
				3201
				3202
				3203	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3204	<h4><a name="help" id="help"></a>-help</h4>
				3205	</div>
				3206
				3207	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>print usage instructions.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3208
				3209	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3210	<h4><a name="highlight-color" id="highlight-color"></a>-highlight-color <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				3211	</div>
				3212
				3213	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>when comparing images, emphasize pixel differences with this color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3214
				3215	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3216	<h4><a name="iconGeometry" id="iconGeometry"></a>-iconGeometry <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				3217	</div>
				3218
				3219	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the icon geometry.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3220
				3221	<p>Offsets, if present in the geometry specification, are handled in the same manner as the <a href="#geometry">-geometry</a> option, using X11 style to handle negative offsets.</p>
				3222
				3223	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				3224
				3225	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3226	<h4><a name="iconic" id="iconic"></a>-iconic</h4>
				3227	</div>
				3228
				3229	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>iconic animation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3230
				3231	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3232	<h4><a name="identify" id="identify"></a>-identify</h4>
				3233	</div>
				3234
				3235	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>identify the format and characteristics of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3236
				3237	<p>This information is printed: image scene number; image name; image size; the image class (<em class="arg">DirectClass</em> or <em class="arg">PseudoClass</em>); the total number of unique colors; and the number of seconds to read and transform the image. Refer to <a href="../www/miff.html">MIFF</a> for a description of the image class.</p>
				3238
				3239	<p>If <a href="#colors">-colors</a> is also specified, the total unique colors in the image and color reduction error values are printed. Refer to <a href="/www/quantize.html">color reduction algorithm</a> for a description of these values.</p>
				3240
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3241	<p>If <a href="#verbose">-verbose</a> precedes this option, copious
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3242	amounts of image properties are displayed including image statistics, profiles,
				3243	image histogram, and others.</p>
				3244
				3245	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3246	<h4><a name="ift" id="ift"></a>-ift</h4>
				3247	</div>
				3248
				3249	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>implements the inverse discrete Fourier transform (DFT).</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3250
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3251	<p>This option is new as of ImageMagick 6.5.4-3 (and now working for Windows users in ImageMagick 6.6.0-9). It transforms a pair of magnitude and phase images from the frequency domain to a single image in the normal or spatial domain. See for example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform" target="_blank">Fourier Transform</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFT" target="_blank">Discrete Fourier Transform</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFT" target="_blank">Fast Fourier Transform</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3252
				3253	<p>For example, depending upon the image format used to store the result of the <a href="#fft">-fft</a>, one would use either</p>
				3254
				3255	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert fft_image.miff -ift fft_image_ift.png</span></p>
				3256	<p>or</p>
				3257
				3258	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert fft_image-0.png fft_image-1.png -ift fft_image_ift.png</span></p>
				3259
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3260	<p>The resulting image may need to be cropped due to padding introduced when the original image, prior to the <a href="#fft">-fft</a> or <a href="#fft">+fft</a>, was not square or even dimensioned. Any padding is at the right and/or bottom sides of the image.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3261
				3262	<p>The <a href="http://www.fftw.org/" target="_blank">FFTW</a> delegate library is required to use <a href="#ift">-ift</a>.
				3263
				3264	<p>Use <a href="#ift">+ift</a> (with HDRI enabled) to transform a pair of real and imaginary images from the frequency domain to a single image in the normal (spatial) domain.
				3265
				3266	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3267	<h4><a name="immutable" id="immutable"></a>-immutable</h4>
				3268	</div>
				3269
				3270	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>make image immutable.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3271
				3272	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3273	<h4><a name="implode" id="implode"></a>-implode <em class="arg">factor</em></h4>
				3274	</div>
				3275
				3276	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>implode image pixels about the center.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3277
				3278	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3279	<h4><a name="insert" id="insert"></a>-insert <em class="arg">index</em></h4>
				3280	</div>
				3281
				3282	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>insert the last image into the image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3283
				3284	<p>This option takes last image in the current image sequence and inserts it at the given index. If a negative index is used, the insert position is calculated before the last image is removed from the sequence. As such <kbd>-insert -1</kbd> will result in no change to the image sequence.</p>
				3285
				3286	<p>The <kbd>+insert</kbd> option is equivalent to <kbd>-insert -1</kbd>. In other words, insert the last image, at the end of the current image sequence. Consequently this has no effect on the image sequence order.</p>
				3287
				3288	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3289	<h4><a name="intent" id="intent"></a>-intent <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				3290	</div>
				3291
				3292	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>use this type of rendering intent when managing the image color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3293
				3294	<p>Use this option to affect the color management operation of an image (see <a href="#profile">-profile</a>). Choose from these intents: <kbd>Absolute, Perceptual, Relative, Saturation</kbd>.</p>
				3295
				3296	<p>The default intent is undefined.</p>
				3297
				3298	<p>To print a complete list of rendering intents, use <a href="#list">-list intent</a>.</p>
				3299
				3300	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3301	<h4><a name="interlace" id="interlace"></a>-interlace <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				3302	</div>
				3303
				3304	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the type of interlacing scheme.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3305
				3306	<p>Choose from:</p>
				3307
				3308	<pre class="text">
				3309	none
				3310	line
				3311	plane
				3312	partition
				3313	JPEG
				3314	GIF
				3315	PNG
				3316	</pre>
				3317
				3318	<p>This option is used to specify the type of interlacing scheme for raw image formats such as <kbd>RGB</kbd> or <kbd>YUV</kbd>.</p>
				3319
				3320	<p><kbd>None</kbd> means do not interlace (RGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGB...),</p>
				3321
				3322	<p><kbd>Line</kbd> uses scanline interlacing (RRR...GGG...BBB...RRR...GGG...BBB...), and.</p>
				3323
				3324	<p><kbd>Plane</kbd> uses plane interlacing (RRRRRR...GGGGGG...BBBBBB...).</p>
				3325
				3326	<p><kbd>Partition</kbd> is like plane except the different planes are saved to individual files (e.g. image.R,
				3327	image.G, and image.B).</p>
				3328
				3329	<p>Use <kbd>Line</kbd> or <kbd>Plane</kbd> to create an <kbd>interlaced PNG</kbd> or <kbd>GIF</kbd> or <kbd>progressive JPEG</kbd>
				3330	image.</p>
				3331
				3332	<p>To print a complete list of interlacing schemes, use <a href="#list">-list interlace</a>.</p>
				3333
				3334	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3335	<h4><a name="interpolate" id="interpolate"></a>-interpolate <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				3336	</div>
				3337
				3338	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the pixel color interpolation method to use when looking up a color based on a floating point or real value.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3339
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3340	<p>When looking up the color of a pixel using a non-integer floating point
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3341	value, you typically fall in between the pixel colors defined by the source
				3342	image. This setting determines how the color is determined from the colors of
				3343	the pixels surrounding that point. That is how to determine the color of a
				3344	point that falls between two, or even four different colored pixels. </p>
				3345
				3346	<pre class="text">
				3347	integer: The color of the top-left pixel (floor function)
				3348	nearest-neighbor: The nearest pixel to the lookup point (rounded function)
				3349	average: The average color of the surrounding four pixels
				3350	bilinear A double linear interpolation of pixels (the default)
				3351	mesh Divide area into two flat triangular interpolations
				3352	bicubic Fitted bicubic-spines of surrounding 16 pixels
				3353	spline Direct spline curves (colors are blurred)
				3354	filter Use resize <a href="#filter">-filter</a> settings
				3355	</pre>
				3356
				3357	<p>This most important for distortion operators such as <a href="#distort"
				3358	>-distort</a>, <a href="#implode" >-implode</a>, <a href="#transform"
				3359	>-transform</a> and <a href="#fx" >-fx</a>. </p>
				3360
				3361	<p>To print a complete list of interpolation methods, use <a href="#list">-list interpolate</a>.</p>
				3362
				3363	<p>See also <a href="#virtual-pixel" >-virtual-pixel</a>, for control of the
				3364	lookup for positions outside the boundaries of the image. </p>
				3365
				3366
				3367	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	f3bb478	2009-09-08 13:10:04 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3368	<h4><a name="interline-spacing" id="interline-spacing"></a>-interline-spacing <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				3369	</div>
				3370
				3371	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the space between two text lines.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3372
				3373	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3374	<h4><a name="interword-spacing" id="interword-spacing"></a>-interword-spacing <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				3375	</div>
				3376
				3377	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the space between two words.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3378
				3379	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3380	<h4><a name="kerning" id="kerning"></a>-kerning <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				3381	</div>
				3382
				3383	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the space between two letters.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3384
				3385	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3386	<h4><a name="label" id="label"></a>-label <em class="arg">name</em></h4>
				3387	</div>
				3388
				3389	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>assign a label to an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3390
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3391	<p>Use this option to assign a specific label to the image, as it is read in
				3392	or created. You can use the <a href="#set" >-set</a> operation to re-assign
				3393	a the labels of images already read in. Image formats such as TIFF, PNG,
				3394	MIFF, supports saving the label information with the image.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3395
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3396	<p>When saving an image to a <em class="arg">PostScript</em> file, any label
				3397	assigned to an image is used as a header string to print above the postscript
				3398	image. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3399
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3400	<p>You can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image
				3401	attribute by embedding special format character. See <a href="../www/escape.html">Format and Print Image
				3402	Properties</a> for details of the percent escape codes.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3403
				3404	<p>For example,</p>
				3405
				3406	<p class="crtsnip">
				3407	-label "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff
				3408	</p>
				3409
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3410	<p>assigns an image label of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> to the
				3411	"<kbd>bird.miff</kbd>" image and whose width is 512 and height is 480, as it
				3412	is read in. If a <a href="#label">+label</a> option was used instead, any
				3413	existing label present in the image would be used. You can remove all labels
				3414	from an image by assigning the empty string. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3415
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3416	<p>A label is not drawn on the image, but is embedded in the image datastream
				3417	via <em>Label</em> tag or similar mechanism. If you want the label to be
				3418	visible on the image itself, use the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option, or
				3419	during the final processing in the creation of a image montage.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3420
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3421	<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">string</em> is <em
				3422	class="arg">@</em>, the image label is read from a file titled by the
				3423	remaining characters in the string. Labels in a file are literal, no embedded
				3424	formatting characters are recognized.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3425
				3426
				3427	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3428	<h4><a name="lat" id="lat"></a>-lat <em class="arg">width</em><br />-lat <em class="arg">width</em>x<em class="arg">height</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">offset</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
				3429	</div>
				3430
				3431	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>perform local adaptive threshold.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3432
				3433	<p>Adaptively threshold each pixel based on the value of pixels in a
				3434	surrounding window. If the current pixel is lighter than this average plus
				3435	the optional <kbd>offset</kbd>, then it is made white, otherwise it is made
				3436	black. Small variations in pixel values such as found in scanned documents
				3437	can be ignored if offset is positive. A negative offset will make it more
				3438	sensitive to those small variations. </p>
				3439
				3440	<p>This is commonly used to threshold images with an uneven background. It is
				3441	based on the assumption that average color of the small window is the
				3442	the local background color, from which to separate the forground color. </p>
				3443
				3444
				3445	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3446	<h4><a name="layers" id="layers"></a>-layers <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
				3447	</div>
				3448
				3449	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>handle multiple images forming a set of image layers or animation frames.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3450
				3451	<p>Perform various image operation methods to a ordered sequence of images
				3452	which may represent either a set of overlaid 'image layers', a GIF disposal
				3453	animation, or a fully-'coalesced' animation sequence. </p>
				3454
				3455	<table class="doc">
				3456	<tbody>
				3457	<tr valign="top">
				3458	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				3459	<th align="left">Description</th>
				3460	</tr>
				3461
				3462	<tr valign="top">
				3463	<td valign="top">compare-any</td>
				3464	<td valign="top">Crop the second and later frames to the smallest rectangle
				3465	that contains all the differences between the two images. No GIF <a
				3466	href="#dispose" >-dispose</a> methods are taken into account. </td>
				3467	</tr>
				3468
				3469	<tr><td></td><td>This exactly the same as the <a href="#deconstruct"
				3470	>-deconstruct</a> operator, and does not preserve animations normal
				3471	working, especially when animation used layer disposal methods such as
				3472	'<kbd>Previous</kbd>' or '<kbd>Background</kbd>'. </td>
				3473	</tr>
				3474
				3475	<tr valign="top">
				3476	<td valign="top">compare-clear</td>
				3477	<td valign="top">As '<kbd>compare-any</kbd>' but crop to the bounds of any
				3478	opaque pixels which become transparent in the second frame. That is the
				3479	smallest image needed to mask or erase pixels for the next frame. </td>
				3480	</tr>
				3481
				3482	<tr valign="top">
				3483	<td valign="top">compare-overlay</td>
				3484	<td valign="top">As '<kbd>compare-any</kbd>' but crop to pixels that add
				3485	extra color to the next image, as a result of overlaying color pixels.
				3486	That is the smallest single overlaid image to add or change colors. </td>
				3487	</tr>
				3488
				3489	<tr><td></td><td>This can be used with the <a href="#compose" >-compose</a> alpha
				3490	composition method '<kbd>change-mask</kbd>', to reduce the image to
				3491	just the pixels that need to be overlaid. </td>
				3492	</tr>
				3493
				3494	<tr valign="top">
				3495	<td valign="top">coalesce</td>
				3496	<td valign="top">Equivalent to a call to the <a href="#coalesce"
				3497	>-coalesce</a> operator. Apply the layer disposal methods set in the
				3498	current image sequence to form a fully defined animation sequence, as
				3499	it should be displayed. Effectively converting a GIF animation into a
				3500	'film strip'-like animation. </td>
				3501	</tr>
				3502
				3503	<tr valign="top">
				3504	<td valign="top">composite</td>
				3505	<td valign="top">Alpha Composition of two image lists, separated by a
				3506	"<kbd>null:</kbd>" image, with the destination image list first, and
				3507	the source images last. An image from each list are composited
				3508	together until one list is finished. The separator image and source
				3509	image lists are removed. </td>
				3510	</tr>
				3511
				3512
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3513	<tr><td></td>
				3514	<td>The <a href="#geometry" >-geometry</a> offset is adjusted according
				3515	to <a href="#gravity" >-gravity</a> in accordance of the virtual
				3516	canvas size of the first image in each list. Unlike a normal <a
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3517	href="#composite" >-composite</a> operation, the canvas offset is also
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3518	added to the final composite positioning of each image. </td> </tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3519
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3520	<tr><td></td>
				3521	<td>If one of the image lists only contains one image, that image is
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3522	applied to all the images in the other image list, regardless of which
				3523	list it is. In this case it is the image meta-data of the list which
				3524	preserved. </td>
				3525	</tr>
				3526
				3527
				3528	<tr valign="top">
				3529	<td valign="top">dispose</td>
				3530	<td valign="top">This like '<kbd>coalesce</kbd>' but shows the look of
				3531	the animation after the layer disposal method has been applied, before
				3532	the next sub-frame image is overlaid. That is the 'dispose' image that
				3533	results from the application of the GIF <a href="#dispose"
				3534	>-dispose</a> method. This allows you to check what
				3535	is going wrong with a particular animation you may be developing.
				3536	</td>
				3537	</tr>
				3538
				3539	<tr valign="top">
				3540	<td valign="top">flatten</td>
				3541	<td valign="top">Create a canvas the size of the first images virtual
				3542	canvas using the current <a href="#background" >-background</a> color,
				3543	and <a href="#compose" >-compose</a> each image in turn onto that
				3544	canvas. Images falling outside that canvas is clipped. Final
				3545	image will have a zero virtual canvas offset. </td>
				3546	</tr>
				3547
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3548	<tr><td></td>
				3549	<td>This usally used as one of the final 'image layering' operations
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3550	overlaying all the prepared image layers into a final image. </td>
				3551	</tr>
				3552
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3553	<tr><td></td>
				3554	<td>For a single image this method can also be used to fillout a virtual
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3555	canvas with real pixels, or to underlay a opaque color to remove
				3556	transparency from an image.</td>
				3557	</tr>
				3558
				3559
				3560	<tr valign="top">
				3561	<td valign="top">merge</td>
				3562	<td valign="top">As 'flatten' method but merging all the given image
				3563	layers into a new layer image just large enough to hold all the image
				3564	without clipping or extra space. The new images virtual offset will
				3565	prevere the position of the new layer, even if this offset is
				3566	negative. the virtual canvas size of the first image is preserved.
				3567	</td>
				3568	</tr>
				3569
				3570	<tr><td></td><td>Caution is advised when handling image layers with negative offsets
				3571	as few image file formats handle them correctly. </td>
				3572	</tr>
				3573
				3574	<tr valign="top">
				3575	<td valign="top">mosaic</td>
				3576	<td valign="top">As 'flatten' method but expanding the initial canvas size
				3577	of the first image so as to hold all the image layers. However as a
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3578	virtual canvas is 'locked' to the origin, by definition, image layers
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3579	with a negative offsets will still be clipped by the top and left
				3580	edges.</td>
				3581	</tr>
				3582
				3583	<tr><td></td><td>This method is commonly used to layout individual image using various
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3584	offset but without knowing the final canvas size. The resulting image
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3585	will, like 'flatten' not have any virtual offset, so can be saved to
				3586	any image file format. </td>
				3587	</tr>
				3588
				3589
				3590	<tr valign="top">
				3591	<td valign="top">optimize</td>
				3592	<td valign="top">Optimize a coalesced animation, into GIF animation using
				3593	a number of general techniques. This currently a short cut to
				3594	apply both the '<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>', and
				3595	'<kbd>optimize-transparency</kbd>' methods but may be expanded to
				3596	include other optimization methods as they are developed. </td>
				3597	</tr>
				3598
				3599	<tr valign="top">
				3600	<td valign="top">optimize-frame</td>
				3601	<td valign="top">Optimize a coalesced animation, into GIF animation by
				3602	reducing the number of pixels per frame as much as possible by
				3603	attempting to pick the best layer disposal method to use, while ensuring
				3604	the result will continue to animate properly. </td>
				3605	</tr>
				3606
				3607	<tr><td></td><td> There is no guarantee that the best optimization is found. But
				3608	then no reasonably fast GIF optimization algorithm can do this.
				3609	However this does seem to do better than most other GIF frame
				3610	optimizers seen. </td>
				3611	</tr>
				3612
				3613	<tr valign="top">
				3614	<td valign="top">optimize-plus</td>
				3615	<td valign="top">As '<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>' but attempt to improve the
				3616	overall optimization by adding extra frames to the animation, without
				3617	changing the final look or timing of the animation. The frames are
				3618	added to attempt to separate the clearing of pixels from the
				3619	overlaying of new additional pixels from one animation frame to the
				3620	next. If this does not improve the optimization (for the next frame
				3621	only), it will fall back to the results of the previous normal
				3622	'<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>' technique. </td>
				3623	</tr>
				3624
				3625	<tr><td></td><td>There is the possibility that the change in the disposal style will
				3626	result in a worsening in the optimization of later frames, though this
				3627	is unlikely. In other words there no guarantee that it is better than
				3628	the normal '<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>' technique. For some animations
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3629	however you can get a vast improvement in the final animation size. </td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3630	</tr>
				3631
				3632	<tr valign="top">
				3633	<td valign="top">optimize-transparency</td>
				3634	<td valign="top">Given a GIF animation, replace any pixel in the sub-frame
				3635	overlay images with transparency, if it does not change the resulting
				3636	animation by more than the current <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor.
				3637	</td>
				3638	</tr>
				3639
				3640	<tr><td></td><td>This should allow a existing frame optimized GIF animation to compress
				3641	into a smaller file size due to larger areas of one (transparent)
				3642	color rather than a pattern of multiple colors repeating the current
				3643	disposed image of the last frame. </td>
				3644	</tr>
				3645
				3646	<tr valign="top">
				3647	<td valign="top">remove-dups</td>
				3648	<td valign="top">Remove (and merge time delays) of duplicate consecutive
				3649	images, so as to simplify layer overlays of coalesced animations.
				3650	</td>
				3651	</tr>
				3652
				3653	<tr><td></td><td>Usually this a result of using a constant time delay across the
				3654	whole animation, or after a larger animation was split into smaller
				3655	sub-animations. The duplicate frames could also have been used as
				3656	part of some frame optimization methods. </td>
				3657	</tr>
				3658
				3659	<tr valign="top">
				3660	<td valign="top">remove-zero</td>
				3661	<td valign="top">Remove any image with a zero time delay, unless ALL the
				3662	images have a zero time delay (and is not a proper timed animation, a
				3663	warning is then issued). </td>
				3664	</tr>
				3665
				3666	<tr><td></td><td>In a GIF animation, such images are usually frames which provide
				3667	partial intermediary updates between the frames that are actually
				3668	displayed to users. These frames are usally added for improved frame
				3669	optimization in GIF animations. </td>
				3670	</tr>
				3671
				3672	<tr valign="top">
				3673	<td valign="top">trim-bounds</td>
				3674	<td valign="top">Find the bounds of all the images in the current
				3675	image sequence, then adjust the offsets so all images are contained on
				3676	a minimal positive canvas. None of the image data is modified, only
				3677	there virtual canvas size and offset. The all the image is given
				3678	the same canvas size, and and will have a positive offset, but will
				3679	remain in the same position relative to each other. As a result of the
				3680	minimal canvas size at least one image will touch every edge of that
				3681	canvas. The image data however may be transparent.
				3682	</td>
				3683	</tr>
				3684
				3685	</tbody>
				3686	</table>
				3687
				3688	<p>To print a complete list of layer types, use <a href="#list">-list layers</a>.</p>
				3689
				3690	<p>The operators <a href="#coalesce" >-coalesce</a>, <a href="#deconstruct"
				3691	>-deconstruct</a>, <a href="#flatten" >-flatten</a>, and <a href="#mosaic"
				3692	>-mosaic</a> are only aliases for the above methods. Also see <a
				3693	href="#page" >-page</a>, <a href="#repage" >-repage</a> operators, the <a
				3694	href="#compose" >-compose</a> setting, and the GIF <a href="#dispose"
				3695	>-dispose</a> and <a href="#delay" >-delay</a> settings. </p>
				3696
				3697
				3698	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3699	<h4><a name="level" id="level"></a>-level <em class="arg">black_point</em>{,<em class="arg">white_point</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}{,<em class="arg">gamma</em>}</h4>
				3700	</div>
				3701
				3702	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>adjust the level of image channels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3703
				3704	<p>Given one, two or three values delimited with commas: black-point,
				3705	white-point, gamma (for example: 10,250,1.0 or 2%,98%,0.5). The black and
				3706	white points range from 0 to <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>, or from 0 to 100%; if the white
				3707	point is omitted it is set to (<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> - black_point), so as to center
				3708	contrast changes. If a <kbd>%</kbd> sign is present anywhere in the string,
				3709	both black and white points are percentages of the full color range. Gamma
				3710	will do a <a href="#gamma">-gamma</a> adjustment of the values. If it is
				3711	omitted, the default of 1.0 (no gamma correction) is assumed.</p>
				3712
				3713	<p>In normal usage (<kbd>-level</kbd>) the image values are stretched so that
				3714	the given '<kbd>black_point</kbd>' value in the original image is set to
				3715	zero (or black), while the given '<kbd>white_point</kbd>' value is set to
				3716	<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> (or white). This provides you with direct contrast adjustments
				3717	to the image. The '<kbd>gamma</kbd>' of the resulting image will then be
				3718	adjusted. </p>
				3719
				3720	<p>From ImageMagick v6.4.1-9 using the plus form of the operator (<kbd>+level</kbd>) or
				3721	adding the special '!' flag anywhere in the argument list, will cause the
				3722	operator to do the reverse of the level adjustment. That is a zero, or
				3723	<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> value (black, and white, resp.) in the original image, is
				3724	adjusted to the given level values, allowing you to de-contrast, or compress
				3725	the channel values within the image. The '<kbd>gamma</kbd>' is adjusted before the level adjustment to de-contrast the image is made. </p>
				3726
				3727	<p>Only the channels defined by the current <a href="#channel">-channel</a>
				3728	setting are adjusted (defaults to RGB color channels only), allowing you to
				3729	limit the effect of this operator. </p>
				3730
				3731	<p>Please note that the transparency channel is treated as 'matte'
				3732	values (0 is opaque) and not as 'alpha' values (0 is transparent).</p>
				3733
				3734
				3735	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3736	<h4><a name="level-colors" id="level-colors"></a>-level-colors {<em
				3737	class="arg">black_color</em>}{,}{<em class="arg">white_color</em>}</h4>
				3738	</div>
				3739
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3740	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>adjust the level of an image using the provided dash separated colors.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3741
				3742	<p>This function is exactly like <a href="#level">-level</a>, except that the
				3743	value value for each color channel is determined by the
				3744	'<kbd>black_color</kbd>' and '<kbd>white_color</kbd>' colors given (as
				3745	described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option). </p>
				3746
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3747	<p>This effectually means the colors provided to <kbd>-level-colors</kbd>
				3748	is mapped to become 'black' and 'white' respectively, with all the other
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3749	colors linearly adjusted (or clipped) to match that change. Each channel is
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3750	adjusted separately using the channel values of the colors specified. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3751
				3752	<p>On the other hand the plus form of the operator (<kbd>+level-colors</kbd>)
				3753	will map the image color 'black' and 'white' to the given colors
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3754	respectively, resulting in a gradient (de-contrasting) tint of the image to
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3755	those colors. This can also be used to convert a plain gray-scale image into a
				3756	one using the gradient of colors specified. </p>
				3757
				3758	<p>By supplying a single color with a comma separator either before or after
				3759	that color, will just replace the respective 'black' or 'white' point
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3760	respectively. But if no comma separator is provided, the given color is
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3761	used for both the black and white color points, making the operator either
				3762	threshold the images around that color (- form) or set all colors to that
				3763	color (+ form). </p>
				3764
				3765
				3766	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3767	<h4><a name="limit" id="limit"></a>-limit <em class="arg">type value</em></h4>
				3768	</div>
				3769
				3770	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the pixel cache resource limit.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3771
				3772	<p>Choose from: <kbd>area</kbd>, <kbd>disk</kbd>, <kbd>file</kbd>, <kbd>map</kbd>, <kbd>memory</kbd>, <kbd>threads</kbd>, or <kbd>time</kbd>.</p>
				3773
cristy	6b63665	2009-12-05 17:16:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3774	<p>The value for <kbd>file</kbd> is in number of files. The other limits are in bytes. By default the limits are 768 files, 2GB of image area, 1.5GiB memory, 8GiB memory map, and 18.45EB of disk. These limits are adjusted relative to the available resources on your computer if this information is available. When any limit is reached, ImageMagick fails in some fashion but attempts to take compensating actions, if possible. For example, the following limits memory:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3775
				3776	<p class="crtsnip">
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3777	-limit memory 32MiB -limit map 64MiB
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3778	</p>
				3779
				3780	<p>Use <a href="#list">-list resource</a> to list the current limits. For example, our system shows these limits:</p>
				3781
cristy	6b63665	2009-12-05 17:16:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3782	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>identify -list resource</span><span class='crtout'><pre>File Area Memory Map Disk Thread Time
				3783	------------------------------------------------------------------------------
				3784	768 12.404GB 8.6642GiB 23.104GiB 18.446744EB 8 unlimited</pre>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3785	</span></p>
				3786	<p>Requests for pixel storage to keep intermediate images are satisfied by one of three resource categories: in-memory pool, memory-mapped files pool, and disk pool (in that order) depending on the <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#limit">‑limit</a> settings and whether the system honors a resource request. If the total size of allocated pixel storage in the given pool reaches the corresponding limit, the request is passed to the next pool. Additionally, requests that exceed the <kbd>area</kbd> limit automagically are allocated on disk.</p>
				3787
				3788	<p>To illustrate how ImageMagick utilizes resource limits, consider a typical image resource request. First, ImageMagick tries to allocate the pixels in memory. The request might be denied if the resource request exceeds the <kbd>memory</kbd> limit or if the system does not honor the request. If a memory request is not honored, the pixels are allocated to disk and the file is memory-mapped. However, if the allocation request exceeds the <kbd>map</kbd> limit, the resource allocation goes to disk. In all cases, if the resource request exceeds the <kbd>area</kbd> limit, the pixels are automagically cached to disk. If the disk has a hard limit, the program fails.</p>
				3789
				3790	<p>In most cases you simply do not need to concern yourself with resource limits. ImageMagick chooses reasonable defaults and most images do not tax your computer resources. Where limits do come in handy is when you process images that are large or on shared systems where ImageMagick can consume all or most of the available memory. In this case, the ImageMagick workflow slows other processes or, in extreme cases, brings the system to a halt. Under these circumstances, setting limits give some assurances that the ImageMagick workflow will not interfere with other concurrent uses of the computer. For example, assume you have a web interface that processes images uploaded from the Internet. To assure ImageMagick does not exceed 10mb of memory you can simply set the area limit to 10mb:</p>
				3791
				3792	<p class="crtsnip">
				3793	-limit area 10mb
				3794	</p>
				3795
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3796	<p>Now whenever a large image is processed, the pixels are automagically cached to disk instead of memory. This of course implies that large images typically process very slowly, simply because pixel processing in memory can be an order of magnitude faster than on disk. Because your web site users might inadvertently upload a huge image to process, you should set a disk limit as well:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3797
				3798	<p class="crtsnip">
				3799	-limit area 10mb -limit disk 500mb
				3800	</p>
				3801
				3802	<p>Here ImageMagick stops processing if an image requires more than 500MB of disk storage.</p>
				3803
				3804	<p>In addition to command-line resource limit option, resources can be set with <a href="../www/resources.html#environment">environment variables</a>. Set the environment variables <kbd>MAGICK_AREA_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_DISK_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_FILE_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_MEMORY_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_MAP_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_THREAD_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_TIME_LIMIT</kbd> for limits of image area, disk space, open files, heap memory, memory map, number of threads of execution, and maximum elapsed time in seconds respectively.</p>
				3805
				3806	<p> Inquisitive users can try adding <a href="#debug">-debug cache</a> to their commands and then scouring the generated output for references to the pixel cache, in order to determine how the pixel cache was allocated and how resources were consumed. Advanced Unix/Linux users can pipe that output through <kbd>grep memory\|open\|destroy\|disk</kbd> for more readable sifting.
				3807	</p>
				3808
				3809	<p>For more about ImageMagick's use of resources, see the section <b>Cache Storage and Resource Requirements</b> on the <a href="../www/architecture.html#cache">Architecture</a> page.
				3810	</p>
				3811
				3812	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3813	<h4><a name="linear-stretch" id="linear-stretch"></a>-linear-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em><br />-linear-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em>{x<em class="arg">white-point</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}}</h4>
				3814	</div>
				3815
				3816	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Linear with saturation stretch.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3817
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3818	<p>This is very similar to <a href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a>,
				3819	and uses a 'histogram bin' to determine the range of color values that needs to
				3820	be stretched. However it then stretchs those colors using the <a
				3821	href="#level" >-level</a> operator.</p>
				3822
				3823	<p>As such while the initial determination may have 'binning' round off
				3824	effects, the image colors are stretched mathematically, rather than using the
				3825	histogram bins. This makes the operator more accurate. </p>
				3826
				3827	<p>note however that a <a href="#linear-stretch" >-linear-stretch</a> of
				3828	'<kbd>0</kbd>' does nothing, while a value of '<kbd>1</kbd>' does a near
				3829	perfect stretch of the color range. </p>
				3830
				3831	<p>See also <a href="#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect'
				3832	normalization of mathematical images. </p>
				3833
				3834	<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p>
				3835
				3836
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3837	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3838	<h4><a name="linewidth" id="linewidth"></a>-linewidth</h4>
				3839	</div>
				3840
				3841	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the line width for subsequent draw operations.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3842
				3843	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3844	<h4><a name="liquid-rescale" id="liquid-rescale"></a>-liquid-rescale <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				3845	</div>
				3846
				3847	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>rescale image with seam-carving.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3848
				3849	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				3850
				3851	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3852	<h4><a name="list" id="list"></a>-list <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				3853	</div>
				3854
				3855	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Print a list of supported arguments for various options or settings. Choose from these list types:</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3856
				3857	<pre class="text">
cristy	c1aee83	2010-05-08 00:36:47 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3858	Align
				3859	Alpha
				3860	Boolean
				3861	Channel
				3862	Class
				3863	ClipPath
				3864	Coder
				3865	Color
				3866	Colorspace
				3867	Command
				3868	Compose
				3869	Compress
				3870	Configure
				3871	DataType
				3872	Debug
				3873	Decoration
				3874	Delegate
				3875	Direction
				3876	Dispose
				3877	Distort
				3878	Dither
				3879	Endian
				3880	Evaluate
				3881	FillRule
				3882	Filter
				3883	Font
				3884	Format
				3885	Function
				3886	Gravity
				3887	ImageList
				3888	Intent
				3889	Interlace
				3890	Interpolate
				3891	Kernel
cristy	787d435	2010-03-06 13:55:58 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3892	Layers
				3893	LineCap
				3894	LineJoin
				3895	List
				3896	Locale
				3897	LogEvent
				3898	Log
				3899	Magic
				3900	Method
				3901	Metric
				3902	Mime
				3903	Mode
				3904	Morphology
				3905	Module
				3906	Noise
				3907	Orientation
				3908	Policy
				3909	PolicyDomain
				3910	PolicyRights
				3911	Preview
				3912	Primitive
				3913	QuantumFormat
				3914	Resource
				3915	SparseColor
				3916	Storage
				3917	Stretch
				3918	Style
				3919	Threshold
				3920	Type
				3921	Units
				3922	Validate
				3923	VirtualPixel
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3924	</pre>
				3925
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3926	<p>These lists vary depending on your version of ImageMagick. Use "<kbd>-list
				3927	list</kbd>" to get a complete listing of all the "<kbd>-list</kbd>" arguments
				3928	available:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3929
				3930	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>identify -list list</span></p>
				3931	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3932	<h4><a name="log" id="log"></a>-log <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
				3933	</div>
				3934
				3935	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify format for debug log.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3936
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3937	<p>This option specifies the format for the log printed when the <a
				3938	href="#debug">-debug</a> option is active.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3939
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3940	<p>You can display the following components by embedding special format
				3941	characters:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3942
				3943	<pre class="text">
				3944	%d domain
				3945	%e event
				3946	%f function
				3947	%l line
				3948	%m module
				3949	%p process ID
				3950	%r real CPU time
				3951	%t wall clock time
				3952	%u user CPU time
				3953	%% percent sign
				3954	\n newline
				3955	\r carriage return
				3956	</pre>
				3957
				3958	<p>For example:</p>
				3959
				3960	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -debug coders -log "%u %m:%l %e" in.gif out.png</span></p>
				3961	<p>The default behavior is to print all of the components.</p>
				3962
				3963	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3964	<h4><a name="loop" id="loop"></a>-loop <em class="arg">iterations</em></h4>
				3965	</div>
				3966
				3967	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>add Netscape loop extension to your GIF animation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3968
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3969	<p>Set iterations to zero to repeat the animation an infinite number of times,
				3970	otherwise the animation repeats itself up to <em class="arg">iterations</em>
				3971	times.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3972
				3973	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3974	<h4><a name="lowlight-color" id="lowlight-color"></a>-lowlight-color <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				3975	</div>
				3976
				3977	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>when comparing images, de-emphasize pixel differences with this color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3978
				3979	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3980	<h4><a name="magnify" id="magnify"></a>-magnify <em class="arg">factor</em></h4>
				3981	</div>
				3982
				3983	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>magnify the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3984
				3985
				3986	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3987	<h4><a name="map" id="map"></a>-map <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				3988	</div>
				3989
				3990	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Display image using this <em class="arg">type</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				3991
				3992	<p>Choose from these <em class="arg">Standard Colormap</em> types:</p>
				3993
				3994	<pre class="text">
				3995	best
				3996	default
				3997	gray
				3998	red
				3999	green
				4000	blue
				4001	</pre>
				4002
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4003	<p>The <em class="arg">X server</em> must support the <em class="arg">Standard
				4004	Colormap</em> you choose, otherwise an error occurs. Use <kbd>list</kbd> as
				4005	the type and <kbd>display</kbd> searches the list of colormap types in
				4006	<kbd>top-to-bottom</kbd> order until one is located. See <em
				4007	class="arg">xstdcmap(1)</em> for one way of creating Standard Colormaps.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4008
				4009
				4010	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4011	<h4><a name="map_stream_" id="map_stream_"></a>-map <em class="arg">components</em></h4>
				4012	</div>
				4013
				4014	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>pixel map.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/stream.html">stream</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4015
				4016	<p>Here are the valid components of a map:</p>
				4017
				4018	<pre class="text">
				4019	r red pixel component
				4020	g green pixel component
				4021	b blue pixel component
				4022	a alpha pixel component (0 is transparent)
				4023	o opacity pixel component (0 is opaque)
				4024	i grayscale intensity pixel component
				4025	c cyan pixel component
				4026	m magenta pixel component
				4027	y yellow pixel component
				4028	k black pixel component
				4029	p pad component (always 0)
				4030	</pre>
				4031
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4032	<p>You can specify as many of these components as needed in any order (e.g.
				4033	bgr). The components can repeat as well (e.g. rgbr).</p>
				4034
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4035
				4036	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4037	<h4><a name="mask" id="mask"></a>-mask
				4038	<em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
				4039	</div>
				4040
				4041	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Composite the image pixels as defined by the mask.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4042
				4043	<p>Use <a href="#mask">+mask</a> to remove the image mask.</p>
				4044
				4045	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4046	<h4><a name="mattecolor" id="mattecolor"></a>-mattecolor <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				4047	</div>
				4048
				4049	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify the color to be used with the <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4050
				4051	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				4052
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4053	<p>The default matte color is <kbd>#BDBDBD</kbd>, <span
				4054	style="background-color: #bdbdbd;">this shade of gray</span>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4055
				4056	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	d2baf7d	2010-03-06 04:26:44 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4057	<h4><a name="maximum" id="maximum"></a>-maximum</h4>
				4058	</div>
				4059
				4060	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>return the maximum intensity of an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4061
				4062	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4063	<h4><a name="median" id="median"></a>-median <em class="arg">radius</em></h4>
				4064	</div>
				4065
				4066	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a median filter to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4067
				4068	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4069	<h4><a name="metric" id="metric"></a>-metric <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				4070	</div>
				4071
				4072	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Output to STDERR a measure of the differences between images according to the <em class="arg">type</em> given metric.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4073
				4074	<p>Choose from:</p>
				4075
				4076	<pre class="text">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4077	AE absolute error count, number of different pixels (-fuzz effected)
				4078	MAE mean absolute error (normalized), average channel error distance
				4079	MEPP mean error per pixel (normalized mean error, normalized peak error)
				4080	MSE mean error squared, average of the channel error squared
				4081	PAE peak absolute (normalize peak absolute)
				4082	PSNR peak signal to noise ratio
				4083	RMSE root mean squared (normalized root mean squared)
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4084	</pre>
				4085
				4086	<p>The '<kbd>AE</kbd>' or absolute count of pixels that are different, can be
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4087	controlled using a <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor to ignore pixels which
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4088	only changed by a small amount. The '<kbd>PAE</kbd>' can be used to find the
				4089	size of the <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor needed to make all pixels
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4090	'similar', while '<kbd>MAE</kbd>' can be used to find out the factor needed
				4091	for about half the pixels to be similar. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4092
				4093	<p>The '<kbd>MEPP</kbd>' metric returns three different metrics
				4094	('<kbd>MAE</kbd>', '<kbd>MAE</kbd>' normalized, and '<kbd>PAE</kbd>'
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4095	normalized) from a single comparison run. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4096
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4097	<p>To print a complete list of metrics, use the <a href="#list">-list
				4098	metrics</a> option.</p>
				4099
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4100
cristy	d2baf7d	2010-03-06 04:26:44 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4101	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4102	<h4><a name="minimum" id="minimum"></a>-minimum</h4>
				4103	</div>
				4104
				4105	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>return the minimum intensity of an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4106
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4107
				4108	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4109	<h4><a name="mode" id="mode"></a>-mode <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				4110	</div>
				4111
				4112	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mode of operation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4113
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4114	<p>Choose the <em class="arg">value</em> from these styles: <kbd>Frame,
				4115	Unframe, or Concatenate</kbd></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4116
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4117	<p>Use the <a href="#list" >-list</a> option with a '<kbd>Mode</kbd>' argument
				4118	for a list of <a href="#mode" >-mode</a> arguments available in your
				4119	ImageMagick installation.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4120
				4121
				4122	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4123	<h4><a name="modulate" id="modulate"></a>-modulate <em class="arg">brightness</em>[,<em class="arg">saturation</em>,<em class="arg">hue</em>]</h4>
				4124	</div>
				4125
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4126	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Vary the <em class="arg">brightness</em>, <em
				4127	class="arg">saturation</em>, and <em class="arg">hue</em> of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4128
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4129	<p>The arguments are given as a percentages of variation. A value of 100 means
				4130	no change, and any missing values are taken to mean 100.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4131
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4132	<p>The <em class="arg">brightness</em> is a multiplier of the overall
				4133	brightness of the image, so 0 means pure black, 50 is half as bright, 200 is
				4134	twice as bright. To invert its meaning <a href="#negate">-negate</a> the image
				4135	before and after. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4136
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4137	<p>The <em class="arg">saturation</em> controls the amount of color in an
				4138	image. For example, 0 produce a grayscale image, while a large value such as
				4139	200 produce a very colorful, 'cartoonish' color.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4140
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4141	<p>The <em class="arg">hue</em> argument causes a "rotation" of the colors
				4142	within the image by the amount specified. For example, 50 results in
				4143	a counter-clockwise rotation of 90, mapping red shades to purple, and so on.
				4144	A value of either 0 or 200 results in a complete 180 degree rotation of the
				4145	image. Using a value of 300 is a 360 degree rotation resulting in no change to
				4146	the original image. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4147
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4148	<p>For example, to increase the color brightness by 20% and decrease the color
				4149	saturation by 10% and leave the hue unchanged, use <a
				4150	href="#modulate">-modulate 120,90</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4151
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4152	<p>Use <a href="#set">-set</a> attribute of '<kbd
				4153	class="arg">option:modulate:colorspace</kbd>' to specify which colorspace to
				4154	modulate. Choose from <kbd>HSB</kbd>, <kbd>HSL</kbd> (the default), or
				4155	<kbd>HWB</kbd>. For example,</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4156
				4157	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -set option:modulate:colorspace hsb -modulate 120,90 modulate.png</span></p>
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4158
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4159	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4160	<h4><a name="monitor" id="monitor"></a>-monitor</h4>
				4161	</div>
				4162
				4163	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>monitor progress.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4164
				4165
				4166	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4167	<h4><a name="monochrome" id="monochrome"></a>-monochrome</h4>
				4168	</div>
				4169
				4170	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>transform the image to black and white.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4171
				4172
				4173	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4174	<h4><a name="morph" id="morph"></a>-morph <em class="arg">frames</em></h4>
				4175	</div>
				4176
				4177	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>morphs an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4178
				4179	<p>Both the image pixels and size are linearly interpolated to give the
				4180	appearance of a meta-morphosis from one image to the next, over all the images
				4181	in the current image list. The added images are the equivalent of a <a
				4182	href="#blend">-blend</a> composition. The <em class="arg">frames</em>
				4183	argument determine how many images to interpolate between each image. </p>
				4184
				4185
				4186	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	488844c	2010-01-22 14:02:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4187	<h4><a name="morphology" id="morphology"></a>-morphology</h4>
				4188	<h4><a name="morphology" id="morphology"></a>-morphology <em class="arg">method</em> <em class="arg">kernel</em></h4>
				4189	</div>
				4190
cristy	2c83960	2010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4191	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a morphology method to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	488844c	2010-01-22 14:02:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4192
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4193	Until I get around to writing a option summary for this, see <A
				4194	HREF="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/morphology/" >IM Usage Examples,
				4195	Morphology</A>. </P>
				4196
				4197
cristy	488844c	2010-01-22 14:02:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4198	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4199	<h4><a name="mosaic" id="mosaic"></a>-mosaic</h4>
				4200	</div>
				4201
				4202	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>an simple alias for the <a href="#layers" >-layers</a> method "mosaic"</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4203
				4204
				4205	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4206	<h4><a name="motion-blur" id="motion-blur"></a>-motion-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-motion-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>+<em class="arg">angle</em></h4>
				4207	</div>
				4208
				4209	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate motion blur.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4210
				4211	<p>Blur with the given radius, standard deviation (sigma), and angle. The
				4212	angle given is the angle toward which the image is blurred. That is the
				4213	direction people would consider the object is coming from. </p>
				4214
				4215	<p>Note that the blur is not uniform distribution, giving the motion a
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4216	definite sense of direction of movement. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4217
				4218	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				4219	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				4220	</p>
				4221
				4222	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4223	<h4><a name="name" id="name"></a>-name</h4>
				4224	</div>
				4225
				4226	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>name an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4227	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4228	<h4><a name="negate" id="negate"></a>-negate</h4>
				4229	</div>
				4230
cristy	b29bc03	2010-02-01 20:29:43 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4231	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>replace each pixel with its complementary color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4232
				4233	<p>The red, green, and blue intensities of an image are negated. White becomes black, yellow becomes blue, etc. Use <a href="#negate">+negate</a> to only negate the grayscale pixels of the image.</p>
				4234
				4235	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4236	<h4><a name="noise" id="noise"></a>-noise <em class="arg">radius</em><br/>
				4237	+noise <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				4238	</div>
				4239
				4240	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Add or reduce noise in an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4241
				4242	<p>The principal function of noise peak elimination filter is to smooth the objects within an image without losing edge information and without creating undesired structures. The central idea of the algorithm is to replace a pixel with its next neighbor in value within a pixel window, if this pixel has been found to be noise. A pixel is defined as noise if and only if this pixel is a maximum or minimum within the pixel window.</p>
				4243
				4244	<p>Use <kbd><a href="#noise">-noise</a> <em class="arg">radius</em></kbd> to specify the width of the neighborhood when reducing noise.</p>
				4245
				4246	<p>Use <a href="#noise">+noise</a> followed by a noise <em class="arg">type</em> to add noise to an image. Choose from these noise types:</p>
				4247
				4248	<pre class="text">
				4249	Gaussian
				4250	Impulse
				4251	Laplacian
				4252	Multiplicative
				4253	Poisson
				4254	Random
				4255	Uniform
				4256	</pre>
				4257
				4258	<p>To print a complete list of noises, use the <a href="#list">-list noise</a> option.</p>
				4259
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4260	<p>Also see the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> noise functions that allos
				4261	the use of a controlling value to specify teh amount of noise that should be
				4262	added to an image. </p>
				4263
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4264
				4265	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4266	<h4><a name="normalize" id="normalize"></a>-normalize</h4>
				4267	</div>
				4268
				4269	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Increase the contrast in an image by <em>stretching</em> the range of intensity values.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4270
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4271	<p>The intensity values are stretched to cover the entire range of possible
				4272	values. While doing so, black-out at most <em>2%</em> of the pixels and
				4273	white-out at most <em>1%</em> of the pixels.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4274
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4275	<p>Note that as of ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <a href="#normalize" >-normalize</a>
				4276	is equivalent to <a href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch 2%x1%</a>.
				4277	(Before this version, it was equivalent to <a href="#contrast-stretch"
				4278	>-contrast-stretch 2%x99%</a>).</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4279
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4280	<p>All the channels are normalized in concert by the came amount so as to
				4281	preserve color integrity, when the default <a href="#channel" >+channel</a>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4282	setting is in use. Specifying any other <a href="#channel" >-channel</a>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4283	setting will normalize the RGB channels independently.</p>
				4284
				4285	<p>See <a href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</A> for more details.
				4286	Also see <a href="#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect' normalization
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4287	that is better suited to mathematically generated images. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4288
				4289	<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4290
				4291
				4292	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4293	<h4><a name="ordered-dither" id="ordered-dither"></a>-ordered-dither <em class="arg">threshold_map</em>{,<em class="arg">level</em>...}</h4>
				4294	</div>
				4295
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4296	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>dither the image using a pre-defined ordered dither <em
				4297	class="arg">threshold map</em> specified, and a uniform color map with the
				4298	given number of <em class="arg">levels</em> per color channel . </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4299
				4300	<p>You can choose from these standard threshold maps:</p>
				4301
				4302	<pre class="text">
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4303	threshold
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4304	checks
				4305	o2x2
				4306	o3x3
				4307	o4x4
				4308	o8x8
				4309	h4x4a
				4310	h6x6a
				4311	h8x8a
				4312	h4x4o
				4313	h6x6o
				4314	h8x8o
				4315	h16x16o
				4316	</pre>
				4317
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4318	<p>The '<kbd>o</kbd>' maps are ordered diffused pixel threshold maps, while the
				4319	'<kbd>h</kbd>' maps are halftone threshold maps which are either 'a' angled, or
				4320	'o' orthogonal. The '<kbd>checks</kbd>' produce a 3 level checkerbord dither
				4321	pattern. Or you can define your own <em class="arg" >threshold map</em> in a
				4322	personal or system "<kbd>thresholds.xml</kbd>" XML file. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4323
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4324	<p>To print a complete list of threshold, use the <a href="#list" >-list
				4325	threshold</a> option.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4326
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4327	<p>It is recommended that the <a href="#map" >+map</a> operator be used after
				4328	applying <a href="#ordered-dither" >-ordered-dither</a> to reduce the number of
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4329	colors an animated image sequence, to less that 256 colors. This ensures that
				4330	a common or global color table is used when saving the result to a color
				4331	limited file format such as GIF. </p>
				4332
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4333	<p>Note that at this time the exact same threshold dithering map is used for
				4334	all color channels, no attempt is made to offset or rotate the map for
				4335	different channels is made, to create an offset printing effect. (possible
				4336	future expansion) </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4337
				4338
				4339	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4340	<h4><a name="opaque" id="opaque"></a>-opaque <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				4341	</div>
				4342
				4343	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>change this color to the fill color within the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4344
cristy	c54f5d4	2009-11-27 21:36:31 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4345	<p>The <em class="arg">color</em> argument is defined using the format
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4346	described under the <a href="#fill" >-fill</a> option. The <a href="#fuzz"
				4347	>-fuzz</a> setting can be used to match and replace colors similar to the one
				4348	given.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4349
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4350	<p>Use <a href="#opaque">+opaque</a> to paint any pixel that does not match
				4351	the target color. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4352
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4353	<p>The <a href="#transparent">-transparent</a> operator is exactly the same
				4354	as <a href="#opaque" >-opaque</a> but replaces the matching color with
				4355	transparency rather than the current <a href="#fill">-fill</a> color setting.
				4356	To ensure that it can do this it also ensures that the image has an alpha
				4357	channel enabled, as per "<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> set</kbd>", for
				4358	the new transparent colors, and does not require you to modify the <a
				4359	href="#channel">-channel</a> to enable alpha channel handling. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4360
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4361
				4362	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4363	<h4><a name="orient" id="orient"></a>-orient <em class="arg">image orientation</em></h4>
				4364	</div>
				4365
				4366	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify orientation of a digital camera image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4367
				4368	<p>Choose from these orientations:</p>
				4369
				4370	<pre class="text">
				4371	bottom-left
				4372	bottom-right
				4373	left-bottom
				4374	left-top
				4375	right-bottom
				4376	right-top
				4377	top-left
				4378	top-right
				4379	undefined
				4380	</pre>
				4381
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4382	<p>To print a complete list of orientations, use the <a href="#list" >-list
				4383	orientation</a> option.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4384
				4385
				4386	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4387	<h4><a name="page" id="page"></a>-page <em class="arg">geometry</em><br/>
				4388	-page <em class="arg">media</em>[<em class="arg">offset</em>][{<em class="arg">^!<></em>}]<br/>
				4389	+page
				4390	</h4>
				4391	</div>
				4392
				4393	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the size and location of an image on the larger virtual canvas.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4394
				4395	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				4396
				4397	<p>For convenience you can specify the page size using <em class="arg">media</em> (see below). Offsets can then be added as with other <em class="arg">geometry</em> arguments (e.g. <a href="#page">-page</a> <kbd>Letter+43+43</kbd>).</p>
				4398
				4399	<p>Use <em class="arg">media</em> as shorthand to specify the dimensions (<em class="arg">width</em>x<em class="arg">height</em>) of the <em class="arg">PostScript</em> page in dots per inch or a TEXT page in pixels. The choices for a PostScript page are:</p>
				4400	<table id="geometryTable" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1" width="50%" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
				4401	<thead>
				4402	<tr valign="top">
				4403	<th align="center"><em class="arg">media</em></th>
				4404	<th align="center"><em class="arg">width</em></th>
				4405	<th align="center"><em class="arg">height</em></th>
				4406	</tr>
				4407	</thead>
				4408	<tbody>
				4409	<tr><td align="left"> 11x17 </td> <td align="right"> 792</td> <td align="right"> 1224</td> </tr>
				4410	<tr><td align="left"> Ledger </td> <td align="right"> 1224</td> <td align="right"> 792</td> </tr>
				4411	<tr><td align="left"> Legal </td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 1008</td> </tr>
				4412	<tr><td align="left"> Letter </td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 792</td> </tr>
				4413	<tr><td align="left"> LetterSmall</td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 792</td> </tr>
				4414	<tr><td align="left"> ArchE </td> <td align="right"> 2592</td> <td align="right"> 3456</td> </tr>
				4415	<tr><td align="left"> ArchD </td> <td align="right"> 1728</td> <td align="right"> 2592</td> </tr>
				4416	<tr><td align="left"> ArchC </td> <td align="right"> 1296</td> <td align="right"> 1728</td> </tr>
				4417	<tr><td align="left"> ArchB </td> <td align="right"> 864</td> <td align="right"> 1296</td> </tr>
				4418	<tr><td align="left"> ArchA </td> <td align="right"> 648</td> <td align="right"> 864</td> </tr>
				4419	<tr><td align="left"> A0 </td> <td align="right"> 2380</td> <td align="right"> 3368</td> </tr>
				4420	<tr><td align="left"> A1 </td> <td align="right"> 1684</td> <td align="right"> 2380</td> </tr>
				4421	<tr><td align="left"> A2 </td> <td align="right"> 1190</td> <td align="right"> 1684</td> </tr>
				4422	<tr><td align="left"> A3 </td> <td align="right"> 842</td> <td align="right"> 1190</td> </tr>
				4423	<tr><td align="left"> A4 </td> <td align="right"> 595</td> <td align="right"> 842</td> </tr>
				4424	<tr><td align="left"> A4Small </td> <td align="right"> 595</td> <td align="right"> 842</td> </tr>
				4425	<tr><td align="left"> A5 </td> <td align="right"> 421</td> <td align="right"> 595</td> </tr>
				4426	<tr><td align="left"> A6 </td> <td align="right"> 297</td> <td align="right"> 421</td> </tr>
				4427	<tr><td align="left"> A7 </td> <td align="right"> 210</td> <td align="right"> 297</td> </tr>
				4428	<tr><td align="left"> A8 </td> <td align="right"> 148</td> <td align="right"> 210</td> </tr>
				4429	<tr><td align="left"> A9 </td> <td align="right"> 105</td> <td align="right"> 148</td> </tr>
				4430	<tr><td align="left"> A10 </td> <td align="right"> 74</td> <td align="right"> 105</td> </tr>
				4431	<tr><td align="left"> B0 </td> <td align="right"> 2836</td> <td align="right"> 4008</td> </tr>
				4432	<tr><td align="left"> B1 </td> <td align="right"> 2004</td> <td align="right"> 2836</td> </tr>
				4433	<tr><td align="left"> B2 </td> <td align="right"> 1418</td> <td align="right"> 2004</td> </tr>
				4434	<tr><td align="left"> B3 </td> <td align="right"> 1002</td> <td align="right"> 1418</td> </tr>
				4435	<tr><td align="left"> B4 </td> <td align="right"> 709</td> <td align="right"> 1002</td> </tr>
				4436	<tr><td align="left"> B5 </td> <td align="right"> 501</td> <td align="right"> 709</td> </tr>
				4437	<tr><td align="left"> C0 </td> <td align="right"> 2600</td> <td align="right"> 3677</td> </tr>
				4438	<tr><td align="left"> C1 </td> <td align="right"> 1837</td> <td align="right"> 2600</td> </tr>
				4439	<tr><td align="left"> C2 </td> <td align="right"> 1298</td> <td align="right"> 1837</td> </tr>
				4440	<tr><td align="left"> C3 </td> <td align="right"> 918</td> <td align="right"> 1298</td> </tr>
				4441	<tr><td align="left"> C4 </td> <td align="right"> 649</td> <td align="right"> 918</td> </tr>
				4442	<tr><td align="left"> C5 </td> <td align="right"> 459</td> <td align="right"> 649</td> </tr>
				4443	<tr><td align="left"> C6 </td> <td align="right"> 323</td> <td align="right"> 459</td> </tr>
				4444	<tr><td align="left"> Flsa </td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 936</td> </tr>
				4445	<tr><td align="left"> Flse </td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 936</td> </tr>
				4446	<tr><td align="left"> HalfLetter </td> <td align="right"> 396</td> <td align="right"> 612</td> </tr>
				4447	</tbody>
				4448	</table>
				4449
				4450
				4451
				4452
				4453	<p>This option is also used to place subimages when writing to a multi-image format that supports offsets, such as GIF89 and MNG. When used for this purpose the offsets are always measured from the top left corner of the canvas and are not affected by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option. To position a GIF or MNG image, use <a href="#page">-page</a><em class="arg">{+-}x{+-}y</em> (e.g. -page +100+200). When writing to a MNG file, a <a href="#page">-page</a> option appearing ahead of the first image in the sequence with nonzero width and height defines the width and height values that are written in the <kbd>MHDR</kbd> chunk. Otherwise, the MNG width and height are computed from the bounding box that contains all images in the sequence. When writing a GIF89 file, only the bounding box method is used to determine its dimensions.</p>
				4454
				4455	<p>For a PostScript page, the image is sized as in <a href="#geometry">-geometry</a> but positioned relative to the <em>lower left-hand corner</em> of the page by {+-}<kbd>x</kbd><em class="arg">offset</em>{+-}<kbd>y</kbd> <em class="arg">offset</em>. Use <a href="#page">-page 612x792</a>, for example, to center the image within the page. If the image size exceeds the PostScript page, it is reduced to fit the page. The default gravity for the <a href="#page">-page</a> option is <em class="arg">NorthWest</em>, i.e., positive <kbd>x</kbd> and <kbd>y</kbd> <em class="arg">offset</em> are measured rightward and downward from the top left corner of the page, unless the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with a value other than <em class="arg">NorthWest</em>.</p>
				4456
				4457	<p>The default page dimensions for a TEXT image is 612x792.</p>
				4458
				4459	<p>This option is used in concert with <a href="#density">-density</a>.</p>
				4460
				4461	<p>Use <a href="#page">+page</a> to remove the page settings for an image.</p>
				4462
				4463	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4464	<h4><a name="paint" id="paint"></a>-paint <em class="arg">radius</em></h4>
				4465	</div>
				4466
				4467	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate an oil painting.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4468
				4469	<p>Each pixel is replaced by the most frequent color in a circular neighborhood whose width is specified with <em class="arg">radius</em>.</p>
				4470
				4471	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4472	<h4><a name="path" id="path"></a>-path <em class="arg">path</em></h4></div>
				4473
				4474	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>write images to this path on disk.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4475
				4476	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4477	<h4><a name="pause_animate_" id="pause_animate_"></a>-pause <em class="arg">seconds</em></h4>
				4478	</div>
				4479
				4480	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Pause between animation loops.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4481
				4482	<p>Pause for the specified number of seconds before repeating the animation.</p>
				4483
				4484	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4485	<h4><a name="pause_import_" id="pause_import_"></a>-pause <em class="arg">seconds</em></h4>
				4486	</div>
				4487
				4488	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Pause between snapshots.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/import.html">import</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4489
				4490	<p>Pause for the specified number of seconds before taking the next snapshot.</p>
				4491
				4492	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4493	<h4><a name="ping" id="ping"></a>-ping</h4>
				4494	</div>
				4495
				4496	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>efficiently determine image characteristics.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4497
				4498	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4499	<h4><a name="pointsize" id="pointsize"></a>-pointsize <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				4500	</div>
				4501
				4502	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>pointsize of the PostScript, OPTION1, or TrueType font.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4503
				4504	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4505	<h4><a name="polaroid" id="polaroid"></a>-polaroid <em class="arg">angle</em></h4>
				4506	</div>
				4507
				4508	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate a Polaroid picture.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4509
				4510	<p>Use <kbd>+polaroid</kbd> to rotate the image at a random angle between -15 and +15 degrees.</p>
				4511
				4512	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4513	<h4><a name="posterize" id="posterize"></a>-posterize <em class="arg">levels</em></h4>
				4514	</div>
				4515
				4516	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>reduce the image to a limited number of color levels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4517
				4518	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	d43a46b	2010-01-21 02:13:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4519	<h4><a name="precision" id="precision"></a>-precision <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				4520	</div>
				4521
				4522	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the maximum number of significant digits to be printed.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4523
				4524	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4525	<h4><a name="preview" id="preview"></a>-preview <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				4526	</div>
				4527
				4528	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>image preview type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4529
				4530	<p>Use this option to affect the preview operation of an image (e.g. <kbd>convert file.png -preview Gamma Preview:gamma.png</kbd>). Choose from these previews:</p>
				4531
				4532	<pre class="text">
				4533	Rotate
				4534	Shear
				4535	Roll
				4536	Hue
				4537	Saturation
				4538	Brightness
				4539	Gamma
				4540	Spiff
				4541	Dull
				4542	Grayscale
				4543	Quantize
				4544	Despeckle
				4545	ReduceNoise
				4546	Add Noise
				4547	Sharpen
				4548	Blur
				4549	Threshold
				4550	EdgeDetect
				4551	Spread
				4552	Shade
				4553	Raise
				4554	Segment
				4555	Solarize
				4556	Swirl
				4557	Implode
				4558	Wave
				4559	OilPaint
				4560	CharcoalDrawing
				4561	JPEG
				4562	</pre>
				4563
				4564	<p>To print a complete list of previews, use the <a href="#list">-list preview</a> option.</p>
				4565
				4566	<p>The default preview is <kbd>JPEG</kbd>.</p>
				4567
				4568	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4569	<h4><a name="print" id="print"></a>-print <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
				4570	</div>
				4571
				4572	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>interpret string and print to console.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4573
				4574	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4575	<h4><a name="process" id="process"></a>-process <em class="arg">command</em></h4>
				4576	</div>
				4577
				4578	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>process the image with a custom image filter.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4579
				4580	<p>The command arguments has the form <kbd>"module arg1 arg2 arg3 ... argN"</kbd> where <kbd>module</kbd> is the name of the module to invoke (e.g. "Analyze") and arg1 arg2 arg3 ... argN are an arbitrary number of arguments to pass to the process module.</p>
				4581
				4582	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4583	<h4><a name="profile" id="profile"></a>-profile <em class="arg">filename</em><br/>
				4584	+profile <em class="arg">profile_name</em></h4>
				4585	</div>
				4586
				4587	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Manage ICM, IPTC, or generic profiles in an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4588
				4589	<p>Using <a href="#profile">-profile</a> <em class="arg">filename</em> adds an ICM (ICC color management), IPTC (newswire information), or a generic profile to the image.</p>
				4590
				4591	<p>Use <a href="#profile">+profile <em class="arg">profile_name</em></a> to remove the indicated profile. ImageMagick uses standard filename globbing, so wildcard expressions may be used to remove more than one profile. Here we remove all profiles from the image except for the XMP profile: <kbd>+profile "!xmp,*"</kbd>. </p>
				4592
				4593	<p>Use <kbd>identify -verbose</kbd> to find out which profiles are in the image file. Use <a href="#strip">-strip</a> to remove all profiles (and comments).</p>
				4594
				4595	<p>To extract a profile, the <a href="#profile">-profile</a> option is not used. Instead, simply write the file to an image format such as <em class="arg">APP1, 8BImageMagick, ICM,</em> or <em class="arg">IPTC</em>.</p>
				4596
				4597	<p>For example, to extract the Exif data (which is stored in JPEG files in the <em class="arg">APP1</em> profile), use.</p>
				4598
				4599	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert cockatoo.jpg profile.exif</span></p>
				4600	<p>It is important to note that results may depend on whether or not the original image already has an included profile. Also, keep in mind that <a href="#profile">-profile</a> is an "operator" (as opposed to a "setting") and therefore a conversion is made each time it is encountered, in order, in the command-line. For instance, in the following example, if the original image is CMYK with profile, a CMYK-CMYK-RGB conversion results.</p>
				4601
				4602	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert CMYK.tif -profile "CMYK.icc" -profile "RGB.icc" RGB.tiff</span></p>
				4603	<p>Furthermore, since ICC profiles are not necessarily symmetric, extra conversion steps can yield unwanted results.
				4604	CMYK profiles are often very asymmetric since they involve 3−>4 and 4−>3 channel mapping.
				4605	</p>
				4606
				4607	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4608	<h4><a name="quality" id="quality"></a>-quality <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				4609	</div>
				4610
				4611	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4612
cristy	851dbce	2010-08-06 21:40:00 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4613	<p>For the JPEG and MPEG image formats, quality is 1 (lowest image quality and highest compression) to 100 (best quality but least effective compression). The default is to use the estimate quality of your input image otherwise 92. Use the <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor</a> option to specify the factors for chroma downsampling.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4614
				4615	<p>For the MIFF image format, quality/10 is the zlib compression level, which is 0 (worst but fastest compression) to 9 (best but slowest). It has no effect on the image appearance, since the compression is always lossless.</p>
				4616
cristy	851dbce	2010-08-06 21:40:00 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4617	<p>For the JPEG-2000 image format, quality is mapped using a non-linear equation to the compression ratio required by the Jasper library. This non-linear equation is intended to loosely approximate the quality provided by the JPEG v1 format. The default quality value 100, a request for non-lossy compression. A quality of 75 results in a request for 16:1 compression.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4618
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4619	<p>For the MNG and PNG image formats, the quality value sets the zlib compression level (quality / 10) and filter-type (quality % 10). For compression level 0, the Huffman-only strategy is used, which is fastest but not necessarily the worst compression. The default PNG compression is 75.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4620
				4621	<p>If filter-type is 4 or less, the specified filter-type is used for all scanlines:</p>
				4622
				4623	<pre class="text">
				4624	0: none
				4625	1: sub
				4626	2: up
				4627	3: average
				4628	4: Paeth
				4629	</pre>
				4630
				4631	<p>If filter-type is 5, adaptive filtering is used when quality is greater than 50 and the image does not have a color map, otherwise no filtering is used.</p>
				4632
				4633	<p>If filter-type is 6, adaptive filtering with <em class="arg">minimum-sum-of-absolute-values</em> is used.</p>
				4634
				4635	<p>Only if the output is MNG, if filter-type is 7, the LOCO color transformation and adaptive filtering with <em class="arg">minimum-sum-of-absolute-values</em> are used.</p>
				4636
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4637	<p>The quality setting has no effect on the appearance of PNG and MNG images, since the compression is always lossless.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4638
				4639	<p>For further information, see the <a href="http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/TR">PNG</a> specification.</p>
				4640
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4641	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4642	<h4><a name="quantize" id="quantize"></a>-quantize <em class="arg">colorspace</em></h4>
				4643	</div>
				4644
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4645	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>reduce colors using this colorspace.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4646
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4647	<p>This setting defines the colorspace used to sort out and reduce the number
				4648	of colors needed by an image (for later dithering) by operators such as <a
				4649	href="#colors" >-colors</a>, Note that color reducion also happens
				4650	automatically when saving images to color-limited image file formats, such as
				4651	GIF, and PNG8.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4652
				4653
				4654	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4655	<h4><a name="quiet" id="quiet"></a>-quiet</h4>
				4656	</div>
				4657
				4658	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>suppress all warning messages. Error messages are still reported.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4659
				4660	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4661	<h4><a name="radial-blur" id="radial-blur"></a>-radial-blur <em class="arg">angle</em></h4>
				4662	</div>
				4663
				4664	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Blur around the center of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4665
				4666	<p>Note that this is actually a rotational blur rather than a radial and as
				4667	such actually mis-named. </p>
				4668
				4669	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				4670	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				4671	</p>
				4672
				4673
				4674	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4675	<h4><a name="raise" id="raise"></a>-raise <em class="arg">thickness</em></h4>
				4676	</div>
				4677
				4678	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Lighten or darken image edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4679
				4680	<p>This will create a 3-D effect. Use <a href="#raise">-raise</a> to create a raised effect, otherwise use <a href="#raise">+raise</a>.
				4681	</p>
				4682
				4683	<p>Unlike the similar <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option, <a href="#raise">-raise</a> does not alter the dimensions of the image.</p>
				4684
				4685	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4686	<h4><a name="random-threshold" id="random-threshold"></a>-random-threshold <em class="arg">low</em>x<em class="arg">high</em></h4>
				4687	</div>
				4688
				4689	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a random threshold to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4690
				4691	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4692	<h4><a name="red-primary" id="red-primary"></a>-red-primary <em class="arg">x,y</em></h4>
				4693	</div>
				4694
				4695	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the red chromaticity primary point.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4696
				4697	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4698	<h4><a name="regard-warnings" id="regard-warnings"></a>-regard-warnings</h4>
				4699	</div>
				4700
				4701	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Pay attention to warning messages.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4702
				4703	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4704	<h4><a name="remap" id="remap"></a>-remap <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
				4705	</div>
				4706
				4707	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Reduce the number of colors in an image to the colors used by this image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4708
				4709	<p>If the <a href="#dither">-dither</a> setting is enabled (the default) then
				4710	the given colors are dithered over the image as necessary, otherwise the closest
				4711	color (in RGB colorspace) is selected to replace that pixel in the image. </p>
				4712
				4713	<p>As a side effect of applying a <a href="#remap">-remap</a> of colors across all
				4714	images in the current image sequence, all the images will have the same color
				4715	table. That means that when saved to a file format such as GIF, it will use
				4716	that color table as a single common or global color table, for all the images,
				4717	without requiring extra local color tables. </p>
				4718
				4719	<p>Use <a href="#remap">+remap</a> to reduce all images in the current image
				4720	sequence to use a common color map over all the images. This equivalent to
				4721	appending all the images together (without extra background colors) and color
				4722	reducing those images using <a href="#colors">-colors</a> with a 256 color
				4723	limit, then <a href="#remap">-remap</a> those colors over the original list of
				4724	images. This ensures all the images follow a single color map. </p>
				4725
				4726	<p>If the number of colors over all the images is less than 256, then <a
				4727	href="#remap">+remap</a> should not perform any color reduction or dithering, as
				4728	no color changes are needed. In that case, its only effect is to force the use
				4729	of a global color table. This recommended after using either <a
				4730	href="#colors">-colors</a> or <a href="#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a> to
				4731	reduce the number of colors in an animated image sequence. </p>
				4732
				4733	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4734	<h4><a name="region" id="region"></a>-region <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				4735	</div>
				4736
				4737	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a region in which subsequent operations apply.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4738
				4739	<p>The <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> offsets are treated in the same manner as in <a href="#crop">-crop</a>.</p>
				4740
				4741	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				4742
				4743	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4744	<h4><a name="remote" id="remote"></a>-remote</h4>
				4745	</div>
				4746
				4747	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>perform a remote operation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4748
				4749	<p>The only command recognized is the name of an image file to load.</p>
				4750
				4751	<p>If you have more than one <a href="../www/display.html">display</a> application running simultaneously, use the <a href="#window"> window</a> option to specify which application to control.</p>
				4752
				4753	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4754	<h4><a name="render" id="render"></a>-render</h4>
				4755	</div>
				4756
				4757	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>render vector operations.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4758
				4759	<p>Use <a href="#render">+render</a> to turn off rendering vector operations. This useful when saving the result to vector formats such as MVG or SVG.</p>
				4760
				4761	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4762	<h4><a name="repage" id="repage"></a>-repage <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				4763	</div>
				4764
				4765	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adjust the canvas and offset information of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4766
				4767	<p>This option is like <a href="#page">-page</a> but acts as an image operator
				4768	rather than a setting. You can separately set the canvas size or the offset
				4769	of the image on that canvas by only providing those components. </p>
				4770
				4771	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				4772
				4773	<p>If a <kbd>!</kbd> flag is given the offset given is added to the existing
				4774	offset to move the image relative to its previous position. This useful for
				4775	animation sequences. </p>
				4776
				4777	<p>A given a canvas size of zero such as '<kbd>0x0</kbd>' forces it to
				4778	recalculate the canvas size so the image (at its current offset) will appear
				4779	completely on that canvas (unless it has a negative offset).</p>
				4780
				4781	<p>Use <a href="#repage">+repage</a> to completely remove/reset the virtual
				4782	canvas meta-data from the images. </p>
				4783
				4784	<p>The <a href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd>page</kbd>' option can be used to
				4785	directly assign virtual canvas meta-data. </p>
				4786
				4787
				4788	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4789	<h4><a name="resample" id="resample"></a>-resample <em class="arg">horizontal</em>x<em class="arg">vertical</em></h4>
				4790	</div>
				4791
				4792	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Resample image to specified horizontal and vertical resolution.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4793
				4794	<p>Resize the image so that its rendered size remains the same as the original at the specified target resolution. For example, if a 300 DPI image renders at 3 inches by 2 inches on a 300 DPI device, when the image has been resampled to 72 DPI, it will render at 3 inches by 2 inches on a 72 DPI device. Note that only a small number of image formats (e.g. JPEG, PNG, and TIFF) are capable of storing the image resolution. For formats which do not support an image resolution, the original resolution of the image must be specified via <a href="#density">-density</a> on the command line prior to specifying the resample resolution.</p>
				4795
				4796	<p>Note that Photoshop stores and obtains image resolution from a proprietary embedded profile. If this profile exists in the image, then Photoshop will continue to treat the image using its former resolution, ignoring the image resolution specified in the standard file header.</p>
				4797
				4798	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4799	<h4><a name="resize" id="resize"></a>-resize <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				4800	</div>
				4801
				4802	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Resize an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4803
				4804	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are ignored, and the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
				4805
				4806	<p>If the <a href="#filter">-filter</a> option precedes the <a href="#resize">-resize</a> option, the image is resized with the specified filter.</p>
				4807
cristy	1353896	2010-02-26 17:53:04 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4808	<p>Many image processing algorithms assume your image is in a linear-light coding. If your image is gamma-corrected, you can remove the nonlinear gamma correction, apply the transform, then restore it like this:</p>
				4809
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4810	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert portrait.jpg -gamma .45455 -resize 25% -gamma 2.2 \ <br/> -quality 92 passport.jpg</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4811	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4812	<h4><a name="respect-parentheses" id="respect-parentheses"></a>-respect-parentheses</h4>
				4813	</div>
				4814
				4815	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>settings remain in effect until parenthesis boundary.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4816
				4817	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4818	<h4><a name="reverse" id="reverse"></a>-reverse</h4>
				4819	</div>
				4820
				4821	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Reverse the order of images in the current image list.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4822
				4823
				4824	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4825	<h4><a name="roll" id="roll"></a>-roll {<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em></h4>
				4826	</div>
				4827
				4828	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>roll an image vertically or horizontally by the amount given.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4829
				4830	<p>A negative <em class="arg">x</em> offset rolls the image left-to-right. A negative <em class="arg">y</em> offset rolls the image top-to-bottom.</p>
				4831
				4832
				4833	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4834	<h4><a name="rotate" id="rotate"></a>-rotate <em class="arg">degrees</em>{<em class="arg"><</em>}{<em class="arg">></em>}</h4>
				4835	</div>
				4836
				4837	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply Paeth image rotation (using shear operations) to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4838
				4839	<p>Use <kbd>></kbd> to rotate the image only if its width exceeds the height. <kbd><</kbd> rotates the image <em>only</em> if its width is less than the height. For example, if you specify <kbd>-rotate "-90>"</kbd> and the image size is 480x640, the image is not rotated. However, if the image is 640x480, it is rotated by -90 degrees. If you use <kbd>></kbd> or <kbd><</kbd>, enclose it in quotation marks to prevent it from being misinterpreted as a file redirection.</p>
				4840
				4841	<p>Empty triangles in the corners, left over from rotating the image, are
				4842	filled with the <kbd>background</kbd> color. </p>
				4843
				4844	<p>See also the <a href="#distort">-distort</a> operator and specifically the
				4845	'<kbd>ScaleRotateTranslate</kbd>' distort method. </p>
				4846
				4847
				4848	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4849	<h4><a name="sample" id="sample"></a>-sample <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				4850	</div>
				4851
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4852	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>minify/magnify the image using pixel subsampling and pixel replication, respectively.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4853
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4854	<p>Change the image size simply by directly sampling the pixels original
				4855	image. When magnifying, pixels are replicated in blocks. When minifying,
				4856	pixels are sub-sampled (i.e., some rows and columns are skipped over). </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4857
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4858	<p>The results are thus equivalent to using <a href="#resize">-resize</a> with
				4859	a <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting of <kbd>point</kbd> (nearest
				4860	neighbour), though <a href="#sample">-sample</a> is a lot faster, as it
				4861	avoids all the filter processing of the image. As such it completely ignores
				4862	the current <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting. </p>
				4863
				4864	<p>The key feature of the <a href="#sample">-sample</a> is that no new colors
				4865	will be added to the resulting image, though some colors may disappear. </p>
				4866
				4867	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are
				4868	ignored, unlike <a href="#resize">-resize</a>. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4869
				4870
				4871	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4872	<h4><a name="sampling-factor" id="sampling-factor"></a>-sampling-factor <em class="arg">horizontal-factor</em>x<em class="arg">vertical-factor</em></h4>
				4873	</div>
				4874
				4875	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>sampling factors used by JPEG or MPEG-2 encoder and YUV decoder/encoder.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4876
				4877	<p>This option specifies the sampling factors to be used by the JPEG encoder for chroma downsampling. If this option is omitted, the JPEG library will use its own default values. When reading or writing the YUV format and when writing the M2V (MPEG-2) format, use <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor 2x1</a> or <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor 4:2:2</a> to specify the 4:2:2 downsampling method.</p>
				4878
				4879	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4880	<h4><a name="scale" id="scale"></a>-scale <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				4881	</div>
				4882
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4883	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>minify/magnify the image using pixel block averaging and pixel replication, respectively.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4884
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4885	<p>Change the image size simply by replacing pixels by averaging pixels
				4886	together when minifying, or replacing pixels when magnifing. </p>
				4887
				4888	<p>The results are thus equivalent to using <a href="#resize">-resize</a> with
				4889	a <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting of <kbd>box</kbd>. Though it is a lot
				4890	faster, as it avoids all the filter processing of the image. As such it
				4891	completely ignores the current <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting. </p>
				4892
				4893	<p>If when shrinking (minifying) images the original image is some integer
				4894	multiple of the new image size, the number of pixels avergaed together to
				4895	produce the new pixel color is the same across the whole image. This is
				4896	a special case known as 'binning' and is often used as a method of reducing
				4897	noise in image such as those generated by digital cameras, especially in low
				4898	light conditions. </p>
				4899
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4900
				4901	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4902	<h4><a name="scene" id="scene"></a>-scene <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				4903	</div>
				4904
				4905	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set scene number.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4906
				4907	<p>This option sets the scene number of an image or the first image in an image sequence.</p>
				4908
				4909	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4910	<h4><a name="screen" id="screen"></a>-screen</h4>
				4911	</div>
				4912
				4913	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the screen to capture.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4914
				4915	<p>This option indicates that the GetImage request used to obtain the image should be done on the root window, rather than directly on the specified window. In this way, you can obtain pieces of other windows that overlap the specified window, and more importantly, you can capture menus or other popups that are independent windows but appear over the specified window.</p>
				4916
				4917	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4918	<h4><a name="seed" id="seed"></a>-seed</h4>
				4919	</div>
				4920
				4921	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>seed a new sequence of pseudo-random numbers</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4922
				4923	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4924	<h4><a name="segment" id="segment"></a>-segment <em class="arg">cluster-threshold</em>x<em class="arg">smoothing-threshold</em></h4>
				4925	</div>
				4926
				4927	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>segment the colors of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4928
				4929	<p>Segment an image by analyzing the histograms of the color components and identifying units that are homogeneous with the fuzzy c-means technique. This is part of the ImageMagick color quantization routines. </p>
				4930
				4931	<p>Specify <em class="arg">cluster threshold</em> as the number of pixels in each cluster that must exceed the cluster threshold to be considered valid. <em class="arg">Smoothing threshold</em> eliminates noise in the second derivative of the histogram. As the value is increased, you can expect a smoother second derivative. The default is 1.5.</p>
				4932
				4933	<p>If the <a href="#verbose">-verbose</a> setting is defined, a detailed report
				4934	of the color clusters is returned.</p>
				4935
				4936
				4937	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4938	<h4><a name="selective-blur" id="selective-blur"></a>-selective-blur <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				4939	</div>
				4940
				4941	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Selectively blur pixels within a contrast threshold.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4942
				4943	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4944	<h4><a name="separate" id="separate"></a>-separate</h4>
				4945	</div>
				4946
				4947	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>separate an image channel into a grayscale image. Specify the channel with <a href="#channel">-channel</a>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4948
				4949	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4950	<h4><a name="sepia-tone" id="sepia-tone"></a>-sepia-tone <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
				4951	</div>
				4952
				4953	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate a sepia-toned photo.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4954
				4955	<p>Specify <em class="arg">threshold</em> as the percent threshold of the intensity (0 - 99.9%).</p>
				4956
				4957	<p>This option applies a special effect to the image, similar to the effect achieved in a photo darkroom by sepia toning. Threshold ranges from 0 to <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> and is a measure of the extent of the sepia toning. A threshold of 80% is a good starting point for a reasonable tone.</p>
				4958
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4959
				4960
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4961	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4962	<h4><a name="set" id="set"></a>-set <em class="arg">key value</em></h4>
				4963	<h4><a name="set" id="set"></a>+set <em class="arg">key</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4964	</div>
				4965
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4966	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>sets image attributes and properties for images in the current
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4967	image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4968
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4969	<p>This will assign (or modify) specific settings attached to all the images
				4970	in the current image sequence. Using the <a href="#set">+set</a> form of the
				4971	option will either remove, or reset that setting to a default state, as
				4972	appropriate. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4973
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4974	<p>For example, it will modify specific well known image meta-data
				4975	'attributes' such as those normally overridden by: the options <a
				4976	href="#delay" >-delay</a>, <a href="#dispose" >-dispose</a>, and <a
				4977	href="#page" >-page</a>, <a href="#colorspace" >-colorspace</a>; generally
				4978	assigned before the image is read in, by using a <em class="arg">key</em> of
				4979	the same name. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4980
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4981	<p>If the given <em class="arg">key</em> does not match a specific known
				4982	'attribute ', such as shown above, the setting is stored as a a free form
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4983	'properity' string. Such settings are listed in <a href="#verbose"
				4984	>-verbose</a> information ("<kbd>info:</kbd>" output format) as "Properties".
				4985	</p>
				4986
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4987	<p>This includes string 'properities' that are set by and assigned to images
				4988	using the options <a href="#comment" >-comment</a>, <a href="#label"
				4989	>-label</a>, <a href="#caption" >-caption</a>. These options actually assign
				4990	a global 'artifact' which are automatically assigned (and any <a href="../www/escape.html" >Format Percent
				4991	Escapes</a> expanded) to images as they are read in. For example:</p>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4992
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4993	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set comment 'Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose' rose.png</span><span class='crtout'>identify -format %c rose.png</span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose</span></p>
				4994	<p>The set value can also make use of <a href="../www/escape.html" >Format and Print Image
				4995	Properties</a> in the defined value. For example:</p>
				4996
				4997	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set origsize '%wx%h' -resize 50% \</span><span class='crtout'> -format 'Old size = %[origsize] New size = %wx%h' info:</span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>Old size = 70x46 New size = 35x23</span></p>
				4998	<p>Other well known 'properities' that can be include:
				4999	'<kbd>date:create</kbd>' and '<kbd>date:modify</kbd>' and
				5000	'<kbd>signature</kbd>'. </p>
				5001
				5002	<p>The <a href="#repage">-repage</a> operator will also allow you to modify
				5003	the '<kbd>page</kbd>' attribute of an image for images already in memory (also
				5004	see <a href="#repage">-page</a>). However it is designed to provide a finer
				5005	control of the sub-parts of this 'attribute'. The <a href="#set">-set page</a>
				5006	option will only provide a direct, unmodified assignment of '<kbd>page</kbd>'
				5007	attribute. </p>
				5008
				5009	<p>This option can also associate a colorspace or profile with your image.
				5010	For example,</p>
				5011
				5012	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.psd -set profile ISOcoated_v2_eci.icc image-icc.psd</span></p>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5013	<p>Some 'properties' must be defined in a specific way to be used. For
				5014	example only 'properties' prefixed with "<kbd>filename:</kbd>" can be used to
				5015	modify the output filename of an image. For example</p>
				5016
				5017	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set filename:mysize '%wx%h' 'rose_%[filename:mysize].png'</span></p>
				5018	<p>If the setting value is prefixed with "<kbd>option:</kbd>" the setting will
				5019	be saved as a global "Artifact" exactly as if it was set using the <a
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5020	href="#define" >-define</a> option. As such settings are globel in scope, they
				5021	can be used to pass 'attributes' and 'properities' of one specific image,
				5022	in a way that allows you to use them in a completely different image, even if
				5023	the original image has long since been modified or destroyed. For example: </p>
				5024
				5025	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set option:rosesize '%wx%h' -delete 0 \</span><span class='crtout'> label:'%[rosesize]' label_size_of_rose.gif</span></p>
				5026	<p>Note that <a href="../www/escape.html" >Format Percent Escapes</a> will only match
				5027	a 'artifact' if the given <em class="arg">key</em> does not match an existing
				5028	'attribute' or 'properity'. </p>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5029
				5030	<p>You can set the attributes of the image registry by prefixing the value
				5031	with <kbd>registry:</kbd>.</p>
				5032
				5033
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5034
				5035	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5036	<h4><a name="shade" id="shade"></a>-shade <em class="arg">azimuth</em>x<em class="arg">elevation</em></h4>
				5037	</div>
				5038
				5039	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>shade the image using a distant light source.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5040
				5041	<p>Specify <em class="arg">azimuth</em> and <em class="arg">elevation</em> as the position of the light source. Use <a href="#shade">+shade</a> to return the shading results as a grayscale image.</p>
				5042
				5043	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5044	<h4><a name="shadow" id="shadow"></a>-shadow <em class="arg">percent-opacity</em>{x<em class="arg">sigma</em>}{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
				5045	</div>
				5046
				5047	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate an image shadow.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5048
				5049	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5050	<h4><a name="shared-memory"
				5051	id="shared-memory"></a>-shared-memory</h4>
				5052	</div>
				5053
				5054	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>use shared memory.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5055
				5056	<p>This option specifies whether the utility should attempt to use shared memory for pixmaps. ImageMagick must be compiled with shared memory support, and the display must support the <em class="arg">MIT-SHM</em> extension. Otherwise, this option is ignored. The default is <kbd>True</kbd>.</p>
				5057
				5058	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5059	<h4><a name="sharpen" id="sharpen"></a>-sharpen <em class="arg">radius</em>{x<em class="arg">sigma</em>}</h4>
				5060	</div>
				5061
				5062	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>sharpen the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5063
				5064	<p>Use a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma).</p>
				5065
				5066	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5067	<h4><a name="shave" id="shave"></a>-shave <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				5068	</div>
				5069
				5070	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Shave pixels from the image edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5071
				5072	<p>The <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument specifies the width of the region to be removed from both sides of the image and the height of the regions to be removed from top and bottom. Offsets are ignored.</p>
				5073
				5074	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				5075
				5076	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5077	<h4><a name="shear" id="shear"></a>-shear <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em>[x<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em>]</h4>
				5078	</div>
				5079
				5080	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Shear the image along the x-axis and/or y-axis.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5081
				5082	<p>The shear angles may be positive, negative, or zero. When <em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> is omitted it defaults to 0. When both angles are given, the horizontal component of the shear is performed before the vertical component.</p>
				5083
				5084	<p>Shearing slides one edge of an image along the x-axis or y-axis (i.e., horizontally or vertically, respectively),creating a parallelogram. The amount of each is controlled by the respective shear angle. For horizontal shears, <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em> is measured clockwise relative to "up" (the negative y-axis), sliding the top edge to the right when 0°<<em class="arg">Xdegrees</em><90° and to the left when 90°<<em class="arg">Xdegrees</em><180°. For vertical shears <em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> is measured clockwise relative to "right" (the positive x-axis), sliding the right edge down when 0°<<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em><90° and up when 90°<<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em><180°.</p>
				5085
				5086	<p>Empty triangles left over from shearing the image are filled with the color defined by the <a href="#fill">-background</a> option. The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				5087
				5088	<p>The horizontal shear is performed before the vertical part. This is important to note, since horizontal and vertical shears do not <em>commute</em>, i.e., the order matters in a sequence of shears. For example, the following two commands are not equivalent.</p>
				5089
				5090	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -shear 20x0 -shear 0x60 logo-sheared.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -shear 0x60 -shear 20x0 logo-sheared.png</span></p>
				5091	<p>The first of the two commands above is equivalent to the following, except for the amount of empty space created; the command that follows generates a smaller image, and so is a better choice in terms of time and space.</p>
				5092
				5093	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -shear 20x60 logo-sheared.png</span></p>
				5094	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5095	<h4><a name="sigmoidal" id="sigmoidal-contrast"></a>-sigmoidal-contrast <em class="arg">contrast</em>x<em class="arg">mid-point</em></h4>
				5096	</div>
				5097
				5098	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>increase the contrast without saturating highlights or shadows.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5099
				5100	<p>Increase the contrast of the image using a sigmoidal transfer function without saturating highlights or shadows. <em class="arg">Contrast</em> indicates how much to increase the contrast (0 is none; 3 is typical; 20 is a lot); <em class="arg">mid-point</em> indicates where midtones fall in the resultant image (0 is white; 50% is middle-gray; 100% is black). By default the image contrast is increased, use <em class="arg">+sigmoidal-contrast</em> to decrease the contrast.</p>
				5101
				5102	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5103	<h4><a name="silent" id="silent"></a>-silent</h4>
				5104	</div>
				5105
				5106	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>operate silently.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5107
				5108	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5109	<h4><a name="size" id="size"></a>-size <em class="arg">width</em>[x<em class="arg">height</em>][<em class="arg">+offset</em>]</h4>
				5110	</div>
				5111
				5112	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the width and height of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5113
				5114	<p>Use this option to specify the width and height of raw images whose dimensions are unknown such as <kbd>GRAY</kbd>, <kbd>RGB</kbd>, or <kbd>CMYK</kbd>. In addition to width and height, use <a href="#size">-size</a> with an offset to skip any header information in the image or tell the number of colors in a <kbd>MAP</kbd> image file, (e.g. -size 640x512+256).</p>
				5115
				5116	<p>For Photo CD images, choose from these sizes:</p>
				5117
				5118	<pre class="text">
				5119	192x128
				5120	384x256
				5121	768x512
				5122	1536x1024
				5123	3072x2048
				5124	</pre>
				5125
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5126	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5127	<h4><a name="sketch" id="sketch"></a>-sketch <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-sketch <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>+<em class="arg">angle</em></h4>
				5128	</div>
				5129
				5130	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate a pencil sketch.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5131
				5132	<p>Sketch with the given radius, standard deviation (sigma), and angle. The angle given is the angle toward which the image is sketched. That is the direction people would consider the object is coming from. </p>
				5133
				5134	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5135	<h4><a name="snaps" id="snaps"></a>-snaps <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				5136	</div>
				5137
				5138	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the number of screen snapshots.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/import.html">import</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5139
				5140	<p>Use this option to grab more than one image from the X server screen, to create an animation sequence.</p>
				5141
				5142	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5143	<h4><a name="solarize" id="solarize"></a>-solarize <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
				5144	</div>
				5145
				5146	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>negate all pixels above the threshold level.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5147
				5148	<p>Specify <em class="arg">factor</em> as the percent threshold of the intensity (0 - 99.9%).</p>
				5149
				5150	<p>This option produces a <em class="arg">solarization</em> effect seen when exposing a photographic film to light during the development process.</p>
				5151
				5152	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5153	<h4><a name="sparse-color" id="sparse-color"></a>-sparse-color <em
				5154	class="arg">method</em> '<em class="arg">x</em>,<em class="arg">y</em> <em class="arg">color</em> ...'</h4>
				5155	</div>
				5156
				5157	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'> color the given image using the specified points of color, and filling the other intervening colors using the given methods. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5158
				5159
				5160	<table class="doc">
				5161	<tbody>
				5162	<tr valign="top">
				5163	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				5164	<th align="left">Description</th>
				5165	</tr>
				5166
				5167	<tr valign="top">
				5168	<td valign="top">voronoi</td>
				5169	<td valign="top">Simply map each pixel to the to nearest color point
				5170	given. The result are polygonal 'cells' of solid color. </td>
				5171	</tr>
				5172
				5173	<tr valign="top">
				5174	<td valign="top">shepards</td>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5175	<td valign="top">Colors points biased on the ratio of inverse distance
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5176	squared. Generating spots of color in a sea of the average of
				5177	colors. </td>
				5178	</tr>
				5179
				5180	<tr valign="top">
				5181	<td valign="top">barycentric</td>
				5182	<td valign="top">three point triangle of color given 3 points.
				5183	Giving only 2 points will form a linear gradient between those points.
				5184	Gradient is however not restricted to just the triangle or line. </td>
				5185	</tr>
				5186
				5187	<tr valign="top">
				5188	<td valign="top">bilinear</td>
				5189	<td valign="top">Like barycentric but for 4 points. Less than 4 points
				5190	fall back to barycentric. </td>
				5191	</tr>
				5192
				5193	</tbody>
				5194	</table>
				5195
				5196	<p>The points are placed according to the images location on the virtual
				5197	canvas (<a href="#page" >-page</a> or <a href="#repage" >-repage</a>
				5198	offset), and do not actually have to exist on the given image, but may be
				5199	some point beyond the edge of the image. All points are floating point values.
				5200	</p>
				5201
				5202	<p>Only the color channels defined by the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> are
				5203	modified, whcih means the matte/alpha transparency channel is not effected by
				5204	default. If enabled, the image also needs a the matte/alpha channel to be
				5205	enabled for this operator to effect an images transparency. This is typical
				5206	transparency handling for images. </p>
				5207
				5208	<p>All the above methods when given a single point of color will replace all
				5209	the colors in the image with the color given, regardless of the point. This is
				5210	logical, and provides an alternative technique to recolor a image to some
				5211	default value. </p>
				5212
				5213
				5214	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5215	<h4><a name="splice" id="splice"></a>-splice <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				5216	</div>
				5217
				5218	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Splice the current background color into the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5219
				5220	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. See <a href="#background">-background</a> to reset the background color.</p>
				5221
				5222	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5223	<h4><a name="spread" id="spread"></a>-spread <em class="arg">amount</em></h4>
				5224	</div>
				5225
				5226	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>displace image pixels by a random amount.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5227
				5228	<p>The argument <em class="arg">amount</em> defines the size of the neighborhood around each pixel from which to choose a candidate pixel to swap.</p>
				5229
				5230	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5231	<h4><a name="stegano" id="stegano"></a>-stegano <em class="arg">offset</em></h4>
				5232	</div>
				5233
				5234	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>hide watermark within an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5235
				5236	<p>Use an offset to start the image hiding some number of pixels from the beginning of the image. Note this offset and the image size. You will need this information to recover the steganographic image (e.g. display -size 320x256+35 stegano:image.png).</p>
				5237
				5238	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5239	<h4><a name="stereo" id="stereo"></a>-stereo <em class="arg">+x</em>{<em class="arg">+y</em>}</h4>
				5240	</div>
				5241
				5242	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>composite two images to create a stereo anaglyph.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5243
				5244	<p>The left side of the stereo pair is saved as the red channel of the output image. The right side is saved as the green channel. Red-green stereo glasses are required to properly view the stereo image.</p>
				5245
				5246	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5247	<h4><a name="storage-type" id="storage-type"></a>-storage-type <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				5248	</div>
				5249
				5250	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>pixel storage type. Here are the valid types:</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5251
				5252	<pre class="text">
				5253	char store pixels as unsigned characters
				5254	double store pixels as doubles
				5255	float store pixels as floats
				5256	integer store pixels as integers
				5257	long store pixels as longs
				5258	quantum store pixels in the native depth of your ImageMagick distribution
				5259	short store pixels as unsigned shorts
				5260	</pre>
				5261
				5262	<p>Float and double types are normalized from 0.0 to 1.0 otherwise the pixels
				5263	values range from 0 to the maximum value the storage type can support.</p>
				5264
				5265	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5266	<h4><a name="stretch" id="stretch"></a>-stretch <em class="arg">fontStretch</em></h4>
				5267	</div>
				5268
				5269	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a type of stretch style for fonts.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5270
				5271	<p>This setting suggests a type of stretch that ImageMagick should try to apply to the currently selected font family. Select <em class="arg">fontStretch</em> from the following.</p>
				5272
				5273	<pre class="text">
				5274	Any
				5275	Condensed
				5276	Expanded
				5277	ExtraCondensed
				5278	ExtraExpanded
				5279	Normal
				5280	SemiCondensed
				5281	SemiExpanded
				5282	UltraCondensed
				5283	UltraExpanded
				5284	</pre>
				5285
				5286	<p>To print a complete list of stretch types, use <a href="#list">-list stretch</a>.</p>
				5287
				5288	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#style">-style</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
				5289
				5290	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5291	<h4><a name="strip" id="strip"></a>-strip</h4>
				5292	</div>
				5293
				5294	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>strip the image of any profiles or comments.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5295
				5296	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5297	<h4><a name="stroke" id="stroke"></a>-stroke <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				5298	</div>
				5299
				5300	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>color to use when stroking a graphic primitive.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5301
				5302	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				5303
				5304	<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				5305
				5306	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5307	<h4><a name="strokewidth" id="strokewidth"></a>-strokewidth <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				5308	</div>
				5309
				5310	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the stroke width.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5311
				5312	<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				5313
				5314	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5315	<h4><a name="style" id="style"></a>-style <em class="arg">fontStyle</em></h4>
				5316	</div>
				5317
				5318	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a font style for text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5319
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5320	<p>This setting suggests a font style that ImageMagick should try to apply to
				5321	the currently selected font family. Select <em class="arg">fontStyle</em> from
				5322	the following.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5323
				5324	<pre class="text">
				5325	Any
				5326	Italic
				5327	Normal
				5328	Oblique
				5329	</pre>
				5330
				5331	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
				5332
				5333	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	ae6203d	2010-08-09 01:12:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5334	<h4><a name="subimage-search" id="subimage-search"></a>-subimage-search</h4>
				5335	</div>
				5336
cristy	d4d64ed	2010-08-22 22:19:33 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5337	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>search for subimage.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/compare.html">compare</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5338
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5339	<p>This option is required to have compare search for the best match location
				5340	of a small image within a larger image. This search will produce two images
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5341	(or two frames). The first is the "difference" image and the second will
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5342	be the "match score" image.</p>
				5343
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5344	<p>The "match-score" image is smaller containing a pixel for ever possible
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5345	position of the top-left corner of the given sub-image. that is its size will
				5346	be the size of the larger_image - sub_image + 1. The brightest location in
				5347	this image is the location s the locate on the best match that is also
				5348	reported. Note that this may or may nor be a perfect match, and the actual
				5349	brightness will reflect this. Other bright 'peaks' can be used to locate other
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5350	possible matching loctions. </p>
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5351
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5352	<p>Note that the search will try to compare teh sub-image at every possible
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5353	location in the larger image, as such it can be very slow. The smaller the
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5354	sub-image the faster this search is. </p>
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5355
cristy	ae6203d	2010-08-09 01:12:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5356
				5357	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5358	<h4><a name="swap" id="swap"></a>-swap <em class="arg">index,index</em></h4>
				5359	</div>
				5360
				5361	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Swap the positions of two images in the image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5362
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5363	<p>For example, <a href="#swap">-swap 0,2</a> swaps the first and the third
				5364	images in the current image sequence. Use <a href="#swap">+swap</a> to switch
				5365	the last two images in the sequence.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5366
				5367	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5368	<h4><a name="swirl" id="swirl"></a>-swirl <em class="arg">degrees</em></h4>
				5369	</div>
				5370
				5371	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>swirl image pixels about the center.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5372
				5373	<p><em class="arg">Degrees</em> defines the tightness of the swirl.</p>
				5374
				5375	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5376	<h4><a name="taint" id="taint"></a>-taint</h4>
				5377	</div>
				5378
				5379	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mark the image as modified even if it isn't.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5380
				5381	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5382	<h4><a name="text-font" id="text-font"></a>-text-font <em class="arg">name</em></h4>
				5383	</div>
				5384
				5385	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>font for writing fixed-width text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5386
				5387	<p>Specifies the name of the preferred font to use in fixed (typewriter style) formatted text. The default is 14 point <em class="arg">Courier</em>.</p>
				5388
				5389	<p>You can tag a font to specify whether it is a PostScript, TrueType, or OPTION1 font. For example, <kbd>Courier.ttf</kbd> is a TrueType font and <kbd>x:fixed</kbd> is OPTION1.</p>
				5390
				5391	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5392	<h4><a name="texture" id="texture"></a>-texture <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
				5393	</div>
				5394
				5395	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>name of texture to tile onto the image background.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5396
				5397	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5398	<h4><a name="threshold" id="threshold"></a>-threshold <em class="arg">value</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
				5399	</div>
				5400
				5401	<!-- {<em class="arg">green,blue,opacity</em>}
				5402	<p>If the green or blue value is omitted, these channels use the same value as the first one provided. If all three color values are the same, the result is a bi-level image. If the opacity threshold is omitted, OpaqueOpacity is used and any partially transparent pixel becomes fully transparent.</p>
				5403	-->
				5404
				5405	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply simultaneous black/white threshold to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5406
				5407	<p>Any pixel values (more specifically, those channels set using <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a>) that exceed the specified threshold are reassigned the maximum channel value, while all other values are assigned the minimum.</p>
				5408
				5409	<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer value corresponding to the desired channel value. When given as an integer, the minimum attainable value is 0 (corresponding to black when all channels are affected), but the maximum value (corresponding to white) is that of the <kbd>quantum depth</kbd> of the particular build of ImageMagick, and is therefore dependent on the installation. For that reason, a reasonable recommendation for most applications is to specify the threshold values as a percentage.
				5410	</p>
				5411
				5412	<p> The following would force pixels with red values above 50% to have 100% red values, while those at or below 50% red would be set to 0 in the red channel. The green, blue, and alpha channels (if present) would be unchanged. </p>
				5413
				5414	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -channel red -threshold 50% out.png</span></p>
				5415	<p>As (possibly) impractical but instructive examples, the following would generate an all-black and an all-white image with the same dimensions as the input image.</p>
				5416
				5417
				5418	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -threshold 100% black.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -threshold -1 white.png</span></p>
				5419	<p>Note that the values of the transparency channel is treated as 'matte'
				5420	values (0 is opaque) and not as 'alpha' values (0 is transparent).</p>
				5421
				5422	<p> See also <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#black-threshold">‑black‑threshold</a> and <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#white-threshold">‑white‑threshold</a>.
				5423	</p>
				5424
				5425	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5426	<h4><a name="thumbnail" id="thumbnail"></a>-thumbnail <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				5427	</div>
				5428
				5429	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Create a thumbnail of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5430
				5431	<p>This is similar to <a href="#resize">-resize</a>, except it is optimized for speed and any image profile, other than a color profile, is removed to reduce the thumbnail size. To strip the color profiles as well, add <a href="#strip">-strip</a> just before of after this option.</p>
				5432
				5433	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				5434
				5435	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5436	<h4><a name="tile" id="tile"></a>-tile <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
				5437	</div>
				5438
				5439	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the tile image used for filling a subsequent graphic primitive.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5440
				5441	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5442	<h4>-tile <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				5443	</div>
				5444
				5445	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify the layout of images .</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5446
				5447	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				5448
				5449	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5450	<h4>-tile</h4>
				5451	</div>
				5452
				5453	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specifies that a subsequent composite operation is repeated across and down image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5454
				5455	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5456	<h4><a name="tile-offset" id="tile-offset"></a>-tile-offset {<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em></h4>
				5457	</div>
				5458
				5459	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify the offset for tile images, relative to the background image it is tiled on.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5460
				5461	<p>This should be set before the tiling image is set by <a href="#tile" >-tile</a> or <a href="#texture" >-texture</a>, or directly applied for creating a tiled canvas using <kbd>TILE:</kbd> or <kbd>PATTERN:</kbd> input formats. </p>
				5462
				5463	<p>Internally ImageMagick does a <a href="#roll" >-roll</a> of the tile image by the arguments given when the tile image is set. </p>
				5464
				5465	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5466	<h4><a name="tint" id="tint"></a>-tint <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				5467	</div>
				5468
				5469	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Tint the image with the fill color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5470
				5471	<p>Tint the image with the fill color.</p>
				5472
				5473	<p>Specify the amount of tinting as a percentage. Pure colors like black, white red, yellow, will not be affected by -tint. Only mid-range colors such as the various shades of grey.</p>
				5474
				5475	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5476	<h4><a name="title" id="title"></a>-title <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
				5477	</div>
				5478
				5479	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Assign a title to displayed image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>, <a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5480
				5481	<p>Use this option to assign a specific title to the image. This assigned to the image window and is typically displayed in the window title bar. Optionally you can include the image filename, type, width, height, Exif data, or other image attribute by embedding special format characters described under the <a href="#format">-format</a> option.</p>
				5482
				5483	<p>For example,</p>
				5484
				5485	<p class="crtsnip">
				5486	-title "%m:%f %wx%h"
				5487	</p>
				5488
				5489	<p>produces an image title of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> for an image titled <kbd>bird.miff</kbd> and whose width is 512 and height is 480.</p>
				5490
				5491
				5492	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5493	<h4><a name="transform" id="transform"></a>-transform</h4>
				5494	</div>
				5495
				5496	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>transform the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5497
				5498	<p>This option applies the transformation matrix from a previous <a href="#affine">-affine</a> option.</p>
				5499
				5500	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -affine 2,2,-2,2,0,0 -transform bird.ppm bird.jpg</span></p>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5501
				5502	<p>This operator has been now been superseded by the <a
				5503	href="#distort">-distort</a> '<kbd>AffineProjection</kbd>' method. </p>
				5504
				5505
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5506	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5507	<h4><a name="transparent" id="transparent"></a>-transparent <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				5508	</div>
				5509
				5510	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Make this color transparent within the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5511
				5512	<p>The <em class="arg">color</em> argument is defined using the format
				5513	described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option. The <a href="#fuzz"
				5514	>-fuzz</a> setting can be used to match and replace colors similar to the one
				5515	given. </p>
				5516
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5517	<p>Use <a href="#transparent" >+transparent</a> to invert the pixels matched.
				5518	that is make all non-matching colors transparent. </p>
				5519
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5520	<p>The <a href="#opaque">-opaque</a> operator is exactly the same as <a
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5521	href="#transparent" >-transparent</a> but replaces the matching color with the
				5522	current <a href="#fill">-fill</a> color setting, rather than transparent.
				5523	However the <a href="#transparent" >-transparent</a> operator also ensures
				5524	that the image has an alpha channel enabled, as per "<kbd><a href="#alpha"
				5525	>-alpha</a> set</kbd>", and does not require you to modify the <a
				5526	href="#channel">-channel</a> to enable alpha channel handling. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5527
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5528	<p>Note that this does not define the color as being the 'transparency color'
				5529	used for color-mapped image formats, such as GIF. For that use <a
				5530	href="#transparent-color" >-transparent-color</a> </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5531
				5532
				5533	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5534	<h4><a name="transparent-color" id="transparent-color"></a>-transparent-color <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				5535	</div>
				5536
				5537	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the transparent color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5538
				5539	<p>Sometimes this is used for saving to image formats such as
				5540	GIF and PNG8 which uses this color to represent boolean transparency. This
				5541	does not make a color transparent, it only defines what color the transparent
				5542	color is in the color palette of the saved image. Use <a
				5543	href="#transparent">-transparent</a> to make an opaque color transparent.</p>
				5544
				5545	<p>This option allows you to have both an opaque visible color, as well as a
				5546	transparent color of the same color value without conflict. That is, you can
				5547	use the same color for both the transparent and opaque color areas within an
				5548	image. This, in turn, frees to you to select a transparent color that is
				5549	appropriate when an image is displayed by an application that does not handle a
				5550	transparent color index, while allowing ImageMagick to correctly handle images of this
				5551	type. </p>
				5552
				5553	<p>The default transparent color is <kbd>#00000000</kbd>, which is fully transparent black.</p>
				5554
				5555	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5556	<h4><a name="transpose" id="transpose"></a>-transpose</h4>
				5557	</div>
				5558
				5559	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mirror the image along the top-left to bottom-right diagonal.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5560
				5561	<p> This option mathematically transposes the pixel array. It is equivalent to the sequence <kbd>-flip -rotate 90</kbd>.
				5562	</p>
				5563
				5564	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5565	<h4><a name="transverse" id="transverse"></a>-transverse</h4>
				5566	</div>
				5567
				5568	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mirror the image along the images bottom-left top-right diagonal. Equivalent to the operations <kbd>-flop -rotate 90</kbd>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5569
				5570
				5571	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5572	<h4><a name="treedepth" id="treedepth"></a>-treedepth <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				5573	</div>
				5574
				5575	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>tree depth for the color reduction algorithm.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5576
				5577	<p>Normally, this integer value is zero or one. A value of zero or one causes the use of an optimal tree depth for the color reduction algorithm.</p>
				5578
				5579	<p>An optimal depth generally allows the best representation of the source image with the fastest computational speed and the least amount of memory. However, the default depth is inappropriate for some images. To assure the best representation, try values between 2 and 8 for this parameter. Refer to the <a href="../www/quantize.html">color reduction algorithm</a> for more details.</p>
				5580
				5581	<p>The <a href="#colors">-colors</a> or <a href="#monochrome">-monochrome</a> option, or writing to an image format which requires color reduction, is required for this option to take effect.</p>
				5582
				5583	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5584	<h4><a name="trim" id="trim"></a>-trim</h4>
				5585	</div>
				5586
				5587	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>trim an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5588
				5589	<p>This option removes any edges that are exactly the same color as the corner pixels. Use <a href="#fuzz">-fuzz</a> to make <a href="#trim">-trim</a> remove edges that are nearly the same color as the corner pixels.</p>
				5590
				5591	<p>The page or virtual canvas information of the image is preserved allowing
				5592	you to extract the result of the <a href="#trim">-trim</a> operation from the
				5593	image. Use a <a href="#repage">+repage</a> to remove the virtual canvas page
				5594	information if it is unwanted.</p>
				5595
				5596	<p>If the trimmed image 'disappears' an warning is produced, and a special
				5597	single pixel transparent 'missed' image is returned, in the same way as when a
				5598	<a href="#crop">-crop</a> operation 'misses' the image proper. </p>
				5599
				5600
				5601	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5602	<h4><a name="type" id="type"></a>-type <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				5603	</div>
				5604
				5605	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the image type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5606	<p>Choose from: <kbd>Bilevel</kbd>, <kbd>Grayscale</kbd>, <kbd>GrayscaleMatte</kbd>, <kbd>Palette</kbd>, <kbd>PaletteMatte</kbd>, <kbd>TrueColor</kbd>, <kbd>TrueColorMatte</kbd>, <kbd>ColorSeparation</kbd>, <kbd>ColorSeparationMatte</kbd>, or <kbd>Optimize</kbd>.</p>
				5607
				5608	<p>Normally, when a format supports different subformats such as grayscale and truecolor, the encoder will try to choose an efficient subformat. The <a href="#type">-type</a> option can be used to overrride this behavior. For example, to prevent a JPEG from being written in grayscale format even though only gray pixels are present, use.</p>
				5609
				5610	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert bird.png -type TrueColor bird.jpg</span></p>
				5611	<p>Similarly, use <a href="#type">-type TrueColorMatte</a> to force the encoder to write an alpha channel even though the image is opaque, if the output format supports transparency.</p>
				5612
				5613	<p>Use <a href="#type">-type optimize</a> to ensure the image is written in the smallest possible file size.</p>
				5614
				5615	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5616	<h4><a name="undercolor" id="undercolor"></a>-undercolor <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				5617	</div>
				5618
				5619	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the color of the annotation bounding box.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5620
				5621	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				5622
				5623	<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				5624
				5625
				5626	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5627	<h4><a name="update" id="update"></a>-update <em class="arg">seconds</em></h4>
				5628	</div>
				5629
				5630	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>detect when image file is modified and redisplay.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5631
				5632	<p>Suppose that while you are displaying an image the file that is currently displayed is over-written. <kbd>display</kbd> will automagically detect that the input file has been changed and update the displayed image accordingly.</p>
				5633
				5634
				5635	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5636	<h4><a name="unique-colors" id="unique-colors"></a>-unique-colors</h4>
				5637	</div>
				5638
				5639	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>discard all but one of any pixel color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5640
				5641
				5642	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5643	<h4><a name="units" id="units"></a>-units <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				5644	</div>
				5645
				5646	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the units of image resolution.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5647
				5648	<p>Choose from: <kbd>Undefined</kbd>, <kbd>PixelsPerInch</kbd>, or <kbd>PixelsPerCentimeter</kbd>. This option is normally used in conjunction with the <a href="#density">-density</a> option.</p>
				5649
				5650
				5651	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5652	<h4><a name="unsharp" id="unsharp"></a>-unsharp <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-unsharp <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>{<em class="arg">+amount</em>}{<em class="arg">+threshold</em>}</h4>
				5653	</div>
				5654
				5655	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>sharpen the image with an unsharp mask operator.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5656
				5657	<p>The <a href="#unsharp">-unsharp</a> option sharpens an image. The image is convolved with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma). For reasonable results, radius should be larger than sigma. Use a radius of 0 to have the method select a suitable radius.</p>
				5658
				5659	<p>The parameters are:</p>
				5660
				5661	<pre class="text">
				5662	radius: The radius of the Gaussian, in pixels, not counting the center
				5663	pixel (default 0).
				5664	sigma: The standard deviation of the Gaussian, in pixels (default 1.0).
				5665	amount: The fraction of the difference between the original and the blur
				5666	image that is added back into the original (default 1.0).
				5667	threshold: The threshold, as a fraction of <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>, needed to apply the
				5668	difference amount (default 0.05).
				5669	</pre>
				5670
				5671
				5672	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5673	<h4><a name="verbose" id="verbose"></a>-verbose</h4>
				5674	</div>
				5675
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5676	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>print detailed information about the image when this option precedes the <a href="#identify">-identify</a> option or <kbd>info:</kbd>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5677
				5678
				5679	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5680	<h4><a name="version" id="version"></a>-version</h4>
				5681	</div>
				5682
				5683	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>print ImageMagick version string and exit.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5684
				5685
				5686	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5687	<h4><a name="view" id="view"></a>-view <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
				5688	</div>
				5689
				5690	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>FlashPix viewing parameters.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5691
				5692
				5693	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5694	<h4><a name="vignette" id="vignette"></a>-vignette <em class="arg">radius</em>{x<em class="arg">sigma</em>}{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
				5695	</div>
				5696
				5697	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>soften the edges of the image in vignette style.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5698
				5699
				5700	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5701	<h4><a name="virtual-pixel" id="virtual-pixel"></a>-virtual-pixel <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
				5702	</div>
				5703
				5704	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify contents of <em>virtual pixels</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5705
				5706	<p>This option defines what color source should be used if and when a color
				5707	lookup completely 'misses' the source image. The color(s) that appear to
				5708	surround the source image. Generally this color is derived from the source
				5709	image, but could also be set to a specify background color. </p>
				5710
				5711	<p>Choose from these methods:</p>
				5712
				5713	<pre class="text">
				5714	background: the area surrounding the image is the background color
				5715	black: the area surrounding the image is black
				5716	checker-tile: alternate squares with image and background color
				5717	dither: non-random 32x32 dithered pattern
				5718	edge: extend the edge pixel toward infinity
				5719	gray: the area surrounding the image is gray
				5720	horizontal-tile: horizontally tile the image, background color above/below
				5721	horizontal-tile-edge: horizontally tile the image and replicate the side edge pixels
				5722	mirror: mirror tile the image
				5723	random: choose a random pixel from the image
				5724	tile: tile the image (default)
				5725	transparent: the area surrounding the image is transparent blackness
				5726	vertical-tile: vertically tile the image, sides are background color
				5727	vertical-tile-edge: vertically tile the image and replicate the side edge pixels
				5728	white: the area surrounding the image is white
				5729	</pre>
				5730
				5731	<p>The default value is "edge".</p>
				5732
				5733	<p>This most important for distortion operators such as <a href="#distort"
				5734	>-distort</a>, <a href="#implode" >-implode</a>, and <a href="#fx" >-fx</a>.
				5735	However it also effects operations that may access pixels just outside the
				5736	image proper, such as <a href="#convolve">-convolve</a>, <a
				5737	href="#blur">-blur</a>, and <a href="#sharpen">-sharpen</a>. </p>
				5738
				5739	<p>To print a complete list of virtual pixel types, use the <a href="#list">-list virtual-pixel</a> option.</p>
				5740
				5741
				5742	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5743	<h4><a name="visual" id="visual"></a>-visual <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				5744	</div>
				5745
				5746	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Animate images using this X visual type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5747
				5748	<p>Choose from these visual classes:</p>
				5749
				5750	<pre class="text">
				5751	StaticGray
				5752	GrayScale
				5753	StaticColor
				5754	PseudoColor
				5755	TrueColor
				5756	DirectColor
				5757	default
				5758	visual id
				5759	</pre>
				5760
				5761	<p>The X server must support the visual you choose, otherwise an error occurs. If a visual is not specified, the visual class that can display the most simultaneous colors on the default screen is chosen.</p>
				5762
				5763
				5764	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5765	<h4><a name="watermark" id="watermark"></a>-watermark <em
				5766	class="arg">brightness</em>x<em class="arg">saturation</em></h4>
				5767	</div>
				5768
				5769	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Watermark an image using the given percentages of brightness and
				5770	saturation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5771
				5772	<p>Take a grayscale image (with alpha mask) and modify the destination image's
				5773	brightness according to watermark image's grayscale value and the <em
				5774	class="arg">brightness</em> percentage. The destinations color saturation
				5775	attribute is just direct modified by the <em class="arg">saturation</em>
				5776	percentage, which defaults to 100 percent (no color change). </p>
				5777
				5778
				5779	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5780	<h4><a name="wave" id="wave"></a>-wave <em class="arg">amplitude</em><br />-wave <em class="arg">amplitude</em>x<em class="arg">wavelength</em></h4>
				5781	</div>
				5782
				5783	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Shear the columns of an image into a sine wave.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5784
				5785	<p>Specify <em class="arg">amplitude</em> and <em class="arg">wavelength</em> of the wave.</p>
				5786
				5787	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5788	<h4><a name="weight" id="weight"></a>-weight <em class="arg">fontWeight</em></h4>
				5789	</div>
				5790
				5791	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a font weight for text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5792
				5793	<p>This setting suggests a font weight that ImageMagick should try to apply to the currently selected font family. Use a positive integer for <em class="arg">fontWeight</em> or select from the following.</p>
				5794
				5795	<table class="doc">
				5796	<col width="25%" />
				5797	<col width="75%" />
				5798	<thead>
				5799	<tr>
				5800	<th><em class="arg">fontWeight</em></th>
				5801	<th>Description</th>
				5802	</tr>
				5803	</thead>
				5804	<tbody>
				5805	<tr><td>All </td> <td>No effect. </td></tr>
				5806	<tr><td>Bold </td> <td>Same as <em class="arg">fontWeight</em> = 700.</td></tr>
				5807	<tr><td>Bolder </td> <td>Add 100 to font weight if currently ≤ 800.</td></tr>
				5808	<tr><td>Lighter </td> <td>Subtract 100 to font weight if currently ≤ 100.</td></tr>
				5809	<tr><td>Normal </td> <td>Same as <em class="arg">fontWeight</em> = 400.</td></tr>
				5810	</tbody>
				5811	</table>
				5812
				5813	<p>To print a complete list of weight types, use <a href="#list">-list weight</a>.</p>
				5814
				5815	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, and <a href="#style">-style</a>. </p>
				5816
				5817	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5818	<h4><a name="white-point" id="white-point"></a>-white-point <em class="arg">x,y</em></h4>
				5819	</div>
				5820
				5821	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>chromaticity white point.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5822
				5823	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	5cadd61	2009-09-21 19:33:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5824	<h4><a name="white-threshold" id="white-threshold"></a>-white-threshold <em class="arg">value</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5825	</div>
				5826
cristy	5cadd61	2009-09-21 19:33:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5827	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Force to white all pixels above the threshold while leaving all pixels at or below the threshold unchanged.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5828
				5829	<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer value within [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>] corresponding to the desired <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a> value. See <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a> for more details on thresholds and resulting values.
				5830	</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5831
				5832	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5833	<h4><a name="window" id="window"></a>-window <em class="arg">id</em></h4>
				5834	</div>
				5835
				5836	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Make the image the background of a window.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5837
				5838	<p><em class="arg">id</em> can be a window id or name. Specify <kbd>root</kbd> to select X's root window as the target window.</p>
				5839
				5840	<p>By default the image is tiled onto the background of the target window. If <kbd>backdrop</kbd> or <a href="#geometry">-resize</a> are specified, the image is surrounded by the background color. Refer to <kbd>X RESOURCES</kbd> for details.</p>
				5841
				5842	<p>The image will not display on the root window if the image has more unique colors than the target window colormap allows. Use <a href="#colors">-colors</a> to reduce the number of colors.</p>
				5843
				5844	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5845	<h4><a name="window-group" id="window-group"></a>-window-group</h4>
				5846	</div>
				5847
				5848	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the window group.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5849
				5850	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5851	<h4><a name="write" id="write"></a>-write <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
				5852	</div>
				5853
				5854	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>write an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5855	<p>The image sequence preceding the <a href="#write">-write</a> <em class="arg">filename</em> option is written out, and processing continues with the same image in its current state if there are additional options. To restore the image to its original state after writing it, use the <a href="#write">+write</a> <em class="arg">filename</em> option.</p>
				5856
				5857	<p>Use <a href="#compress">-compress</a> to specify the type of image compression.</p>
				5858
cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5859
				5860	</div>
				5861
				5862	<div id="linkbar">
cristy	ce69bb0	2010-07-27 19:49:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5863	<span id="linkbar-west"> </span>
cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5864	<span id="linkbar-center">
				5865	<a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/discourse-server/">Discourse Server</a> •
cristy	a890294	2010-07-30 00:49:52 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5866	<a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/MagickStudio/scripts/MagickStudio.cgi">Studio</a>
cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5867	</span>
				5868	<span id="linkbar-east"> </span>
				5869	</div>
				5870	<div class="footer">
				5871	<span id="footer-west">© 1999-2010 ImageMagick Studio LLC</span>
				5872	<span id="footer-east"> <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/script/contact.php">Contact the Wizards</a></span>
				5873	</div>
				5874	<div style="clear: both; margin: 0; width: 100%; "></div>
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cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5886	</body>
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