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href="../www/command-line-options.html#iconGeometry">‑iconGeometry</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#iconic">‑iconic</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#identify">‑identify</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#ift">‑ift</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#immutable">‑immutable</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#implode">‑implode</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#insert">‑insert</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#intent">‑intent</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#interlace">‑interlace</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#interpolate">‑interpolate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#interline-spacing">‑interline‑spacing</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#interword-spacing">‑interword‑spacing</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#kerning">‑kerning</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#label">‑label</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#lat">‑lat</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#layers">‑layers</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#level">‑level</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#level-colors">‑level‑colors</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#limit">‑limit</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#linear-stretch">‑linear‑stretch</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#linewidth">‑linewidth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#liquid-rescale">‑liquid‑rescale</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#list">‑list</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#log">‑log</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#loop">‑loop</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#lowlight-color">‑lowlight‑color</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#magnify">‑magnify</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#map">‑map</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#map_stream_">‑map[stream]</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#mask">‑mask</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#mattecolor">‑mattecolor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#median">‑median</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#metric">‑metric</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#mode">‑mode</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#modulate">‑modulate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#monitor">‑monitor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#monochrome">‑monochrome</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#morph">‑morph</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#morphology">‑morphology</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#mosaic">‑mosaic</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#motion-blur">‑motion‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#name">‑name</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#negate">‑negate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#noise">‑noise</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#normalize">‑normalize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#opaque">‑opaque</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#ordered-dither">‑ordered‑dither</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#orient">‑orient</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#page">‑page</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#paint">‑paint</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#path">‑path</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#pause_animate_">‑pause[animate]</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#pause_import_">‑pause[import]</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#pen">‑pen</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#ping">‑ping</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#pointsize">‑pointsize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#polaroid">‑polaroid</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#posterize">‑posterize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#precision">‑precision</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#preview">‑preview</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#print">‑print</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#process">‑process</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#profile">‑profile</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#quality">‑quality</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#quantize">‑quantize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#quiet">‑quiet</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#radial-blur">‑radial‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#raise">‑raise</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#random-threshold">‑random‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#recolor">‑recolor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#red-primary">‑red‑primary</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#regard-warnings">‑regard‑warnings</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#region">‑region</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#remap">‑remap</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#remote">‑remote</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#render">‑render</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#repage">‑repage</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#resample">‑resample</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#resize">‑resize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#respect-parentheses">‑respect‑parentheses</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#reverse">‑reverse</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#roll">‑roll</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#rotate">‑rotate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sample">‑sample</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sampling-factor">‑sampling‑factor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#scale">‑scale</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#scene">‑scene</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#screen">‑screen</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#seed">‑seed</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#segment">‑segment</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#selective-blur">‑selective‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#separate">‑separate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sepia-tone">‑sepia‑tone</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#set">‑set</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#shade">‑shade</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#shadow">‑shadow</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#shared-memory">‑shared‑memory</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sharpen">‑sharpen</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#shave">‑shave</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#shear">‑shear</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sigmoidal-contrast">‑sigmoidal‑contrast</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#silent">‑silent</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#size">‑size</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sketch">‑sketch</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#snaps">‑snaps</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#solarize">‑solarize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sparse-color">‑sparse‑color</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#splice">‑splice</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#spread">‑spread</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#stegano">‑stegano</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#stereo">‑stereo</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#stretch">‑stretch</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#strip">‑strip</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#stroke">‑stroke</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#strokewidth">‑strokewidth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#style">‑style</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#swap">‑swap</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#swirl">‑swirl</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#taint">‑taint</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#text-font">‑text‑font</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#texture">‑texture</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#thumbnail">‑thumbnail</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#tile">‑tile</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#tile-offset">‑tile‑offset</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#tint">‑tint</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#title">‑title</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transform">‑transform</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transparent">‑transparent</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transparent-color">‑transparent‑color</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transpose">‑transpose</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transverse">‑transverse</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#treedepth">‑treedepth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#trim">‑trim</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#type">‑type</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#undercolor">‑undercolor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#unique-colors">‑unique‑colors</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#units">‑units</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#unsharp">‑unsharp</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#update">‑update</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#verbose">‑verbose</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#version">‑version</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#view">‑view</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#vignette">‑vignette</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">‑virtual‑pixel</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#visual">‑visual</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#watermark">‑watermark</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#wave">‑wave</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#weight">‑weight</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#white-point">‑white‑point</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#white-threshold">‑white‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#window">‑window</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#window-group">‑window‑group</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#write">‑write</a> ] </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	164
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	165	<p>Below is list of command-line options recognized by the ImageMagick <a
				166	href="../www/command-line-tools.html">command-line
				167	tools</a>. If you want a description of a particular option, click on the
				168	option name in the navigation bar above and you will go right to it. Unless
				169	otherwise noted, each option is recognized by the commands <a href="../www/convert.html">convert</a>, <a href="../www/mogrify.html">mogrify</a>, and .... </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	170
				171	<div style="margin: auto;">
				172	<h4><a name="adaptive-blur" id="adaptive-blur"></a>-adaptive-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>[x<em class="arg">sigma</em>]</h4>
				173	</div>
				174
				175	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adaptively blur pixels, with decreasing effect near edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				176
				177	<p>A Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (<em class="arg">sigma</em>) is used. If <em class="arg">sigma</em> is not given it defaults to 1.</p>
				178
				179	<div style="margin: auto;">
				180	<h4><a name="adaptive-resize" id="adaptive-resize"></a>-adaptive-resize <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				181	</div>
				182
				183	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Resize the image using data-dependent triangulation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				184
				185	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <a href="#adaptive-resize">-adaptive-resize</a> option defaults to data-dependent triangulation. Use the <a href="#filter">-filter</a> to choose a different resampling algorithm. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are ignored, and the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
				186
				187	<div style="margin: auto;">
				188	<h4><a name="adaptive-sharpen" id="adaptive-sharpen"></a>-adaptive-sharpen <em class="arg">radius</em>[x<em class="arg">sigma</em>]</h4>
				189	</div>
				190
				191	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adaptively sharpen pixels, with increasing effect near edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				192
				193	<p>A Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (<em class="arg">sigma</em>) is used. If <em class="arg">sigma</em> is not given it defaults to 1.</p>
				194
				195	<div style="margin: auto;">
				196	<h4><a name="adjoin" id="adjoin"></a>-adjoin</h4>
				197	</div>
				198
				199	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Join images into a single multi-image file.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				200
				201	<p>This option is enabled by default. An attempt is made to save all
				202	images of an image sequence into the given output file.
				203	However, some formats, such as JPEG and PNG, do not support more than one
				204	image per file, and in that case ImageMagick is forced to write each image as a separate file. As
				205	such, if more than one image needs to be written, the filename given is
				206	modified by adding a <a href="#scene">-scene</a> number before the
				207	suffix, in order to make distinct names for each image. </p>
				208
				209	<p>Use <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> to force each image to be written
				210	to separate files, whether or not the file format allows multiple images
				211	per file (for example, GIF, MIFF, and TIFF). </p>
				212
				213	<p>Including a C-style integer format string in the output filename will automagically enable <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> and are used to specify where the <a href="#scene">-scene</a> number is placed in the filenames. These strings, such as '<kbd>%d</kbd>' or '<kbd>%03d</kbd>', are familiar to those who have used the standard <kbd>printf()</kbd>' C-library function. As an example, the command</p>
				214
				215	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: rose: -morph 15 my%02dmorph.jpg</span></p>
				216	<p>will create a sequence of 17 images named my00morph.jpg, my01morph.jpg, my02morph.jpg, ..., my16morph.jpg.
				217	</p>
				218
				219	<p>In summary, ImageMagick tries to write all images to one file, but will use
				220	multiple files if either (1) the output image's file format does not allow multi-image files,
				221	(2) the <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> option is given, or (3) a C-style integer format string is
				222	present in the output filename. </p>
				223
				224
				225	<div style="margin: auto;">
				226	<h4><a name="affine" id="affine"></a>-affine <em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">r<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">r<sub>y</sub></em>,<em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em>,<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em><br/>
				227	-affine <em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">r<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">r<sub>y</sub></em>,<em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em></h4>
				228	</div>
				229
				230	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the drawing transformation matrix for combined rotating and scaling.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				231
				232	<p>This option sets a transformation matrix, encoded as (<em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em>, <em class="arg">r<sub>x</sub></em>, <em class="arg">r<sub>y</sub></em>, <em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em>, <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>, <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em>), for use by subsequent <a href="#draw">-draw</a> or <a href="#transform">-transform</a> options.</p>
				233
				234	<p>The matrix entries are entered as comma-separated numeric values <i>with no spaces</i>. </p>
				235
				236	<p>Internally, the transformation matrix has 3x3 elements, but three of them are omitted from the input because they are constant. The new (transformed) coordinates (<em class="arg">x'</em>, <em class="arg">y'</em>) of a pixel at position (<em class="arg">x</em>, <em class="arg">y</em>) in the original image are calculated using the following matrix equation.</p>
				237
				238	<div class="eqn">
				239	<img alt="affine transformation" src="../images/affine.png"/>
				240	</div>
				241
				242	<p>
				243	The size of the resulting image is that of the smallest rectangle that contains the transformed source image. The parameters <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> subsequently shift the image pixels so that those that are moved out of the image area are cut off.</p>
				244
				245	<p>The transformation matrix complies with the left-handed pixel coordinate system: positive <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> directions are rightward and downward, resp.; positive rotation is clockwise.</p>
				246
				247	<p> If the translation coefficients <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> are omotted they default to 0,0. Therefore, four parameters suffice for rotation and scaling without translation.</p>
				248
				249	<p>Scaling by the factors <em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em> in the <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> directions, respectively, is accomplished with the following.</p>
				250
				251	<p class="crtsnip">
				252	-affine <em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em>,0,0,<em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em>
				253	</p>
				254
				255	<p>Translation by a displacement (<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>, <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em>) is accomplished like so:</p>
				256
				257	<p class="crtsnip">
				258	-affine 1,0,0,1,<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em>
				259	</p>
				260
				261	<p>Rotate clockwise about the origin (the upper left-hand corner) by an angle <em>a</em> by letting
				262	<em>c</em> = cos(<em>a</em>), <em>s</em> = sin(<em>a</em>), and using the following.</p>
				263
				264	<p class="crtsnip">
				265	-affine <em>c</em>,<em>s</em>,-<em>s</em>,<em>c</em>
				266	</p>
				267
				268	<p>The cumulative effect of a sequence of <a href="#affine" >-affine</a> transformations can be accomplished by instead by a single <a href="#affine" >-affine</a> operation using the matrix equal to the product of the matrices of the individual transformations.</p>
				269
				270	<p>An attempt is made to detect near-singular transformation matrices. If the matrix determinant has a sufficiently small absolute value it is rejected.</p>
				271
				272	<div style="margin: auto;">
				273	<h4><a name="alpha" id="alpha"></a>-alpha <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				274	</div>
				275
				276	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Gives control of the alpha/matte channel of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				277
				278	<p>Used to set a flag on an image indicating whether or not to use existing alpha
				279	channel data, to create an alpha channel, or to perform other operations on the alpha channel. Choose the argument <em class="arg">type</em> from the list below.</p>
				280
				281
				282	<table class="doc">
				283	<tbody>
				284	<tr valign="top">
				285	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">type</th>
				286	<th align="left">Description</th>
				287	</tr>
				288
				289	<tr valign="top">
				290	<td valign="top"><kbd>Off</kbd>  or
				291	<kbd>Deactivate</kbd></td>
				292	<td valign="top">
				293	Disables the image's transparency channel. Does not delete or change the
				294	existing data, just turns off the use of that data. This is the same as
				295	the older <a href="#matte" >+matte</a> operator. </td></tr>
				296
				297	<tr valign="top">
				298	<td valign="top"><kbd>On</kbd>  or
				299	<kbd>Activate</kbd></td>
				300	<td valign="top">
				301	Enables the image's use of transparency. If transparency data does not
				302	already exist, allocates the data and sets it to opaque. If the image has
				303	transparency data, the channel is enabled and the transparency data is not changed or modified in any way. This is NOT
				304	the same as the older <a href="#matte" >-matte</a> operator. </td></tr>
				305
				306	<tr valign="top">
				307	<td valign="top"><kbd>Set</kbd></td>
				308	<td valign="top">
				309	Turns '<kbd>On</kbd>' the alpha/matte channel and if it was previously
				310	turned off resets the channel to opaque. If the image already had the
				311	alpha channel turned on, it will have no effect. This is the same as the older <a href="#matte">-matte</a> operator. </td></tr>
				312
				313	<tr valign="top">
				314	<td valign="top"><kbd>Opaque</kbd></td>
				315	<td valign="top">
				316	Turns '<kbd>On</kbd>' the alpha/matte channel and forces it to be fully
				317	opaque. </td></tr>
				318
				319	<tr valign="top">
				320	<td valign="top"><kbd>Transparent</kbd></td>
				321	<td valign="top">
				322	Turns '<kbd>On</kbd>' the alpha/matte channel and forces it to be fully
				323	transparent. This effectively creates a fully transparent image the same
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	324	size as the original and with all its original RGB data still intact,
				325	but fully transparent. </td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	326
				327	<tr valign="top">
				328	<td valign="top"><kbd>Extract</kbd></td>
				329	<td valign="top">
				330	Copies the alpha channel values into all the color channels and turns
				331	'<kbd>Off</kbd>' the the image's transparency, so as to generate a
				332	gray-scale mask of the image's shape. This is the inverse of
				333	'<kbd>Copy</kbd>'. </td></tr>
				334
				335	<tr valign="top">
				336	<td valign="top"><kbd>Copy</kbd></td>
				337	<td valign="top">
				338	Turns '<kbd>On</kbd>' the alpha/matte channel, then copies the
				339	gray-scale intensity of the image, as an alpha mask, into the alpha
				340	channel, converting a gray-scale mask into a transparent shaped image
				341	ready to be colored appropriately. The color channels are not modified.
				342	</td></tr>
				343
				344	<tr valign="top">
				345	<td valign="top"><kbd>Shape</kbd></td>
				346	<td valign="top">
				347	As per '<kbd>Copy</kbd>' but also colors the resulting shape mask with
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	348	the current background color. That is the RGB color channels is
				349	replaced, with appropriate alpha shape.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	350	</td></tr>
				351
				352	<tr valign="top">
				353	<td valign="top"><kbd>Background</kbd></td>
				354	<td valign="top">
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	355	Set any fully-transparent pixel to the background color, while leaving
				356	it fully-transparent. This can make some image file formats, such as
				357	PNG, smaller as the RGB values of transparent pixels are more uniform,
				358	and thus can compress better.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	359	</td></tr>
				360	</tbody>
				361	</table>
				362
				363	<p>Note that while the <a href="#matte" >+matte</a> operation is the same as
				364	"<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> off</kbd>", the <a href="#matte"
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	365	>-matte</a> operation is the same as "<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a>
				366	set</kbd>" and not "<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> on</kbd>". That is,
				367	"<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> set</kbd>" will ensure that the written
				368	image is opaque if the original image had no transparency channel enabled,
				369	regardless if transparency data is already present. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	370
				371
				372	<div style="margin: auto;">
				373	<h4><a name="annotate" id="annotate"></a>
				374	-annotate <em class="arg">degrees</em> <em class="arg">text</em><br />
				375	-annotate <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em>x<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> <em class="arg">text</em><br />
				376	-annotate <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em>x<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> {+-}<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>{+-}<em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> <em class="arg">text</em></h4>
				377	</div>
				378
				379	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Annotate an image with text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				380
				381	<p>This is a convenience for annotating an image with text. For more precise control over text annotations, use <a href="#draw">-draw</a>.</p>
				382
				383
				384	<p>The values <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em> and <em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> control the shears with respect to the , respectively, applied to the text, while <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> are offsets that give the location of the text relative to the upper left corner of the image.</p>
				385
				386	<p>Using <a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> <em class="arg">degrees</em> or <a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> <em class="arg">degrees</em>x<em class="arg">degrees</em> produces an unsheared rotation of the text. The direction of the rotation is positive, which means a clockwise rotation if <em class="arg">degrees</em> is positive. (This conforms to the usual mathematical convention once it is realized that the positive <em>y</em>–direction is conventionally considered to be <em>downward</em> for images.)</p>
				387
				388	<p>The new (transformed) coordinates (<em class="arg">x'</em>, <em class="arg">y'</em>) of a pixel at position (<em class="arg">x</em>, <em class="arg">y</em>) in the image are calculated using the following matrix equation.</p>
				389	<div class="eqn"><img alt="annotate transformation" src="../images/annotate.png"/></div>
				390
				391	<p>If <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> are omitted, they default to 0. This makes the bottom-left of the text becomes the upper-left corner of the image, which is probably undesirable. Adding a <a href="#gravity" >-gravity</a> option in this case leads to nice results.</p>
				392
				393	<p>Text is any UTF-8 encoded character sequence. If <em class="arg">text</em> is of the form '@mytext.txt', the text is read from the file <kbd>mytext.txt</kbd>. Text in a file is taken literally; no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
				394
				395	<div style="margin: auto;">
				396	<h4><a name="antialias" id="antialias"></a>-antialias</h4>
				397	</div>
				398
				399	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Enable/Disable of the rendering of anti-aliasing pixels when
				400	drawing fonts and lines.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				401
				402	<p>By default, objects (e.g. text, lines, polygons, etc.) are antialiased when
				403	drawn. Use <a href="#antialias">+antialias</a> to disable the addition of
				404	antialiasing edge pixels. This will then reduce the number of colors added to
				405	an image to just the colors being directly drawn. That is, no mixed colors
				406	will be added when drawing such objects. </p>
				407
				408	<div style="margin: auto;">
				409	<h4><a name="append" id="append"></a>-append</h4>
				410	</div>
				411
				412	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Join current images vertically or horizontally.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				413
				414	<p>This option creates a single longer image image, by joining all the current
				415	images in sequence top-to-bottom. Use <a href="#append">+append</a> to
				416	stack images left-to-right. </p>
				417
				418	<p>If they are not of the same width, narrower images are padded with the
				419	current <a href="#background">-background</a> color setting, and their
				420	position relative to each other can be controled by the current <a
				421	href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting. </p>
				422
				423
				424	<div style="margin: auto;">
				425	<h4><a name="attenuate" id="attenuate"></a>-attenuate <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				426	</div>
				427
				428	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Lessen (or intensify) when adding noise to an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				429
				430
				431	<div style="margin: auto;">
				432	<h4><a name="authenticate" id="authenticate"></a>-authenticate <em class="arg">password</em></h4>
				433	</div>
				434
				435	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Decrypt a PDF with a password.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				436
				437	<p>Use this option to supply a <em class="arg">password</em> for decrypting a PDF that has been encrypted using Microsoft Crypto API (MSC API). The encrypting using the MSC API is not supported.</p>
				438
				439	<p>For a different encryption method, see <a href="#encipher">-encipher</a> and <a href="#decipher">-decipher</a>. </p>
				440
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	441
				442
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	443	<div style="margin: auto;">
				444	<h4><a name="auto-gamma" id="auto-gamma"></a>-auto-gamma</h4>
				445	</div>
				446
				447	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Automagically adjust gamma level of image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				448
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	449	<p>This calculates the mean values of an image, then applies a calculated <a
				450	href="#gamma" >-gamma</a> adjustment so that is the mean color exists in the
				451	image it will get a have a value of 50%. </p>
				452
				453	<p>This means that any solid 'gray' image will become 50% gray. </p>
				454
				455	<p>This works well for real-life images with little or no extreme dark and
				456	light areas, but tend to fail for images with large amounts of bright sky or
				457	dark shadows. It also does not work well for diagrmas or cartoon like images.
				458	</p>
				459
				460	<p>It uses the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting, (including the
				461	'<CODE>sync</CODE>' flag for channel syncronization), to determine which color
				462	values will be used and modified. As the default <a href="#channel"
				463	>-channel</a> setting is '<CODE>RGB,sync</CODE>', channels will be modified
				464	together by the same gamma value, preserving colors. </p>
				465
				466
				467
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	468	<div style="margin: auto;">
				469	<h4><a name="auto-level" id="auto-level"></a>-auto-level</h4>
				470	</div>
				471
				472	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Automagically adjust color levels of image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				473
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	474	<p>This is a 'perfect' image normalization operator. It finds the exact
				475	mimimum and maximum color values in the image and then applies a <a
				476	href="#level" >-level</a> operator to stretch the values to the full range of
				477	values. </p>
				478
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	479	<p>The operator is not typically used for real-life images, image scans, or
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	480	JPEG format images, as a single 'out-rider' pixel can set a bad min/max values
				481	for the <a href="#level" >-level</a> operation. On the other hand it is the
				482	right operator to use for color stretching gradient images being used to
				483	generate Color lookup tables, distortion maps, or other 'mathematically'
				484	defined images. </p>
				485
				486	<p>The operator is very similar to the <a href="#normalize">-normalize</a>, <a
				487	href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a>, and <a href="#linear-stretch"
				488	>-linear-stretch</a> operators, but without 'histogram binning' or 'clipping'
				489	problems that these operators may have. That is <a href="#auto-level"
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	490	>-auto-level</a> is the perfect or ideal version these operators. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	491
				492	<p>It uses the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting, (including the
				493	special '<CODE>sync</CODE>' flag for channel syncronization), to determine
				494	which color values will be used and modified. As the default <a
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	495	href="#channel" >+channel</a> setting is '<CODE>RGB,sync</CODE>', the
				496	'<CODE>sync</CODE>' will ensure that the color channels will be modified
				497	together by the same gamma value, preserving colors, and ignoring
				498	transparency. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	499
				500
				501
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	502	<div style="margin: auto;">
				503	<h4><a name="auto-orient" id="auto-orient"></a>-auto-orient</h4>
				504	</div>
				505
				506	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Automagically orient (rotate) an image created by a digital camera.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				507
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	508	<p>This operator reads and resets the EXIF image profile setting 'Orientation'
				509	and then performs the appropriate 90 degree rotation on the image to orient
				510	the image, for correct viewing. </p>
				511
				512	<p>This EXIF profile setting is usually set using a gravity sensor in digital
				513	camara, however photos taken directly downward or upward may not have an
				514	appropriate value. Also images that have been orientation 'corrected' without
				515	reseting this setting, may be 'corrected' again resulting in a incorrect
				516	result. If the he EXIF profile was previously stripped, the <a
				517	href="#auto-orient" >-auto-orient</a> operator will do nothing. </p>
				518
				519
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	520	<div style="margin: auto;">
				521	<h4><a name="average" id="average"></a>-average</h4>
				522	</div>
				523
				524	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Average a set of images.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				525
				526	<p>An error results if the images are not identically sized.</p>
				527
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	528
				529	<div style="margin: auto;">
				530	<h4><a name="backdrop" id="backdrop"></a>-backdrop</h4>
				531	</div>
				532
				533	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Display the image centered on a backdrop.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				534
				535	<p>This backdrop covers the entire workstation screen and is useful for hiding other X window activity while viewing the image. The color of the backdrop is specified as the background color. The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				536
				537	<div style="margin: auto;">
				538	<h4><a name="background" id="background"></a>-background <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				539	</div>
				540
				541	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the background color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				542
				543	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option. The default background color (if none is specified or found in the image) is white.</p>
				544
				545	<div style="margin: auto;">
				546	<h4><a name="bench" id="bench"></a>-bench <em class="arg">iterations</em></h4>
				547	</div>
				548
				549	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Measure performance.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				550
cristy	e637813	2009-10-26 20:05:17 +0000	[diff] [blame]	551	<p>Repeat the entire command for the given number of <em class="arg">iterations</em> and report the user-time and elapsed time. For instance, consider the following command and its output. Modify the benchmark with the -duration to run the benchmark for a fixed number of seconds and -concurrent to run the benchmark in parallel (requires the OpenMP feature).</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	552
cristy	e637813	2009-10-26 20:05:17 +0000	[diff] [blame]	553	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -resize 1000% -bench 5 logo.png</span><span class='crtout'>Performance: 5i 0.875657ips 6.880u 0:05.710</span></p>
				554	<p>In this example, 5 iterations were completed at 0.875657 iterations per second, using 6.88 seconds of the user's allotted time, for a total elapsed time of 5.71 seconds.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	555
				556	<div style="margin: auto;">
				557	<h4><a name="bias" id="bias"></a>-bias <em class="arg">value</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
				558	</div>
				559
				560	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Add bias when convolving an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				561
				562	<p>This option shifts the output of <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#convolve">‑convolve</a> so that positive and negative results are relative to the specified bias value. </p>
				563
				564	<p>This is important for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick when dealing with convolutions that contain negative as well as positive values. This is especially the case with convolutions involving high pass filters or edge detection. Without an output bias, the negative values are clipped at zero.</p>
				565
				566	<p>When using an ImageMagick with the HDRI compile-time setting, <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> is not needed, as ImageMagick is able to store/handle any
				567	negative results without clipping to the color value range
				568	(0..QuantumRange).</p>
				569
				570	<p>See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page
				571	<a href="/www/high-dynamic-range.html">High Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri">Usage</a> pages or this <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a> entry.
				572	</p>
				573
				574	<div style="margin: auto;">
				575	<h4><a name="black-point-compensation" id="black-point-compensation"></a>-black-point-compensation</h4>
				576	</div>
				577
				578	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Use black point compensation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				579
				580	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	5cadd61	2009-09-21 19:33:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	581	<h4><a name="black-threshold" id="black-threshold"></a>-black-threshold <em class="arg">value</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	582	</div>
				583
cristy	5cadd61	2009-09-21 19:33:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	584	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Force to black all pixels below the threshold while leaving all pixels at or above the threshold unchanged.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				585
				586	<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer value within [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>] corresponding to the desired <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a> value. See <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a> for more details on thresholds and resulting values.
				587	</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	588
				589
				590	<div style="margin: auto;">
				591	<h4><a name="blend" id="blend"></a>-blend <em class="arg">percent</em></h4>
				592	</div>
				593
				594	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>blend an image into another by the given percent.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				595
				596	<p>Blend will average the images together ('plus') according to the
				597	percentages given and each pixels transparency. If only a single percentage
				598	value is given it sets the weight of the composite or 'source' image, while
				599	the background image is weighted by the exact opposite amount. That is a
				600	<kbd>-blend 30</kbd> merges 30% of the 'source' image with 70% of the
				601	'destination' image. Thus it is equivalent to <kbd>-blend 30x70</kbd>.</p>
				602
				603
				604	<div style="margin: auto;">
				605	<h4><a name="blue-primary" id="blue-primary"></a>-blue-primary <em class="arg">x</em>,<em class="arg">y</em></h4>
				606	</div>
				607
				608	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the blue chromaticity primary point.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				609
				610	<div style="margin: auto;">
				611	<h4><a name="blue-shift" id="blue-shift"></a>-blue-shift <em class="arg">factor</em></h4>
				612	</div>
				613
				614	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate a scene at nighttime in the moonlight. Start with a factor of 1.5</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				615
				616	<div style="margin: auto;">
				617
				618	<div style="margin: auto;">
				619	<h4><a name="blur" id="blur"></a>-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em></h4>
				620	</div>
				621
				622	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Reduce image noise and reduce detail levels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				623
				624	<p>Convolve the image with a Gaussian or normal distribution. The formula is:</p>
				625
				626	<div class="eqn"><img alt="gaussian distribution" width="243px" height="42px" src="../images/gaussian-blur.png"/>
				627	</div>
				628
				629	<p>Where <i>r</i> is the blur radius (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = <i>u</i><sup>2</sup> + <i>v</i><sup>2</sup>), and σ is the standard deviation of the Gaussian distribution. As a guideline, set <i>r</i> to approximately 3σ. If a radius of 0 is specified, ImageMagick selects a suitable radius for you.</p>
				630
				631	<p>This option differs from <a href="#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a> simply by taking advantage of the separability properties of the distribution. Here we apply a single-dimensional Gaussian matrix in the horizontal direction, then repeat the process in the vertical direction.</p>
				632
				633	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				634	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				635	</p>
				636
				637
				638	<div style="margin: auto;">
				639	<h4><a name="blur-composite" id="blur"></a>-blur <em class="arg">Width</em>[x<em class="arg">Height</em>[+<em class="arg">Angle</em>]]</h4>
				640	</div>
				641
				642	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Variably blur and image according to the overlay mapping.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				643
				644	<p>Each pixel in the overlaid region is replaced with an Elliptical Weighted
				645	Average (EWA) of the source image, scaled according to the grayscale
				646	mapping. </p>
				647
				648	<p>The ellipse is weighted with sigma set to the given <em class="arg"
				649	>Width</em> and <em class="arg" >Height</em>. The <em class="arg" >Height</em>
				650	defaults to the <em class="arg" >Width</em> for a normal circular Guassian
				651	weighting. The <em class="arg" >Angle</em> will rotate the ellipse from
				652	horizontal clock-wise. </p>
				653
				654	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				655	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				656	</p>
				657
				658
				659	<div style="margin: auto;">
				660	<h4><a name="border" id="border"></a>-border <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				661	</div>
				662
				663	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Surround the image with a border of color. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				664
				665	<p>Set the width and height using the <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the <em class="arg">gravity</em> argument. See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets are ignored. </p>
				666
				667	<p>Set the border color by preceding with the <a href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
				668
				669	<p>See also the <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option, which has more functionality.</p>
				670
				671	<div style="margin: auto;">
				672	<h4><a name="bordercolor" id="bordercolor"></a>-bordercolor <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				673	</div>
				674
				675	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the border color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				676
				677	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				678
				679	<p>The default border color is <kbd>#DFDFDF</kbd>, <span style="background-color: #dfdfdf;">this shade of gray</span>.</p>
				680
				681	<div style="margin: auto;">
				682	<h4><a name="borderwidth" id="borderwidth"></a>-borderwidth <em class="arg">geometry</em> </h4>
				683	</div>
				684
				685	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the border width.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				686
				687	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	688	<h4><a name="brightness-contrast" id="brightness-contrast"></a>-brightness-contrast <em class="arg">brightness</em><br />-brightness-contrast <em class="arg">brightness</em>{x<em class="arg">contrast</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}}</h4>
				689	</div>
				690
				691	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adjust the brightness and/or contrast of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				692
				693	<p>Brightness and Contrast values apply changes to the input image. They are not absolute settings. A brightness or contrast value of zero means no change. The range of values is -100 to +100 on each. Positive values increase the brightness or contrast and negative values decrease the brightness or contrast. To control only contrast, set the brightness=0. To control only brightness, set contrast=0 or just leave it off.</p>
				694
				695	<p>You may also use <a href="#fill">-channel</a> to control which channels to apply the brightness and/or contrast change. The default is to apply the same transformation to all channels.</p>
				696
				697	<p>Brightness and Contrast arguments are converted to offset and slope of a linear transform and applied using <a href="#fill">-function polynomial "slope,offset"</a>.</p>
				698
				699	<p>The slope varies from 0 at contrast=-100 to almost vertical at contrast=+100. For brightness=0 and contrast=-100, the result will be totally midgray. For brightness=0 and contrast=+100, the result will approach but not quite reach a threshold at midgray; that is the linear transformation will be a a very steep vertical line at mid gray.</p>
				700
				701	<p>Negative slopes, i.e. negating the image, are not possible with this function. All achievable slopes will be zero or positive.</p>
				702
				703	<p>The offset varies from -0.5 at brightness=-100 to 0 at brightness=0 to +0.5 at brightness=+100. Thus, when contrast=0 and brightness=100, the result will be totally white. Similarly, when contrast=0 and brightness=-100, the result will be totally black.</p>
				704
				705	<p>As the range of values for the arguments are -100 to +100, adding the '%' symbol will be no different than leaving it off.</p>
				706
				707	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	708	<h4><a name="cache" id="cache"></a>-cache <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
				709	</div>
				710
				711	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>(This option has been replaced by the <a href='#limit'>-limit</a> option.)</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				712
				713	<div style="margin: auto;">
				714	<h4><a name="caption" id="caption"></a>-caption <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
				715	</div>
				716
				717	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Assign a caption to an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				718
				719	<div style="margin: auto;">
				720	<h4><a name="cdl" id="cdl"></a>-cdl <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
				721	</div>
				722
				723	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>color correct with a color decision list.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				724
				725	<p>Here is an example color correction collection:</p>
				726
				727	<pre class="text">
				728	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
				729	<ColorCorrectionCollection xmlns="urn:ASC:CDL:v1.2">
				730	<ColorCorrection id="cc06668">
				731	<SOPNode>
				732	<Slope> 0.9 1.2 0.5 </Slope>
				733	<Offset> 0.4 -0.5 0.6 </Offset>
				734	<Power> 1.0 0.8 1.5 </Power>
				735	</SOPNode>
				736	<SATNode>
				737	<Saturation> 0.85 </Saturation>
				738	</SATNode>
				739	</ColorCorrection>
				740	</ColorCorrectionCollection>
				741	</pre>
				742
				743	<div style="margin: auto;">
				744	<h4><a name="channel" id="channel"></a>-channel <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				745	</div>
				746
				747	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify those image color channels to which subsequent operators are limited.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				748
				749	<p>Choose from: <kbd>Red</kbd>, <kbd>Green</kbd>, <kbd>Blue</kbd>, <kbd>Alpha</kbd>, <kbd>Cyan</kbd>, <kbd>Magenta</kbd>, <kbd>Yellow</kbd>, <kbd>Black</kbd>, <kbd>Opacity</kbd>, <kbd>Index</kbd>, <kbd>RGB</kbd>, <kbd>RGBA</kbd>, <kbd>CMYK</kbd>, or <kbd>CMYKA</kbd>.</p>
				750
				751	<p>To print a complete list of channel types, use <a href="#list">-list channel</a>.</p>
				752
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	753	<p>The channels above can be specified as a comma-separated list or can be
				754	abbreviated as a concatenation of the letters '<kbd>R</kbd>', '<kbd>G</kbd>',
				755	'<kbd>B</kbd>', '<kbd>A</kbd>', '<kbd>O</kbd>', '<kbd>C</kbd>',
				756	'<kbd>M</kbd>', '<kbd>Y</kbd>', '<kbd>K</kbd>'.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	757
				758	For example, to negate only the alpha channel of an image, use</p>
				759	<p class="crtsnip">
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	760	-channel Alpha -negate
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	761	</p>
				762
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	763	Some operators also allow the use of a special channel flag
				764	'<code>sync</code>'. If present operators that understand this flag will
				765	apply the exact same image modification to all the image channels in the image
				766	so as to ensure that colors are kept 'in-sync'. Without this flag such
				767	operators will apply there function to each channel separately. See <a
				768	href="#auto-level">-auto-level</a> and <a href="#auto-gamma">-auto-gamma</a>
				769	for examples of such an operator. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	770
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	771
				772	<p>By default, ImageMagick sets <a href="#channel">-channel</a> to the value
				773	'<kbd>RGB,sync</kbd>', which specifies that operators act on all channels
				774	except the opacity channel, and that all the color channels are to be modified
				775	in exactly the same way. The 'plus' form <a href="#channel" >+channel</a>
				776	will reset the value back to this default. </p>
				777
				778	<p>Options that are affected by the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting
				779	include the following.
				780
				781	<a href="#auto-gamma">-auto-gamma</a>,
				782	<a href="#auto-level">-auto-level</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	783	<a href="#black-threshold">-black-threshold</a>,
				784	<a href="#blur">-blur</a>,
cristy	b4c03bb	2009-09-27 13:55:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	785	<a href="#clamp">-clamp</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	786	<a href="#clut">-clut</a>,
				787	<a href="#combine">-combine</a>,
				788	<a href="#contrast-stretch">-contrast-stretch</a>,
				789	<a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a>,
				790	<a href="#function">-function</a>,
				791	<a href="#fx">-fx</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	792	<a href="#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a>,
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	793	<a href="#hald-clut">-hald-clut</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	794	<a href="#motion-blur">-motion-blur</a>,
				795	<a href="#negate">-negate</a>,
				796	<a href="#normalize">-normalize</a>,
				797	<a href="#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a>,
				798	<a href="#radial-blur">-radial-blur</a>,
				799	<a href="#random-threshold">-random-threshold</a>,
				800	<a href="#separate">-separate</a>, and
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	801	<a href="#threshold">-threshold</a>, and
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	802	<a href="#white-threshold">-white-threshold</a>.
				803	</p>
				804
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	805	<p>Warning, some operators behave differentally when the <a href="#channel"
				806	>+channel</a> default setting is in effect, verses ANY user defined <a
				807	href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting (including the equivelent of the
				808	default). For example <a href="#threshold">-threshold</a> will by default
				809	gray-scale the image before thresholding, if no <a href="#channel"
				810	>-channel</a> setting has been defined. </p>
				811
				812	<p>Also some operators such as <a href="#blur">-blur</a>, <a
				813	href="#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a>, will modify their handling of the
				814	color channels if the '<kbd>alpha</kbd>' channel is also enabled by <a
				815	href="#channel" >-channel</a>. Generally this done to ensure that
				816	fully-transparent colors are treated as being fully-transparent, and thus any
				817	underlying 'hidden' color has no effect on the final results. Typically
				818	resulting in 'halo' effects. </p>
				819
				820	<p>As a alpha channel is optional within images some operators will read the
				821	color channels of an image as a greyscale alpha mask, when the image has no
				822	alpha channel present, but the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting tells
				823	the operator to apply the alpha channel. The <a href="#clut">-clut</a>
				824	operator is a good example of this. </p>
				825
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	826
				827	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	b4c03bb	2009-09-27 13:55:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	828	<h4><a name="clamp" id="clamp"></a>-clamp</h4>
				829	</div>
				830
				831	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Restrict image colors from 0 to the quantum depth.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				832
				833	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	834	<h4><a name="charcoal" id="charcoal"></a>-charcoal <em class="arg">factor</em></h4>
				835	</div>
				836
				837	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Simulate a charcoal drawing.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				838
				839	<div style="margin: auto;">
				840	<h4><a name="chop" id="chop"></a>-chop <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				841	</div>
				842
				843	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Remove pixels from the interior of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				844
				845	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <em class="arg">width</em> and <em class="arg">height</em> given in the of the <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument give the number of columns and rows to remove. The <em class="arg">offset</em> portion of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument is influenced by a <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting, if present.</p>
				846
				847	<p>The <a href="#chop">-chop</a> option removes entire rows and columns, and moves the remaining corner blocks leftward and upward to close the gaps.</p>
				848
				849	<div style="margin: auto;">
				850	<h4><a name="clip" id="clip"></a>-clip</h4>
				851	</div>
				852
				853	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply the clipping path if one is present.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				854
				855	<p>If a clipping path is present, it is applied to subsequent operations.</p>
				856
				857	<p>For example, in the command</p>
				858
				859	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -clip -negate cockatoo.tif negated.tif</span></p>
				860	<p>only the pixels within the clipping path are negated.</p>
				861
				862	<p>The <a href="#clip">-clip</a> feature requires the XML library. If the XML library is not present, the option is ignored.</p>
				863
				864	<div style="margin: auto;">
				865	<h4><a name="clip-mask" id="clip-mask"></a>-clip-mask</h4>
				866	</div>
				867
				868	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Clip the image as defined by this mask.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				869
				870	<div style="margin: auto;">
				871	<h4><a name="clip-path" id="clip-path"></a>-clip-path <em class="arg">id</em></h4>
				872	</div>
				873
				874	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Clip along a named path from the 8BImageMagick profile.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				875
				876	<div style="margin: auto;">
				877	<h4><a name="clone" id="clone"></a>-clone <em class="arg">index(s)</em></h4>
				878	</div>
				879
				880	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Make a copy of an image (or images).</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				881
				882	<p>Specify the image by its index in the sequence. The first image is index
				883	0. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the sequence; for example, −1
				884	represents the last image of the sequence. Specify a range of images with a
				885	dash (e.g. 0−4). Separate multiple indexes with commas but no spaces (e.g. 0,2,5). Use <a
				886	href="#clone">+clone</a> make a copy of the last image in the image
				887	sequence.</p>
				888
				889	<div style="margin: auto;">
				890	<h4><a name="clut" id="clut"></a>-clut</h4>
				891	</div>
				892
				893	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Replace the channel values in the first image using each
				894	corresponding channel in the second image as a <b>c</b>olor
				895	<b>l</b>ook<b>u</b>p <b>t</b>able.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				896
				897	<p>The second (LUT) image is ordinarily a gradient image containing the
				898	histogram mapping of how each channel should be modified. Typically it is a
				899	either a single row or column image of replacement color values. If larger
				900	than a single row or column, values are taken from a diagonal line from
				901	top-left to bottom-right corners.</p>
				902
				903	<p>The lookup is further controlled by the <a
				904	href="#interpolate">-interpolate</a> setting, which is especially handy for an
				905	LUT which is not the full length needed by the ImageMagick installed Quality
				906	(Q) level. Good settings for this are the '<kbd>bilinear</kbd>' and
				907	'<kbd>bicubic</kbd>' interpolation settings, which give smooth color
				908	gradients, and the '<kbd>integer</kbd>' setting for a direct, unsmoothed
				909	lookup of color values. </p>
				910
				911	<p>This operator is especially suited to replacing a grayscale image with a
				912	specific color gradient from the CLUT image. </p>
				913
				914	<p>Only the channel values defined by the <a href="#channel">-channel</a>
				915	setting will have their values replaced. In particular, since the default <a
				916	href="#channel">-channel</a> setting is <kbd>RGB</kbd>, this means that
				917	transparency (alpha/matte channel) is not affected, unless the <a
				918	href="#channel">-channel</a> setting is modified. When the alpha channel is
				919	set, it is treated by the <a href="#clut" >-clut</a> operator in the same way
				920	as the other channels, implying that alpha/matte values are replaced using the
				921	alpha/matte values of the original image. </p>
				922
				923	<p>If either the image being modified, or the lookup image, conatins no
				924	transparency (i.e. <a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> is turned 'off') but the <a
				925	href="#channel">-channel</a> setting includes alpha replacement, then it is
				926	assumed that image represents a gray-scale graident which will be used for the
				927	replacement alpha values. That is you can use a gray-scale CLUT image to
				928	adjust a existing images alpha channel, or you can color a gray-scale image
				929	using colors form CLUT containing the desired colors, including transparency.
				930	</p>
				931
				932	<p>See also <a href="#hald-clut" >-hald-clut</a> which replaces colors according
				933	the lookup of the full color RGB value from a 2D representation of a 3D color
				934	cube. </p>
				935
				936
				937	<div style="margin: auto;">
				938	<h4><a name="coalesce" id="coalesce"></a>-coalesce</h4>
				939	</div>
				940
				941	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Fully define the look of each frame of an GIF animation sequence, to form a 'film strip' animation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				942
				943	<p>Overlay each image in an image sequence according to its <a href="#dispose">-dispose</a> meta-data, to reproduce the look of an animation at each point in the animation sequence. All images should be the same size, and are assigned appropriate GIF disposal settings for the animation to continue working as expected as a GIF animation. Such frames are more easilly viewed and processed than the highly optimized GIF overlay images. </p>
				944
				945	<p>The animation can be re-optimized after processing using the <a href="#layers">-layers</a> method '<kbd>optimize</kbd>', though there is no guarantee that the restored GIF animation optimization is better than the original. </p>
				946
				947
				948	<div style="margin: auto;">
				949	<h4><a name="colorize" id="colorize"></a>-colorize <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				950	</div>
				951
				952	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Colorize the image by an amount specified by <em class="arg">value</em> using the color specified by the most recent <a href="#fill" >-fill</a> setting.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				953
				954	<p>Specify the amount of colorization as a percentage. Separate colorization values can be applied to the red, green, and blue channels of the image with a comma-delimited list of colorization values (e.g., <kbd>-colorize 0,0,50</kbd>).</p>
				955
				956	<div style="margin: auto;">
				957	<h4><a name="colormap" id="colormap"></a>-colormap <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				958	</div>
				959
				960	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Define the colormap type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				961
				962	<p>The <em class="arg">type</em> can be <kbd>shared</kbd> or <kbd>private</kbd>.</p>
				963
				964	<p>This option only applies when the default X server visual is <kbd>PseudoColor</kbd> or <kbd>GrayScale</kbd>. Refer to <a href="#visual">-visual</a> for more details. By default, a shared colormap is allocated. The image shares colors with other X clients. Some image colors could be approximated, therefore your image may look very different than intended. If <kbd>private</kbd> is chosen, the image colors appear exactly as they are defined. However, other clients may go <em>technicolor</em> when the image colormap is installed.</p>
				965
				966	<div style="margin: auto;">
				967	<h4><a name="colors" id="colors"></a>-colors <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				968	</div>
				969
				970	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the preferred number of colors in the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				971
				972	<p>The actual number of colors in the image may be less than your request, but never more. Note that this a color reduction option. Images with fewer unique colors than specified by <em class="arg">value</em> will have any duplicate or unused colors removed. The ordering of an existing color palette may be altered. When converting an image from color to grayscale, it is more efficient to convert the image to the gray colorspace before reducing the number of colors. Refer to the <a href="../www/quantize.html">color reduction algorithm</a> for more details.</p>
				973
				974	<div style="margin: auto;">
				975	<h4><a name="colorspace" id="colorspace"></a>-colorspace <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				976	</div>
				977
				978	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the image colorspace.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				979
				980	<p>Choices are:</p>
				981
				982	<pre class="text">
				983	CMY
				984	CMYK
				985	Gray
				986	HSB
				987	HSL
				988	HWB
				989	Lab
				990	Log
				991	OHTA
				992	Rec601Luma
				993	Rec601YCbCr
				994	Rec709Luma
				995	Rec709YCbCr
				996	RGB
				997	sRGB
				998	Transparent
				999	XYZ
				1000	YCbCr
				1001	YCC
				1002	YIQ
				1003	YPbPr
				1004	YUV
				1005	</pre>
				1006
				1007	<p>To print a complete list of colorspaces, use <a href="#list">-list colorspace</a>.</p>
				1008
				1009	<p>For a more accurate color conversion to or from the RGB, CMYK, or grayscale colorspaces, use the <a href="#profile">-profile</a> option.</p>
				1010
				1011	<table class="doc">
				1012	<caption>Conversion Of RGB To Other Color Spaces</caption>
				1013	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">CMY</th></tr>
				1014	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−R</td></tr>
				1015	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">M=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−G</td></tr>
				1016	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−B</td></tr>
				1017	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">CMYK — starts with CMY from above</th></tr>
				1018	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">K=min(C,Y,M)</td></tr>
				1019	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>*(C−K)/(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−K)</td></tr>
				1020	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">M=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>*(M−K)/(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−K)</td></tr>
				1021	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>*(Y−K)/(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−K)</td></tr>
				1022
				1023	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Gray</th></tr>
				1024	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Gray = 0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B</td></tr>
				1025
				1026	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">HSB — Hue, Saturation, Brightness; like a cone peak downward</th></tr>
				1027	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">H=angle around perimeter (0 to 360 deg); H=0 is red; increasing angles toward green</td></tr>
				1028	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">S=distance from axis outward</td></tr>
				1029	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">B=distance along axis from bottom upward; B=max(R,G,B); <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1030
				1031	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">HSL — Hue, Saturation, Lightness; like a double cone end-to-end with peaks at very top and bottom</th></tr>
				1032	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">H=angle around perimeter (0 to 360 deg); H=0 is red; increasing angles toward green</td></tr>
				1033	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">S=distance from axis outward</td></tr>
				1034	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">L=distance along axis from bottom upward; L=0.5max(R,G,B) + 0.5min(R,G,B); <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1035
				1036	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">HWB — Hue, Whiteness, Blackness</th></tr>
				1037	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Hue (complicated equation)</td></tr>
				1038	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Whiteness (complicated equation)</td></tr>
				1039	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Blackness (complicated equation)</td></tr>
				1040
				1041	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">LAB</th></tr>
				1042	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">L (complicated equation relating X,Y,Z)</td></tr>
				1043	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">A (complicated equation relating X,Y,Z)</td></tr>
				1044	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">B (complicated equation relating X,Y,Z)</td></tr>
				1045
				1046	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">LOG</th></tr>
				1047	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I1 (complicated equation involving logarithm of R)</td></tr>
				1048	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I2 (complicated equation involving logarithm of G)</td></tr>
				1049	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I3 (complicated equation involving logarithm of B)</td></tr>
				1050
				1051	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">OHTA — approximates principal components transformation</th></tr>
				1052	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I1=0.33333R+0.33334G+0.33333*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1053	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I2=(0.50000R+0.00000G−0.50000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1054	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I3=(−0.25000R+0.50000G−0.25000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1055
				1056	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec601Luma</th></tr>
				1057	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Gray = 0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B</td></tr>
				1058
				1059	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec601YCbCr</th></tr>
				1060	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.299000R+0.587000G+0.114000*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1061	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cb=(−0.168736R-0.331264G+0.500000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1062	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000R−0.418688G−0.081312B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1063
				1064	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec709Luma</th></tr>
				1065	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Gray=0.21260R+0.71520G+0.07220*B</td></tr>
				1066
				1067	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec709YCbCr</th></tr>
				1068	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.212600R+0.715200G+0.072200*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1069	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cb=(−0.114572R−0.385428G+0.500000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1070	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000R−0.454153G−0.045847B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1071
				1072	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">sRGB</th></tr>
				1073	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if Rs ≤ .03928 then Rs=R/12.92 else Rs=((R+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
				1074	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if Gs ≤ .03928 then Gs=B/12.92 else Gs=((G+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
				1075	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if Bs ≤ .03928 then Bs=B/12.92 else Bs=((B+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
				1076
				1077	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">XYZ</th></tr>
				1078	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">X=0.4124240R+0.3575790G+0.1804640*B</td></tr>
				1079	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.2126560R+0.7151580G+0.0721856*B</td></tr>
				1080	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Z=0.0193324R+0.1191930G+0.9504440*B</td></tr>
				1081
				1082	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YCC</th></tr>
				1083	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=(0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B) (with complicated scaling); <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1084	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C1=(−0.29900R−0.58700G+0.88600*B) (with complicated scaling)</td></tr>
				1085	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C2=(0.70100R−0.58700G−0.11400*B) (with complicated scaling)</td></tr>
				1086
				1087	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YCbCr</th></tr>
				1088	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.299000R+0.587000G+0.114000*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1089	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cb=(−0.168736R−0.331264G+0.500000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1090	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000R−0.418688G−0.081312B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1091
				1092	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YIQ</th></tr>
				1093	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1094	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I=(0.59600R−0.27400G−0.32200B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1095	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Q=(0.21100R−0.52300G+0.31200B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1096
				1097	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YPbPr</th></tr>
				1098	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.299000R+0.587000G+0.114000*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1099	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Pb=(−0.168736R−0.331264G+0.500000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1100	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Pr=(0.500000R−0.418688G−0.081312B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1101
				1102	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YUV</th></tr>
				1103	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1104	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">U=(−0.14740R−0.28950G+0.43690B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1105	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">V=(0.61500R−0.51500G−0.10000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1106	</table>
				1107
				1108	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1109	<h4><a name="combine" id="combine"></a>-combine</h4>
				1110	</div>
				1111
				1112	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Combine one or more images into a single image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1113
				1114	<p>The channels (previously set by <a href="#channel">-channel</a>) of the combined image are taken from the grayscale values of each image in the sequence, in order. For the default -channel setting of <kbd>RGB</kbd>, this means the first image is assigned to the <kbd>Red</kbd> channel, the second to the <kbd>Green</kbd> channel, the third to the <kbd>Blue</kbd>.</p>
				1115
				1116	<p>This option can be thought of as the inverse to <a href="#separate">-separate</a>, so long as the channel settings are the same. Thus, in the following example, the final image should be a copy of the original.
				1117	</p>
				1118
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1119	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert original.png -channel RGB -separate sepimage.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert sepimage-0.png sepimage-1.png sepimage-2.png -channel RGB \ <br/> -combine imagecopy.png</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1120	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1121	<h4><a name="comment" id="comment"></a>-comment <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
				1122	</div>
				1123
				1124	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Embed a comment in an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1125
				1126	<p>This option places comments in a non-pixel portion of the image file. For a comment to be visibly written on the image itself, use the <a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> or <a href="#draw">-draw</a> options.</p>
				1127
				1128	<p>Use this option to assign a specific comment to the image, when writing to an image format that supports comments. You can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image attribute by embedding special format characters listed under the <a href="#format">-format</a> option. The comment is not drawn on the image, but is embedded in the image datastream via "Comment" tag or similar mechanism. </p>
				1129
				1130	<p>For example,</p>
				1131
				1132	<p class="crtsnip">
				1133	-comment "%m:%f %wx%h"
				1134	</p>
				1135
				1136	<p>produces an image comment of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> for an image titled <kbd>bird.miff</kbd> and whose width is 512 and height is 480.</p>
				1137
				1138	<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">string</em> is <em class="arg">@</em>, the image comment is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string. Comments in a file are literal; no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
				1139
				1140	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1141	<h4><a name="compose" id="compose"></a>-compose <em class="arg">operator</em></h4>
				1142	</div>
				1143
				1144	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the type of image composition.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1145
				1146	<p>The description of composition uses abstract terminology in order to allow
				1147	the description to be more precise, while avoiding constant values which are
				1148	specific to a particular build configuration. Each image pixel is represented
				1149	by red, green, and blue levels (which are equal for a gray pixel). The
				1150	build-dependent value <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> is the maximum integral
				1151	value which may be stored, per pixel, in the red, green, or blue channels of
				1152	the image. Each image pixel may also optionally (if the image matte channel is
				1153	enabled) have an associated level of opacity, ranging from <em>opaque</em> to
				1154	<em>transparent</em>, which may be used to determine the influence of the pixel
				1155	color when compositing the pixel with another image pixel. If the image matte
				1156	channel is disabled, then all pixels in the image are treated as opaque. The
				1157	color of an opaque pixel is fully visible while the color of a transparent
				1158	pixel color is entirely absent (pixel color is ignored).</p>
				1159
				1160	<p>By definition, raster images have a rectangular shape. All image rows are of
				1161	equal length, as are all image columns. By treating the alpha channel as a
				1162	visual "mask" the rectangular image may be given a "shape" by treating the
				1163	alpha channel as a cookie-cutter for the image. This is done by setting the
				1164	pixels within the shape to be opaque, with pixels outside the shape set as
				1165	transparent. Pixels on the boundary of the shape may be between opaque and
				1166	transparent in order to provide antialiasing (visually smooth edges). The
				1167	description of the composition operators use this concept of image "shape" in
				1168	order to make the description of the operators easier to understand. While it
				1169	is convenient to describe the operators in terms of "shapes" they are by no
				1170	means limited to mask-style operations since they are based on continuous
				1171	floating-point mathematics rather than simple boolean operations.</p>
				1172
				1173	<p>The following alpha blending (Duff-Porter) compose methods are available:</p>
				1174
				1175	<table class="doc">
				1176	<tbody>
				1177	<tr valign="top">
				1178	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				1179	<th align="left">Description</th>
				1180	</tr>
				1181
				1182	<tr valign="top">
				1183	<td valign="top">clear</td>
				1184	<td valign="top">Both the color and the alpha of the destination are
				1185	cleared. Neither the source nor the destination are used (except for
				1186	destinations size and other meta-data which is always preserved.</td>
				1187	</tr>
				1188
				1189	<tr valign="top">
				1190	<td valign="top">src</td>
				1191	<td valign="top">The source is copied to the destination. The destination
				1192	is not used as input, though it is cleared.</td>
				1193	</tr>
				1194
				1195	<tr valign="top">
				1196	<td valign="top">dst</td>
				1197	<td valign="top">The destination is left untouched. The source image is
				1198	completely ignored.</td>
				1199	</tr>
				1200
				1201	<tr valign="top">
				1202	<td valign="top">src-over</td>
				1203	<td valign="top">The source is composited over the destination. this is
				1204	the default alpha blending compose method, when neither the compose
				1205	setting is set, nor is set in the image meta-data.</td>
				1206	</tr>
				1207
				1208	<tr valign="top">
				1209	<td valign="top">dst-over</td>
				1210	<td valign="top">The destination is composited over the source and the
				1211	result replaces the destination.</td>
				1212	</tr>
				1213
				1214	<tr valign="top">
				1215	<td valign="top">src-in</td>
				1216	<td valign="top">The part of the source lying inside of the destination
				1217	replaces the destination.</td>
				1218	</tr>
				1219
				1220	<tr valign="top">
				1221	<td valign="top">dst-in</td>
				1222	<td valign="top">The part of the destination lying inside of the source
				1223	replaces the destination. Areas not overlaid are cleared.</td>
				1224	</tr>
				1225
				1226	<tr valign="top">
				1227	<td valign="top">src-out</td>
				1228	<td valign="top">The part of the source lying outside of the destination
				1229	replaces the destination.</td>
				1230	</tr>
				1231
				1232	<tr valign="top">
				1233	<td valign="top">dst-out</td>
				1234	<td valign="top">The part of the destination lying outside of the source
				1235	replaces the destination.</td>
				1236	</tr>
				1237
				1238	<tr valign="top">
				1239	<td valign="top">src-atop</td>
				1240	<td valign="top">The part of the source lying inside of the destination is
				1241	composited onto the destination.</td>
				1242	</tr>
				1243
				1244	<tr valign="top">
				1245	<td valign="top">dst-atop</td>
				1246	<td valign="top">The part of the destination lying inside of the source is
				1247	composited over the source and replaces the destination. Areas not
				1248	overlaid are cleared. </td>
				1249	</tr>
				1250
				1251	<tr valign="top">
				1252	<td valign="top">xor</td>
				1253	<td valign="top">The part of the source that lies outside of the
				1254	destination is combined with the part of the destination that lies
				1255	outside of the source. Source or Destination, but not both. </td>
				1256	</tr>
				1257
				1258	</tbody>
				1259	</table>
				1260
				1261	<p>Any of the 'Src-*' methods can also be specified without the 'Src-' part.
				1262	For example the defaul compose method can be specified as just 'Over'.</p>
				1263
				1264
				1265	<p>The following mathemathical composition methods are also available. </p>
				1266
				1267	<p>Typically these use the default 'Over' alpha blending when transparencies
				1268	are also involved, except for 'Plus', 'Minus', 'Add', and 'Subtract', which
				1269	also composes the alpha channel using the same process as the color channels.
				1270	This allows them to be used for special image masking techniques. </p>
				1271
				1272	<table class="doc">
				1273	<tbody>
				1274	<tr valign="top">
				1275	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				1276	<th align="left">Description</th>
				1277	</tr>
				1278
				1279	<tr valign="top">
				1280	<td valign="top">multiply</td>
				1281	<td valign="top">The source is multiplied by the destination and replaces the destination. The resultant color is always at least as dark as either of the two constituent colors. Multiplying any color with black produces black. Multiplying any color with white leaves the original color unchanged.</td>
				1282	</tr>
				1283
				1284	<tr valign="top">
				1285	<td valign="top">screen</td>
				1286	<td valign="top">The source and destination are complemented and then multiplied and then replace the destination. The resultant color is always at least as light as either of the two constituent colors. Screening any color with white produces white. Screening any color with black leaves the original color unchanged.</td>
				1287	</tr>
				1288
				1289	<tr valign="top">
				1290	<td valign="top">plus</td>
				1291	<td valign="top">The source is added to the destination and replaces the
				1292	destination. This operator is useful for averaging or a controled
				1293	merger of two images, rather than a direct overlay.</td>
				1294	</tr>
				1295
				1296	<tr valign="top">
				1297	<td valign="top">add</td>
				1298	<td valign="top">As per 'plus' but transparency data is treated as matte
				1299	values. As such any transparent areas in either image remain
				1300	transparent. </td>
				1301	</tr>
				1302
				1303	<tr valign="top">
				1304	<td valign="top">minus</td>
				1305	<td valign="top">Subtract the colors in the source image from the
				1306	destination image. When transparency is involved, opaque areas is
				1307	subtracted from any destination opaque areas. </td>
				1308	</tr>
				1309
				1310	<tr valign="top">
				1311	<td valign="top">subtract</td>
				1312	<td valign="top">Subtract the colors in the source image from the
				1313	destination image. When transparency is involved transparent areas are
				1314	subtracted, so only the opaque areas in the source remain opaque in
				1315	the destination image. </td>
				1316	</tr>
				1317
				1318	<tr valign="top">
				1319	<td valign="top">difference</td>
				1320	<td valign="top">Subtracts the darker of the two constituent colors from
				1321	the lighter. Painting with white inverts the destination color.
				1322	Painting with black produces no change.</td>
				1323	</tr>
				1324
				1325	<tr valign="top">
				1326	<td valign="top">exclusion</td>
				1327	<td valign="top">Produces an effect similar to that of 'difference', but
				1328	appears as lower contrast. Painting with white inverts the
				1329	destination color. Painting with black produces no change.</td>
				1330	</tr>
				1331
				1332	<tr valign="top">
				1333	<td valign="top">darken</td>
				1334	<td valign="top">Selects the darker of the destination and source colors.
				1335	The destination is replaced with the source when the source is darker,
				1336	otherwise it is left unchanged.</td>
				1337	</tr>
				1338
				1339	<tr valign="top">
				1340	<td valign="top">lighten</td>
				1341	<td valign="top">Selects the lighter of the destination and source colors.
				1342	The destination is replaced with the source when the source is
				1343	lighter, otherwise it is left unchanged. </td>
				1344	</tr>
				1345
				1346	<tr valign="top">
				1347	<td valign="top">linear-dodge</td>
				1348	<td valign="top">This is equivelent to 'Plus' in that the color channels
				1349	are simply added, however it does not 'Plus' the alpha channel, but
				1350	uses the normal 'Over' alpha blending, which transparencies are
				1351	involved. Produces a sort of additive multiply-like result. Added
				1352	ImageMagick version 6.5.4-3. </td>
				1353	</tr>
				1354
				1355	<tr valign="top">
				1356	<td valign="top">linear-burn</td>
				1357	<td valign="top">As 'Linear-Dodge', but also subtract one from the result.
				1358	Sort of a additive 'Screen' of the images. Added ImageMagick version
				1359	6.5.4-3. </td>
				1360	</tr>
				1361
				1362	<tr valign="top">
				1363	<td valign="top">color-dodge</td>
				1364	<td valign="top">Brightens the destination color to reflect the source
				1365	color. Painting with black produces no change.</td>
				1366	</tr>
				1367
				1368	<tr valign="top">
				1369	<td valign="top">color-burn</td>
				1370	<td valign="top">Darkens the destination color to reflect the source
				1371	color. Painting with white produces no change. Fixed in ImageMagick
				1372	version 6.5.4-3. </td>
				1373	</tr>
				1374
				1375	<tr valign="top">
				1376	<td valign="top">overlay</td>
				1377	<td valign="top">Multiplies or screens the colors, dependent on the
				1378	destination color. Source colors overlay the destination whilst
				1379	preserving its highlights and shadows. The destination color is not
				1380	replaced, but is mixed with the source color to reflect the lightness
				1381	or darkness of the destination.</td>
				1382	</tr>
				1383
				1384	<tr valign="top">
				1385	<td valign="top">hard-light</td>
				1386	<td valign="top">Multiplies or screens the colors, dependent on the source
				1387	color value. If the source color is lighter than 0.5, the destination
				1388	is lightened as if it were screened. If the source color is darker
				1389	than 0.5, the destination is darkened, as if it were multiplied. The
				1390	degree of lightening or darkening is proportional to the difference
				1391	between the source color and 0.5. If it is equal to 0.5 the
				1392	destination is unchanged. Painting with pure black or white produces
				1393	black or white.</td>
				1394	</tr>
				1395
				1396
				1397	<tr valign="top">
				1398	<td valign="top">linear-light</td>
				1399	<td valign="top">Like 'Hard-Light' but using linear-dodge and linear-burn
				1400	instead. Increases contrast slightly with an impact on the
				1401	foreground's tonal values.</td>
				1402	</tr>
				1403
				1404	<tr valign="top">
				1405	<td valign="top">soft-light</td>
				1406	<td valign="top">Darkens or lightens the colors, dependent on the source
				1407	color value. If the source color is lighter than 0.5, the destination
				1408	is lightened. If the source color is darker than 0.5, the destination
				1409	is darkened, as if it were burned in. The degree of darkening or
				1410	lightening is proportional to the difference between the source color
				1411	and 0.5. If it is equal to 0.5, the destination is unchanged. Painting
				1412	with pure black or white produces a distinctly darker or lighter area,
				1413	but does not result in pure black or white. Fixed in ImageMagick
				1414	version 6.5.4-3. </td>
				1415	</tr>
				1416
				1417	<tr valign="top">
				1418	<td valign="top">pegtop-light</td>
				1419	<td valign="top">Almost equivelent to 'Soft-Light', but using a
				1420	continuious mathematical formula rather than two conditionally
				1421	selected formulae. Added ImageMagick version 6.5.4-3. </td>
				1422	</tr>
				1423
				1424	<tr valign="top">
				1425	<td valign="top">vivid-light</td>
				1426	<td valign="top">A modified 'Linear-Light' designed to preserve very stong
				1427	primary and secondary colors in the image. Added ImageMagick version
				1428	6.5.4-3. </td>
				1429	</tr>
				1430
				1431	<tr valign="top">
				1432	<td valign="top">pin-light</td>
				1433	<td valign="top">Similar to 'Hard-Light', but using sharp linear shadings,
				1434	to similate the effects of a strong 'pinhole' light source. Added
				1435	ImageMagick version 6.5.4-3. </td>
				1436	</tr>
				1437
				1438	</tbody>
				1439	</table>
				1440
				1441
				1442	<p>Also included are these special purpose compose methods:</p>
				1443
				1444	<table class="doc">
				1445	<tbody>
				1446	<tr valign="top">
				1447	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				1448	<th align="left">Description</th>
				1449	</tr>
				1450
				1451	<tr valign="top">
				1452	<td valign="top">copy-*</td>
				1453	<td valign="top">Copy the specified channel (Red, Green, Blue, Cyan,
				1454	Magenta, Yellow, Black, or Opacity) in the source image to the
				1455	same channel in the destination image. If the channel specified
				1456	does not exist in the source image, (which can only happen for methods,
				1457	'<kbd>copy-opacity</kbd>' or '<kbd>copy-black</kbd>') then it is
				1458	assumed that the source image is a special grayscale channel image
				1459	of the values to be copied. </td>
				1460	</tr>
				1461
				1462	<tr valign="top">
				1463	<td valign="top">change-mask</td>
				1464	<td valign="top">Replace any destination pixel that is the similar to the source images pixel (as defined by the current <a href="#fuzz">-fuzz</a> factor), with transparency. </td>
				1465	</tr>
				1466	</tbody>
				1467	</table>
				1468
				1469	<p>On top of these composed methods are a few special ones that not only require
				1470	the two images that are being merged or overlaid, but have some extra numerical
				1471	arguments, which are tabled below. </p>
				1472
				1473	<p>In the "<code>composite</code>" command these composition methods are
				1474	selected using special options with the arguments needed. They are usually,
				1475	but not always, the same name as the composte 'method' they use, and replaces
				1476	the normal use of the <a href="#compose" >-compose</a> setting in the
				1477	"<code>composite</code>" command. For example... </p>
				1478
				1479	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>composite ... -blend 50x50 ...</span></p>
				1480	<p>As of IM v6.5.3-4 the "<code>convert</code>" command can now also supply
				1481	these extra arguments to its <a href="#composite" >-composite</a> operator,
				1482	using the special <a href="#set">-set</a> attribute of '<kbd class="arg">option:compose:args</kbd>'. This means you can now make use of
				1483	these special argumented <a href="#compose" >-compose</a> methods, those the
				1484	argument and the method both need to be set separatally. For example... </p>
				1485
				1486	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert ... -compose blend -set option:compose:args 50x50 -composite ...</span></p>
				1487	<p>The following is a table of these special 'argumented' compose methods,
				1488	with a brief summary of what they do. For more details see the equivalent
				1489	"composite" command option name. </p>
				1490
				1491	<table class="doc">
				1492	<tbody>
				1493	<tr valign="top">
				1494	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				1495	<th align="left">Description</th>
				1496	</tr>
				1497
				1498	<tr valign="top">
				1499	<td valign="top">dissolve</td>
				1500	<td valign="top">Arguments:
				1501	<em class="arg">src_percent</em>[x<em class="arg">dst_percent</em>]
				1502	<br>Equivalent to "<code>composite</code>" <a href="#dissolve">-dissolve</a>
				1503	<br>Dissolve the 'source' image by the percentage given before overlaying
				1504	'over' the 'destination' image. If <em class="arg">src_percent</em> is
				1505	greater than 100, it starts dissolving the main image so it will
				1506	become transparent at a value of '<kbd class="arg">200</kbd>'. If
				1507	both percentages are given, each image are dissolved to the
				1508	percentages given.
				1509	</td>
				1510	</tr>
				1511
				1512	<tr valign="top">
				1513	<td valign="top">blend</td>
				1514	<td valign="top">Arguments:
				1515	<em class="arg">src_percent</em>[x<em class="arg">dst_percent</em>]
				1516	<br>Equivalent to "<code>composite</code>" <a href="#blend">-blend</a>
				1517	<br>Average the images together ('plus') according to the percentages
				1518	given and each pixels transparency. If only a single percentage value
				1519	is given it sets the weight of the composite or 'source' image, while
				1520	the background image is weighted by the exact opposite amount. That is
				1521	a <kbd>-blend 30</kbd> merges 30% of the 'source' image with 70% of
				1522	the 'destination' image. Thus it is equivalent to <kbd>-blend
				1523	30x70</kbd>.
				1524	</td>
				1525	</tr>
				1526
				1527	<tr valign="top">
				1528	<td valign="top">mathematics</td>
				1529	<td valign="top">Arguments: <em class="arg">A, B, C, D</em>
				1530	<br>Not available in "<code>composite</code>" at this time.
				1531	<br>Merge the source and destination images according to the formula
				1532	<br>     <code>AScDc + BSc + CDc + D</code>
				1533	<br>Can be used to generate a custom composition method that would
				1534	otherwise need to be implemented using the slow <a href="#fx">-fx</a>
				1535	DIY image operator. Added to ImageMagick version 6.5.4-3.
				1536	</td>
				1537	</tr>
				1538
				1539	<tr valign="top">
				1540	<td valign="top">modulate</td>
				1541	<td valign="top">Arguments:
				1542	<em class="arg">brightness</em>[x<em class="arg">saturation</em>]
				1543	<br>Equivalent to "<code>composite</code>" <a href="#watermark">-watermark</a>
				1544	<br>Take a grayscale image (with alpha mask) and modify the destination
				1545	image's brightness according to watermark image's grayscale value and
				1546	the <em class="arg">brightness</em> percentage. The destinations
				1547	color saturation attribute is just direct modified by the <em
				1548	class="arg">saturation</em> percentage, which defaults to 100 percent
				1549	(no color change).
				1550
				1551	</td>
				1552	</tr>
				1553
				1554	<tr valign="top">
				1555	<td valign="top">displace</td>
				1556	<td valign="top">Arguments:
				1557	<em class="arg">X-scale</em>[x<em class="arg">Y-scale</em>][!][%]
				1558	<br>Equivalent to "<code>composite</code>" <a href="#displace">-displace</a>
				1559	<br>With this option, the 'overlay' image, and optionally the 'mask'
				1560	image, is used as a relative displacement map, which is used to
				1561	displace the lookup of what part of the destination image is seen at
				1562	each point of the overlaid area. Much like the displacement map is a
				1563	'lens' that distorts the original 'background' image behind it.
				1564	<br><br>
				1565	The X-scale is modilated by the 'red' channel of the overlay image
				1566	while the Y-scale is modulated by the green channel, (the mask image
				1567	if given is rolled into green channel of the overlay image. This
				1568	separation allows you to modulate the X and Y lookup displacement
				1569	separatally allowing you to di 2 dimentional displacements, rather
				1570	than 1 dimentional verctored displacements (using grayscale image).
				1571	<br><br>
				1572	If the overlay image contains transparency this is used as a mask
				1573	of the resulting image to remove 'invalid' pixels.
				1574	<br><br>
				1575	The '%' flag makes the displacement scale relative to the size of the
				1576	overlay image (100% = half width/height of image). Using '!' switches
				1577	percentage arguments to refer to the destination image size instead.
				1578	<br><br>
				1579	Special flags were added Added to ImageMagick version 6.5.3-5.
				1580	</td>
				1581	</tr>
				1582
				1583	<tr valign="top">
				1584	<td valign="top">distort</td>
				1585	<td valign="top">Arguments:
				1586	<em class="arg">X-scale</em>[x<em class="arg">Y-scale</em
				1587	>[+<em class="arg">X-center</em>+<em class="arg">Y-center</em>]][!][%]
				1588	<br>Not available in "<code>composite</code>" at this time.
				1589	<br>Exactly as per 'Displace' (above), but using absolute coordinates,
				1590	relative to the center of the overlay (or that given). Basically
				1591	allows you to generate absolute distortion maps where 'black' will
				1592	look up the left/top edge, and 'white' looks up the bottom/right
				1593	edge of the destination image, according to the scale given.
				1594	<br><br>
				1595	The '!' flag not only switches percentage scaling, to use the
				1596	destination image, but also the image the center offset of the lookup.
				1597	This means the overlay can lookup a completely different region of the
				1598	destination image.
				1599	<br><br>
				1600	Added to ImageMagick version 6.5.3-5.
				1601	</td>
				1602	</tr>
				1603
				1604	<tr valign="top">
				1605	<td valign="top">blur</td>
				1606	<td valign="top">Arguments:
				1607	<em class="arg">Width</em>[x<em class="arg">Height</em
				1608	>[+<em class="arg">Angle</em>]]
				1609	<br>Equivalent to "<code>composite</code>"
				1610	<a href="#blur-composite">-blur</a>
				1611	<br>A Variable Blur Mapping Composition method, where each pixel in the
				1612	overlaid region is replaced with an Elliptical Weighted Average (EWA),
				1613	with an ellipse (typically a circle) of the given sigma size, scaled
				1614	according to overlay (source image) grayscale mapping.
				1615	<br><br>
				1616	As per 'Displace' and 'Distort', the red channel will modulate the
				1617	width of the ellipse, while the green channel will modulate the height
				1618	of the ellipse. However at this time the ellipse angle is not
				1619	modulated though this may be a future posibility (perhaps with a
				1620	special flag to enable use of blur channel for this purpose).
				1621	<br><br>
				1622	Added to ImageMagick version 6.5.4-0.
				1623	</td>
				1624	</tr>
				1625
				1626	</tbody>
				1627	</table>
				1628
				1629	<p>To print a complete list of all the available compose operators, use <a href="#list">-list compose</a>.</p>
				1630
				1631
				1632	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1633	<h4><a name="composite" id="composite"></a>-composite</h4>
				1634	</div>
				1635
				1636	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Perform alpha composition on the current image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1637
				1638	<p>Take the first image 'destination' and overlay the second 'source' image
				1639	according to the current <a href="#compose">-compose</a> setting. The location
				1640	of the 'source' or 'overlay' image is controlled according to <a
				1641	href="#geometry" >-geometry</a>, and <a href="#geometry" >-geometry</a>
				1642	settings. </p>
				1643
				1644	<p>If a third image is given this is treated as a gray-scale 'mask' image
				1645	relative to the first 'destination' image. This mask will limit what parts of
				1646	the destination can be modified by the image composition. However for the
				1647	'<kbd>displace</kbd>' compose method, the mask is used to provide a separate
				1648	Y-displacement image instead. </p>
				1649
				1650	<p>If a <a href="#compose">-compose</a> method requires extra numerical
				1651	arguments or flags these can be provided by setting the <a
				1652	href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd class="arg">option:compose:args</kbd>'
				1653	appropriatally for the compose method. </p>
				1654
				1655	<p>Some <a href="#compose">-compose</a> methods can modify the 'destination'
				1656	image outside the overlay area. You can disable this by setting the special <a
				1657	href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd class="arg">option:compose:outside-overlay</kbd>'
				1658	to '<kbd>false</kbd>'. </p>
				1659
				1660
				1661	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1662	<h4><a name="compress" id="compress"></a>-compress <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				1663	</div>
				1664
				1665	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Use pixel compression specified by <em class="arg">type</em> when writing the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1666
				1667	<p>Choices are: <kbd class="arg">None</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">BZip</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">Fax</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">Group4</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">JPEG</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">JPEG2000</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">Lossless</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">LZW</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">RLE</kbd> or <kbd class="arg">Zip</kbd>.</p>
				1668
				1669	<p>To print a complete list of compression types, use <a href="#list">-list compress</a>.</p>
				1670
				1671	<p>Specify <a href="#compress">+compress</a> to store the binary image in an uncompressed format. The default is the compression type of the specified image file.</p>
				1672
				1673	<p>If <kbd>LZW</kbd> compression is specified but LZW compression has not been enabled, the image data is written in an uncompressed LZW format that can be read by LZW decoders. This may result in larger-than-expected GIF files.</p>
				1674
				1675	<p><kbd>Lossless</kbd> refers to lossless JPEG, which is only available if the JPEG library has been patched to support it. Use of lossless JPEG is generally not recommended.</p>
				1676
				1677	<p>Use the <a href="#quality">-quality</a> option to set the compression level to be used by JPEG, PNG, MIFF, and MPEG encoders. Use the <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor</a> option to set the sampling factor to be used by JPEG, MPEG, and YUV encoders for down-sampling the chroma channels.</p>
				1678
				1679	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1680	<h4><a name="contrast" id="contrast"></a>-contrast</h4>
				1681	</div>
				1682
				1683	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Enhance or reduce the image contrast.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1684
				1685	<p>This option enhances the intensity differences between the lighter and darker elements of the image. Use <a href="#contrast">-contrast</a> to enhance the image or <a href="#contrast">+contrast</a> to reduce the image contrast.</p>
				1686
				1687	<p>For a more pronounced effect you can repeat the option:</p>
				1688
				1689	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -contrast -contrast rose_c2.png</span></p>
				1690	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1691	<h4><a name="contrast-stretch" id="contrast-stretch"></a>-contrast-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em><br />-contrast-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em>{x<em class="arg">white-point</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}}</h4>
				1692	</div>
				1693
				1694	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Increase the contrast in an image by <em>stretching</em> the range of intensity values.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1695
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1696	<p>While performing the stretch, black-out at most <em
				1697	class="arg" >black-point</em> pixels and white-out at most <em
				1698	class="arg" >white-point</em> pixels. Or, if percent is used, black-out at most
				1699	<em class="arg" >black-point %</em> pixels and white-out at most <em
				1700	class="arg" >white-point %</em> pixels.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1701
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1702	<p>Prior to ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <a href="#contrast-stretch"
				1703	>-contrast-stretch</a> will black-out at most <em class="arg"
				1704	>black-point</em> pixels and white-out at most <em class="arg" >total pixels
				1705	minus white-point</em> pixels. Or, if percent is used, black-out at most <em
				1706	class="arg">black-point %</em> pixels and white-out at most <em class="arg"
				1707	>100% minus white-point %</em> pixels.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1708
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1709	<p>Note that <kbd>-contrast-stretch 0</kbd> will modify the image such that
				1710	the image's min and max values are stretched to 0 and <em class="QR"
				1711	>QuantumRange</em>, respectively, without any loss of data due to burn-out or
				1712	clipping at either end. This is not the same as <a href="#normalize"
				1713	>-normalize</a>, which is equivalent to <kbd>-contrast-stretch 2%x1%</kbd> (or
				1714	prior to ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <kbd>-contrast-stretch 2%x99%</kbd>).</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1715
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1716	<p>Internally operator works by creating a histogram bin, and then uses that
				1717	bin to modify the image. As such some colors may be merged together when they
				1718	originally fell into the same 'bin'. </p>
				1719
				1720	<p>All the channels are normalized in concert by the came amount so as to
				1721	preserve color integrity, when the default <a href="#channel" >+channel</a>
				1722	setting is in use. Specifing any other <a href="#channel" >-channel</a>
				1723	setting will normalize the RGB channels independently.</p>
				1724
				1725	<p>See also <a href="#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect'
				1726	normalization of mathematical images. </p>
				1727
				1728	<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1729
				1730
				1731	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1732	<h4><a name="convolve" id="convolve"></a>-convolve <em class="arg">kernel</em></h4>
				1733	</div>
				1734
				1735	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Convolve an image with a user-supplied convolution kernel.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1736
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1737	<p>The <em class="arg">kernel</em> is a matrix specified as
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1738	a comma-separated list of integers (with no spaces), ordered left-to right,
				1739	starting with the top row. Presently, only odd-dimensioned kernels are
				1740	supported, and therefore the number of entries in the specified <em
				1741	class="arg">kernel</em> must be 3<sup>2</sup>=9, 5<sup>2</sup>=25,
				1742	7<sup>2</sup>=49, etc. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1743
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1744	<p>Note that the <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#convolve">‑convolve</a> operator supports the <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> setting. This option shifts the convolution so that
				1745	positive and negative results are relative to a user-specified bias value.
				1746	This is important for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick when dealing with
				1747	convolutions that contain negative as well as positive values. This is
				1748	especially the case with convolutions involving high pass filters or edge
				1749	detection. Without an output bias, the negative values is clipped at zero.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1750	</p>
				1751
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1752	<p>When using an ImageMagick with the HDRI compile-time setting, <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> is not needed, as ImageMagick is able to store/handle any
				1753	negative results without clipping to the color value range (0..QuantumRange).
				1754	See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page <a
				1755	href="/www/high-dynamic-range.html">High
				1756	Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a
				1757	href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri">Usage</a> pages or this
				1758	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a>
				1759	entry. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1760
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1761
				1762	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1763	<h4><a name="crop" id="crop"></a>-crop <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				1764	</div>
				1765
				1766	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Cut out one or more rectangular regions of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1767
				1768	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				1769
				1770	<p>The <em class="arg">width</em> and <em class="arg">height</em> of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument give the size of the image that remains after cropping, and <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> in the <em class="arg">offset</em> (if present) gives the location of the top left corner of the cropped image with respect to the original image. To specify the amount to be removed, use <a href="#shave">-shave</a> instead.</p>
				1771
				1772	<p>If the <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> offsets are present, a single image is generated, consisting of the pixels from the cropping region. The offsets specify the location of the upper left corner of the cropping region measured downward and rightward with respect to the upper left corner of the image. If the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with <kbd>NorthEast</kbd>, <kbd>East</kbd>, or <kbd>SouthEast</kbd> gravity, it gives the distance leftward from the right edge of the image to the right edge of the cropping region. Similarly, if the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with <kbd>SouthWest</kbd>, <kbd>South</kbd>, or <kbd>SouthEast</kbd> gravity, the distance is measured upward between the bottom edges.</p>
				1773
				1774	<p>If the <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> offsets are omitted, a set of tiles of the specified geometry, covering the entire input image, is generated. The rightmost tiles and the bottom tiles are smaller if the specified geometry extends beyond the dimensions of the input image.</p>
				1775
				1776	<p>By adding a exclamation character flag to the geometry argument, the
				1777	cropped images virtual canvas page size and offset is set as if the
				1778	geometry argument was a viewport or window. This means the canvas page size
				1779	is set to exactly the same size you specified, the image offset set
				1780	relative top left corner of the region cropped. </p>
				1781
				1782	<p>If the cropped image 'missed' the actual image on its virtual canvas, a
				1783	special single pixel transparent 'missed' image is returned, and a 'crop
				1784	missed' warning given. </p>
				1785
cristy	739df91	2009-10-24 16:10:18 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1786	<p>It might be necessary to <a href="#repage" >+repage</a> the image prior to cropping the image to ensure the crop coordinate frame is relocated to the upper-left corner of the visible image.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1787
				1788	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1789	<h4><a name="cycle" id="cycle"></a>-cycle <em class="arg">amount</em></h4>
				1790	</div>
				1791
				1792	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>displace image colormap by amount.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1793
				1794	<p><em class="arg">Amount</em> defines the number of positions each
				1795	colormap entry is shifted.</p>
				1796
				1797
				1798	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1799	<h4><a name="debug" id="debug"></a>-debug <em class="arg">events</em></h4>
				1800	</div>
				1801
				1802	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>enable debug printout.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1803
				1804	<p>The <kbd>events</kbd> parameter specifies which events are to be logged. It can be either <kbd>None</kbd>, <kbd>All</kbd>, <kbd>Trace</kbd>, or a comma-separated list consisting of one or more of the following domains: <kbd>Annotate</kbd>, <kbd>Blob</kbd>, <kbd>Cache</kbd>, <kbd>Coder</kbd>, <kbd>Configure</kbd>, <kbd>Deprecate</kbd>, <kbd>Exception</kbd>, <kbd>Locale</kbd>, <kbd>Render</kbd>, <kbd>Resource</kbd>, <kbd>Security</kbd>, <kbd>TemporaryFile</kbd>, <kbd>Transform</kbd>, <kbd>X11</kbd>, or <kbd>User</kbd>. </p>
				1805
				1806
				1807	<p>For example, to log cache and blob events, use.</p>
				1808
				1809	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -debug "Cache,Blob" rose: rose.png</span></p>
				1810	<p>The <kbd>User</kbd> domain is normally empty, but developers can log user events in their private copy of ImageMagick.</p>
				1811
				1812	<p>To print the complete list of debug methods, use <a href="#list">-list debug</a>.</p>
				1813
				1814	<p>Use the <a href="#log">-log</a> option to specify the format for debugging output.</p>
				1815
				1816	<p>Use <a href="#debug">+debug</a> to turn off all logging.</p>
				1817
				1818	<p>Debugging may also be set using the <kbd>MAGICK_DEBUG</kbd> <a href="../www/resources.html#environment">environment variable</a>. The allowed values for the <kbd>MAGICK_DEBUG</kbd> environment variable are the same as for the <a href="#debug">-debug</a> option.</p>
				1819
				1820
				1821	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1822	<h4><a name="decipher" id="decipher"></a>-decipher <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
				1823	</div>
				1824
				1825	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Decipher and restore pixels that were previously transformed by <a href="#encipher">-encipher</a>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1826
				1827	<p>Get the passphrase from the file specified by <em class="arg">filename</em>.</p>
				1828
				1829	<p>For more information, see the webpage, <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/www/cipher.html">ImageMagick: Encipher or Decipher an Image</a>.</p>
				1830
				1831
				1832	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1833	<h4><a name="deconstruct" id="deconstruct"></a>-deconstruct</h4>
				1834	</div>
				1835
				1836	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>find areas that has changed between images </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1837
				1838	<p>Given a sequence of images all the same size, such as produced by <a href="#coalesce">-coalesce</a>, replace the second and later images, with a smaller image of just the area that changed relative to the previous image. </p>
				1839
				1840	<p>The resulting sequence of images can be used to optimize an animation sequence, though will not work correctly for GIF animations when parts of the animation can go from opaque to transparent. </p>
				1841
				1842	<p>This option is actually equivalent to the <a href="#layers">-layers</a> method '<kbd>compare-any</kbd>'. </p>
				1843
				1844
				1845	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1846	<h4><a name="define" id="define"></a>-define <em class="arg">key</em>{<em class="arg">=value</em>}<em class="arg">...</em></h4>
				1847	</div>
				1848
				1849	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>add coder/decoder specific options.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1850
				1851	<p>This option creates one or more definitions for coders and decoders to use while reading and writing image data. Definitions may be passed to coders and decoders to control options that are specific to certain image formats. If <em class="arg">value</em> is missing for a definition, an empty-valued definition of a flag is created with that name. This used to control on/off options. Use <a href="#define">+define key</a> to remove definitions previously created. Use <a href="#define">+define "*"</a> to remove all existing definitions.</p>
				1852
				1853	<p>The following definitions may be created:</p>
				1854
				1855	<ul>
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1856	<dt>dcm:display-range=reset</dt>
				1857	<dd>Set the display range to the minimum and maximum pixel values for the DCM image format.</dd><br />
				1858	<dt>dot:layout-engine=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
				1859	<dd>Set the specify the layout engine for the DOT image format (e.g. <kbd>neato</kbd>).</dd><br />
				1860	<dt>jpeg:extent=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
cristy	7396d88	2010-01-27 02:37:56 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1861	<dd>Restrict the maximum JPEG file size, for example <kbd>-define jpeg:extent=400kb</kbd>.</dd><br />
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1862	<dt>jpeg:size=<em class="arg">geometry</em></dt>
cristy	48dd1af	2009-10-02 01:21:56 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1863	<dd>Set the size hint of a JPEG image, for example, -define jpeg:size=128x128. It is most useful for increasing performance and reducing the memory requirements when reducing the size of a large JPEG image.</dd><br />
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1864	<dt>jp2:rate=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1865	<dd>Specify the compression factor to use while writing JPEG-2000 files. The compression factor is the reciprocal of the compression ratio. The valid range is 0.0 to 1.0, with 1.0 indicating lossless compression. If defined, this value overrides the -quality setting. A quality setting of 75 results in a rate value of 0.06641.</dd><br />
				1866	<dt>mng:need-cacheoff</dt>
				1867	<dd>turn playback caching off for streaming MNG.</dd><br />
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1868	<dt>png:bit-depth=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
				1869	<dt>png:color-type=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1870	<dd>desired bit-depth and color-type for PNG output. You can force the PNG encoder to use a different bit-depth and color-type than it would have normally selected, but only if this does not cause any loss of image quality. Any attempt to reduce image quality is treated as an error and no PNG file is written. E.g., if you have a 1-bit black-and-white image, you can use these "defines" to cause it to be written as an 8-bit grayscale, indexed, or even a 64-bit RGBA. But if you have a 16-million color image, you cannot force it to be written as a grayscale or indexed PNG. If you wish to do this, you must use the appropriate <a href="#depth">-depth</a>, <a href="#colors">-colors</a>, or <a href="#type">-type</a> directives to reduce the image quality prior to using the PNG encoder. Note that in indexed PNG files, "bit-depth" refers to the number of bits per index, which can range from 1 to 8. In such files, the color samples always have 8-bit depth.</dd><br />
				1871	<dt>ps:imagemask</dt>
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1872	<dd>If the ps:imagemask flag is defined, the PS3 and EPS3 coders will create Postscript files that render bilevel images with the Postscript imagemask operator instead of the image operator.</dd><br />
				1873	<dt>quantum:format=<em class="arg">type</em></dt>
				1874	<dd>Set the type to <kbd>floating-point</kbd> to specify a single precision floating-point format for raw files (e.g. GRAY:).</dd>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1875	</ul>
				1876
				1877	<p>For example, to create a postscript file that will render only the black pixels of a bilevel image, use:</p>
				1878
				1879	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert bilevel.tif -define ps:imagemask eps3:stencil.ps</span></p>
				1880	<p>Set attributes of the image registry by prefixing the value with <kbd>registry:</kbd>. For example, to set a temporary path to put work files, use:</p>
				1881
				1882	<p class="crtsnip">
				1883	-define registry:temporary-path=/data/tmp
				1884	</p>
				1885
				1886	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1887	<h4><a name="delay" id="delay"></a>-delay <em class="arg">ticks</em> <br />-delay <em class="arg">ticks</em>x<em class="arg">ticks-per-second</em> {<em class="arg"><</em>} {<em class="arg">></em>}</h4>
				1888	</div>
				1889
				1890	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>display the next image after pausing.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1891
				1892	<p>This option is useful for regulating the animation of image sequences <em>ticks/ticks-per-second</em> seconds must expire before the display of the next image. The default is no delay between each showing of the image sequence. The default ticks-per-second is 100.</p>
				1893
				1894	<p>Use <kbd>></kbd> to change the image delay <em>only</em> if its current value exceeds the given delay. <kbd><</kbd> changes the image delay <em>only</em> if current value is less than the given delay. For example, if you specify <kbd>30></kbd> and the image delay is 20, the image delay does not change. However, if the image delay is 40 or 50, the delay it is changed to 30. Enclose the given delay in quotation marks to prevent the <kbd><</kbd> or <kbd>></kbd> from being interpreted by your shell as a file redirection.</p>
				1895
				1896
				1897	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1898	<h4><a name="delete" id="delete"></a>-delete <em class="arg">index</em></h4>
				1899	</div>
				1900
				1901	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>delete the image, specified by its index, from the image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1902
				1903	<p>Specify the image by its index in the sequence. The first image is index 0. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the sequence, for example, -1 represents the last image of the sequence. Specify a range of images with a dash (e.g. 0-4). Separate indexes with a comma (e.g. 0,2). Use <kbd>+delete</kbd> to delete the last image in the current image sequence.</p>
				1904
				1905
				1906	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1907	<h4><a name="density" id="density"></a>-density <em class="arg">width</em><br />-density <em class="arg">width</em>x<em class="arg">height</em></h4>
				1908	</div>
				1909
				1910	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the horizontal and vertical resolution of an image for rendering to devices.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1911
				1912	<p>This option specifies the image resolution to store while encoding a raster image or the canvas resolution while rendering (reading) vector formats such as Postscript, PDF, WMF, and SVG into a raster image. Image resolution provides the unit of measure to apply when rendering to an output device or raster image. The default unit of measure is in dots per inch (DPI). The <a href="#units">-units</a> option may be used to select dots per centimeter instead.</p>
				1913
				1914	<p>The default resolution is 72 dots per inch, which is equivalent to one point per pixel (Macintosh and Postscript standard). Computer screens are normally 72 or 96 dots per inch, while printers typically support 150, 300, 600, or 1200 dots per inch. To determine the resolution of your display, use a ruler to measure the width of your screen in inches, and divide by the number of horizontal pixels (1024 on a 1024x768 display).</p>
				1915
				1916	<p>If the file format supports it, this option may be used to update the stored image resolution. Note that Photoshop stores and obtains image resolution from a proprietary embedded profile. If this profile is not stripped from the image, then Photoshop will continue to treat the image using its former resolution, ignoring the image resolution specified in the standard file header.</p>
				1917
				1918	<p>The <a href="#density">-density</a> option sets an <em>attribute</em> and does not alter the underlying raster image. It may be used to adjust the rendered size for desktop publishing purposes by adjusting the scale applied to the pixels. To resize the image so that it is the same size at a different resolution, use the <a href="#resample">-resample</a> option.</p>
				1919
				1920	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1921	<h4><a name="depth" id="depth"></a>-depth <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				1922	</div>
				1923
				1924	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>depth of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1925
				1926	<p>This the number of bits in a color sample within a pixel. Use this option to specify the depth of raw images whose depth is unknown such as GRAY, RGB, or CMYK, or to change the depth of any image after it has been read.</p>
				1927
				1928	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1929	<h4><a name="descend" id="descend"></a>-descend</h4>
				1930	</div>
				1931
				1932	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>obtain image by descending window hierarchy.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1933
				1934	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1935	<h4><a name="deskew" id="deskew"></a>-deskew <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
				1936	</div>
				1937
				1938	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>straighten an image. A threshold of 40% works for most images.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1939
				1940	<p>Use <a href="#set">-set</a> <kbd>option:deskew:auto-crop <em>width</em></kbd> to auto crop the image. The set argument is the pixel width of the image background (e.g 40).</p>
				1941
				1942	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1943	<h4><a name="despeckle" id="despeckle"></a>-despeckle</h4>
				1944	</div>
				1945
				1946	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>reduce the speckles within an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1947
				1948	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1949	<h4><a name="displace" id="displace"></a>-displace <em class="arg">horizontal-scale</em><br />-displace <em class="arg">horizontal-scale</em>x<em class="arg">vertical-scale</em></h4>
				1950	</div>
				1951
				1952	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>shift image pixels as defined by a displacement map.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				1953
				1954	<p>With this option, the 'overlay' image, and optionally the 'mask' image,
				1955	will be used as a displacement map, which is used to displace the lookup of
				1956	what part of the 'background' image is seen at each point of the overlaid
				1957	area. Much like the displacement map is a 'lens' that redirects light shining
				1958	through it so as to present a distorted view the original 'background' image
				1959	behind it. </p>
				1960
				1961	<p>Any perfect grey areas of the displacement map produce a zero
				1962	displacement of the image. Black areas produce the given maximum negative
				1963	displacement of the lookup point, while white produce a maximum positive
				1964	displacement of the lookup. </p>
				1965
				1966	<p>Note that it is the lookup of the 'background' that is displaced, not a
				1967	displacement of the image itself. As such an area of the displacement map
				1968	containing 'white' will have the lookup point 'shifted' by a positive amount,
				1969	and thus generating a copy of the destination image to the right/downward from
				1970	the correct position. That is the image will look like it may have been
				1971	'shifted' in a negative left/upward direction. Understanding this is a very
				1972	important in understanding how displacement maps work. </p>
				1973
				1974	<p>The given arguments define the maximum amount of displacement in pixels
				1975	that a particular map can produce. If the displacement scale is large enough
				1976	it is also posible to lookup parts of the 'background' image that lie well
				1977	outside the bounds of the displacement map itself. That is you could very
				1978	easilly copy a section of the original image from outside the overlay area
				1979	into the overlay area. </p>
				1980
				1981	<p>The '%' flag makes the displacement scale relative to the size of the
				1982	overlay image (100% = half width/height of image). Using '!' switches
				1983	percentage arguments to refer to the destination image size instead.
				1984	these flags were added as of IM v6.5.3-5.</p>
				1985
				1986	<p>Normally a single grayscale displacement map is provided, which with the
				1987	given scaling values will determine a single direction (vector) in which
				1988	displacements can occur (positivally or negativally). However, if you also
				1989	specify a third image which is normally used as a <em class="arg">mask</em>,
				1990	then the <em class="arg">composite image</em> will be used for horizontal X
				1991	displacement, while the <em class="arg">mask image</em> is used for vertical Y
				1992	displacement. This allows you to define completely different displacement
				1993	values for the X and Y directions, and allowing you to lookup any point within
				1994	the <em class="arg">scale</em> bounds. In other words each pixel can lookup
				1995	any other nearby pixel, producing complex 2 dimentional displacements, rather
				1996	than a simple 1 dimentional vector displacements. </p>
				1997
				1998	<p>Alternativally rather than suppling two separate images, as of IM v6.4.4-0,
				1999	you can use the 'red' channel of the overlay image to specify the horizontal
				2000	or X displacement, and the 'green' channel for the vertical or Y displacement.
				2001	</p>
				2002
				2003	<p>As of IM v6.5.3-5 any alpha channel in the overlay image will be used as a
				2004	mask the transparency of the destination image. However areas outside the
				2005	overlaid areas will not be effected. </p>
				2006
				2007
				2008	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2009	<h4><a name="display" id="display"></a>-display <em class="arg">host:display[.screen]</em></h4>
				2010	</div>
				2011
				2012	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specifies the X server to contact.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				2013
				2014	<p>This option is used with convert for obtaining image or font from this X server. See <em class="arg">X(1)</em>.</p>
				2015
				2016	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2017	<h4><a name="dispose" id="dispose"></a>-dispose <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
				2018	</div>
				2019
				2020	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>define the GIF disposal image setting for images that are being created or read in. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2021
				2022	<p>The layer disposal method defines the way each the displayed image is to be
				2023	modified after the current 'frame' of an animation has finished being
				2024	displayed (after its 'delay' period), but before the next frame on an
				2025	animation is to be overlaid onto the display. </p>
				2026
				2027	<p>Here are the valid methods:</p>
				2028
				2029	<pre class="text">
				2030	Undefined 0 No disposal specified (equivalent to '<kbd>none</kbd>').
				2031	None 1 Do not dispose, just overlay next frame image.
				2032	Background 2 Clear the frame area with the background color.
				2033	Previous 3 Clear to the image prior to this frames overlay.
				2034	</pre>
				2035
				2036	<p>You can also use the numbers given above, which is what the GIF format
				2037	uses internally to represent the above settings. </p>
				2038
				2039	<p>To print a complete list of dispose methods, use <a href="#list">-list dipose</a>.</p>
				2040
				2041	<p>Use <a href="#dispose" >+dispose</a>, turn off the setting and prevent
				2042	resetting the layer disposal methods of images being read in. </p>
				2043
				2044	<p>Use <a href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd>dispose</kbd>' method to set the image
				2045	disposal method for images already in memory.</p>
				2046
				2047	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2048	<h4><a name="dissimilarity-threshold" id="dissimilarity-threshold"></a>-dissimilarity-threshold <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				2049	</div>
				2050
				2051	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>maximum RMSE for subimage match (default 0.2).</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/compare.html">compare</a>]</td></tr></table>
				2052
				2053
				2054	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2055	<h4><a name="dissolve" id="dissolve"></a>-dissolve <em class="arg">src_percent</em>[x<em class="arg">dst_percent</em>]</h4>
				2056	</div>
				2057
				2058	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>dissolve an image into another by the given percent.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				2059
				2060	<p>The opacity of the composite image is multiplied by the given percent, then
				2061	it is composited 'over' the main image. If <em class="arg">src_percent</em>
				2062	is greater than 100, start dissolving the main image so it will become
				2063	transparent at a value of '<kbd class="arg">200</kbd>'. If both percentages
				2064	are given, each image are dissolved to the percentages given. </p>
				2065
				2066	<p>Note that dissolve percentages do not add, two opaque images dissolved
				2067	'50,50', produce a 75% transparency. For a 50% + 50% blending of the two
				2068	images, you would need to use dissolve values of '50,100'. </p>
				2069
				2070	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2071	<h4><a name="distort" id="distort"></a>-distort <em class="arg">method arguments</em></h4>
				2072	</div>
				2073
				2074	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>distort an image, using the given <em class="arg">method</em> and its required <em class="arg">arguments</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2075
				2076	<p>The <em class="arg">arguments</em> is a single string containing a list
				2077	of floating point numbers separated by commas or spaces. The number of
				2078	and meaning of the floating point values depends on the distortion <em
				2079	class="arg">method</em> being used. </p>
				2080
				2081	<p>Choose from these distortion types:</p>
				2082
				2083	<table class="doc">
				2084	<tr valign="top">
				2085	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				2086	<th align="left">Description</th>
				2087	</tr>
				2088
				2089	<tr valign="top">
				2090	<td valign="top"><kbd>ScaleRotateTranslate</kbd>
				2091	<br/>or   <kbd>SRT</kbd></td>
				2092	<td valign="top">
				2093	Distort image by first scaling and rotating about a given 'center',
				2094	before translating that 'center' to the new location, in that order. It
				2095	is an alternative method of specifying a '<kbd>Affine</kbd>' type of
				2096	distortion, but without shearing effects. It also provides a good way
				2097	of rotating and displacing a smaller image for tiling onto a larger
				2098	background (IE 2-dimensional animations). <br/>
				2099
				2100	The number of arguments determine the specific meaning of each
				2101	argument for the scales, rotation, and translation operations. <br/>
				2102
				2103	<table style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">
				2104	<tr><td>#  </td><td>arguments meaning</td></tr>
				2105	<tr><td>1:</td><td><em>Angle_of_Rotation</em></td></tr>
				2106	<tr><td>2:</td><td><em>Scale   Angle</em></td></tr>
				2107	<tr><td>3:</td><td><em>ScaleX,ScaleY   Angle</em></td></tr>
				2108	<tr><td>4:</td><td><em>X,Y   Scale   Angle</em></td></tr>
				2109	<tr><td>5:</td>
				2110	<td><em>X,Y   ScaleX,ScaleY   Angle</em></td></tr>
				2111	<tr><td>6:</td>
				2112	<td><em>X,Y   Scale   Angle   NewX,NewY</em></td></tr>
				2113	<tr><td>7:</td>
				2114	<td><em>X,Y   ScaleX,ScaleY   Angle
				2115	NewX,NewY</em></td></tr>
				2116	</table>
				2117
				2118	This is actually an alternative way of specifing a 2 dimensional linear
				2119	'<kbd>Affine</kbd>' or '<kbd>AffineProjection</kbd>' distortion. </td> </tr>
				2120
				2121	<tr valign="top">
				2122	<td valign="top"><kbd>Affine</kbd></td>
				2123	<td valign="top">
				2124	Distort the image linearly by moving a list of at least 3 or more sets
				2125	of control points (as defined below). Idealy 3 sets or 12 floating
				2126	point values are given allowing the image to be linearly scaled,
				2127	rotated, sheared, and translated, according to those three points. See
				2128	also the related '<kbd>AffineProjection</kbd>' and '<kbd>SRT</kbd>'
				2129	distortions. <br/>
				2130
				2131	More than 3 sets given control point pairs (12 numbers) is least
				2132	squares fitted to best match a lineary affine distortion. If only 2
				2133	control point pairs (8 numbers) are given a two point image translation
				2134	rotation and scaling is performed, without any posible shearing,
				2135	flipping or changes in aspect ratio to the resulting image. If only one
				2136	control point pair is provides the image is only translated, (which may
				2137	be a floating point non-integer translation). <br/>
				2138
				2139	This distortion does not include any form of perspective distortion.
				2140	</td>
				2141
				2142	</tr>
				2143
				2144	<tr valign="top">
				2145	<td valign="top"><kbd>AffineProjection</kbd></td>
				2146	<td valign="top">
				2147	Linearly distort an image using the given Affine Matrix of 6
				2148	pre-calculated coefficients forming a set of Affine Equations to map
				2149	the source image to the destination image.
				2150
				2151	<div style="text-align: center"><em>
				2152	s<sub>x</sub>, r<sub>x</sub>,
				2153	r<sub>y</sub>, s<sub>y</sub>,
				2154	t<sub>x</sub>, t<sub>y</sub>
				2155	</em></div>
				2156
				2157	See <a href="#affine" >-affine</a> setting for more detail, and
				2158	meanings of these coefficients. <br/>
				2159
				2160	The distortions '<kbd>Affine</kbd>' and '<kbd>SRT</kbd>' provide
				2161	alternative methods of defining this distortion, with ImageMagick doing the
				2162	calculations needed to generate the required coefficients. You can see
				2163	the internally generated coefficients, by using a <a href="#verbose"
				2164	>-verbose</a> setting. </td>
				2165
				2166	</tr>
				2167
				2168	<!-- still under development, do not display - Anthony
				2169	<tr valign="top">
				2170	<td valign="top"><kbd>Bilinear</kbd></td>
				2171	<td valign="top">
				2172	Bilinear (reversed) Distortion, given a minimum of 4 sets of
				2173	coordinate pairs, or 16 values (see below). Not that lines may not
				2174	appear straight after distortion, though the distance between
				2175	coordinates will remain consistant. </td>
				2176	</tr>
				2177	-->
				2178
				2179	<tr valign="top">
				2180	<td valign="top"><kbd>Perspective</kbd></td>
				2181	<td valign="top">
				2182	Perspective distort the images, using a list of 4 or more sets of
				2183	control points (as defined below). More that 4 sets (16 numbers) of
				2184	control points provide least squares fitting for more accurate
				2185	distortions (for the purposes of image registration and panarama
				2186	effects). Less than 4 sets will fall back to a '<kbd>Affine</kbd>'
				2187	linear distortion. <br/>
				2188
				2189	Perspective Distorted images ensures that straight lines remain
				2190	straight, but the scale of the distorted image will vary. The horizon
				2191	is anti-aliased, and the 'sky' color may be set using the
				2192	<a href="#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a> setting. </td>
				2193	</tr>
				2194
				2195	<tr valign="top">
				2196	<td valign="top"><kbd>PerspectiveProjection</kbd>  </td>
				2197	<td valign="top">
				2198	Do a '<kbd>Perspective</kbd>' distortion basied on a set of 8
				2199	pre-calculated coefficients. You can get these coefficients by looking
				2200	at the <a href="#verbose" >-verbose</a> output of a
				2201	'<kbd>Prespective</kbd>' distortion, or by calculating them yourself.
				2202	If the last two perspective scaling coefficients are zero, the
				2203	remaining 6 represents a transposed 'Affine Matrix'. </td>
				2204
				2205	</tr>
				2206
				2207	<tr valign="top">
				2208	<td valign="top"><kbd>Arc</kbd></td>
				2209	<td valign="top">
				2210	Arc the image (variation of polar mapping) over the angle given around
				2211	a circle. <br/>
				2212	<table width="90%" style = "margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
				2213	<tr valign="top"><td>Argument</td>
				2214	<td>Meaning</td></tr>
				2215	<tr valign="top"><td><em>arc_angle</em></td>
				2216	<td>The angle over which to arc the image side-to-side</td></tr>
				2217	<tr valign="top"><td><em>rotate_angle</em></td>
				2218	<td>Angle to rotate resulting image from vertical center</td></tr>
				2219	<tr valign="top"><td><em>top_radius</em></td>
				2220	<td>Set top edge of source image at this radius</td></tr>
				2221	<tr valign="top"><td><em>bottom_radius</em> </td>
				2222	<td>Set bottom edge to this radius (radial scaling)</td></tr>
				2223	</table>
				2224
				2225	The resulting image is always resized to best fit the resulting image,
				2226	(as if using <a href="#distort" >+distort</a>) while attempting to
				2227	preserve scale and aspect ratio of the original image as much as
				2228	possible with the arguments given by the user. All four arguments will
				2229	be needed to change the overall aspect ratio of an 'Arc'ed image. <br/>
				2230
				2231	This a variation of a polar distortion designed to try to preserve the
				2232	aspect ratio of the image rather than direct Cartesian to Polar
				2233	conversion. </td>
				2234	</tr>
				2235
				2236	<tr valign="top">
				2237	<td valign="top"><kbd>Polar</kbd></td>
				2238	<td valign="top">
				2239	Like '<kbd>Arc</kbd>' but do a complete Cartesian to Polar mapping of
				2240	the image. that is the height of the input image is mapped to the
				2241	radius limits, while the width is wrapped around between the
				2242	angle limits. <br/>
				2243
				2244	Arguments: <em>Rmax,Rmin CenterX,CenterY, start,end_angle</em> <br/>
				2245
				2246	All arguments are optional. With <em>Rmin</em> defaulting to zero, the
				2247	center to the center of the image, and the angles going from -180 (top)
				2248	to +180 (top). If <em>Rmax</em> is given the special value of
				2249	'<code>0</code>', the the distance from the center to the nearest edge
				2250	is used for the radius of the output image, which will ensure the whole
				2251	image is visible (though scaled smaller). However a special value of
				2252	'<code>-1</code>' will use the distance from the center to the furthest
				2253	corner, This may 'clip' the corners from the input rectangular image,
				2254	but will generate the exact reverse of a '<kbd>DePolar</kbd>' with
				2255	the same arguments. <br/>
				2256
				2257	If the plus form of distort (<a href="#distort" >+distort</a>) is used
				2258	output image center will default to <code>0,0</code> of the virtual
				2259	canvas, and the image size adjusted to ensure the whole input image is
				2260	made visible in the output image on the virtual canvas. </td>
				2261
				2262	</tr>
				2263
				2264	<tr valign="top">
				2265	<td valign="top"><kbd>DePolar</kbd></td>
				2266	<td valign="top">
				2267	Uses the same arguments and meanings as a '<kbd>Polar</kbd>' distortion
				2268	but generates the reverse Polar to Cartesian distortion. <br/>
				2269
				2270	The special <em>Rmax</em> setting of '<code>0</code>' may however clip
				2271	the corners of the input image. However using the special
				2272	<em>Rmax</em> setting of '<code>-1</code>' (maximum center to corner
				2273	distance) will ensure the whole distorted image is preserved in the
				2274	generated result, so that the same argument to '<kbd>Polar</kbd>' will
				2275	reverse the distortion re-producing the original.
				2276
				2277	Note that as this distortion requires the area resampling of a circular
				2278	arc, which can not be handled by the builtin EWA resampling function.
				2279	As such the normal EWA filters are turned off. It is recomended some
				2280	form of 'super-sampling' image processing technique be used to produce
				2281	a high quality result. </td>
				2282
				2283	</tr>
				2284
				2285	<tr valign="top">
				2286	<td valign="top"><kbd>Barrel</kbd></td>
				2287	<td valign="top">
				2288	Given the four coefficients (A,B,C,D) as defined by <a
				2289	href="http://www.all-in-one.ee/~dersch/barrel/barrel.html" >Helmut
				2290	Dersch</a>, perform a barrell or pincussion distortion appropriate to
				2291	correct radial lens distortions. That is in photographs, make straight
				2292	lines straight again. <br/>
				2293
				2294	Arguments: <em>A   B   C</em>   [ <em>D</em>   [
				2295	<em>X</em> , <em>Y</em> ] ] <br/>
				2296	or <em>A<sub>x</sub> B<sub>x</sub> C<sub>x</sub> D<sub>x</sub>
				2297	A<sub>y</sub> B<sub>y</sub> C<sub>y</sub> D<sub>y</sub></em>
				2298	[ <em>X</em> , <em>Y</em> ] <br/>
				2299	So that it forms the function <br/>
				2300	Rsrc = r * ( <em>A</em>r<sup>3</sup> + <em>B</em>r<sup>2</sup> +
				2301	<em>C</em>*r + <em>D</em> )<br/>
				2302
				2303	Where <em>X</em>,<em>Y</em> is the optional center of the distortion
				2304	(defaulting to the center of the image). <br/>
				2305	The second form is typically used to distort images, rather than
				2306	correct lens distortions. <br/>
				2307	</td>
				2308
				2309	</tr>
				2310
				2311	<tr valign="top">
				2312	<td valign="top"><kbd>BarrelInverse</kbd></td>
				2313	<td valign="top">
				2314	This is very simular to '<kbd>Barrel</kbd>' with the same set of
				2315	arguments, and argument handling. However it uses the inverse
				2316	of the radial polynomial,
				2317	so that it forms the function <br/>
				2318	Rsrc = r / ( <em>A</em>r<sup>3</sup> + <em>B</em>r<sup>2</sup> +
				2319	<em>C</em>*r + <em>D</em> )
				2320	</td>
				2321	</tr>
				2322
				2323	<tr valign="top">
				2324	<td valign="top"><kbd>Shepards</kbd></td>
				2325	<td valign="top">
				2326	Distort the given list control points (any number) using an Inverse
				2327	Squared Distance Interpolation Method (<a
				2328	href="http://www.ems-i.com/smshelp/Data_Module/Interpolation/Inverse_Distance_Weighted.htm"
				2329	>Shepards Method</a>). The control points in effect do 'localized'
				2330	distortions of the image around the given control point. For best
				2331	results extra control points should be added to 'lock' the positions of
				2332	the corners and other unchanging parts of the image. <br/>
				2333
				2334	The distortion has been likened to 'taffy pulling' using nails, pins or
				2335	sticks. It basically uses the <a href="#sparse-color"
				2336	>-sparse-color</a> method of the same name to generate separate X and Y
				2337	displacement maps (see <a href="#displace" >-displace</a>) for source
				2338	image color look-up. </td>
				2339
				2340	</tr>
				2341
				2342	</table>
				2343
				2344	<p>To print a complete list of distortion methods, use <a href="#list">-list distort</a>.</p>
				2345
				2346	<p>Many of the above distortion methods such as '<kbd>Affine</kbd>',
				2347	'<kbd>Perspective</kbd>', and '<kbd>Shepards</kbd>' use a list control points
				2348	defining how these points in the given image should be distorted in the
				2349	destination image. Each set of four floating point values represent a source
				2350	image coordinate, followed immediately by the destination image coordinate.
				2351	This produces a list of values such as...</p>
				2352	<div style="text-align: center"><em>
				2353	U<sub>1</sub>,V<sub>1</sub> X<sub>1</sub>,Y<sub>1</sub>
				2354	U<sub>2</sub>,V<sub>2</sub> X<sub>2</sub>,Y<sub>2</sub>
				2355	U<sub>3</sub>,V<sub>3</sub> X<sub>3</sub>,Y<sub>3</sub>
				2356	...
				2357	U<sub>n</sub>,V<sub>n</sub> X<sub>n</sub>,Y<sub>n</sub>
				2358	</em></div>
				2359	<p>where <em>U,V</em> on the source image is mapped to <em>X,Y</em> on the
				2360	destination image. </p>
				2361
				2362	<p>For example, to warp an image using '<kbd>perspective</kbd>' distortion,
				2363	needs a list of at least 4 sets of coordinates, or 16 numbers. Here is the
				2364	perspective distortion of the built-in "rose:" image. Note how spaces were
				2365	used to group the 4 sets of coordinate pairs, to make it easier to read and
				2366	understand.</p>
				2367
				2368	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>
				2369	convert rose: -virtual-pixel black \ <br/>
				2370	-distort Perspective '0,0,0,0 0,45,0,45 69,0,60,10 69,45,60,35' \ <br/>
				2371	rose_3d_rotated.gif</span></p>
				2372	<p>If more that the required number of coordinate pairs are given for a
				2373	distortion, the distortion method is 'least squares' fitted to
				2374	produce the best result for all the coordinate pairs given. If less than the
				2375	ideal number of points are given, the distort will generally fall back to a
				2376	simpler form of distortion that can handles the smaller number of coordinates
				2377	(usally a linear '<kbd>Affine</kbd>' distortion). </p>
				2378
				2379	<p>By using more coodinates you can make use of image registration tool to
				2380	find matching coordinate pairs in overlaping images, so as to improve the 'fit'
				2381	of the distortion. Of course a bad coordinate pair can also make the 'fit'
				2382	worse. Caution is always advised. </p>
				2383
				2384	<p>Colors are acquired from the source image according to the <a
				2385	href="#interpolate" >-interpolate</a> color lookup setting, when the image is
				2386	magnified. However if the viewed image is minified (image becomes smaller), a
				2387	special area resampling function (added ImageMagick v6.3.5-9), is used to
				2388	produce a higher quality image. For example you can use a
				2389	'<kbd>perspective</kbd>' distortion to view a infinitely tiled 'plane' all the
				2390	way to the horizon. </p>
				2391
				2392	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 90x90 pattern:checkerboard -normalize -virtual-pixel tile \ <br/>
				2393	-distort perspective '0,0,5,45 89,0,45,46 0,89,0,89 89,89,89,89' \ <br/>
				2394	checks_tiled.jpg</span></p>
				2395	<p>Note that a infinitely tiled perspective images involving the horizon can
				2396	be very slow to generate due to the use of the high quality 'area resampling'
				2397	function (added ImageMagick v6.3.5-9). You can turn off 'area resampling'
				2398	using a <a href="#filter" >-filter</a> setting of '<kbd>point</kbd>'
				2399	(recommended if you plan to use super-sampling instead). </p>
				2400
				2401	<p>If an image generates <i>invalid pixels</i>, such as the 'sky' in the last
				2402	'<kbd>perspective</kbd>' distortion example, <a href="#distort" >-distort</a>
				2403	will use the current <a href="#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a> setting for these
				2404	pixels. If you do not what these pixels to be visible, set the color to match
				2405	the rest of the ground. </p>
				2406
				2407	<p>The output image size will by default be the same as the input image. This
				2408	means that if the part of the distorted image falls outside the viewed area of
				2409	the 'distorted space', those parts is clipped and lost. However if you
				2410	use the plus form of the operator (<a href="#distort" >+distort</a>) the
				2411	operator will attempt (if posible) to show the whole of the distorted image,
				2412	while retaining a correct 'virtual canvas' offset, for image layering. This
				2413	offset may need to be removed using <a href="#repage" >+repage</a>, to remove
				2414	if it is unwanted. </p>
				2415
				2416	<p>You can alternatively specify a special "<kbd><a href="#set" >-set</a>
				2417	option:distort:viewport {geometry_string}</kbd>" setting which will specify
				2418	the size and the offset of the generated 'viewport' image of the distorted
				2419	image space.</p>
				2420
				2421	<p>Adding a "<kbd><a href="#set" >-set</a> option:distort:scale
				2422	{scale_factor}</kbd>" will scale the output image (viewport or otherwise) by
				2423	that factor without changing the viewed contents of the distorted image. This
				2424	can be used either for 'super-sampling' the image for a higher quality result,
				2425	or for panning and zooming around the image (with appropriate viewport
				2426	changes, or post-distort cropping and resizing). </p>
				2427
				2428	<p>Setting <a href="#verbose" >-verbose</a> setting, will cause <a
				2429	href="#distort" >-distort</a> to attempt to output the internal coefficients,
				2430	and the <a href="#fx" >-fx</a> equivalent to the distortion, for expert study,
				2431	and debugging purposes. This many not be available for all distorts. </p>
				2432
				2433	<p>Affine rotations and shears (such as '<kbd>SRT</kbd>' distortion), tend to
				2434	produce a cleaner result that the equivalent <a href="#rotate" >-rotate</a>
				2435	and/or <a href="#shear" >-shear</a> operation, with more control of due to the
				2436	above settings. It is algorithmically slower, though in ImageMagick it may be faster.
				2437	</p>
				2438
				2439
				2440	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2441	<h4><a name="dither" id="dither"></a>-dither <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
				2442	</div>
				2443
				2444	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a Riemersma or Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion dither to images when general color reduction is applied via an option, or automagically when saving to specific formats. This enabled by default. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2445
				2446	<p>Dithering places two or more colors in neighbouring pixels so that to the eye a closer approximation of the images original color is reproduced. This reduces the number of colors needed to reproduce the image but at the cost of a lower level pattern of colors. Error diffusion dithers can use any set of colors (generated or user defined) to an image. </p>
				2447
				2448	<p>Dithering is turned on by default, to turn it off use the plus form of the
				2449	setting, <a href="#dither">+dither</a>. This will also also render PostScript
				2450	without text or graphic aliasing. Disabling dithering often (but not always)
				2451	leads to faster process, a smaller number of colors, but more cartoon like
				2452	image coloring. Generally resulting in 'color banding' effects in areas with
				2453	color gradients. </p>
				2454
				2455	<p>The color reduction operators <a href="#colors">-colors</a>, <a
				2456	href="#monochrome">-monochrome</a>, <a href="#remap ">-remap</a>, and <a href="#posterize">-posterize</a>, apply dithering to images using the reduced color set they created. These operators are also used as part of automatic color reduction when saving images to formats with limited color support, such as <kbd>GIF:</kbd>, <kbd>XBM:</kbd>, and others, so dithering may also be used in these cases. </p>
				2457
				2458	<p>Alternatively you can use <a href="#random-threshold">-random-threshold</a> to generate purely random dither. Or use <a href="#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a> to apply threshold mapped dither patterns, using uniform color maps, rather than specific color maps. </p>
				2459
				2460
				2461	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2462	<h4><a name="draw" id="draw"></a>-draw <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
				2463	</div>
				2464
				2465	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Annotate an image with one or more graphic primitives.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2466
				2467	<p>Use this option to annotate or decorate an image with one or more graphic primitives. The primitives include shapes, text, transformations, and pixel operations.</p>
				2468
				2469	<p>The shape primitives:</p>
				2470
				2471	<pre class="text">
				2472	point x,y
				2473	line x0,y0 x1,y1
				2474	rectangle x0,y0 x1,y1
				2475	roundRectangle x0,y0 x1,y1 wc,hc
				2476	arc x0,y0 x1,y1 a0,a1
				2477	ellipse x0,y0 rx,ry a0,a1
				2478	circle x0,y0 x1,y1
				2479	polyline x0,y0 ... xn,yn
				2480	polygon x0,y0 ... xn,yn
				2481	bezier x0,y0 ... xn,yn
				2482	path path specification
				2483	image operator x0,y0 w,h filename
				2484	</pre>
				2485
				2486	<p>The text primitive:</p>
				2487
				2488	<pre class="text">
				2489	text x0,y0 string
				2490	</pre>
				2491	<p>The text gravity primitive:</p>
				2492
				2493	<pre class="text">
				2494	gravity NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center,
				2495	East, SouthWest, South, or SouthEast
				2496	</pre>
				2497
				2498	<p>The text gravity primitive only affects the placement of text and does not interact with the other primitives. It is equivalent to using the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> command-line option, except that it is limited in scope to the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option in which it appears.</p>
				2499
				2500	<p>The transformation primitives:</p>
				2501
				2502	<pre class="text">
				2503	rotate degrees
				2504	translate dx,dy
				2505	scale sx,sy
				2506	skewX degrees
				2507	skewY degrees
				2508	</pre>
				2509
				2510	<p>The pixel operation primitives:</p>
				2511
				2512	<pre class="text">
				2513	color x0,y0 method
				2514	matte x0,y0 method
				2515	</pre>
				2516
				2517	<p>The shape primitives are drawn in the color specified by the preceding <a href="#fill">-fill</a> setting. For unfilled shapes, use <a href="#fill">-fill none</a>. You can optionally control the stroke (the "outline" of a shape) with the <a href="#stroke">-stroke</a> and <a href="#strokewidth">-strokewidth</a> settings.</p>
				2518
				2519	<p>A <kbd>point</kbd> primitive is specified by a single <em>point</em> in the pixel plane, that is, by an ordered pair of integer coordinates, <em>x</em>,<em>y</em>. (As it involves only a single pixel, a <kbd>point</kbd> primitive is not affected by <a href="#stroke">-stroke</a> or <a href="#strokewidth">-strokewidth</a>.)</p>
				2520
				2521	<p>A <kbd>line</kbd> primitive requires a start point and end point.</p>
				2522
				2523	<p>A <kbd>rectangle</kbd> primitive is specified by the pair of points at the upper left and lower right corners.</p>
				2524
				2525	<p>A <kbd>roundRectangle</kbd> primitive takes the same corner points as a <kbd>rectangle</kbd> followed by the width and height of the rounded corners to be removed.</p>
				2526
				2527	<p>The <kbd>circle</kbd> primitive makes a disk (filled) or circle (unfilled). Give the center and any point on the perimeter (boundary).</p>
				2528
				2529	<p>The <kbd>arc</kbd> primitive is used to inscribe an elliptical segment in to a given rectangle. An <kbd>arc</kbd> requires the two corners used for <kbd>rectangle</kbd> (see above) followed by the start and end angles of the arc of the segment segment (e.g. 130,30 200,100 45,90). The start and end points produced are then joined with a line segment and the resulting segment of an ellipse is filled.</p>
				2530
				2531	<p>Use <kbd>ellipse</kbd> to draw a partial (or whole) ellipse. Give the center point, the horizontal and vertical "radii" (the <em>semi-axes</em> of the ellipse) and start and end angles in degrees (e.g. 100,100 100,150 0,360).</p>
				2532
				2533	<p>The <kbd>polyline</kbd> and <kbd>polygon</kbd> primitives require three or more points to define their perimeters. A <kbd>polyline</kbd> is simply a <kbd>polygon</kbd> in which the final point is not stroked to the start point. When unfilled, this is a <em>polygonal line</em>. If the <a href="#stroke">-stroke</a> setting is <kbd>none</kbd> (the default), then a <kbd>polyline</kbd> is identical to a <kbd>polygon</kbd>.
				2534	</p>
				2535
				2536	<p>A <em>coordinate</em> is a pair of integers separated by a space or optional comma. </p>
				2537
				2538	<p>As an example, to define a circle centered at 100,100 that extends to 150,150 use:</p>
				2539
				2540	<p class="crtsnip">
				2541	-draw 'circle 100,100 150,150'
				2542	</p>
				2543
				2544	<p>The <kbd>Bezier</kbd> primitive creates a spline curve and requires three or points to define its shape. The first and last points are the <em>knots</em> and these points are attained by the curve, while any intermediate coordinates are <em>control points</em>. If two control points are specified, the line between each end knot and its sequentially respective control point determines the tangent direction of the curve at that end. If one control point is specified, the lines from the end knots to the one control point determines the tangent directions of the curve at each end. If more than two control points are specified, then the additional control points act in combination to determine the intermediate shape of the curve. In order to
				2545	draw complex curves, it is highly recommended either to use the <kbd>path</kbd> primitive or to draw multiple four-point bezier segments with the start and end knots of each successive segment repeated. For example:</p>
				2546
				2547	<p class="crtsnip">
				2548	-draw 'bezier 20,50 45,100 45,0 70,50'
				2549	</p>
				2550	<p class="crtsnip">
				2551	-draw 'bezier 70,50 95,100 95,0 120,50'
				2552	</p>
				2553
				2554
				2555	<p>A <kbd>path</kbd> represents an outline of an object, defined in terms of moveto (set a new current point), lineto (draw a straight line), curveto (draw a Bezier curve), arc (elliptical or circular arc) and closepath (close the current shape by drawing a line to the last moveto) elements. Compound paths (i.e., a path with subpaths, each consisting of a single moveto followed by one or more line or curve operations) are possible to allow effects such as <em>donut holes</em> in objects. (See <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/paths.html">Paths</a>.)</p>
				2556
				2557	<p>Use <kbd>image</kbd> to composite an image with another image. Follow the image keyword with the composite operator, image location, image size, and filename:</p>
				2558
				2559	<p class="crtsnip">
				2560	-draw 'image SrcOver 100,100 225,225 image.jpg'
				2561	</p>
				2562
				2563	<p>You can use 0,0 for the image size, which means to use the actual dimensions found in the image header. Otherwise, it is scaled to the given dimensions. See <a href="#compose">-compose</a> for a description of the composite operators.</p>
				2564
				2565	<p>Use <kbd>text</kbd> to annotate an image with text. Follow the text coordinates with a string. If the string has embedded spaces, enclose it in single or double quotes.</p>
				2566
				2567	<p>For example, the following annotates the image with <kbd>Works like magick!</kbd> for an image titled <kbd>bird.miff</kbd>. </p>
				2568
				2569	<p class="crtsnip">
				2570	-draw 'text 100,100 "Works like magick!"'
				2571	</p>
				2572
				2573	<p>See the <a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> option for another convenient way to annotate an image with text.</p>
				2574
				2575	<p>The <kbd>rotate</kbd> primitive rotates subsequent shape primitives and text primitives about the origin of the main image. If the <a href="#region">-region</a> option precedes the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option, the origin for transformations is the upper left corner of the region.</p>
				2576
				2577	<p>The <kbd>translate</kbd> primitive translates subsequent shape and text primitives.</p>
				2578
				2579	<p>The <kbd>scale</kbd> primitive scales them.</p>
				2580
				2581	<p>The <kbd>skewX</kbd> and <kbd>skewY</kbd> primitives skew them with respect to the origin of the main image or the region.</p>
				2582
				2583	<p>The transformations modify the current affine matrix, which is initialized from the initial affine matrix defined by the <a href="#affine">-affine</a> option. Transformations are cumulative within the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option. The initial affine matrix is not affected; that matrix is only changed by the appearance of another <a href="#affine">-affine</a> option. If another <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option appears, the current affine matrix is reinitialized from the initial affine
				2584	matrix.</p>
				2585
				2586	<p>Use the <kbd>color</kbd> primitive to change the color of a pixel to the fill color (see <a href="#fill">-fill</a>). Follow the pixel coordinate with a method:</p>
				2587
				2588	<pre class="text">
				2589	point
				2590	replace
				2591	floodfill
				2592	filltoborder
				2593	reset
				2594	</pre>
				2595
				2596	<p>Consider the target pixel as that specified by your coordinate. The <kbd>point</kbd> method recolors the target pixel. The <kbd>replace</kbd> method recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel. <kbd>Floodfill</kbd> recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel and is a neighbor, whereas <kbd>filltoborder</kbd> recolors any neighbor pixel that is not the border color. Finally, <kbd>reset</kbd> recolors all pixels.</p>
				2597
				2598	<p>Use <kbd>matte</kbd> to the change the pixel matte value to transparent. Follow the pixel coordinate with a method (see the <kbd>color</kbd> primitive for a description of methods). The <kbd>point</kbd> method changes the matte value of the target pixel. The <kbd>replace</kbd> method changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel. <kbd>Floodfill</kbd> changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel and is a neighbor, whereas <kbd>filltoborder</kbd> changes the matte value of any neighbor pixel that is not the border color (<a href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a>). Finally <kbd>reset</kbd> changes the matte value of all pixels.</p>
				2599
				2600	<p>You can set the primitive color, font, and font bounding box color with <a href="#fill">-fill</a>, <a href="#font">-font</a>, and <a href="#box">-box</a> respectively. Options are processed in command line order so be sure to use these options <em>before</em> the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option.</p>
				2601
				2602	<p>Strings that begin with a number must be quoted (e.g. use '1.png' rather than 1.png).</p>
				2603
				2604	<p>Drawing primitives conform to the <a href="../www/magick-vector-graphics.html">Magick Vector Graphics</a> format.</p>
				2605
				2606
				2607	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2608	<h4><a name="edge" id="edge"></a>-edge <em class="arg">radius</em></h4>
				2609	</div>
				2610
				2611	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>detect edges within an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2612
				2613	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2614	<h4><a name="emboss" id="emboss"></a>-emboss <em class="arg">radius</em></h4>
				2615	</div>
				2616
				2617	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>emboss an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2618
				2619	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2620	<h4><a name="encipher" id="encipher"></a>-encipher <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
				2621	</div>
				2622
				2623	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Encipher pixels for later deciphering by <a href="#decipher">-decipher</a>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2624
				2625	<p>Get the passphrase from the file specified by <em class="arg">filename</em>.</p>
				2626
				2627	<p>For more information, see the webpage, <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/www/cipher.html">ImageMagick: Encipher or Decipher an Image</a>.</p>
				2628
				2629	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2630	<h4><a name="encoding" id="encoding"></a>-encoding <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				2631	</div>
				2632
				2633	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the text encoding.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2634
				2635	<p>Choose from <kbd>AdobeCustom</kbd>, <kbd>AdobeExpert</kbd>, <kbd>AdobeStandard</kbd>, <kbd>AppleRoman</kbd>, <kbd>BIG5</kbd>, <kbd>GB2312</kbd>, <kbd>Latin 2</kbd>, <kbd>None</kbd>, <kbd>SJIScode</kbd>, <kbd>Symbol</kbd>, <kbd>Unicode</kbd>, <kbd>Wansung</kbd>.</p>
				2636
				2637	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2638	<h4><a name="endian" id="endian"></a>-endian <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				2639	</div>
				2640
				2641	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify endianness (<kbd>MSB</kbd> or <kbd>LSB</kbd>) of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2642
				2643	<p>To print a complete list of endian types, use the <a href="#list">-list endian</a> option.</p>
				2644
				2645	<p>Use <a href="#endian">+endian</a> to revert to unspecified endianness.</p>
				2646
				2647
				2648	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2649	<h4><a name="enhance" id="enhance"></a>-enhance</h4>
				2650	</div>
				2651
				2652	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a digital filter to enhance a noisy image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2653
				2654
				2655	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2656	<h4><a name="equalize" id="equalize"></a>-equalize</h4>
				2657	</div>
				2658
				2659	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>perform histogram equalization on the image channel-by-channel.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2660
				2661	<p>To perform histogram equalization on all channels in concert, transform the image into some other color space, such as HSL, OHTA, YIQ or YUV, then equalize the appropriate intensity-like channel, then convert back to RGB.</p>
				2662
				2663	<p>For example using HSL, we have: ... <kbd>-colorspace HSL -channel lightness -equalize -colorspace RGB</kbd> ...</p>
				2664
				2665	<p>For YIQ, YUV and OHTA use the red channel. For example, OHTA is a principal components transformation that puts most of the information in the first channel. Here we have ... <kbd>-colorspace OHTA -channel red -equalize -colorspace RGB</kbd> ...</p>
				2666
				2667	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2668	<h4><a name="evaluate" id="evaluate"></a>-evaluate <em class="arg">operator value</em></h4>
				2669	</div>
				2670
				2671	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Alter channel pixels by evaluating an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2672
				2673	<p>(See the <a href="#function" >-function</a> operator for some multi-parameter functions. See the <a href="#fx" >-fx</a> operator if more elaborate calculations are needed.)</p>
				2674
				2675	<p>The behaviors of each <em class="arg">operator</em> are summarized in the following list. For brevity, the numerical value of a "pixel" referred to below is the value of the corresponding channel of that pixel, while a "normalized pixel" is that number divided by the maximum (installation-dependent) value <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>. (If normalized pixels are used, they are restored, following the other calculations, to the full range by multiplying by <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.)</p>
				2676
				2677	<table class="doc">
				2678	<col width="25%" />
				2679	<col width="75%" />
				2680	<thead>
				2681	<tr>
				2682	<th><em class="arg">operator</em></th>
				2683	<th>Summary (see further below for details)</th>
				2684	</tr>
				2685	</thead>
				2686	<tbody>
				2687
				2688	<tr><td>Add </td> <td>Add <em class="arg">value</em> to pixels. </td></tr>
				2689	<tr><td>AddModulus </td> <td>Add <em class="arg">value</em> to pixels modulo <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.</td></tr>
				2690	<tr><td>And </td> <td>Binary AND of pixels with <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2691	<tr><td>Cos, Cosine </td> <td>Apply cosine to pixels with frequency <em class="arg">value</em> with 50% bias added.</td></tr>
				2692	<tr><td>Divide </td> <td>Divide pixels by <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2693	<tr><td>LeftShift </td> <td>Shift the pixel values left by <em class="arg">value</em> bits (i.e., multiply pixels by 2<sup><em class="arg">value</em></sup>).</td></tr>
				2694	<tr><td>Log </td> <td>Apply scaled logarithm to normalized pixels.</td></tr>
				2695	<tr><td>Max </td> <td>Clip pixels at lower bound <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
cristy	63fed27	2010-03-07 19:08:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2696	<tr><td>Mean </td> <td>Add the <em class="arg">value</em> and divide by 2.</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2697	<tr><td>Min </td> <td>Clip pixels at upper bound <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2698	<tr><td>Multiply </td> <td>Multiply pixels by <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2699	<tr><td>Or </td> <td>Binary OR of pixels with <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2700	<tr><td>Pow </td> <td>Raise normalized pixels to the power <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2701	<tr><td>RightShift </td> <td>Shift the pixel values right by <em class="arg">value</em> bits (i.e., divide pixels by 2<sup><em class="arg">value</em></sup>).</td></tr>
				2702	<tr><td>Set </td> <td>Set pixel equal to <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2703	<tr><td>Sin, Sine </td> <td>Apply sine to pixels with frequency <em class="arg">value</em> with 50% bias added.</td></tr>
				2704	<tr><td>Subtract </td> <td>Subtract <em class="arg">value</em> from pixels.</td></tr>
				2705	<tr><td>Xor </td> <td>Binary XOR of pixels with <em class="arg">value.</em></td></tr>
				2706
				2707	<tr><td> </td></tr>
				2708
				2709	<tr><td>Gaussian-noise</td></tr>
				2710	<tr><td>Impulse-noise</td></tr>
				2711	<tr><td>Laplacian-noise</td></tr>
				2712	<tr><td>Multiplicative-noise</td> <td>(These are equivalent to the corresponding <a href="#noise" >-noise</a> operators.)</td></tr>
				2713	<tr><td>PoissonNoise</td></tr>
				2714	<tr><td>Uniform-noise</td></tr>
				2715
				2716	<tr><td> </td></tr>
				2717
				2718	<tr><td>Threshold </td> <td>Threshold pixels larger than <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2719	<tr><td>ThresholdBlack </td> <td>Threshold pixels to zero values equal to or below <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2720	<tr><td>ThresholdWhite </td> <td>Threshold pixels to maximum values above <em class="arg">value</em>. </td></tr>
				2721	</tbody>
				2722	</table>
				2723
				2724	<p>The specified functions are applied only to each previously set <a
				2725	href="#channel" >-channel</a> in the image. If necessary, the results of the
				2726	calculations are truncated (clipped) to fit in the interval [0, <em
				2727	class="QR">QuantumRange</em>]. The transparency channel of the image is
				2728	represented as a 'alpha' values (0 = fully transparent), so, for example, a
				2729	<kbd>Divide</kbd> by 2 of the alpha channel will make the image
				2730	semi-transparent. Append the percent symbol '<kbd>%</kbd>' to specify a value
				2731	as a percentage of the <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.</p>
				2732
				2733	<p>To print a complete list of <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operators, use
				2734	<a href="#list">-list evaluate</a>.</p>
				2735
				2736	<p>The results of the <kbd>Add</kbd>, <kbd>Subtract</kbd> and
				2737	<kbd>Multiply</kbd> methods can also be achieved using either the <a
				2738	href="#level" >-level</a> or the <a href="#level" >+level</a> operator, with
				2739	appropriate argument, to linearly modify the overall range of color values.
				2740	Please note, however, that <a href="#level" >-level</a> treats transparency as
				2741	'matte' values (0 = opaque), while <a href="#level" >-evaluate</a> works with
				2742	'alpha' values.</p>
				2743
				2744	<p><kbd>AddModulus</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.8-4 and provides addition modulo the <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>. It is therefore equivalent to <kbd>Add</kbd> unless the resulting pixel value is outside the interval [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>]. </p>
				2745
				2746	<p><kbd>Log</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.2-1 and works on normalized pixel values. This a <em>scaled</em> log function. The <em class="arg">value</em> used with <kbd>Log</kbd> provides a <em>scaling factor</em> that adjusts the curvature in the graph of the log function. The formula applied to a normalized value <b><em>u</em></b> is below. </p>
				2747
				2748	<div style="text-align:center;">
				2749	log(<em class="arg">value</em> × <b><em>u</em></b> + 1) / log(<em class="arg">value</em> + 1)
				2750	</div>
				2751
				2752	<p><kbd>Pow</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.1-9, and works on
				2753	normalized pixel values. Note that <kbd>Pow</kbd> is related to the <a
				2754	href="#gamma" >-gamma</a> operator. For example, <b>-gamma 2</b> is equivalent
				2755	to <b>-evaluate pow 0.5</b>, i.e., a 'square root' function. The value used
				2756	with <a href="#gamma" >-gamma</a> is simply the reciprocal of the value used
				2757	with <kbd>Pow</kbd>.</p>
				2758
				2759	<p><kbd>Cosine</kbd> and <kbd>Sine</kbd> was added as of IM v6.4.8-8 and
				2760	converts the image values into a value according to a (co)sine wave function.
				2761	The synonyms <kbd>Cos</kbd> and <kbd>Sin</kbd> may also be used. The output
				2762	is biased 50% and normalized by 50% so as to fit in the respective color value
				2763	range. The <em class="arg">value</em> scaling of the <em>period</em> of the
				2764	function (its frequency), and thus determines the number of 'waves' that will
				2765	be generated over the input color range. For example, if the <em
				2766	class="arg">value</em> is 1, the effective period is simply the <em
				2767	class="QR">QuantumRange</em>; but if the <em class="arg">value</em> is 2,
				2768	then the effective period is the <em>half</em> the <em
				2769	class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.
				2770
				2771	<div style="text-align:center;">
				2772	0.5 + 0.5 × cos(2 π <b><em>u</em></b> × <em class="arg">value</em>).
				2773	</div>
				2774
				2775	See also the <a href="#function" >-function</a> operator, which is a
				2776	multi-value version of evaluate. </P>
				2777
cristy	63fed27	2010-03-07 19:08:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2778	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2779	<h4><a name="evaluate-sequence" id="evaluate-sequence"></a>-evaluate-sequence <em class="arg">operator</em></h4>
				2780	</div>
				2781
				2782	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Alter channel pixels by evaluating an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression over a sequence of images.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2783
				2784	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2785	<h4><a name="extent" id="extent"></a>-extent <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				2786	</div>
				2787
				2788	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the image size and offset.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2789
cristy	3e2860c	2010-01-24 01:36:30 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2790	<p>If the image is enlarged, unfilled areas are set to the background color. To position the image, use offsets in the <em class="arg">geometry</em> specification or precede with a <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting. To specify how to compose the image with the background, use <a href="#compose" >-compose</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2791
				2792	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				2793
				2794	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2795	<h4><a name="extract" id="extract"></a>-extract <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				2796	</div>
				2797
				2798	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Extract the specified area from image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2799
				2800	<p>This option is most useful for extracting a subregion of a very large raw image. Note that these two commands are equivalent:</p>
				2801
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2802	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -extract 640x480+1280+960 \ <br/> image.rgb image.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 'image.rgb[640x480+1280+960]' \ <br/> image.rgb image.png</span></p><p>If you omit the offsets, as in</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2803
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2804	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -extract 640x480 \ <br/> image.rgb image.png</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2805	<p>then the image will be <em>resized</em> to the specified dimensions instead,
				2806	equivalent to:</p>
				2807
				2808	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -resize 640x480 image.rgb image.png</span></p>
				2809	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				2810
				2811	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2812	<h4><a name="family" id="family"></a>-family <em class="arg">fontFamily</em></h4>
				2813	</div>
				2814
				2815	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a font family for text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2816
				2817	<p>This setting suggests a font family that ImageMagick should try to use for rendering text. If the family can be found it is used; if not, a default font (e.g., "Arial") or a family known to be similar is substituted (e.g., "Courier" might be used if "System" is requested but not found).
				2818	</p>
				2819
				2820	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, <a href="#style">-style</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>.
				2821	</p>
				2822
				2823	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	7396d88	2010-01-27 02:37:56 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2824	<h4><a name="features" id="features"></a>-features <em class="arg">distance</em></h4>
				2825	</div>
				2826
				2827	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>display features for each channel in the image in each of four directions (horizontal, vertical, left and right diagonals) for the specified distance.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2828
				2829	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2830	<h4><a name="fft" id="fft"></a>-fft</h4>
				2831	</div>
				2832
				2833	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>implements the forward discrete Fourier transform (DFT).</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2834
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	2835	<p>This option is new as of ImageMagick 6.5.4-3 (and now working for Windows users in ImageMagick 6.6.0-9). It transforms an image from the normal (spatial) domain to the frequency domain. In the frequency domain, an image is represented as a superposition of complex sinusoidal waves of varying amplitudes. The image x and y coordinates are the possible frequencies along the x and y directions, respectively, and the pixel intensity values are complex numbers that correspond to the sinusoidal wave amplitudes. See for example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform" target="_blank">Fourier Transform</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFT" target="_blank">Discrete Fourier Transform</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFT" target="_blank">Fast Fourier Transform</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2836
				2837	<p>A single image name is provided as output for this option. However, the output result will have two components. It will be either a two-frame image or two separate images, depending upon whether the image format specified supports multi-frame images. The reason that we get a dual output result is because the frequency domain represents an image using complex numbers, which cannot be visualized directly. Therefore, the complex values are automagically separated into a two-component image representation. The first component is the magnitude of the complex number and the second is the phase of the complex number. See for example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_numbers" target="_blank">Complex Numbers</a>.<p>
				2838
				2839	<p>The magnitude and phase component images must be specified using image formats that do not limit the color or compress the image. Thus, MIFF, TIF, PFM, EXR and PNG are the recommended image formats to use. All of these formats, except PNG support multi-frame images. So for example,</p>
				2840
				2841	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -fft fft_image.miff</span></p>
				2842	<p>generates a magnitude image as <kbd>fft_image.miff[0]</kbd> and a phase image as <kbd>fft_image.miff[1]</kbd>. Similarly,</p>
				2843
				2844	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -fft fft_image.png</span></p>
				2845	<p>generates a magnitude image as <kbd>fft_image-0.png</kbd> and a phase image as <kbd>fft_image-1.png</kbd>. If you prefer this representation, then you can force any of the other formats to produce two output images by including <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> following -fft in the command line.</p>
				2846
				2847	<p>The input image can be any size, but if not square and even-dimensioned, it will be padded automagically to the larger of the width or height of the input image and to an even number of pixels. The padding will occur at the bottom and/or right sides of the input image. The resulting output magnitude and phase images will be square at this size. The kind of padding relies on the <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting.</p>
				2848
				2849	<p>Both output components will have dynamic ranges that fit within [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>], so that HDRI need not be enabled. Phase values nominally range from 0 to 2*π, but for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick, the phase image is scaled to span the full dynamic range. The magnitude image is not scaled and thus generally will contain very small values. As such, the image normally will appear totally black. In order to view any detail, the magnitude image typically is enhanced with a log function into what is usually called the spectrum. A log function is used to enhance the darker values more in comparison to the lighter values. This can be done, for example, as follows:</p>
				2850
				2851	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert fft_image.miff[0] -contrast-stretch 0 \ <br />
				2852	-evaluate log 1000 fft_image_spectrum.png</span></p>
				2853	<p>where the <a href="#contrast-stretch">-contrast-stretch</a> 0 is used to scale the image to full dynamic range, first. The argument to the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> log typically is specified between 100 and 10,000, depending upon the amount of detail that one wants to bring out in the spectrum. Larger values produce more visible detail. Too much detail, however, may hide the important features.</p>
				2854
				2855	<p>The <a href="http://www.fftw.org/" target="_blank">FFTW</a> delegate library is required to use <a href="#fft">-fft</a>.
				2856
				2857	<p>Use <a href="#fft">+fft</a> to produce two output images that are the real and imaginary components of the complex valued Fourier transform.</p>
				2858
				2859	<p>However, as the real and imaginary components can contain negative values, this requires that IM be configured with HDRI enabled. In this case, you must use either MIFF, TIF or PFM formats for the real and imaginary component results, since they are formats that preserve both negative and fractional values without clipping them or truncating the fractional part.</p>
				2860
				2861	<p>The real and imaginary component images resulting from <a href="#fft">+fft</a> also will be square, even dimensioned images due to the same padding that was discussed above for the magnitude and phase component images.</a>
				2862
				2863	<p>See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page
				2864	<a href="/www/high-dynamic-range.html">High Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri">Usage</a> pages or this <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a> entry.
				2865	</p>
				2866
				2867
				2868	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2869	<h4><a name="fill" id="fill"></a>-fill <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				2870	</div>
				2871
				2872	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>color to use when filling a graphic primitive.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2873
				2874	<p>This option accepts a color name, a hex color, or a numerical RGB, RGBA, HSL, HSLA, CMYK, or CMYKA specification. See <a href="../www/color.html">Color Names</a> for a description of how to properly specify the color argument.</p>
				2875
				2876	<p>Enclose the color specification in quotation marks to prevent the "#" or the parentheses from being interpreted by your shell.</p>
				2877
				2878	<p>For example,</p>
				2879
				2880	<p class="crtsnip">
				2881	-fill blue
				2882	</p>
				2883	<p class="crtsnip">
				2884	-fill "#ddddff"
				2885	</p>
				2886	<p class="crtsnip">
				2887	-fill "rgb(255,255,255)"
				2888	</p>
				2889
				2890	<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				2891
				2892	<p>To print a complete list of color names, use the <a href="#list">-list color</a> option.</p>
				2893
				2894	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2895	<h4><a name="filter" id="filter"></a>-filter <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				2896	</div>
				2897
				2898	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Use this <em class="arg">type</em> of filter when resizing an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2899
				2900	<p>Use this option to affect the resizing operation of an image (see <a
				2901	href="#resize">-resize</a>). For example you can use a simple resize filter
				2902	such as:</p>
				2903
				2904	<pre class="text">
				2905	Point Hermite Cubic
				2906	Box Gaussian Catrom
				2907	Triangle Quadratic Mitchell
				2908	</pre>
				2909
				2910	<p>The <kbd>Bessel</kbd> and <kbd>Sinc</kbd> filter is also provided, but are
				2911	by default <kbd>blackman</kbd>-windowed. However these filters define a
				2912	windowing filter for the Sinc or Bessel filter function, as appropriate for
				2913	the scaling operator used (usally Sinc for orthogonal <a href="#resize"
				2914	>-resize</a>). Windowed filters include: </p>
				2915
				2916	<pre class="text">
				2917	Lanczos Hamming Parzen
				2918	Blackman Kaiser Welsh
				2919	Hanning Bartlett Bohman
				2920	</pre>
				2921
				2922	<p>Also one special self-windowing filter is also provided
				2923	<kbd>Lagrange</kbd>, which will automagically re-adjust its function depending
				2924	on the current 'support' or 'lobes' expert settings (see below).</p>
				2925
				2926	<p>If you do not select a filter with this option, the filter defaults to <kbd>Mitchell</kbd> for a colormapped image, a image with a matte channel, or if the image is enlarged. Otherwise the filter default to <kbd>Lanczos</kbd>.</p>
				2927
				2928	<p>To print a complete list of resize filters, use the <a href="#list">-list filter</a> option.</p>
				2929
				2930	<p>You can modify how the filter behaves as it scales your image through the
				2931	use of these expert settings:</p>
				2932
				2933	<dl class="doc">
				2934	<dt>-set filter:blur <em>factor</em></dt>
				2935	<dd>Scale the X axis of the filter (and its window). Use > 1.0 for
				2936	blurry or < 1.0 for sharp.</dd>
				2937
				2938	<dt>-set filter:support <em>radius</em></dt>
				2939	<dd>Set the filter support radius.</dd>
				2940
				2941	<dt>-set filter:lobes <em>count</em></dt>
				2942	<dd>Set the number of lobes to use for the Sinc/Bessel filter. This an
				2943	alternative way of specifying the 'support' range of the filter.</dd>
				2944
				2945	<dt>-set filter:b <em>b-spline_factor</em></dt>
				2946	<dt>-set filter:c <em>keys_alpha_factor</em></dt>
				2947	<dd>Redefine the values used for cubic filters such as <kbd>Cubic</kbd>,
				2948	<kbd>Catrom</kbd>, <kbd>Mitchel</kbd>, and <kbd>Hermite</kbd>, as well as
				2949	the <kbd>Parzen</kbd> Sinc windowing function. If only one of the values
				2950	are defined, the other is set so as to generate a 'Keys' type cubic
				2951	filter.
				2952
				2953	<dt>-set filter:filter <em>filter</em></dt>
				2954	<dd>Use this function directly as the scaling filter. This will allow
				2955	you to directly use a 'windowing filter' such as <kbd>blackman</kbd>,
				2956	rather than as its normal usage as a windowing function for 'Sinc' or
				2957	'Bessel'. If defined, no windowing function is used, unless the following
				2958	expert setting is also defined.</dd>
				2959
				2960	<dt>-set filter:window <em>filter</em></dt>
				2961	<dd>The IIR (infinite impulse response) filters <kbd>bessel</kbd> and
				2962	<kbd>sinc</kbd> are windowed (brought down to zero over the defined
				2963	support range) with the given filter. This allows you to use a filter that
				2964	is not normally used as a windowing function, such as <kbd>box</kbd>,
				2965	(which effectivally turns off the windowing function). </dd>
				2966
				2967	</dl>
				2968
				2969	<p>For example, to get a 8 lobe Lanczos-Bessel filter:</p>
				2970
				2971	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -filter bessel \ <br/>
				2972	-set filter:window=bessel -set filter:lobes=8 \ <br/>
				2973	-resize 150% image.jpg</span></p>
				2974	<p>Or a raw un-windowed Sinc filter with 4 lobes:</p>
				2975
				2976	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -set filter:filter=sinc -set filter:lobes=4 \ <br/>
				2977	-resize 150% image.jpg</span></p>
				2978	<p>Note that the use of expert options (except for 'blur' with simple resize
				2979	filters), are provided for image processing experts who have studied and
				2980	understood how resize filters work. Without this knowledge, and an
				2981	understanding of the defination of the actual filters involved, using expert
				2982	settings are more likely to be detremental to your image resizing.</p>
				2983
				2984
				2985	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2986	<h4><a name="flatten" id="flatten"></a>-flatten</h4>
				2987	</div>
				2988
				2989	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>This is a simple alias for the <a href="#layers" >-layers</a> method "flatten".</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2990
				2991
				2992	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2993	<h4><a name="flip" id="flip"></a>-flip</h4>
				2994	</div>
				2995
				2996	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>create a <em>mirror image</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2997
				2998	<p>reflect the scanlines in the vertical direction.</p>
				2999
				3000	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3001	<h4><a name="floodfill" id="floodfill"></a>-floodfill {<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em> <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				3002	</div>
				3003
				3004	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>floodfill the image with color at the specified offset. Using <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> to floodfill pixels which only change by a small amount.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3005
				3006	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3007	<h4><a name="flop" id="flop"></a>-flop</h4>
				3008	</div>
				3009
				3010	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>create a <em>mirror image</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3011
				3012	<p>reflect the scanlines in the horizontal direction.</p>
				3013
				3014
				3015	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3016	<h4><a name="font" id="font"></a>-font <em class="arg">name</em></h4>
				3017	</div>
				3018
				3019	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the font to use when annotating images with text, or creating labels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3020
				3021	<p>To print a complete list of fonts, use the <a href="#list">-list font</a> option (for versions prior to 6.3.6, use 'type' instead of 'font').</p>
				3022
				3023	<p>In addition to the fonts specified by the above pre-defined list, you can
				3024	also specify a font from a specific source. For example <kbd>Arial.ttf</kbd>
				3025	is a TrueType font file, <kbd>ps:helvetica</kbd> is PostScript font, and
				3026	<kbd>x:fixed</kbd> is X11 font.</p>
				3027
				3028	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, <a href="#style">-style</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
				3029
				3030
				3031	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3032	<h4><a name="foreground" id="foreground"></a>-foreground <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				3033	</div>
				3034
				3035	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Define the foreground color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3036
				3037	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				3038
				3039	<p>The default foreground color is black.</p>
				3040
				3041	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3042	<h4><a name="format" id="format"></a>-format <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				3043	</div>
				3044
				3045	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the image format type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3046
				3047	<p>When used with the <kbd>mogrify</kbd> utility, this option converts any image to the image <a href="/www/formats.html">format</a> you specify. For a list of image format types supported by ImageMagick, use <a href="#list">-list format</a>.</p>
				3048
				3049	<p>By default the file is written to its original name. However, if the filename extension matches a supported format, the extension is replaced with the image format type specified with <a href="#format">-format</a>. For example, if you specify <em class="arg">tiff</em> as the format type and the input image filename is <em class="arg">image.gif</em>, the output image filename becomes <em class="arg">image.tiff</em>.</p>
				3050
				3051	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3052	<h4><a name="format_identify_" id="format_identify_"></a>-format <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
				3053	</div>
				3054
				3055	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>output formatted image characteristics.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/identify.html">identify</a>]</td></tr></table>
				3056
				3057	<p>See <a href="../www/escape.html">Format and Print Image Properties</a> for an explanation on how to specify the argument to this option.</p>
				3058
				3059	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3060	<h4><a name="frame" id="frame"></a>-frame <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				3061	</div>
				3062
				3063	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Surround the image with a border or beveled frame.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3064
				3065	<p>The color of the border is specified with the <a href="#mattecolor">-mattecolor</a> command line option. </p>
				3066
				3067	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument indicates the amount of extra width and height that is added to the dimensions of the image. If no offsets are given in the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument, then the border added is a solid color. Offsets <em>x</em> and <em>y</em>, if present, specify that the width and height of the border is partitioned to form an outer bevel of thickness <em>x</em> pixels and an inner bevel of thickness <em>y</em> pixels. (Negative offsets make no sense here.) The <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option is not affected by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option.</p>
				3068
				3069
				3070	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3071	<h4><a name="frame_import_" id="frame_import_"></a>-frame</h4>
				3072	</div>
				3073
				3074	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>include the X window frame in the imported image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/import.html">import</a>]</td></tr></table>
				3075
				3076	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3077	<h4><a name="function" id="function"></a>-function <em class="arg">function</em> <em class="arg">parameters</em></h4>
				3078	</div>
				3079
				3080	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a function to channel values.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3081
				3082	<p>This operator performs calculations based on the given arguments to modify each of the color values for each previously set <a href="#channel">-channel</a> in the image. See <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> for details concerning how the results of the calculations are handled.</p>
				3083
				3084	<p>This is can be considered a multi-argument version of the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator. (Added in ImageMagick 6.4.8−8.)</p>
				3085
				3086	<p>Here, <em class="arg">parameters</em> is a comma-separated list of numerical values. The number of values varies depending on which <em class="arg">function</em> is selected. Choose the <em class="arg">function</em> from:</p>
				3087
				3088	<pre class="text">
				3089	Polynomial
				3090	Sinusoid
				3091	Arcsin
				3092	Arctan
				3093	</pre>
				3094
				3095	<p>To print a complete list of <a href="#function">-function</a> operators, use <a href="#list">-list function</a>. Descriptions follow.</p>
				3096
				3097	<dl class="doc">
				3098	<dt><kbd>Polynomial</kbd></dt>
				3099	<dd>
				3100	<p>The <kbd>Polynomial</kbd> function takes an arbitrary number of parameters, these being the coefficients of a polynomial, in decreasing order of degree. That is, entering</p>
				3101
				3102	<div style="text-align: center">
				3103	-function Polynomial <em>a</em><sub><em>n</em></sub>,<em>a</em><sub><em>n</em>-1</sub>,...<em>a</em><sub>1</sub>,<em>a</em><sub>0</sub>
				3104	</div>
				3105
				3106	<p>will invoke a polynomial function given by</p>
				3107
				3108	<div style="text-align: center">
				3109	<em>a</em><sub><em>n</em></sub> <b><em>u</em></b><sup><em>n</em></sup> +
				3110	<em>a</em><sub><em>n</em>-1</sub> <b><em>u</em></b><sup><em>n</em>-1</sup> +
				3111	··· <em>a</em><sub>1</sub> <b><em>u</em></b> + <em>a</em><sub>0</sub>,
				3112	</div>
				3113
				3114	<p>where <b><em>u</em></b> is pixel's original normalized channel value.</p>
				3115
				3116	<p>The <kbd>Polynomial</kbd> function can be used in place of <kbd>Set</kbd> (the <em>constant</em> polynomial) and <kbd>Add</kbd>, <kbd>Divide</kbd>, <kbd>Multiply</kbd>, and <kbd>Subtract</kbd> (some <em>linear</em> polynomials) of the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator. The <a href="#level">-level</a> operator also affects channels linearly. Some correspondences follow.</p>
				3117
				3118	<table class="doc">
				3119	<col width="35%" />
				3120	<col width="35%" />
				3121	<col width="30%" />
				3122	<tr>
				3123	<td>-evaluate Set <em class="arg">value</em> </td>
				3124	<td>-function Polynomial <em class="arg">value</em></td>
				3125	<td>(Constant functions; set <em class="arg">value</em>×100% gray when channels are RGB.)</td>
				3126	</tr>
				3127	<tr>
				3128	<td>-evaluate Add <em class="arg">value</em> </td>
				3129	<td>-function Polynomial 1,<em class="arg">value</em></td>
				3130	</tr>
				3131	<tr>
				3132	<td>-evaluate Subtract <em class="arg">value</em> </td>
				3133	<td>-function Polynomial 1,−<em class="arg">value</em></td>
				3134	</tr>
				3135	<tr>
				3136	<td>-evaluate Multiply <em class="arg">value</em> </td>
				3137	<td>-function Polynomial <em class="arg">value</em>,0</td>
				3138	</tr>
				3139	<tr>
				3140	<td>+level black% x white%</td>
				3141	<td>-function Polynomial A,B</td>
				3142	<td>(Reduce contrast. Here, A=(white-black)/100 and B=black/100.)</td>
				3143	</tr>
				3144	</table>
				3145
				3146	<p>The <kbd>Polynomial</kbd> function gives great versatility, since polynomials can be used to fit any continuous curve to any degree of accuracy desired.</p>
				3147	</dd>
				3148
				3149	<dt><kbd>Sinusoid</kbd></dt>
				3150	<dd>
				3151	<p>The <kbd>Sinusoid</kbd> function can be used to vary the channel values sinusoidally by setting frequency, phase shift, amplitude, and a bias. These values are given as one to four parameters, as follows,</p>
				3152
				3153	<div style="text-align: center">
				3154	-function <kbd>Sinusoid</kbd> <em class="arg">freq</em>,[<em class="arg">phase</em>,[<em class="arg">amp</em>,[<em class="arg">bias</em>]]]
				3155	</div>
				3156
				3157	<p>where <em>phase</em> is in degrees. (The domain [0,1] of the function corresponds to 0 through <em class="arg">freq</em>×360 degrees.) The result is that if a pixel's normalized channel value is originally <b><em>u</em></b>, its resulting normalized value is given by </p>
				3158
				3159	<div style="text-align: center">
				3160	<em class="arg">amp</em> * sin(2π (<em class="arg">freq</em> * <b><em>u</em></b> + <em class="arg">phase</em> / 360)) + <em class="arg">bias</em>
				3161	</div>
				3162
				3163	<p> For example, the following generates a curve that starts and ends at 0.9 (when <b><em>u</em></b>=0 and 1, resp.), oscillating three times between .7−.2=.5 and .7+.2=.9. </p>
				3164
				3165	<p class="crtsnip">
				3166	-function Sinusoid 3,-90,.2,.7
				3167	</p>
				3168
				3169	<p>The default values of <em class="arg">amp</em> and <em class="arg">bias</em> are both .5. The default for <em class="arg">phase</em> is 0.</p>
				3170
				3171	<p>The <kbd>Sinusoid</kbd> function generalizes <kbd>Sin</kbd> and <kbd>Cos</kbd> of the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator by allowing varying amplitude, phase and bias. The correspondence is as follows.</p>
				3172
				3173	<table class="doc">
				3174	<tr>
				3175	<td>-evaluate Sin <em class="arg">freq</em> </td>
				3176	<td>-function Sinusoid <em class="arg">freq</em>,0 </td>
				3177	</tr>
				3178	<tr>
				3179	<td>-evaluate Cos <em class="arg">freq</em> </td>
				3180	<td>-function Sinusoid <em class="arg">freq</em>,90 </td>
				3181	</tr>
				3182	</table>
				3183	</dd>
				3184
				3185	<dt><kbd>ArcSin</kbd></dt>
				3186	<dd>
				3187	<p>The <kbd>ArcSin</kbd> function generates the inverse curve of a Sinusoid,
				3188	and can be used to generate cylindrical distortion and displacement maps.
				3189	The curve can be adjusted relative to both the input values and output range
				3190	of values.
				3191
				3192	<div style="text-align: center">
				3193	-function <kbd>ArcSin</kbd> <em class="arg">width</em>,[<em class="arg">center</em>,[<em class="arg">range</em>,[<em class="arg">bias</em>]]]
				3194	</div>
				3195
				3196	<p>with all values given in terms of noramlize color values (0.0 for black,
				3197	1.0 for white). Defaulting to values covering the full range from 0.0 to 1.0
				3198	for bout input (<em class="arg">width</em>), and output (<em
				3199	class="arg">width</em>) values. '<code>1.0,0.5,1.0,0.5</code>' </p>
				3200
				3201	<div style="text-align: center">
				3202	<em class="arg">range</em>/π * asin( 2/<em class="arg">width</em> * ( <b><em>u</em></b> - <em class="arg">center</em> ) ) + <em class="arg">bias</em>
				3203	</div>
				3204
				3205	</dd>
				3206
				3207	<dt><kbd>ArcTan</kbd></dt>
				3208	<dd>
				3209	<p>The <kbd>ArcTan</kbd> function generates a curve that smooth crosses from
				3210	limit values at infinities, though a center using the given slope value.
				3211	All these values can be adjusted via the arguments.
				3212
				3213	<div style="text-align: center">
				3214	-function <kbd>ArcTan</kbd> <em class="arg">slope</em>,[<em class="arg">center</em>,[<em class="arg">range</em>,[<em class="arg">bias</em>]]]
				3215	</div>
				3216
				3217	<p>Defaulting to '<code>1.0,0.5,1.0,0.5</code>'.
				3218	</p>
				3219
				3220	<div style="text-align: center">
				3221	<em class="arg">range</em>/π * atan( <em class="arg">slope</em>π ( <b><em>u</em></b> - <em class="arg">center</em> ) ) + <em class="arg">bias</em>
				3222	</div>
				3223
				3224	</dd>
				3225
				3226	</dl>
				3227
				3228
				3229	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3230	<h4><a name="fuzz" id="fuzz"></a>-fuzz <em class="arg">distance</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
				3231	</div>
				3232
				3233	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Colors within this <em class="arg">distance</em> are considered equal.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3234
				3235	<p>A number of algorithms search for a target color. By default the color must be exact. Use this option to match colors that are close to the target color in RGB space. For example, if you want to automagically trim the edges of an image with <a href="#trim">-trim</a> but the image was scanned and the target background color may differ by a small amount. This option can account for these differences.</p>
				3236
				3237	<p>The <em class="arg">distance</em> can be in absolute intensity units or, by appending <kbd>%</kbd> as a percentage of the maximum possible intensity (255, 65535, or 4294967295).</p>
				3238
				3239
				3240	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3241	<h4><a name="fx" id="fx"></a>-fx <em class="arg">expression</em></h4>
				3242	</div>
				3243
				3244	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a mathematical expression to an image or image channels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3245
				3246	<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">expression</em> is <kbd>@</kbd>, the expression is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string.</p>
				3247
				3248	<p>See <a href="../www/fx.html">FX, The Special Effects Image Operator</a> for a detailed discussion of this option.</p>
				3249
				3250
				3251	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3252	<h4><a name="gamma" id="gamma"></a>-gamma <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				3253	</div>
				3254
				3255	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>level of gamma correction.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3256
				3257	<p>The same color image displayed on two different workstations may look different due to differences in the display monitor. Use gamma correction to adjust for this color difference. Reasonable values extend from <kbd>0.8</kbd> to <kbd>2.3</kbd>. Gamma less than 1.0 darkens the image and gamma greater than 1.0 lightens it. Large adjustments to image gamma may result in the loss of some image information if the pixel quantum size is only eight bits (quantum range 0 to 255).</p>
				3258
				3259	<p>Gamma adjusts the image's channel values pixel-by-pixel according to a power law, namely, pow(pixel,1/gamma) or pixel^(1/gamma), where pixel is the normalized or 0 to 1 color value. For example, using a value of gamma=2 is the same as taking the square root of the image.</p>
				3260
				3261	<p>You can apply separate gamma values to the red, green, and blue channels of the image with a gamma value list delimited with commas (e.g., <kbd>1.7,2.3,1.2</kbd>).</p>
				3262
				3263	<p>Use <a href="#gamma">+gamma <em class="arg">value</em></a> to set the image gamma level without actually adjusting the image pixels. This option is useful if the image is of a known gamma but not set as an image attribute (e.g. PNG images).</p>
				3264
				3265	<p>Note that gamma adjustments are also available via the <a href="#level">-level</a> operator.</p>
				3266
				3267	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3268	<h4><a name="gaussian-blur" id="gaussian-blur"></a>-gaussian-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-gaussian-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em></h4>
				3269	</div>
				3270
				3271	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Blur the image with a Gaussian operator.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3272
				3273	<p>Convolve the image with a Gaussian or normal distribution. The formula is:</p>
				3274
				3275	<div class="eqn"><img alt="gaussian distribution" width="243px" height="42px" src="../images/gaussian-blur.png"/>
				3276	</div>
				3277
				3278	<p>where <i>r</i> is the blur radius (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = <i>u</i><sup>2</sup> + <i>v</i><sup>2</sup>), and σ is the standard deviation of the Gaussian distribution. As a guideline, set <i>r</i> to approximately 3σ. Specify a radius of 0 and ImageMagick selects a suitable radius for you.</p>
				3279
				3280	<p>This differs from the faster <a href="#blur">-blur</a> operator in that a
				3281	full 2-dimentional convolution is used to generate the weighted average of the
				3282	neighbouring pixels. </p>
				3283
				3284	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				3285	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				3286	</p>
				3287
				3288
				3289	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3290	<h4><a name="geometry" id="geometry"></a>-geometry <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				3291	</div>
				3292
				3293	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the preferred size and location of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3294
				3295	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				3296
				3297	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3298	<h4><a name="gravity" id="gravity"></a>-gravity <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				3299	</div>
				3300
				3301	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Sets the current gravity suggestion for various other settings and options.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3302
				3303	<p>Choices include: <kbd>NorthWest</kbd>, <kbd>North</kbd>, <kbd>NorthEast</kbd>,
				3304	<kbd>West</kbd>, <kbd>Center</kbd>, <kbd>East</kbd>, <kbd>SouthWest</kbd>,
				3305	<kbd>South</kbd>, <kbd>SouthEast</kbd>. Use <a href="#list">-list gravity</a> to get a complete
				3306	list of <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> settings available in your ImageMagick
				3307	installation.</p>
				3308
				3309	<p>The direction you choose specifies where to position text or subimages. For example, a gravity of <kbd>Center</kbd> forces the text to be centered within the image. By default, the image gravity is <kbd>NorthWest</kbd>. See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for more details about graphic primitives. Only the text primitive of <a href="#draw">-draw</a> affected by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option.</p>
				3310
				3311	<p>The <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is also used in concert with the <a href="#geometry">-geometry</a> setting and other settings or options that take <em class="arg">geometry</em> as an argument, such as the <a href="#crop">-crop</a> option. </p>
				3312
				3313	<p>If a <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting occurs before another option or setting having a <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument that specifies an offset, the offset is usually applied to the point within the image suggested by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> argument. Thus, in the following command, for example, suppose the file <kbd>image.png</kbd> has dimensions 200x100. The offset specified by the argument to <a href="#region">-region</a> is (−40,+20). The argument to <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> is <kbd>Center</kbd>, which suggests the midpoint of the image, at the point (100,50). The offset (−40,20) is applied to that point, giving (100−40,50+20)=(60,70), so the specified 10x10 region is located at that point. (In addition, the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> affects the region itself, which is <em>centered</em> at the pixel coordinate (60,70). (See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.)</p>
				3314
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3315	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -gravity Center -region 10x10-40+20 \ <br/> -negate output.png</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3316	<p>When used as an option to <a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>, <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> gives the direction that the image gravitates within the composite.</p>
				3317
				3318	<p>When used as an option to <a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>, <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> gives the direction that an image gravitates within a tile. The default gravity is <kbd>Center</kbd> for this purpose.</p>
				3319
				3320
				3321	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3322	<h4><a name="green-primary" id="green-primary"></a>-green-primary <em class="arg">x,y</em></h4>
				3323	</div>
				3324
				3325	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>green chromaticity primary point.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3326
				3327
				3328	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3329	<h4><a name="hald-clut" id="hald-clut"></a>-hald-clut</h4>
				3330	</div>
				3331
				3332	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a Hald color lookup table to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3333
				3334	<p>A Hald color lookup table is a 3-dimensional color cube mapped to 2
				3335	dimensions. Create it with the <kbd>HALD:</kbd> prefix (e.g. HALD:8). You
				3336	can apply any color transformation to the Hald image and then use this option
				3337	to apply the transform to the image. </p>
				3338
				3339	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png hald.png -hald-clut transform.png</span></p>
				3340	<p>This option provides a convenient method for you to use Gimp or Photoshop
				3341	to make color corrections to the Hald CLUT image and subsequently apply them
				3342	to multiple images using an ImageMagick script. </p>
				3343
				3344	<p>Note that the representation is only of the normal RGB color space and that
				3345	the whole color value triplet is used for the interpolated lookup of the
				3346	represented Hald color cube image. Because of this the operation is not <a
				3347	href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting effected, nor can it adjust or modify an
				3348	images transparency or alpha/matte channel.</p>
				3349
				3350	<p>See also <a href="#clut" >-clut</a> which provides color value replacement
				3351	of the individual color channels, usally involving a simplier gray-scale
				3352	image. E.g: gray-scale to color replacement, or modification by a histogram
				3353	mapping. </p>
				3354
				3355
				3356	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3357	<h4><a name="help" id="help"></a>-help</h4>
				3358	</div>
				3359
				3360	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>print usage instructions.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3361
				3362	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3363	<h4><a name="highlight-color" id="highlight-color"></a>-highlight-color <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				3364	</div>
				3365
				3366	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>when comparing images, emphasize pixel differences with this color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3367
				3368	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3369	<h4><a name="iconGeometry" id="iconGeometry"></a>-iconGeometry <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				3370	</div>
				3371
				3372	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the icon geometry.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3373
				3374	<p>Offsets, if present in the geometry specification, are handled in the same manner as the <a href="#geometry">-geometry</a> option, using X11 style to handle negative offsets.</p>
				3375
				3376	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				3377
				3378	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3379	<h4><a name="iconic" id="iconic"></a>-iconic</h4>
				3380	</div>
				3381
				3382	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>iconic animation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3383
				3384	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3385	<h4><a name="identify" id="identify"></a>-identify</h4>
				3386	</div>
				3387
				3388	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>identify the format and characteristics of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3389
				3390	<p>This information is printed: image scene number; image name; image size; the image class (<em class="arg">DirectClass</em> or <em class="arg">PseudoClass</em>); the total number of unique colors; and the number of seconds to read and transform the image. Refer to <a href="../www/miff.html">MIFF</a> for a description of the image class.</p>
				3391
				3392	<p>If <a href="#colors">-colors</a> is also specified, the total unique colors in the image and color reduction error values are printed. Refer to <a href="/www/quantize.html">color reduction algorithm</a> for a description of these values.</p>
				3393
				3394	<p>If <a href="#verbose">-verbose</a> preceds this option, copious
				3395	amounts of image properties are displayed including image statistics, profiles,
				3396	image histogram, and others.</p>
				3397
				3398	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3399	<h4><a name="ift" id="ift"></a>-ift</h4>
				3400	</div>
				3401
				3402	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>implements the inverse discrete Fourier transform (DFT).</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3403
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	3404	<p>This option is new as of ImageMagick 6.5.4-3 (and now working for Windows users in ImageMagick 6.6.0-9). It transforms a pair of magnitude and phase images from the frequency domain to a single image in the normal or spatial domain. See for example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform" target="_blank">Fourier Transform</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFT" target="_blank">Discrete Fourier Transform</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFT" target="_blank">Fast Fourier Transform</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3405
				3406	<p>For example, depending upon the image format used to store the result of the <a href="#fft">-fft</a>, one would use either</p>
				3407
				3408	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert fft_image.miff -ift fft_image_ift.png</span></p>
				3409	<p>or</p>
				3410
				3411	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert fft_image-0.png fft_image-1.png -ift fft_image_ift.png</span></p>
				3412
				3413	<p>The resulting image may need to be cropped due to padding introduced when the original image, prior to the <a href="#fft">-fft</a> or <a href="#fft">+fft</a>, was not square or even dimensioned. Any padding will be at the right and/or bottom sides of the image.
				3414
				3415	<p>The <a href="http://www.fftw.org/" target="_blank">FFTW</a> delegate library is required to use <a href="#ift">-ift</a>.
				3416
				3417	<p>Use <a href="#ift">+ift</a> (with HDRI enabled) to transform a pair of real and imaginary images from the frequency domain to a single image in the normal (spatial) domain.
				3418
				3419	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3420	<h4><a name="immutable" id="immutable"></a>-immutable</h4>
				3421	</div>
				3422
				3423	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>make image immutable.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3424
				3425	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3426	<h4><a name="implode" id="implode"></a>-implode <em class="arg">factor</em></h4>
				3427	</div>
				3428
				3429	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>implode image pixels about the center.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3430
				3431	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3432	<h4><a name="insert" id="insert"></a>-insert <em class="arg">index</em></h4>
				3433	</div>
				3434
				3435	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>insert the last image into the image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3436
				3437	<p>This option takes last image in the current image sequence and inserts it at the given index. If a negative index is used, the insert position is calculated before the last image is removed from the sequence. As such <kbd>-insert -1</kbd> will result in no change to the image sequence.</p>
				3438
				3439	<p>The <kbd>+insert</kbd> option is equivalent to <kbd>-insert -1</kbd>. In other words, insert the last image, at the end of the current image sequence. Consequently this has no effect on the image sequence order.</p>
				3440
				3441	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3442	<h4><a name="intent" id="intent"></a>-intent <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				3443	</div>
				3444
				3445	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>use this type of rendering intent when managing the image color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3446
				3447	<p>Use this option to affect the color management operation of an image (see <a href="#profile">-profile</a>). Choose from these intents: <kbd>Absolute, Perceptual, Relative, Saturation</kbd>.</p>
				3448
				3449	<p>The default intent is undefined.</p>
				3450
				3451	<p>To print a complete list of rendering intents, use <a href="#list">-list intent</a>.</p>
				3452
				3453	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3454	<h4><a name="interlace" id="interlace"></a>-interlace <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				3455	</div>
				3456
				3457	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the type of interlacing scheme.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3458
				3459	<p>Choose from:</p>
				3460
				3461	<pre class="text">
				3462	none
				3463	line
				3464	plane
				3465	partition
				3466	JPEG
				3467	GIF
				3468	PNG
				3469	</pre>
				3470
				3471	<p>This option is used to specify the type of interlacing scheme for raw image formats such as <kbd>RGB</kbd> or <kbd>YUV</kbd>.</p>
				3472
				3473	<p><kbd>None</kbd> means do not interlace (RGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGB...),</p>
				3474
				3475	<p><kbd>Line</kbd> uses scanline interlacing (RRR...GGG...BBB...RRR...GGG...BBB...), and.</p>
				3476
				3477	<p><kbd>Plane</kbd> uses plane interlacing (RRRRRR...GGGGGG...BBBBBB...).</p>
				3478
				3479	<p><kbd>Partition</kbd> is like plane except the different planes are saved to individual files (e.g. image.R,
				3480	image.G, and image.B).</p>
				3481
				3482	<p>Use <kbd>Line</kbd> or <kbd>Plane</kbd> to create an <kbd>interlaced PNG</kbd> or <kbd>GIF</kbd> or <kbd>progressive JPEG</kbd>
				3483	image.</p>
				3484
				3485	<p>To print a complete list of interlacing schemes, use <a href="#list">-list interlace</a>.</p>
				3486
				3487	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3488	<h4><a name="interpolate" id="interpolate"></a>-interpolate <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				3489	</div>
				3490
				3491	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the pixel color interpolation method to use when looking up a color based on a floating point or real value.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3492
				3493	<p>When looking up the color of a pixel using a non-interger floating point
				3494	value, you typically fall in between the pixel colors defined by the source
				3495	image. This setting determines how the color is determined from the colors of
				3496	the pixels surrounding that point. That is how to determine the color of a
				3497	point that falls between two, or even four different colored pixels. </p>
				3498
				3499	<pre class="text">
				3500	integer: The color of the top-left pixel (floor function)
				3501	nearest-neighbor: The nearest pixel to the lookup point (rounded function)
				3502	average: The average color of the surrounding four pixels
				3503	bilinear A double linear interpolation of pixels (the default)
				3504	mesh Divide area into two flat triangular interpolations
				3505	bicubic Fitted bicubic-spines of surrounding 16 pixels
				3506	spline Direct spline curves (colors are blurred)
				3507	filter Use resize <a href="#filter">-filter</a> settings
				3508	</pre>
				3509
				3510	<p>This most important for distortion operators such as <a href="#distort"
				3511	>-distort</a>, <a href="#implode" >-implode</a>, <a href="#transform"
				3512	>-transform</a> and <a href="#fx" >-fx</a>. </p>
				3513
				3514	<p>To print a complete list of interpolation methods, use <a href="#list">-list interpolate</a>.</p>
				3515
				3516	<p>See also <a href="#virtual-pixel" >-virtual-pixel</a>, for control of the
				3517	lookup for positions outside the boundaries of the image. </p>
				3518
				3519
				3520	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	f3bb478	2009-09-08 13:10:04 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3521	<h4><a name="interline-spacing" id="interline-spacing"></a>-interline-spacing <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				3522	</div>
				3523
				3524	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the space between two text lines.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3525
				3526	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3527	<h4><a name="interword-spacing" id="interword-spacing"></a>-interword-spacing <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				3528	</div>
				3529
				3530	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the space between two words.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3531
				3532	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3533	<h4><a name="kerning" id="kerning"></a>-kerning <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				3534	</div>
				3535
				3536	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the space between two letters.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3537
				3538	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3539	<h4><a name="label" id="label"></a>-label <em class="arg">name</em></h4>
				3540	</div>
				3541
				3542	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>assign a label to an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3543
				3544	<p>Use this option to assign a specific label to the image, as it is read in or created. You can use the <a href="#set" >-set</a> operation to re-assign a the labels of images already read in. Image formats such as TIFF, PNG, MIFF, supports saving the label information with the image.</p>
				3545
				3546	<p>When saving an image to a <em class="arg">PostScript</em> file, any label assigned to an image is used as a header string to print above the postscript image. </p>
				3547
				3548	<p>You can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image attribute by embedding special format character. See <a href="#format">-format</a> for details of the percent escape codes.</p>
				3549
				3550	<p>For example,</p>
				3551
				3552	<p class="crtsnip">
				3553	-label "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff
				3554	</p>
				3555
				3556	<p>assigns an image label of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> to the "<kbd>bird.miff</kbd>" image and whose width is 512 and height is 480, as it is read in. If a <a href="#label">+label</a> option was used instead, any existing label present in the image would be used. You can remove all labels from an image by assigning the empty string. </p>
				3557
				3558	<p>A label is not drawn on the image, but is embedded in the image datastream via <em>Label</em> tag or similar mechanism. If you want the label to be visible on the image itself, use the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option, or during the final processing in the creation of a image montage.</p>
				3559
				3560	<p>The label font can be specified with <a href="#font">-font</a>, and the
				3561	other font attribute settings.</p>
				3562
				3563	<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">string</em> is <em class="arg">@</em>, the image label is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string. Labels in a file are literal, no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
				3564
				3565
				3566	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3567	<h4><a name="lat" id="lat"></a>-lat <em class="arg">width</em><br />-lat <em class="arg">width</em>x<em class="arg">height</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">offset</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
				3568	</div>
				3569
				3570	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>perform local adaptive threshold.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3571
				3572	<p>Adaptively threshold each pixel based on the value of pixels in a
				3573	surrounding window. If the current pixel is lighter than this average plus
				3574	the optional <kbd>offset</kbd>, then it is made white, otherwise it is made
				3575	black. Small variations in pixel values such as found in scanned documents
				3576	can be ignored if offset is positive. A negative offset will make it more
				3577	sensitive to those small variations. </p>
				3578
				3579	<p>This is commonly used to threshold images with an uneven background. It is
				3580	based on the assumption that average color of the small window is the
				3581	the local background color, from which to separate the forground color. </p>
				3582
				3583
				3584	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3585	<h4><a name="layers" id="layers"></a>-layers <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
				3586	</div>
				3587
				3588	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>handle multiple images forming a set of image layers or animation frames.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3589
				3590	<p>Perform various image operation methods to a ordered sequence of images
				3591	which may represent either a set of overlaid 'image layers', a GIF disposal
				3592	animation, or a fully-'coalesced' animation sequence. </p>
				3593
				3594	<table class="doc">
				3595	<tbody>
				3596	<tr valign="top">
				3597	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				3598	<th align="left">Description</th>
				3599	</tr>
				3600
				3601	<tr valign="top">
				3602	<td valign="top">compare-any</td>
				3603	<td valign="top">Crop the second and later frames to the smallest rectangle
				3604	that contains all the differences between the two images. No GIF <a
				3605	href="#dispose" >-dispose</a> methods are taken into account. </td>
				3606	</tr>
				3607
				3608	<tr><td></td><td>This exactly the same as the <a href="#deconstruct"
				3609	>-deconstruct</a> operator, and does not preserve animations normal
				3610	working, especially when animation used layer disposal methods such as
				3611	'<kbd>Previous</kbd>' or '<kbd>Background</kbd>'. </td>
				3612	</tr>
				3613
				3614	<tr valign="top">
				3615	<td valign="top">compare-clear</td>
				3616	<td valign="top">As '<kbd>compare-any</kbd>' but crop to the bounds of any
				3617	opaque pixels which become transparent in the second frame. That is the
				3618	smallest image needed to mask or erase pixels for the next frame. </td>
				3619	</tr>
				3620
				3621	<tr valign="top">
				3622	<td valign="top">compare-overlay</td>
				3623	<td valign="top">As '<kbd>compare-any</kbd>' but crop to pixels that add
				3624	extra color to the next image, as a result of overlaying color pixels.
				3625	That is the smallest single overlaid image to add or change colors. </td>
				3626	</tr>
				3627
				3628	<tr><td></td><td>This can be used with the <a href="#compose" >-compose</a> alpha
				3629	composition method '<kbd>change-mask</kbd>', to reduce the image to
				3630	just the pixels that need to be overlaid. </td>
				3631	</tr>
				3632
				3633	<tr valign="top">
				3634	<td valign="top">coalesce</td>
				3635	<td valign="top">Equivalent to a call to the <a href="#coalesce"
				3636	>-coalesce</a> operator. Apply the layer disposal methods set in the
				3637	current image sequence to form a fully defined animation sequence, as
				3638	it should be displayed. Effectively converting a GIF animation into a
				3639	'film strip'-like animation. </td>
				3640	</tr>
				3641
				3642	<tr valign="top">
				3643	<td valign="top">composite</td>
				3644	<td valign="top">Alpha Composition of two image lists, separated by a
				3645	"<kbd>null:</kbd>" image, with the destination image list first, and
				3646	the source images last. An image from each list are composited
				3647	together until one list is finished. The separator image and source
				3648	image lists are removed. </td>
				3649	</tr>
				3650
				3651
				3652	<tr><td></td><td>The <a href="#geometry" >-geometry</a> offset is adjusted according to
				3653	<a href="#gravity" >-gravity</a> in accordance of the virtual canvas
				3654	size of the first image in each list. Unlike a normal <a
				3655	href="#composite" >-composite</a> operation, the canvas offset is also
				3656	added to the final composite positioning of each image. </td>
				3657	</tr>
				3658
				3659	<tr><td></td><td>If one of the image lists only contains one image, that image is
				3660	applied to all the images in the other image list, regardless of which
				3661	list it is. In this case it is the image meta-data of the list which
				3662	preserved. </td>
				3663	</tr>
				3664
				3665
				3666	<tr valign="top">
				3667	<td valign="top">dispose</td>
				3668	<td valign="top">This like '<kbd>coalesce</kbd>' but shows the look of
				3669	the animation after the layer disposal method has been applied, before
				3670	the next sub-frame image is overlaid. That is the 'dispose' image that
				3671	results from the application of the GIF <a href="#dispose"
				3672	>-dispose</a> method. This allows you to check what
				3673	is going wrong with a particular animation you may be developing.
				3674	</td>
				3675	</tr>
				3676
				3677	<tr valign="top">
				3678	<td valign="top">flatten</td>
				3679	<td valign="top">Create a canvas the size of the first images virtual
				3680	canvas using the current <a href="#background" >-background</a> color,
				3681	and <a href="#compose" >-compose</a> each image in turn onto that
				3682	canvas. Images falling outside that canvas is clipped. Final
				3683	image will have a zero virtual canvas offset. </td>
				3684	</tr>
				3685
				3686	<tr><td></td><td>This usally used as one of the final 'image layering' operations
				3687	overlaying all the prepared image layers into a final image. </td>
				3688	</tr>
				3689
				3690	<tr><td></td><td>For a single image this method can also be used to fillout a virtual
				3691	canvas with real pixels, or to underlay a opaque color to remove
				3692	transparency from an image.</td>
				3693	</tr>
				3694
				3695
				3696	<tr valign="top">
				3697	<td valign="top">merge</td>
				3698	<td valign="top">As 'flatten' method but merging all the given image
				3699	layers into a new layer image just large enough to hold all the image
				3700	without clipping or extra space. The new images virtual offset will
				3701	prevere the position of the new layer, even if this offset is
				3702	negative. the virtual canvas size of the first image is preserved.
				3703	</td>
				3704	</tr>
				3705
				3706	<tr><td></td><td>Caution is advised when handling image layers with negative offsets
				3707	as few image file formats handle them correctly. </td>
				3708	</tr>
				3709
				3710	<tr valign="top">
				3711	<td valign="top">mosaic</td>
				3712	<td valign="top">As 'flatten' method but expanding the initial canvas size
				3713	of the first image so as to hold all the image layers. However as a
				3714	virtual canvas is 'locked' to the origin, by defination, image layers
				3715	with a negative offsets will still be clipped by the top and left
				3716	edges.</td>
				3717	</tr>
				3718
				3719	<tr><td></td><td>This method is commonly used to layout individual image using various
				3720	offset but without knowning the final canvas size. The resulting image
				3721	will, like 'flatten' not have any virtual offset, so can be saved to
				3722	any image file format. </td>
				3723	</tr>
				3724
				3725
				3726	<tr valign="top">
				3727	<td valign="top">optimize</td>
				3728	<td valign="top">Optimize a coalesced animation, into GIF animation using
				3729	a number of general techniques. This currently a short cut to
				3730	apply both the '<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>', and
				3731	'<kbd>optimize-transparency</kbd>' methods but may be expanded to
				3732	include other optimization methods as they are developed. </td>
				3733	</tr>
				3734
				3735	<tr valign="top">
				3736	<td valign="top">optimize-frame</td>
				3737	<td valign="top">Optimize a coalesced animation, into GIF animation by
				3738	reducing the number of pixels per frame as much as possible by
				3739	attempting to pick the best layer disposal method to use, while ensuring
				3740	the result will continue to animate properly. </td>
				3741	</tr>
				3742
				3743	<tr><td></td><td> There is no guarantee that the best optimization is found. But
				3744	then no reasonably fast GIF optimization algorithm can do this.
				3745	However this does seem to do better than most other GIF frame
				3746	optimizers seen. </td>
				3747	</tr>
				3748
				3749	<tr valign="top">
				3750	<td valign="top">optimize-plus</td>
				3751	<td valign="top">As '<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>' but attempt to improve the
				3752	overall optimization by adding extra frames to the animation, without
				3753	changing the final look or timing of the animation. The frames are
				3754	added to attempt to separate the clearing of pixels from the
				3755	overlaying of new additional pixels from one animation frame to the
				3756	next. If this does not improve the optimization (for the next frame
				3757	only), it will fall back to the results of the previous normal
				3758	'<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>' technique. </td>
				3759	</tr>
				3760
				3761	<tr><td></td><td>There is the possibility that the change in the disposal style will
				3762	result in a worsening in the optimization of later frames, though this
				3763	is unlikely. In other words there no guarantee that it is better than
				3764	the normal '<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>' technique. For some animations
				3765	however you can get a vast improvment in the final animation size. </td>
				3766	</tr>
				3767
				3768	<tr valign="top">
				3769	<td valign="top">optimize-transparency</td>
				3770	<td valign="top">Given a GIF animation, replace any pixel in the sub-frame
				3771	overlay images with transparency, if it does not change the resulting
				3772	animation by more than the current <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor.
				3773	</td>
				3774	</tr>
				3775
				3776	<tr><td></td><td>This should allow a existing frame optimized GIF animation to compress
				3777	into a smaller file size due to larger areas of one (transparent)
				3778	color rather than a pattern of multiple colors repeating the current
				3779	disposed image of the last frame. </td>
				3780	</tr>
				3781
				3782	<tr valign="top">
				3783	<td valign="top">remove-dups</td>
				3784	<td valign="top">Remove (and merge time delays) of duplicate consecutive
				3785	images, so as to simplify layer overlays of coalesced animations.
				3786	</td>
				3787	</tr>
				3788
				3789	<tr><td></td><td>Usually this a result of using a constant time delay across the
				3790	whole animation, or after a larger animation was split into smaller
				3791	sub-animations. The duplicate frames could also have been used as
				3792	part of some frame optimization methods. </td>
				3793	</tr>
				3794
				3795	<tr valign="top">
				3796	<td valign="top">remove-zero</td>
				3797	<td valign="top">Remove any image with a zero time delay, unless ALL the
				3798	images have a zero time delay (and is not a proper timed animation, a
				3799	warning is then issued). </td>
				3800	</tr>
				3801
				3802	<tr><td></td><td>In a GIF animation, such images are usually frames which provide
				3803	partial intermediary updates between the frames that are actually
				3804	displayed to users. These frames are usally added for improved frame
				3805	optimization in GIF animations. </td>
				3806	</tr>
				3807
				3808	<tr valign="top">
				3809	<td valign="top">trim-bounds</td>
				3810	<td valign="top">Find the bounds of all the images in the current
				3811	image sequence, then adjust the offsets so all images are contained on
				3812	a minimal positive canvas. None of the image data is modified, only
				3813	there virtual canvas size and offset. The all the image is given
				3814	the same canvas size, and and will have a positive offset, but will
				3815	remain in the same position relative to each other. As a result of the
				3816	minimal canvas size at least one image will touch every edge of that
				3817	canvas. The image data however may be transparent.
				3818	</td>
				3819	</tr>
				3820
				3821	</tbody>
				3822	</table>
				3823
				3824	<p>To print a complete list of layer types, use <a href="#list">-list layers</a>.</p>
				3825
				3826	<p>The operators <a href="#coalesce" >-coalesce</a>, <a href="#deconstruct"
				3827	>-deconstruct</a>, <a href="#flatten" >-flatten</a>, and <a href="#mosaic"
				3828	>-mosaic</a> are only aliases for the above methods. Also see <a
				3829	href="#page" >-page</a>, <a href="#repage" >-repage</a> operators, the <a
				3830	href="#compose" >-compose</a> setting, and the GIF <a href="#dispose"
				3831	>-dispose</a> and <a href="#delay" >-delay</a> settings. </p>
				3832
				3833
				3834	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3835	<h4><a name="level" id="level"></a>-level <em class="arg">black_point</em>{,<em class="arg">white_point</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}{,<em class="arg">gamma</em>}</h4>
				3836	</div>
				3837
				3838	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>adjust the level of image channels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3839
				3840	<p>Given one, two or three values delimited with commas: black-point,
				3841	white-point, gamma (for example: 10,250,1.0 or 2%,98%,0.5). The black and
				3842	white points range from 0 to <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>, or from 0 to 100%; if the white
				3843	point is omitted it is set to (<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> - black_point), so as to center
				3844	contrast changes. If a <kbd>%</kbd> sign is present anywhere in the string,
				3845	both black and white points are percentages of the full color range. Gamma
				3846	will do a <a href="#gamma">-gamma</a> adjustment of the values. If it is
				3847	omitted, the default of 1.0 (no gamma correction) is assumed.</p>
				3848
				3849	<p>In normal usage (<kbd>-level</kbd>) the image values are stretched so that
				3850	the given '<kbd>black_point</kbd>' value in the original image is set to
				3851	zero (or black), while the given '<kbd>white_point</kbd>' value is set to
				3852	<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> (or white). This provides you with direct contrast adjustments
				3853	to the image. The '<kbd>gamma</kbd>' of the resulting image will then be
				3854	adjusted. </p>
				3855
				3856	<p>From ImageMagick v6.4.1-9 using the plus form of the operator (<kbd>+level</kbd>) or
				3857	adding the special '!' flag anywhere in the argument list, will cause the
				3858	operator to do the reverse of the level adjustment. That is a zero, or
				3859	<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> value (black, and white, resp.) in the original image, is
				3860	adjusted to the given level values, allowing you to de-contrast, or compress
				3861	the channel values within the image. The '<kbd>gamma</kbd>' is adjusted before the level adjustment to de-contrast the image is made. </p>
				3862
				3863	<p>Only the channels defined by the current <a href="#channel">-channel</a>
				3864	setting are adjusted (defaults to RGB color channels only), allowing you to
				3865	limit the effect of this operator. </p>
				3866
				3867	<p>Please note that the transparency channel is treated as 'matte'
				3868	values (0 is opaque) and not as 'alpha' values (0 is transparent).</p>
				3869
				3870
				3871	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3872	<h4><a name="level-colors" id="level-colors"></a>-level-colors {<em
				3873	class="arg">black_color</em>}{,}{<em class="arg">white_color</em>}</h4>
				3874	</div>
				3875
				3876	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>adjust the level of an image using the provided dash seperated colors.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3877
				3878	<p>This function is exactly like <a href="#level">-level</a>, except that the
				3879	value value for each color channel is determined by the
				3880	'<kbd>black_color</kbd>' and '<kbd>white_color</kbd>' colors given (as
				3881	described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option). </p>
				3882
				3883	<p>This effectivally means the colors provided to <kbd>-level-colors</kbd>
				3884	is mapped to become 'black' and 'white' respectivally, with all the other
				3885	colors linearly adjusted (or clipped) to match that change. Each channel is
				3886	adjusted separatally using the channel values of the colors specified. </p>
				3887
				3888	<p>On the other hand the plus form of the operator (<kbd>+level-colors</kbd>)
				3889	will map the image color 'black' and 'white' to the given colors
				3890	respectivally, resulting in a gradient (de-contrasting) tint of the image to
				3891	those colors. This can also be used to convert a plain gray-scale image into a
				3892	one using the gradient of colors specified. </p>
				3893
				3894	<p>By supplying a single color with a comma separator either before or after
				3895	that color, will just replace the respective 'black' or 'white' point
				3896	respectivally. But if no comma separator is provided, the given color is
				3897	used for both the black and white color points, making the operator either
				3898	threshold the images around that color (- form) or set all colors to that
				3899	color (+ form). </p>
				3900
				3901
				3902	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3903	<h4><a name="limit" id="limit"></a>-limit <em class="arg">type value</em></h4>
				3904	</div>
				3905
				3906	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the pixel cache resource limit.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3907
				3908	<p>Choose from: <kbd>area</kbd>, <kbd>disk</kbd>, <kbd>file</kbd>, <kbd>map</kbd>, <kbd>memory</kbd>, <kbd>threads</kbd>, or <kbd>time</kbd>.</p>
				3909
cristy	6b63665	2009-12-05 17:16:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3910	<p>The value for <kbd>file</kbd> is in number of files. The other limits are in bytes. By default the limits are 768 files, 2GB of image area, 1.5GiB memory, 8GiB memory map, and 18.45EB of disk. These limits are adjusted relative to the available resources on your computer if this information is available. When any limit is reached, ImageMagick fails in some fashion but attempts to take compensating actions, if possible. For example, the following limits memory:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3911
				3912	<p class="crtsnip">
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3913	-limit memory 32MiB -limit map 64MiB
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3914	</p>
				3915
				3916	<p>Use <a href="#list">-list resource</a> to list the current limits. For example, our system shows these limits:</p>
				3917
cristy	6b63665	2009-12-05 17:16:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3918	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>identify -list resource</span><span class='crtout'><pre>File Area Memory Map Disk Thread Time
				3919	------------------------------------------------------------------------------
				3920	768 12.404GB 8.6642GiB 23.104GiB 18.446744EB 8 unlimited</pre>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3921	</span></p>
				3922	<p>Requests for pixel storage to keep intermediate images are satisfied by one of three resource categories: in-memory pool, memory-mapped files pool, and disk pool (in that order) depending on the <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#limit">‑limit</a> settings and whether the system honors a resource request. If the total size of allocated pixel storage in the given pool reaches the corresponding limit, the request is passed to the next pool. Additionally, requests that exceed the <kbd>area</kbd> limit automagically are allocated on disk.</p>
				3923
				3924	<p>To illustrate how ImageMagick utilizes resource limits, consider a typical image resource request. First, ImageMagick tries to allocate the pixels in memory. The request might be denied if the resource request exceeds the <kbd>memory</kbd> limit or if the system does not honor the request. If a memory request is not honored, the pixels are allocated to disk and the file is memory-mapped. However, if the allocation request exceeds the <kbd>map</kbd> limit, the resource allocation goes to disk. In all cases, if the resource request exceeds the <kbd>area</kbd> limit, the pixels are automagically cached to disk. If the disk has a hard limit, the program fails.</p>
				3925
				3926	<p>In most cases you simply do not need to concern yourself with resource limits. ImageMagick chooses reasonable defaults and most images do not tax your computer resources. Where limits do come in handy is when you process images that are large or on shared systems where ImageMagick can consume all or most of the available memory. In this case, the ImageMagick workflow slows other processes or, in extreme cases, brings the system to a halt. Under these circumstances, setting limits give some assurances that the ImageMagick workflow will not interfere with other concurrent uses of the computer. For example, assume you have a web interface that processes images uploaded from the Internet. To assure ImageMagick does not exceed 10mb of memory you can simply set the area limit to 10mb:</p>
				3927
				3928	<p class="crtsnip">
				3929	-limit area 10mb
				3930	</p>
				3931
				3932	<p>Now whenever a large image is processed, the pixels are automagically cached to disk instead of memory. This of course implies that large images typically process very slowly, simply because pixel processing in memory can be an order of magnitude faster than on disk. Because your web site users might inadvertedly upload a huge image to process, you should set a disk limit as well:</p>
				3933
				3934	<p class="crtsnip">
				3935	-limit area 10mb -limit disk 500mb
				3936	</p>
				3937
				3938	<p>Here ImageMagick stops processing if an image requires more than 500MB of disk storage.</p>
				3939
				3940	<p>In addition to command-line resource limit option, resources can be set with <a href="../www/resources.html#environment">environment variables</a>. Set the environment variables <kbd>MAGICK_AREA_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_DISK_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_FILE_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_MEMORY_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_MAP_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_THREAD_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_TIME_LIMIT</kbd> for limits of image area, disk space, open files, heap memory, memory map, number of threads of execution, and maximum elapsed time in seconds respectively.</p>
				3941
				3942	<p> Inquisitive users can try adding <a href="#debug">-debug cache</a> to their commands and then scouring the generated output for references to the pixel cache, in order to determine how the pixel cache was allocated and how resources were consumed. Advanced Unix/Linux users can pipe that output through <kbd>grep memory\|open\|destroy\|disk</kbd> for more readable sifting.
				3943	</p>
				3944
				3945	<p>For more about ImageMagick's use of resources, see the section <b>Cache Storage and Resource Requirements</b> on the <a href="../www/architecture.html#cache">Architecture</a> page.
				3946	</p>
				3947
				3948	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3949	<h4><a name="linear-stretch" id="linear-stretch"></a>-linear-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em><br />-linear-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em>{x<em class="arg">white-point</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}}</h4>
				3950	</div>
				3951
				3952	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Linear with saturation stretch.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3953
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3954	<p>This is very similar to <a href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a>,
				3955	and uses a 'histogram bin' to determine the range of color values that needs to
				3956	be stretched. However it then stretchs those colors using the <a
				3957	href="#level" >-level</a> operator.</p>
				3958
				3959	<p>As such while the initial determination may have 'binning' round off
				3960	effects, the image colors are stretched mathematically, rather than using the
				3961	histogram bins. This makes the operator more accurate. </p>
				3962
				3963	<p>note however that a <a href="#linear-stretch" >-linear-stretch</a> of
				3964	'<kbd>0</kbd>' does nothing, while a value of '<kbd>1</kbd>' does a near
				3965	perfect stretch of the color range. </p>
				3966
				3967	<p>See also <a href="#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect'
				3968	normalization of mathematical images. </p>
				3969
				3970	<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p>
				3971
				3972
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3973	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3974	<h4><a name="linewidth" id="linewidth"></a>-linewidth</h4>
				3975	</div>
				3976
				3977	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the line width for subsequent draw operations.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3978
				3979	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3980	<h4><a name="liquid-rescale" id="liquid-rescale"></a>-liquid-rescale <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				3981	</div>
				3982
				3983	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>rescale image with seam-carving.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3984
				3985	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				3986
				3987	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3988	<h4><a name="list" id="list"></a>-list <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				3989	</div>
				3990
				3991	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Print a list of supported arguments for various options or settings. Choose from these list types:</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3992
				3993	<pre class="text">
cristy	787d435	2010-03-06 13:55:58 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3994	Layers
				3995	LineCap
				3996	LineJoin
				3997	List
				3998	Locale
				3999	LogEvent
				4000	Log
				4001	Magic
				4002	Method
				4003	Metric
				4004	Mime
				4005	Mode
				4006	Morphology
				4007	Module
				4008	Noise
				4009	Orientation
				4010	Policy
				4011	PolicyDomain
				4012	PolicyRights
				4013	Preview
				4014	Primitive
				4015	QuantumFormat
				4016	Resource
				4017	SparseColor
				4018	Storage
				4019	Stretch
				4020	Style
				4021	Threshold
				4022	Type
				4023	Units
				4024	Validate
				4025	VirtualPixel
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4026	</pre>
				4027
cristy	787d435	2010-03-06 13:55:58 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4028	<p>These lists vary depending on your version of ImageMagick. Use "<kbd>-list list</kbd>" to get a complete listing of all the "<kbd>-list</kbd>" arguments available:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4029
				4030	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>identify -list list</span></p>
				4031	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4032	<h4><a name="log" id="log"></a>-log <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
				4033	</div>
				4034
				4035	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify format for debug log.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4036
				4037	<p>This option specifies the format for the log printed when the <a href="#debug">-debug</a> option is active.</p>
				4038
				4039	<p>You can display the following components by embedding special format characters:</p>
				4040
				4041	<pre class="text">
				4042	%d domain
				4043	%e event
				4044	%f function
				4045	%l line
				4046	%m module
				4047	%p process ID
				4048	%r real CPU time
				4049	%t wall clock time
				4050	%u user CPU time
				4051	%% percent sign
				4052	\n newline
				4053	\r carriage return
				4054	</pre>
				4055
				4056	<p>For example:</p>
				4057
				4058	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -debug coders -log "%u %m:%l %e" in.gif out.png</span></p>
				4059	<p>The default behavior is to print all of the components.</p>
				4060
				4061	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4062	<h4><a name="loop" id="loop"></a>-loop <em class="arg">iterations</em></h4>
				4063	</div>
				4064
				4065	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>add Netscape loop extension to your GIF animation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4066
				4067	<p>Set iterations to zero to repeat the animation an infinite number of times, otherwise the animation repeats itself up to <em class="arg">iterations</em> times.</p>
				4068
				4069	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4070	<h4><a name="lowlight-color" id="lowlight-color"></a>-lowlight-color <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				4071	</div>
				4072
				4073	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>when comparing images, de-emphasize pixel differences with this color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4074
				4075	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4076	<h4><a name="magnify" id="magnify"></a>-magnify <em class="arg">factor</em></h4>
				4077	</div>
				4078
				4079	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>magnify the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4080
				4081
				4082	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4083	<h4><a name="map" id="map"></a>-map <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				4084	</div>
				4085
				4086	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Display image using this <em class="arg">type</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4087
				4088	<p>Choose from these <em class="arg">Standard Colormap</em> types:</p>
				4089
				4090	<pre class="text">
				4091	best
				4092	default
				4093	gray
				4094	red
				4095	green
				4096	blue
				4097	</pre>
				4098
				4099	<p>The <em class="arg">X server</em> must support the <em class="arg">Standard Colormap</em> you choose, otherwise an error occurs. Use <kbd>list</kbd> as the type and <kbd>display</kbd> searches the list of colormap types in <kbd>top-to-bottom</kbd> order until one is located. See <em class="arg">xstdcmap(1)</em> for one way of creating Standard Colormaps.</p>
				4100
				4101
				4102	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4103	<h4><a name="map_stream_" id="map_stream_"></a>-map <em class="arg">components</em></h4>
				4104	</div>
				4105
				4106	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>pixel map.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/stream.html">stream</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4107
				4108	<p>Here are the valid components of a map:</p>
				4109
				4110	<pre class="text">
				4111	r red pixel component
				4112	g green pixel component
				4113	b blue pixel component
				4114	a alpha pixel component (0 is transparent)
				4115	o opacity pixel component (0 is opaque)
				4116	i grayscale intensity pixel component
				4117	c cyan pixel component
				4118	m magenta pixel component
				4119	y yellow pixel component
				4120	k black pixel component
				4121	p pad component (always 0)
				4122	</pre>
				4123
				4124	<p>You can specify as many of these components as needed in any order (e.g. bgr). The components can repeat as well (e.g. rgbr).</p>
				4125
				4126	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4127	<h4><a name="mask" id="mask"></a>-mask
				4128	<em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
				4129	</div>
				4130
				4131	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Composite the image pixels as defined by the mask.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4132
				4133	<p>Use <a href="#mask">+mask</a> to remove the image mask.</p>
				4134
				4135	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4136	<h4><a name="mattecolor" id="mattecolor"></a>-mattecolor <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				4137	</div>
				4138
				4139	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify the color to be used with the <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4140
				4141	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				4142
				4143	<p>The default matte color is <kbd>#BDBDBD</kbd>, <span style="background-color: #bdbdbd;">this shade of gray</span>.</p>
				4144
				4145	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	d2baf7d	2010-03-06 04:26:44 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4146	<h4><a name="maximum" id="maximum"></a>-maximum</h4>
				4147	</div>
				4148
				4149	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>return the maximum intensity of an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4150
				4151	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4152	<h4><a name="median" id="median"></a>-median <em class="arg">radius</em></h4>
				4153	</div>
				4154
				4155	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a median filter to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4156
				4157	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4158	<h4><a name="metric" id="metric"></a>-metric <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				4159	</div>
				4160
				4161	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Output to STDERR a measure of the differences between images according to the <em class="arg">type</em> given metric.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4162
				4163	<p>Choose from:</p>
				4164
				4165	<pre class="text">
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4166	AE absolute number of different pixels
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4167	MAE mean absolute error (normalized), average channel error distance
				4168	MEPP mean error per pixel (normalized mean error, normalized peak error)
				4169	MSE mean error squared, average of the channel error squared
				4170	PAE peak absolute (normalize peak absolute)
				4171	PSNR peak signal to noise ratio
				4172	RMSE root mean squared (normalized root mean squared)
				4173	</pre>
				4174
				4175	<p>The '<kbd>AE</kbd>' or absolute count of pixels that are different, can be
				4176	controled using a <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor to ignore pixels which
				4177	only changed by a small amount. The '<kbd>PAE</kbd>' can be used to find the
				4178	size of the <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor needed to make all pixels
				4179	'similar'. </p>
				4180
				4181	<p>The '<kbd>MEPP</kbd>' metric returns three different metrics
				4182	('<kbd>MAE</kbd>', '<kbd>MAE</kbd>' normalized, and '<kbd>PAE</kbd>'
				4183	normalized) from the single comparision run. </p>
				4184
				4185	<p>To print a complete list of metrics, use the <a href="#list">-list metrics</a> option.</p>
				4186
cristy	d2baf7d	2010-03-06 04:26:44 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4187	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4188	<h4><a name="minimum" id="minimum"></a>-minimum</h4>
				4189	</div>
				4190
				4191	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>return the minimum intensity of an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4192
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4193
				4194	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4195	<h4><a name="mode" id="mode"></a>-mode <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				4196	</div>
				4197
				4198	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mode of operation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4199
				4200	<p>Choose the <em class="arg">value</em> from these styles: <kbd>Frame, Unframe, or Concatenate</kbd></p>
				4201
				4202	<p>Use the <a href="#list" >-list</a> option with a '<kbd>Mode</kbd>'
				4203	argument for a list of <a href="#mode" >-mode</a> arguments available
				4204	in your ImageMagick installation.</p>
				4205
				4206
				4207	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4208	<h4><a name="modulate" id="modulate"></a>-modulate <em class="arg">brightness</em>[,<em class="arg">saturation</em>,<em class="arg">hue</em>]</h4>
				4209	</div>
				4210
				4211	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Vary the <em class="arg">brightness</em>, <em class="arg">saturation</em>, and <em class="arg">hue</em> of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4212
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4213	<p>The arguments are given as a percentages of variation. A value of 100 means
				4214	no change, and any missing values are taken to mean 100.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4215
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4216	<p>The <em class="arg">brightness</em> is a multiplier of the overall
				4217	brightness of the image, so 0 means pure black, 50 is half as bright, 200 is
				4218	twice as bright. To invert its meaning <a href="#negate">-negate</a> the image
				4219	before and after. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4220
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4221	<p>The <em class="arg">saturation</em> controls the amount of color in an
				4222	image. For example, 0 produce a grayscale image, while a large value such as
				4223	200 produce a very colorful, 'cartoonish' color.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4224
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4225	<p>The <em class="arg">hue</em> argument causes a "rotation" of the colors
				4226	within the image by the amount specified. For example, 50 results in
				4227	a counter-clockwise rotation of 90, mapping red shades to purple, and so on.
				4228	A value of either 0 or 200 results in a complete 180 degree rotation of the
				4229	image. Using a value of 300 is a 360 degree rotation resulting in no change to
				4230	the original image. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4231
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4232	<p>For example, to increase the color brightness by 20% and decrease the color
				4233	saturation by 10% and leave the hue unchanged, use <a
				4234	href="#modulate">-modulate 120,90</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4235
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4236	<p>Use <a href="#set">-set</a> attribute of '<kbd
				4237	class="arg">option:modulate:colorspace</kbd>' to specify which colorspace to
				4238	modulate. Choose from <kbd>HSB</kbd>, <kbd>HSL</kbd> (the default), or
				4239	<kbd>HWB</kbd>. For example,</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4240
				4241	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -set option:modulate:colorspace hsb -modulate 120,90 modulate.png</span></p>
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4242
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4243	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4244	<h4><a name="monitor" id="monitor"></a>-monitor</h4>
				4245	</div>
				4246
				4247	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>monitor progress.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4248
				4249
				4250	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4251	<h4><a name="monochrome" id="monochrome"></a>-monochrome</h4>
				4252	</div>
				4253
				4254	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>transform the image to black and white.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4255
				4256
				4257	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4258	<h4><a name="morph" id="morph"></a>-morph <em class="arg">frames</em></h4>
				4259	</div>
				4260
				4261	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>morphs an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4262
				4263	<p>Both the image pixels and size are linearly interpolated to give the
				4264	appearance of a meta-morphosis from one image to the next, over all the images
				4265	in the current image list. The added images are the equivalent of a <a
				4266	href="#blend">-blend</a> composition. The <em class="arg">frames</em>
				4267	argument determine how many images to interpolate between each image. </p>
				4268
				4269
				4270	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	488844c	2010-01-22 14:02:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4271	<h4><a name="morphology" id="morphology"></a>-morphology</h4>
				4272	<h4><a name="morphology" id="morphology"></a>-morphology <em class="arg">method</em> <em class="arg">kernel</em></h4>
				4273	</div>
				4274
				4275	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a morphology method to the image</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4276
				4277	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4278	<h4><a name="mosaic" id="mosaic"></a>-mosaic</h4>
				4279	</div>
				4280
				4281	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>an simple alias for the <a href="#layers" >-layers</a> method "mosaic"</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4282
				4283
				4284	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4285	<h4><a name="motion-blur" id="motion-blur"></a>-motion-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-motion-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>+<em class="arg">angle</em></h4>
				4286	</div>
				4287
				4288	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate motion blur.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4289
				4290	<p>Blur with the given radius, standard deviation (sigma), and angle. The
				4291	angle given is the angle toward which the image is blurred. That is the
				4292	direction people would consider the object is coming from. </p>
				4293
				4294	<p>Note that the blur is not uniform distribution, giving the motion a
				4295	definate sense of direction of movement. </p>
				4296
				4297	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				4298	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				4299	</p>
				4300
				4301	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4302	<h4><a name="name" id="name"></a>-name</h4>
				4303	</div>
				4304
				4305	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>name an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4306	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4307	<h4><a name="negate" id="negate"></a>-negate</h4>
				4308	</div>
				4309
cristy	b29bc03	2010-02-01 20:29:43 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4310	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>replace each pixel with its complementary color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4311
				4312	<p>The red, green, and blue intensities of an image are negated. White becomes black, yellow becomes blue, etc. Use <a href="#negate">+negate</a> to only negate the grayscale pixels of the image.</p>
				4313
				4314	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4315	<h4><a name="noise" id="noise"></a>-noise <em class="arg">radius</em><br/>
				4316	+noise <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				4317	</div>
				4318
				4319	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Add or reduce noise in an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4320
				4321	<p>The principal function of noise peak elimination filter is to smooth the objects within an image without losing edge information and without creating undesired structures. The central idea of the algorithm is to replace a pixel with its next neighbor in value within a pixel window, if this pixel has been found to be noise. A pixel is defined as noise if and only if this pixel is a maximum or minimum within the pixel window.</p>
				4322
				4323	<p>Use <kbd><a href="#noise">-noise</a> <em class="arg">radius</em></kbd> to specify the width of the neighborhood when reducing noise.</p>
				4324
				4325	<p>Use <a href="#noise">+noise</a> followed by a noise <em class="arg">type</em> to add noise to an image. Choose from these noise types:</p>
				4326
				4327	<pre class="text">
				4328	Gaussian
				4329	Impulse
				4330	Laplacian
				4331	Multiplicative
				4332	Poisson
				4333	Random
				4334	Uniform
				4335	</pre>
				4336
				4337	<p>To print a complete list of noises, use the <a href="#list">-list noise</a> option.</p>
				4338
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4339	<p>Also see the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> noise functions that allos
				4340	the use of a controlling value to specify teh amount of noise that should be
				4341	added to an image. </p>
				4342
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4343
				4344	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4345	<h4><a name="normalize" id="normalize"></a>-normalize</h4>
				4346	</div>
				4347
				4348	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Increase the contrast in an image by <em>stretching</em> the range of intensity values.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4349
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4350	<p>The intensity values are stretched to cover the entire range of possible
				4351	values. While doing so, black-out at most <em>2%</em> of the pixels and
				4352	white-out at most <em>1%</em> of the pixels.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4353
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4354	<p>Note that as of ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <a href="#normalize" >-normalize</a>
				4355	is equivalent to <a href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch 2%x1%</a>.
				4356	(Before this version, it was equivalent to <a href="#contrast-stretch"
				4357	>-contrast-stretch 2%x99%</a>).</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4358
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4359	<p>All the channels are normalized in concert by the came amount so as to
				4360	preserve color integrity, when the default <a href="#channel" >+channel</a>
				4361	setting is in use. Specifing any other <a href="#channel" >-channel</a>
				4362	setting will normalize the RGB channels independently.</p>
				4363
				4364	<p>See <a href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</A> for more details.
				4365	Also see <a href="#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect' normalization
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4366	that is better suited to mathematically generated images. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4367
				4368	<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4369
				4370
				4371	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4372	<h4><a name="ordered-dither" id="ordered-dither"></a>-ordered-dither <em class="arg">threshold_map</em>{,<em class="arg">level</em>...}</h4>
				4373	</div>
				4374
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4375	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>dither the image using a pre-defined ordered dither <em
				4376	class="arg">threshold map</em> specified, and a uniform color map with the
				4377	given number of <em class="arg">levels</em> per color channel . </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4378
				4379	<p>You can choose from these standard threshold maps:</p>
				4380
				4381	<pre class="text">
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4382	threshold
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4383	checks
				4384	o2x2
				4385	o3x3
				4386	o4x4
				4387	o8x8
				4388	h4x4a
				4389	h6x6a
				4390	h8x8a
				4391	h4x4o
				4392	h6x6o
				4393	h8x8o
				4394	h16x16o
				4395	</pre>
				4396
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4397	<p>The '<kbd>o</kbd>' maps are ordered diffused pixel threshold maps, while the
				4398	'<kbd>h</kbd>' maps are halftone threshold maps which are either 'a' angled, or
				4399	'o' orthogonal. The '<kbd>checks</kbd>' produce a 3 level checkerbord dither
				4400	pattern. Or you can define your own <em class="arg" >threshold map</em> in a
				4401	personal or system "<kbd>thresholds.xml</kbd>" XML file. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4402
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4403	<p>To print a complete list of threshold, use the <a href="#list" >-list
				4404	threshold</a> option.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4405
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4406	<p>It is recommended that the <a href="#map" >+map</a> operator be used after
				4407	applying <a href="#ordered-dither" >-ordered-dither</a> to reduce the number of
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4408	colors an animated image sequence, to less that 256 colors. This ensures that
				4409	a common or global color table is used when saving the result to a color
				4410	limited file format such as GIF. </p>
				4411
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4412	<p>Note that at this time the exact same threshold dithering map is used for
				4413	all color channels, no attempt is made to offset or rotate the map for
				4414	different channels is made, to create an offset printing effect. (possible
				4415	future expansion) </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4416
				4417
				4418	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4419	<h4><a name="opaque" id="opaque"></a>-opaque <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				4420	</div>
				4421
				4422	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>change this color to the fill color within the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4423
cristy	c54f5d4	2009-11-27 21:36:31 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4424	<p>The <em class="arg">color</em> argument is defined using the format
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4425	described under the <a href="#fill" >-fill</a> option. The <a href="#fuzz"
				4426	>-fuzz</a> setting can be used to match and replace colors similar to the one
				4427	given.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4428
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4429	<p>Use <a href="#opaque">+opaque</a> to paint any pixel that does not match
				4430	the target color. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4431
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4432	<p>The <a href="#transparent">-transparent</a> operator is exactly the same
				4433	as <a href="#opaque" >-opaque</a> but replaces the matching color with
				4434	transparency rather than the current <a href="#fill">-fill</a> color setting.
				4435	To ensure that it can do this it also ensures that the image has an alpha
				4436	channel enabled, as per "<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> set</kbd>", for
				4437	the new transparent colors, and does not require you to modify the <a
				4438	href="#channel">-channel</a> to enable alpha channel handling. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4439
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4440
				4441	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4442	<h4><a name="orient" id="orient"></a>-orient <em class="arg">image orientation</em></h4>
				4443	</div>
				4444
				4445	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify orientation of a digital camera image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4446
				4447	<p>Choose from these orientations:</p>
				4448
				4449	<pre class="text">
				4450	bottom-left
				4451	bottom-right
				4452	left-bottom
				4453	left-top
				4454	right-bottom
				4455	right-top
				4456	top-left
				4457	top-right
				4458	undefined
				4459	</pre>
				4460
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4461	<p>To print a complete list of orientations, use the <a href="#list" >-list
				4462	orientation</a> option.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4463
				4464
				4465	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4466	<h4><a name="page" id="page"></a>-page <em class="arg">geometry</em><br/>
				4467	-page <em class="arg">media</em>[<em class="arg">offset</em>][{<em class="arg">^!<></em>}]<br/>
				4468	+page
				4469	</h4>
				4470	</div>
				4471
				4472	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the size and location of an image on the larger virtual canvas.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4473
				4474	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				4475
				4476	<p>For convenience you can specify the page size using <em class="arg">media</em> (see below). Offsets can then be added as with other <em class="arg">geometry</em> arguments (e.g. <a href="#page">-page</a> <kbd>Letter+43+43</kbd>).</p>
				4477
				4478	<p>Use <em class="arg">media</em> as shorthand to specify the dimensions (<em class="arg">width</em>x<em class="arg">height</em>) of the <em class="arg">PostScript</em> page in dots per inch or a TEXT page in pixels. The choices for a PostScript page are:</p>
				4479	<table id="geometryTable" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1" width="50%" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
				4480	<thead>
				4481	<tr valign="top">
				4482	<th align="center"><em class="arg">media</em></th>
				4483	<th align="center"><em class="arg">width</em></th>
				4484	<th align="center"><em class="arg">height</em></th>
				4485	</tr>
				4486	</thead>
				4487	<tbody>
				4488	<tr><td align="left"> 11x17 </td> <td align="right"> 792</td> <td align="right"> 1224</td> </tr>
				4489	<tr><td align="left"> Ledger </td> <td align="right"> 1224</td> <td align="right"> 792</td> </tr>
				4490	<tr><td align="left"> Legal </td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 1008</td> </tr>
				4491	<tr><td align="left"> Letter </td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 792</td> </tr>
				4492	<tr><td align="left"> LetterSmall</td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 792</td> </tr>
				4493	<tr><td align="left"> ArchE </td> <td align="right"> 2592</td> <td align="right"> 3456</td> </tr>
				4494	<tr><td align="left"> ArchD </td> <td align="right"> 1728</td> <td align="right"> 2592</td> </tr>
				4495	<tr><td align="left"> ArchC </td> <td align="right"> 1296</td> <td align="right"> 1728</td> </tr>
				4496	<tr><td align="left"> ArchB </td> <td align="right"> 864</td> <td align="right"> 1296</td> </tr>
				4497	<tr><td align="left"> ArchA </td> <td align="right"> 648</td> <td align="right"> 864</td> </tr>
				4498	<tr><td align="left"> A0 </td> <td align="right"> 2380</td> <td align="right"> 3368</td> </tr>
				4499	<tr><td align="left"> A1 </td> <td align="right"> 1684</td> <td align="right"> 2380</td> </tr>
				4500	<tr><td align="left"> A2 </td> <td align="right"> 1190</td> <td align="right"> 1684</td> </tr>
				4501	<tr><td align="left"> A3 </td> <td align="right"> 842</td> <td align="right"> 1190</td> </tr>
				4502	<tr><td align="left"> A4 </td> <td align="right"> 595</td> <td align="right"> 842</td> </tr>
				4503	<tr><td align="left"> A4Small </td> <td align="right"> 595</td> <td align="right"> 842</td> </tr>
				4504	<tr><td align="left"> A5 </td> <td align="right"> 421</td> <td align="right"> 595</td> </tr>
				4505	<tr><td align="left"> A6 </td> <td align="right"> 297</td> <td align="right"> 421</td> </tr>
				4506	<tr><td align="left"> A7 </td> <td align="right"> 210</td> <td align="right"> 297</td> </tr>
				4507	<tr><td align="left"> A8 </td> <td align="right"> 148</td> <td align="right"> 210</td> </tr>
				4508	<tr><td align="left"> A9 </td> <td align="right"> 105</td> <td align="right"> 148</td> </tr>
				4509	<tr><td align="left"> A10 </td> <td align="right"> 74</td> <td align="right"> 105</td> </tr>
				4510	<tr><td align="left"> B0 </td> <td align="right"> 2836</td> <td align="right"> 4008</td> </tr>
				4511	<tr><td align="left"> B1 </td> <td align="right"> 2004</td> <td align="right"> 2836</td> </tr>
				4512	<tr><td align="left"> B2 </td> <td align="right"> 1418</td> <td align="right"> 2004</td> </tr>
				4513	<tr><td align="left"> B3 </td> <td align="right"> 1002</td> <td align="right"> 1418</td> </tr>
				4514	<tr><td align="left"> B4 </td> <td align="right"> 709</td> <td align="right"> 1002</td> </tr>
				4515	<tr><td align="left"> B5 </td> <td align="right"> 501</td> <td align="right"> 709</td> </tr>
				4516	<tr><td align="left"> C0 </td> <td align="right"> 2600</td> <td align="right"> 3677</td> </tr>
				4517	<tr><td align="left"> C1 </td> <td align="right"> 1837</td> <td align="right"> 2600</td> </tr>
				4518	<tr><td align="left"> C2 </td> <td align="right"> 1298</td> <td align="right"> 1837</td> </tr>
				4519	<tr><td align="left"> C3 </td> <td align="right"> 918</td> <td align="right"> 1298</td> </tr>
				4520	<tr><td align="left"> C4 </td> <td align="right"> 649</td> <td align="right"> 918</td> </tr>
				4521	<tr><td align="left"> C5 </td> <td align="right"> 459</td> <td align="right"> 649</td> </tr>
				4522	<tr><td align="left"> C6 </td> <td align="right"> 323</td> <td align="right"> 459</td> </tr>
				4523	<tr><td align="left"> Flsa </td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 936</td> </tr>
				4524	<tr><td align="left"> Flse </td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 936</td> </tr>
				4525	<tr><td align="left"> HalfLetter </td> <td align="right"> 396</td> <td align="right"> 612</td> </tr>
				4526	</tbody>
				4527	</table>
				4528
				4529
				4530
				4531
				4532	<p>This option is also used to place subimages when writing to a multi-image format that supports offsets, such as GIF89 and MNG. When used for this purpose the offsets are always measured from the top left corner of the canvas and are not affected by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option. To position a GIF or MNG image, use <a href="#page">-page</a><em class="arg">{+-}x{+-}y</em> (e.g. -page +100+200). When writing to a MNG file, a <a href="#page">-page</a> option appearing ahead of the first image in the sequence with nonzero width and height defines the width and height values that are written in the <kbd>MHDR</kbd> chunk. Otherwise, the MNG width and height are computed from the bounding box that contains all images in the sequence. When writing a GIF89 file, only the bounding box method is used to determine its dimensions.</p>
				4533
				4534	<p>For a PostScript page, the image is sized as in <a href="#geometry">-geometry</a> but positioned relative to the <em>lower left-hand corner</em> of the page by {+-}<kbd>x</kbd><em class="arg">offset</em>{+-}<kbd>y</kbd> <em class="arg">offset</em>. Use <a href="#page">-page 612x792</a>, for example, to center the image within the page. If the image size exceeds the PostScript page, it is reduced to fit the page. The default gravity for the <a href="#page">-page</a> option is <em class="arg">NorthWest</em>, i.e., positive <kbd>x</kbd> and <kbd>y</kbd> <em class="arg">offset</em> are measured rightward and downward from the top left corner of the page, unless the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with a value other than <em class="arg">NorthWest</em>.</p>
				4535
				4536	<p>The default page dimensions for a TEXT image is 612x792.</p>
				4537
				4538	<p>This option is used in concert with <a href="#density">-density</a>.</p>
				4539
				4540	<p>Use <a href="#page">+page</a> to remove the page settings for an image.</p>
				4541
				4542	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4543	<h4><a name="paint" id="paint"></a>-paint <em class="arg">radius</em></h4>
				4544	</div>
				4545
				4546	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate an oil painting.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4547
				4548	<p>Each pixel is replaced by the most frequent color in a circular neighborhood whose width is specified with <em class="arg">radius</em>.</p>
				4549
				4550	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4551	<h4><a name="path" id="path"></a>-path <em class="arg">path</em></h4></div>
				4552
				4553	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>write images to this path on disk.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4554
				4555	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4556	<h4><a name="pause_animate_" id="pause_animate_"></a>-pause <em class="arg">seconds</em></h4>
				4557	</div>
				4558
				4559	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Pause between animation loops.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4560
				4561	<p>Pause for the specified number of seconds before repeating the animation.</p>
				4562
				4563	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4564	<h4><a name="pause_import_" id="pause_import_"></a>-pause <em class="arg">seconds</em></h4>
				4565	</div>
				4566
				4567	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Pause between snapshots.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/import.html">import</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4568
				4569	<p>Pause for the specified number of seconds before taking the next snapshot.</p>
				4570
				4571	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4572	<h4><a name="ping" id="ping"></a>-ping</h4>
				4573	</div>
				4574
				4575	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>efficiently determine image characteristics.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4576
				4577	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4578	<h4><a name="pointsize" id="pointsize"></a>-pointsize <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				4579	</div>
				4580
				4581	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>pointsize of the PostScript, OPTION1, or TrueType font.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4582
				4583	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4584	<h4><a name="polaroid" id="polaroid"></a>-polaroid <em class="arg">angle</em></h4>
				4585	</div>
				4586
				4587	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate a Polaroid picture.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4588
				4589	<p>Use <kbd>+polaroid</kbd> to rotate the image at a random angle between -15 and +15 degrees.</p>
				4590
				4591	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4592	<h4><a name="posterize" id="posterize"></a>-posterize <em class="arg">levels</em></h4>
				4593	</div>
				4594
				4595	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>reduce the image to a limited number of color levels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4596
				4597	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	d43a46b	2010-01-21 02:13:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4598	<h4><a name="precision" id="precision"></a>-precision <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				4599	</div>
				4600
				4601	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the maximum number of significant digits to be printed.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4602
				4603	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4604	<h4><a name="preview" id="preview"></a>-preview <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				4605	</div>
				4606
				4607	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>image preview type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4608
				4609	<p>Use this option to affect the preview operation of an image (e.g. <kbd>convert file.png -preview Gamma Preview:gamma.png</kbd>). Choose from these previews:</p>
				4610
				4611	<pre class="text">
				4612	Rotate
				4613	Shear
				4614	Roll
				4615	Hue
				4616	Saturation
				4617	Brightness
				4618	Gamma
				4619	Spiff
				4620	Dull
				4621	Grayscale
				4622	Quantize
				4623	Despeckle
				4624	ReduceNoise
				4625	Add Noise
				4626	Sharpen
				4627	Blur
				4628	Threshold
				4629	EdgeDetect
				4630	Spread
				4631	Shade
				4632	Raise
				4633	Segment
				4634	Solarize
				4635	Swirl
				4636	Implode
				4637	Wave
				4638	OilPaint
				4639	CharcoalDrawing
				4640	JPEG
				4641	</pre>
				4642
				4643	<p>To print a complete list of previews, use the <a href="#list">-list preview</a> option.</p>
				4644
				4645	<p>The default preview is <kbd>JPEG</kbd>.</p>
				4646
				4647	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4648	<h4><a name="print" id="print"></a>-print <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
				4649	</div>
				4650
				4651	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>interpret string and print to console.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4652
				4653	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4654	<h4><a name="process" id="process"></a>-process <em class="arg">command</em></h4>
				4655	</div>
				4656
				4657	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>process the image with a custom image filter.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4658
				4659	<p>The command arguments has the form <kbd>"module arg1 arg2 arg3 ... argN"</kbd> where <kbd>module</kbd> is the name of the module to invoke (e.g. "Analyze") and arg1 arg2 arg3 ... argN are an arbitrary number of arguments to pass to the process module.</p>
				4660
				4661	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4662	<h4><a name="profile" id="profile"></a>-profile <em class="arg">filename</em><br/>
				4663	+profile <em class="arg">profile_name</em></h4>
				4664	</div>
				4665
				4666	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Manage ICM, IPTC, or generic profiles in an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4667
				4668	<p>Using <a href="#profile">-profile</a> <em class="arg">filename</em> adds an ICM (ICC color management), IPTC (newswire information), or a generic profile to the image.</p>
				4669
				4670	<p>Use <a href="#profile">+profile <em class="arg">profile_name</em></a> to remove the indicated profile. ImageMagick uses standard filename globbing, so wildcard expressions may be used to remove more than one profile. Here we remove all profiles from the image except for the XMP profile: <kbd>+profile "!xmp,*"</kbd>. </p>
				4671
				4672	<p>Use <kbd>identify -verbose</kbd> to find out which profiles are in the image file. Use <a href="#strip">-strip</a> to remove all profiles (and comments).</p>
				4673
				4674	<p>To extract a profile, the <a href="#profile">-profile</a> option is not used. Instead, simply write the file to an image format such as <em class="arg">APP1, 8BImageMagick, ICM,</em> or <em class="arg">IPTC</em>.</p>
				4675
				4676	<p>For example, to extract the Exif data (which is stored in JPEG files in the <em class="arg">APP1</em> profile), use.</p>
				4677
				4678	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert cockatoo.jpg profile.exif</span></p>
				4679	<p>It is important to note that results may depend on whether or not the original image already has an included profile. Also, keep in mind that <a href="#profile">-profile</a> is an "operator" (as opposed to a "setting") and therefore a conversion is made each time it is encountered, in order, in the command-line. For instance, in the following example, if the original image is CMYK with profile, a CMYK-CMYK-RGB conversion results.</p>
				4680
				4681	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert CMYK.tif -profile "CMYK.icc" -profile "RGB.icc" RGB.tiff</span></p>
				4682	<p>Furthermore, since ICC profiles are not necessarily symmetric, extra conversion steps can yield unwanted results.
				4683	CMYK profiles are often very asymmetric since they involve 3−>4 and 4−>3 channel mapping.
				4684	</p>
				4685
				4686	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4687	<h4><a name="quality" id="quality"></a>-quality <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				4688	</div>
				4689
				4690	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4691
				4692	<p>For the JPEG and MPEG image formats, quality is 0 (lowest image quality and highest compression) to 100 (best quality but least effective compression). The default is to use the estimate quality of your input image otherwise 85. Use the <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor</a> option to specify the factors for chroma downsampling.</p>
				4693
				4694	<p>For the MIFF image format, quality/10 is the zlib compression level, which is 0 (worst but fastest compression) to 9 (best but slowest). It has no effect on the image appearance, since the compression is always lossless.</p>
				4695
				4696	<p>For the JPEG-2000 image format, quality is mapped using a non-linear equation to the compression ratio required by the Jasper library. This non-linear equation is intended to loosely approximate the quality provided by the JPEG v1 format. The default quality value 85 results in a request for 16:1 compression. The quality value 100 results in a request for non-lossy compression.</p>
				4697
				4698	<p>For the MNG and PNG image formats, the quality value sets the zlib compression level (quality / 10) and filter-type (quality % 10). Compression levels range from 0 (fastest compression) to 100 (best but slowest). For compression level 0, the Huffman-only strategy is used, which is fastest but not necessarily the worst compression.</p>
				4699
				4700	<p>If filter-type is 4 or less, the specified filter-type is used for all scanlines:</p>
				4701
				4702	<pre class="text">
				4703	0: none
				4704	1: sub
				4705	2: up
				4706	3: average
				4707	4: Paeth
				4708	</pre>
				4709
				4710	<p>If filter-type is 5, adaptive filtering is used when quality is greater than 50 and the image does not have a color map, otherwise no filtering is used.</p>
				4711
				4712	<p>If filter-type is 6, adaptive filtering with <em class="arg">minimum-sum-of-absolute-values</em> is used.</p>
				4713
				4714	<p>Only if the output is MNG, if filter-type is 7, the LOCO color transformation and adaptive filtering with <em class="arg">minimum-sum-of-absolute-values</em> are used.</p>
				4715
				4716	<p>The default is quality is 85, which means nearly the best compression with adaptive filtering. The quality setting has no effect on the appearance of PNG and MNG images, since the compression is always lossless.</p>
				4717
				4718	<p>For further information, see the <a href="http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/TR">PNG</a> specification.</p>
				4719
				4720	<p>When writing a JNG image with transparency, two quality values are required, one for the main image and one for the grayscale image that conveys the alpha channel. These are written as a single integer equal to the main image quality plus 1000 times the opacity quality. For example, if you want to use quality 85 for the main image and quality 90 to compress the opacity data, use <a href="#quality">-quality 90085</a>.</p>
				4721
				4722	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4723	<h4><a name="quantize" id="quantize"></a>-quantize <em class="arg">colorspace</em></h4>
				4724	</div>
				4725
				4726	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>reduce colors in this colorspace.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4727
				4728	<p>To print a complete list of colorspaces, use the <a href="#list">-list colorspace</a> option.</p>
				4729
				4730
				4731	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4732	<h4><a name="quiet" id="quiet"></a>-quiet</h4>
				4733	</div>
				4734
				4735	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>suppress all warning messages. Error messages are still reported.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4736
				4737	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4738	<h4><a name="radial-blur" id="radial-blur"></a>-radial-blur <em class="arg">angle</em></h4>
				4739	</div>
				4740
				4741	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Blur around the center of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4742
				4743	<p>Note that this is actually a rotational blur rather than a radial and as
				4744	such actually mis-named. </p>
				4745
				4746	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				4747	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				4748	</p>
				4749
				4750
				4751	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4752	<h4><a name="raise" id="raise"></a>-raise <em class="arg">thickness</em></h4>
				4753	</div>
				4754
				4755	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Lighten or darken image edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4756
				4757	<p>This will create a 3-D effect. Use <a href="#raise">-raise</a> to create a raised effect, otherwise use <a href="#raise">+raise</a>.
				4758	</p>
				4759
				4760	<p>Unlike the similar <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option, <a href="#raise">-raise</a> does not alter the dimensions of the image.</p>
				4761
				4762	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4763	<h4><a name="random-threshold" id="random-threshold"></a>-random-threshold <em class="arg">low</em>x<em class="arg">high</em></h4>
				4764	</div>
				4765
				4766	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a random threshold to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4767
				4768	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4769	<h4><a name="recolor" id="recolor"></a>-recolor <em class="arg">matrix</em></h4>
				4770	</div>
				4771
				4772	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Translate, scale, shear, or rotate image colors.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4773
cristy	2744bd9	2009-11-08 22:57:52 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4774	<p>Although variable-sized matrices can be used, typically one uses a 5x5 matrix for an RGBA image and a 6x6 for CMYKA. Populate the last row with normalized values to translate. The translation matrix is similar to that used by Adobe
				4775	Flash except that the offset is scaled to 1.0 (divide Flash offset by 255).</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4776
				4777	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4778	<h4><a name="red-primary" id="red-primary"></a>-red-primary <em class="arg">x,y</em></h4>
				4779	</div>
				4780
				4781	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the red chromaticity primary point.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4782
				4783	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4784	<h4><a name="regard-warnings" id="regard-warnings"></a>-regard-warnings</h4>
				4785	</div>
				4786
				4787	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Pay attention to warning messages.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4788
				4789	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4790	<h4><a name="remap" id="remap"></a>-remap <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
				4791	</div>
				4792
				4793	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Reduce the number of colors in an image to the colors used by this image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4794
				4795	<p>If the <a href="#dither">-dither</a> setting is enabled (the default) then
				4796	the given colors are dithered over the image as necessary, otherwise the closest
				4797	color (in RGB colorspace) is selected to replace that pixel in the image. </p>
				4798
				4799	<p>As a side effect of applying a <a href="#remap">-remap</a> of colors across all
				4800	images in the current image sequence, all the images will have the same color
				4801	table. That means that when saved to a file format such as GIF, it will use
				4802	that color table as a single common or global color table, for all the images,
				4803	without requiring extra local color tables. </p>
				4804
				4805	<p>Use <a href="#remap">+remap</a> to reduce all images in the current image
				4806	sequence to use a common color map over all the images. This equivalent to
				4807	appending all the images together (without extra background colors) and color
				4808	reducing those images using <a href="#colors">-colors</a> with a 256 color
				4809	limit, then <a href="#remap">-remap</a> those colors over the original list of
				4810	images. This ensures all the images follow a single color map. </p>
				4811
				4812	<p>If the number of colors over all the images is less than 256, then <a
				4813	href="#remap">+remap</a> should not perform any color reduction or dithering, as
				4814	no color changes are needed. In that case, its only effect is to force the use
				4815	of a global color table. This recommended after using either <a
				4816	href="#colors">-colors</a> or <a href="#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a> to
				4817	reduce the number of colors in an animated image sequence. </p>
				4818
				4819	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4820	<h4><a name="region" id="region"></a>-region <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				4821	</div>
				4822
				4823	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a region in which subsequent operations apply.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4824
				4825	<p>The <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> offsets are treated in the same manner as in <a href="#crop">-crop</a>.</p>
				4826
				4827	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				4828
				4829	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4830	<h4><a name="remote" id="remote"></a>-remote</h4>
				4831	</div>
				4832
				4833	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>perform a remote operation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4834
				4835	<p>The only command recognized is the name of an image file to load.</p>
				4836
				4837	<p>If you have more than one <a href="../www/display.html">display</a> application running simultaneously, use the <a href="#window"> window</a> option to specify which application to control.</p>
				4838
				4839	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4840	<h4><a name="render" id="render"></a>-render</h4>
				4841	</div>
				4842
				4843	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>render vector operations.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4844
				4845	<p>Use <a href="#render">+render</a> to turn off rendering vector operations. This useful when saving the result to vector formats such as MVG or SVG.</p>
				4846
				4847	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4848	<h4><a name="repage" id="repage"></a>-repage <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				4849	</div>
				4850
				4851	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adjust the canvas and offset information of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4852
				4853	<p>This option is like <a href="#page">-page</a> but acts as an image operator
				4854	rather than a setting. You can separately set the canvas size or the offset
				4855	of the image on that canvas by only providing those components. </p>
				4856
				4857	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				4858
				4859	<p>If a <kbd>!</kbd> flag is given the offset given is added to the existing
				4860	offset to move the image relative to its previous position. This useful for
				4861	animation sequences. </p>
				4862
				4863	<p>A given a canvas size of zero such as '<kbd>0x0</kbd>' forces it to
				4864	recalculate the canvas size so the image (at its current offset) will appear
				4865	completely on that canvas (unless it has a negative offset).</p>
				4866
				4867	<p>Use <a href="#repage">+repage</a> to completely remove/reset the virtual
				4868	canvas meta-data from the images. </p>
				4869
				4870	<p>The <a href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd>page</kbd>' option can be used to
				4871	directly assign virtual canvas meta-data. </p>
				4872
				4873
				4874	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4875	<h4><a name="resample" id="resample"></a>-resample <em class="arg">horizontal</em>x<em class="arg">vertical</em></h4>
				4876	</div>
				4877
				4878	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Resample image to specified horizontal and vertical resolution.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4879
				4880	<p>Resize the image so that its rendered size remains the same as the original at the specified target resolution. For example, if a 300 DPI image renders at 3 inches by 2 inches on a 300 DPI device, when the image has been resampled to 72 DPI, it will render at 3 inches by 2 inches on a 72 DPI device. Note that only a small number of image formats (e.g. JPEG, PNG, and TIFF) are capable of storing the image resolution. For formats which do not support an image resolution, the original resolution of the image must be specified via <a href="#density">-density</a> on the command line prior to specifying the resample resolution.</p>
				4881
				4882	<p>Note that Photoshop stores and obtains image resolution from a proprietary embedded profile. If this profile exists in the image, then Photoshop will continue to treat the image using its former resolution, ignoring the image resolution specified in the standard file header.</p>
				4883
				4884	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4885	<h4><a name="resize" id="resize"></a>-resize <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				4886	</div>
				4887
				4888	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Resize an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4889
				4890	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are ignored, and the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
				4891
				4892	<p>If the <a href="#filter">-filter</a> option precedes the <a href="#resize">-resize</a> option, the image is resized with the specified filter.</p>
				4893
cristy	1353896	2010-02-26 17:53:04 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4894	<p>Many image processing algorithms assume your image is in a linear-light coding. If your image is gamma-corrected, you can remove the nonlinear gamma correction, apply the transform, then restore it like this:</p>
				4895
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4896	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert portrait.jpg -gamma .45455 -resize 25% -gamma 2.2 \ <br/> -quality 92 passport.jpg</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4897	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4898	<h4><a name="respect-parentheses" id="respect-parentheses"></a>-respect-parentheses</h4>
				4899	</div>
				4900
				4901	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>settings remain in effect until parenthesis boundary.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4902
				4903	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4904	<h4><a name="reverse" id="reverse"></a>-reverse</h4>
				4905	</div>
				4906
				4907	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Reverse the order of images in the current image list.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4908
				4909
				4910	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4911	<h4><a name="roll" id="roll"></a>-roll {<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em></h4>
				4912	</div>
				4913
				4914	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>roll an image vertically or horizontally by the amount given.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4915
				4916	<p>A negative <em class="arg">x</em> offset rolls the image left-to-right. A negative <em class="arg">y</em> offset rolls the image top-to-bottom.</p>
				4917
				4918
				4919	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4920	<h4><a name="rotate" id="rotate"></a>-rotate <em class="arg">degrees</em>{<em class="arg"><</em>}{<em class="arg">></em>}</h4>
				4921	</div>
				4922
				4923	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply Paeth image rotation (using shear operations) to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4924
				4925	<p>Use <kbd>></kbd> to rotate the image only if its width exceeds the height. <kbd><</kbd> rotates the image <em>only</em> if its width is less than the height. For example, if you specify <kbd>-rotate "-90>"</kbd> and the image size is 480x640, the image is not rotated. However, if the image is 640x480, it is rotated by -90 degrees. If you use <kbd>></kbd> or <kbd><</kbd>, enclose it in quotation marks to prevent it from being misinterpreted as a file redirection.</p>
				4926
				4927	<p>Empty triangles in the corners, left over from rotating the image, are
				4928	filled with the <kbd>background</kbd> color. </p>
				4929
				4930	<p>See also the <a href="#distort">-distort</a> operator and specifically the
				4931	'<kbd>ScaleRotateTranslate</kbd>' distort method. </p>
				4932
				4933
				4934	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4935	<h4><a name="sample" id="sample"></a>-sample <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				4936	</div>
				4937
				4938	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>scale image using pixel sampling.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4939
				4940	<p><a href="#sample">-sample</a> ignores the current <a href="#resize">-resize</a> <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting. The results are equivalent to using <a href="#resize">-resize</a> with a <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting of <kbd>point</kbd>, though <a href="#sample">-sample</a> is a lot faster. </p>
				4941
				4942	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are ignored, and the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
				4943
				4944
				4945	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4946	<h4><a name="sampling-factor" id="sampling-factor"></a>-sampling-factor <em class="arg">horizontal-factor</em>x<em class="arg">vertical-factor</em></h4>
				4947	</div>
				4948
				4949	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>sampling factors used by JPEG or MPEG-2 encoder and YUV decoder/encoder.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4950
				4951	<p>This option specifies the sampling factors to be used by the JPEG encoder for chroma downsampling. If this option is omitted, the JPEG library will use its own default values. When reading or writing the YUV format and when writing the M2V (MPEG-2) format, use <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor 2x1</a> or <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor 4:2:2</a> to specify the 4:2:2 downsampling method.</p>
				4952
				4953	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4954	<h4><a name="scale" id="scale"></a>-scale <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				4955	</div>
				4956
				4957	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>scale the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4958
				4959	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <a href="#scale">-scale</a> option uses a simpler, faster algorithm than <a href="#resize">-resize</a>, and it ignores the <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting if one is present. Offsets, if present in the <em class="arg">geometry</em> string, are ignored, and the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
				4960
				4961	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4962	<h4><a name="scene" id="scene"></a>-scene <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				4963	</div>
				4964
				4965	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set scene number.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4966
				4967	<p>This option sets the scene number of an image or the first image in an image sequence.</p>
				4968
				4969	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4970	<h4><a name="screen" id="screen"></a>-screen</h4>
				4971	</div>
				4972
				4973	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the screen to capture.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4974
				4975	<p>This option indicates that the GetImage request used to obtain the image should be done on the root window, rather than directly on the specified window. In this way, you can obtain pieces of other windows that overlap the specified window, and more importantly, you can capture menus or other popups that are independent windows but appear over the specified window.</p>
				4976
				4977	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4978	<h4><a name="seed" id="seed"></a>-seed</h4>
				4979	</div>
				4980
				4981	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>seed a new sequence of pseudo-random numbers</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4982
				4983	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4984	<h4><a name="segment" id="segment"></a>-segment <em class="arg">cluster-threshold</em>x<em class="arg">smoothing-threshold</em></h4>
				4985	</div>
				4986
				4987	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>segment the colors of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4988
				4989	<p>Segment an image by analyzing the histograms of the color components and identifying units that are homogeneous with the fuzzy c-means technique. This is part of the ImageMagick color quantization routines. </p>
				4990
				4991	<p>Specify <em class="arg">cluster threshold</em> as the number of pixels in each cluster that must exceed the cluster threshold to be considered valid. <em class="arg">Smoothing threshold</em> eliminates noise in the second derivative of the histogram. As the value is increased, you can expect a smoother second derivative. The default is 1.5.</p>
				4992
				4993	<p>If the <a href="#verbose">-verbose</a> setting is defined, a detailed report
				4994	of the color clusters is returned.</p>
				4995
				4996
				4997	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4998	<h4><a name="selective-blur" id="selective-blur"></a>-selective-blur <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				4999	</div>
				5000
				5001	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Selectively blur pixels within a contrast threshold.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5002
				5003	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5004	<h4><a name="separate" id="separate"></a>-separate</h4>
				5005	</div>
				5006
				5007	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>separate an image channel into a grayscale image. Specify the channel with <a href="#channel">-channel</a>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5008
				5009	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5010	<h4><a name="sepia-tone" id="sepia-tone"></a>-sepia-tone <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
				5011	</div>
				5012
				5013	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate a sepia-toned photo.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5014
				5015	<p>Specify <em class="arg">threshold</em> as the percent threshold of the intensity (0 - 99.9%).</p>
				5016
				5017	<p>This option applies a special effect to the image, similar to the effect achieved in a photo darkroom by sepia toning. Threshold ranges from 0 to <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> and is a measure of the extent of the sepia toning. A threshold of 80% is a good starting point for a reasonable tone.</p>
				5018
				5019	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5020	<h4><a name="set" id="set"></a>-set <em class="arg">attribute value</em></h4>
				5021	</div>
				5022
				5023	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set an image attribute for all images in the current image sequence, after they have been created or read in. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5024
				5025	<p>Attributes of interest include <a href="#comment">-comment</a>, <a href="#delay">-delay</a>, <a href="#dispose">-dispose</a>, and <a href="#page">-page</a>. For example:</p>
				5026
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5027	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set comment 'Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose' \ <br/> rose.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>identify -format %c rose.png</span><span class='crtout'>Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5028	<p>The <a href="#repage">-repage</a> operator will also set the
				5029	'<kbd>page</kbd>' attribute of images already in memory, but allows you to
				5030	separately set the virtual canvas's size and offset components, and also allows
				5031	relative offset changes, and automatic canvas size re-calculating. The above
				5032	<a href="#set">-set</a> option is purely a direct, unmodified assignment of the
				5033	virtual canvas (page) meta-data. </p>
				5034
				5035	<p>Set image options by prefixing the value with <kbd>option:</kbd>. Set attributes of the image registry by prefixing the value with <kbd>registry:</kbd>.</p>
				5036
				5037	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5038	<h4><a name="shade" id="shade"></a>-shade <em class="arg">azimuth</em>x<em class="arg">elevation</em></h4>
				5039	</div>
				5040
				5041	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>shade the image using a distant light source.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5042
				5043	<p>Specify <em class="arg">azimuth</em> and <em class="arg">elevation</em> as the position of the light source. Use <a href="#shade">+shade</a> to return the shading results as a grayscale image.</p>
				5044
				5045	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5046	<h4><a name="shadow" id="shadow"></a>-shadow <em class="arg">percent-opacity</em>{x<em class="arg">sigma</em>}{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
				5047	</div>
				5048
				5049	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate an image shadow.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5050
				5051	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5052	<h4><a name="shared-memory"
				5053	id="shared-memory"></a>-shared-memory</h4>
				5054	</div>
				5055
				5056	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>use shared memory.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5057
				5058	<p>This option specifies whether the utility should attempt to use shared memory for pixmaps. ImageMagick must be compiled with shared memory support, and the display must support the <em class="arg">MIT-SHM</em> extension. Otherwise, this option is ignored. The default is <kbd>True</kbd>.</p>
				5059
				5060	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5061	<h4><a name="sharpen" id="sharpen"></a>-sharpen <em class="arg">radius</em>{x<em class="arg">sigma</em>}</h4>
				5062	</div>
				5063
				5064	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>sharpen the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5065
				5066	<p>Use a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma).</p>
				5067
				5068	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5069	<h4><a name="shave" id="shave"></a>-shave <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				5070	</div>
				5071
				5072	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Shave pixels from the image edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5073
				5074	<p>The <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument specifies the width of the region to be removed from both sides of the image and the height of the regions to be removed from top and bottom. Offsets are ignored.</p>
				5075
				5076	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				5077
				5078	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5079	<h4><a name="shear" id="shear"></a>-shear <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em>[x<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em>]</h4>
				5080	</div>
				5081
				5082	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Shear the image along the x-axis and/or y-axis.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5083
				5084	<p>The shear angles may be positive, negative, or zero. When <em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> is omitted it defaults to 0. When both angles are given, the horizontal component of the shear is performed before the vertical component.</p>
				5085
				5086	<p>Shearing slides one edge of an image along the x-axis or y-axis (i.e., horizontally or vertically, respectively),creating a parallelogram. The amount of each is controlled by the respective shear angle. For horizontal shears, <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em> is measured clockwise relative to "up" (the negative y-axis), sliding the top edge to the right when 0°<<em class="arg">Xdegrees</em><90° and to the left when 90°<<em class="arg">Xdegrees</em><180°. For vertical shears <em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> is measured clockwise relative to "right" (the positive x-axis), sliding the right edge down when 0°<<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em><90° and up when 90°<<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em><180°.</p>
				5087
				5088	<p>Empty triangles left over from shearing the image are filled with the color defined by the <a href="#fill">-background</a> option. The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				5089
				5090	<p>The horizontal shear is performed before the vertical part. This is important to note, since horizontal and vertical shears do not <em>commute</em>, i.e., the order matters in a sequence of shears. For example, the following two commands are not equivalent.</p>
				5091
				5092	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -shear 20x0 -shear 0x60 logo-sheared.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -shear 0x60 -shear 20x0 logo-sheared.png</span></p>
				5093	<p>The first of the two commands above is equivalent to the following, except for the amount of empty space created; the command that follows generates a smaller image, and so is a better choice in terms of time and space.</p>
				5094
				5095	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -shear 20x60 logo-sheared.png</span></p>
				5096	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5097	<h4><a name="sigmoidal" id="sigmoidal-contrast"></a>-sigmoidal-contrast <em class="arg">contrast</em>x<em class="arg">mid-point</em></h4>
				5098	</div>
				5099
				5100	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>increase the contrast without saturating highlights or shadows.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5101
				5102	<p>Increase the contrast of the image using a sigmoidal transfer function without saturating highlights or shadows. <em class="arg">Contrast</em> indicates how much to increase the contrast (0 is none; 3 is typical; 20 is a lot); <em class="arg">mid-point</em> indicates where midtones fall in the resultant image (0 is white; 50% is middle-gray; 100% is black). By default the image contrast is increased, use <em class="arg">+sigmoidal-contrast</em> to decrease the contrast.</p>
				5103
				5104	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5105	<h4><a name="silent" id="silent"></a>-silent</h4>
				5106	</div>
				5107
				5108	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>operate silently.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5109
				5110	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5111	<h4><a name="size" id="size"></a>-size <em class="arg">width</em>[x<em class="arg">height</em>][<em class="arg">+offset</em>]</h4>
				5112	</div>
				5113
				5114	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the width and height of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5115
				5116	<p>Use this option to specify the width and height of raw images whose dimensions are unknown such as <kbd>GRAY</kbd>, <kbd>RGB</kbd>, or <kbd>CMYK</kbd>. In addition to width and height, use <a href="#size">-size</a> with an offset to skip any header information in the image or tell the number of colors in a <kbd>MAP</kbd> image file, (e.g. -size 640x512+256).</p>
				5117
				5118	<p>For Photo CD images, choose from these sizes:</p>
				5119
				5120	<pre class="text">
				5121	192x128
				5122	384x256
				5123	768x512
				5124	1536x1024
				5125	3072x2048
				5126	</pre>
				5127
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5128	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5129	<h4><a name="sketch" id="sketch"></a>-sketch <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-sketch <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>+<em class="arg">angle</em></h4>
				5130	</div>
				5131
				5132	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate a pencil sketch.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5133
				5134	<p>Sketch with the given radius, standard deviation (sigma), and angle. The angle given is the angle toward which the image is sketched. That is the direction people would consider the object is coming from. </p>
				5135
				5136	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5137	<h4><a name="snaps" id="snaps"></a>-snaps <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				5138	</div>
				5139
				5140	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the number of screen snapshots.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/import.html">import</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5141
				5142	<p>Use this option to grab more than one image from the X server screen, to create an animation sequence.</p>
				5143
				5144	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5145	<h4><a name="solarize" id="solarize"></a>-solarize <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
				5146	</div>
				5147
				5148	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>negate all pixels above the threshold level.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5149
				5150	<p>Specify <em class="arg">factor</em> as the percent threshold of the intensity (0 - 99.9%).</p>
				5151
				5152	<p>This option produces a <em class="arg">solarization</em> effect seen when exposing a photographic film to light during the development process.</p>
				5153
				5154	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5155	<h4><a name="sparse-color" id="sparse-color"></a>-sparse-color <em
				5156	class="arg">method</em> '<em class="arg">x</em>,<em class="arg">y</em> <em class="arg">color</em> ...'</h4>
				5157	</div>
				5158
				5159	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'> color the given image using the specified points of color, and filling the other intervening colors using the given methods. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5160
				5161
				5162	<table class="doc">
				5163	<tbody>
				5164	<tr valign="top">
				5165	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				5166	<th align="left">Description</th>
				5167	</tr>
				5168
				5169	<tr valign="top">
				5170	<td valign="top">voronoi</td>
				5171	<td valign="top">Simply map each pixel to the to nearest color point
				5172	given. The result are polygonal 'cells' of solid color. </td>
				5173	</tr>
				5174
				5175	<tr valign="top">
				5176	<td valign="top">shepards</td>
				5177	<td valign="top">Colors points basied on the ratio of inverse distance
				5178	squared. Generating spots of color in a sea of the average of
				5179	colors. </td>
				5180	</tr>
				5181
				5182	<tr valign="top">
				5183	<td valign="top">barycentric</td>
				5184	<td valign="top">three point triangle of color given 3 points.
				5185	Giving only 2 points will form a linear gradient between those points.
				5186	Gradient is however not restricted to just the triangle or line. </td>
				5187	</tr>
				5188
				5189	<tr valign="top">
				5190	<td valign="top">bilinear</td>
				5191	<td valign="top">Like barycentric but for 4 points. Less than 4 points
				5192	fall back to barycentric. </td>
				5193	</tr>
				5194
				5195	</tbody>
				5196	</table>
				5197
				5198	<p>The points are placed according to the images location on the virtual
				5199	canvas (<a href="#page" >-page</a> or <a href="#repage" >-repage</a>
				5200	offset), and do not actually have to exist on the given image, but may be
				5201	some point beyond the edge of the image. All points are floating point values.
				5202	</p>
				5203
				5204	<p>Only the color channels defined by the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> are
				5205	modified, whcih means the matte/alpha transparency channel is not effected by
				5206	default. If enabled, the image also needs a the matte/alpha channel to be
				5207	enabled for this operator to effect an images transparency. This is typical
				5208	transparency handling for images. </p>
				5209
				5210	<p>All the above methods when given a single point of color will replace all
				5211	the colors in the image with the color given, regardless of the point. This is
				5212	logical, and provides an alternative technique to recolor a image to some
				5213	default value. </p>
				5214
				5215
				5216	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5217	<h4><a name="splice" id="splice"></a>-splice <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				5218	</div>
				5219
				5220	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Splice the current background color into the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5221
				5222	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. See <a href="#background">-background</a> to reset the background color.</p>
				5223
				5224	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5225	<h4><a name="spread" id="spread"></a>-spread <em class="arg">amount</em></h4>
				5226	</div>
				5227
				5228	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>displace image pixels by a random amount.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5229
				5230	<p>The argument <em class="arg">amount</em> defines the size of the neighborhood around each pixel from which to choose a candidate pixel to swap.</p>
				5231
				5232	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5233	<h4><a name="stegano" id="stegano"></a>-stegano <em class="arg">offset</em></h4>
				5234	</div>
				5235
				5236	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>hide watermark within an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5237
				5238	<p>Use an offset to start the image hiding some number of pixels from the beginning of the image. Note this offset and the image size. You will need this information to recover the steganographic image (e.g. display -size 320x256+35 stegano:image.png).</p>
				5239
				5240	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5241	<h4><a name="stereo" id="stereo"></a>-stereo <em class="arg">+x</em>{<em class="arg">+y</em>}</h4>
				5242	</div>
				5243
				5244	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>composite two images to create a stereo anaglyph.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5245
				5246	<p>The left side of the stereo pair is saved as the red channel of the output image. The right side is saved as the green channel. Red-green stereo glasses are required to properly view the stereo image.</p>
				5247
				5248	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5249	<h4><a name="storage-type" id="storage-type"></a>-storage-type <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				5250	</div>
				5251
				5252	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>pixel storage type. Here are the valid types:</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5253
				5254	<pre class="text">
				5255	char store pixels as unsigned characters
				5256	double store pixels as doubles
				5257	float store pixels as floats
				5258	integer store pixels as integers
				5259	long store pixels as longs
				5260	quantum store pixels in the native depth of your ImageMagick distribution
				5261	short store pixels as unsigned shorts
				5262	</pre>
				5263
				5264	<p>Float and double types are normalized from 0.0 to 1.0 otherwise the pixels
				5265	values range from 0 to the maximum value the storage type can support.</p>
				5266
				5267	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5268	<h4><a name="stretch" id="stretch"></a>-stretch <em class="arg">fontStretch</em></h4>
				5269	</div>
				5270
				5271	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a type of stretch style for fonts.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5272
				5273	<p>This setting suggests a type of stretch that ImageMagick should try to apply to the currently selected font family. Select <em class="arg">fontStretch</em> from the following.</p>
				5274
				5275	<pre class="text">
				5276	Any
				5277	Condensed
				5278	Expanded
				5279	ExtraCondensed
				5280	ExtraExpanded
				5281	Normal
				5282	SemiCondensed
				5283	SemiExpanded
				5284	UltraCondensed
				5285	UltraExpanded
				5286	</pre>
				5287
				5288	<p>To print a complete list of stretch types, use <a href="#list">-list stretch</a>.</p>
				5289
				5290	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#style">-style</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
				5291
				5292	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5293	<h4><a name="strip" id="strip"></a>-strip</h4>
				5294	</div>
				5295
				5296	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>strip the image of any profiles or comments.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5297
				5298	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5299	<h4><a name="stroke" id="stroke"></a>-stroke <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				5300	</div>
				5301
				5302	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>color to use when stroking a graphic primitive.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5303
				5304	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				5305
				5306	<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				5307
				5308	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5309	<h4><a name="strokewidth" id="strokewidth"></a>-strokewidth <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				5310	</div>
				5311
				5312	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the stroke width.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5313
				5314	<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				5315
				5316	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5317	<h4><a name="style" id="style"></a>-style <em class="arg">fontStyle</em></h4>
				5318	</div>
				5319
				5320	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a font style for text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5321
				5322	<p>This setting suggests a font style that ImageMagick should try to apply to the currently selected font family. Select <em class="arg">fontStyle</em> from the following.</p>
				5323
				5324	<pre class="text">
				5325	Any
				5326	Italic
				5327	Normal
				5328	Oblique
				5329	</pre>
				5330
				5331	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
				5332
				5333	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5334	<h4><a name="swap" id="swap"></a>-swap <em class="arg">index,index</em></h4>
				5335	</div>
				5336
				5337	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Swap the positions of two images in the image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5338
				5339	<p>For example, <a href="#swap">-swap 0,2</a> swaps the first and the third images in the current image sequence. Use <a href="#swap">+swap</a> to switch the last two images in the sequence.</p>
				5340
				5341	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5342	<h4><a name="swirl" id="swirl"></a>-swirl <em class="arg">degrees</em></h4>
				5343	</div>
				5344
				5345	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>swirl image pixels about the center.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5346
				5347	<p><em class="arg">Degrees</em> defines the tightness of the swirl.</p>
				5348
				5349	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5350	<h4><a name="taint" id="taint"></a>-taint</h4>
				5351	</div>
				5352
				5353	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mark the image as modified even if it isn't.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5354
				5355	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5356	<h4><a name="text-font" id="text-font"></a>-text-font <em class="arg">name</em></h4>
				5357	</div>
				5358
				5359	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>font for writing fixed-width text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5360
				5361	<p>Specifies the name of the preferred font to use in fixed (typewriter style) formatted text. The default is 14 point <em class="arg">Courier</em>.</p>
				5362
				5363	<p>You can tag a font to specify whether it is a PostScript, TrueType, or OPTION1 font. For example, <kbd>Courier.ttf</kbd> is a TrueType font and <kbd>x:fixed</kbd> is OPTION1.</p>
				5364
				5365	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5366	<h4><a name="texture" id="texture"></a>-texture <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
				5367	</div>
				5368
				5369	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>name of texture to tile onto the image background.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5370
				5371	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5372	<h4><a name="threshold" id="threshold"></a>-threshold <em class="arg">value</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
				5373	</div>
				5374
				5375	<!-- {<em class="arg">green,blue,opacity</em>}
				5376	<p>If the green or blue value is omitted, these channels use the same value as the first one provided. If all three color values are the same, the result is a bi-level image. If the opacity threshold is omitted, OpaqueOpacity is used and any partially transparent pixel becomes fully transparent.</p>
				5377	-->
				5378
				5379	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply simultaneous black/white threshold to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5380
				5381	<p>Any pixel values (more specifically, those channels set using <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a>) that exceed the specified threshold are reassigned the maximum channel value, while all other values are assigned the minimum.</p>
				5382
				5383	<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer value corresponding to the desired channel value. When given as an integer, the minimum attainable value is 0 (corresponding to black when all channels are affected), but the maximum value (corresponding to white) is that of the <kbd>quantum depth</kbd> of the particular build of ImageMagick, and is therefore dependent on the installation. For that reason, a reasonable recommendation for most applications is to specify the threshold values as a percentage.
				5384	</p>
				5385
				5386	<p> The following would force pixels with red values above 50% to have 100% red values, while those at or below 50% red would be set to 0 in the red channel. The green, blue, and alpha channels (if present) would be unchanged. </p>
				5387
				5388	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -channel red -threshold 50% out.png</span></p>
				5389	<p>As (possibly) impractical but instructive examples, the following would generate an all-black and an all-white image with the same dimensions as the input image.</p>
				5390
				5391
				5392	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -threshold 100% black.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -threshold -1 white.png</span></p>
				5393	<p>Note that the values of the transparency channel is treated as 'matte'
				5394	values (0 is opaque) and not as 'alpha' values (0 is transparent).</p>
				5395
				5396	<p> See also <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#black-threshold">‑black‑threshold</a> and <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#white-threshold">‑white‑threshold</a>.
				5397	</p>
				5398
				5399	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5400	<h4><a name="thumbnail" id="thumbnail"></a>-thumbnail <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				5401	</div>
				5402
				5403	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Create a thumbnail of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5404
				5405	<p>This is similar to <a href="#resize">-resize</a>, except it is optimized for speed and any image profile, other than a color profile, is removed to reduce the thumbnail size. To strip the color profiles as well, add <a href="#strip">-strip</a> just before of after this option.</p>
				5406
				5407	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				5408
				5409	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5410	<h4><a name="tile" id="tile"></a>-tile <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
				5411	</div>
				5412
				5413	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the tile image used for filling a subsequent graphic primitive.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5414
				5415	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5416	<h4>-tile <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				5417	</div>
				5418
				5419	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify the layout of images .</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5420
				5421	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				5422
				5423	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5424	<h4>-tile</h4>
				5425	</div>
				5426
				5427	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specifies that a subsequent composite operation is repeated across and down image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5428
				5429	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5430	<h4><a name="tile-offset" id="tile-offset"></a>-tile-offset {<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em></h4>
				5431	</div>
				5432
				5433	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify the offset for tile images, relative to the background image it is tiled on.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5434
				5435	<p>This should be set before the tiling image is set by <a href="#tile" >-tile</a> or <a href="#texture" >-texture</a>, or directly applied for creating a tiled canvas using <kbd>TILE:</kbd> or <kbd>PATTERN:</kbd> input formats. </p>
				5436
				5437	<p>Internally ImageMagick does a <a href="#roll" >-roll</a> of the tile image by the arguments given when the tile image is set. </p>
				5438
				5439	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5440	<h4><a name="tint" id="tint"></a>-tint <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				5441	</div>
				5442
				5443	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Tint the image with the fill color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5444
				5445	<p>Tint the image with the fill color.</p>
				5446
				5447	<p>Specify the amount of tinting as a percentage. Pure colors like black, white red, yellow, will not be affected by -tint. Only mid-range colors such as the various shades of grey.</p>
				5448
				5449	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5450	<h4><a name="title" id="title"></a>-title <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
				5451	</div>
				5452
				5453	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Assign a title to displayed image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>, <a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5454
				5455	<p>Use this option to assign a specific title to the image. This assigned to the image window and is typically displayed in the window title bar. Optionally you can include the image filename, type, width, height, Exif data, or other image attribute by embedding special format characters described under the <a href="#format">-format</a> option.</p>
				5456
				5457	<p>For example,</p>
				5458
				5459	<p class="crtsnip">
				5460	-title "%m:%f %wx%h"
				5461	</p>
				5462
				5463	<p>produces an image title of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> for an image titled <kbd>bird.miff</kbd> and whose width is 512 and height is 480.</p>
				5464
				5465
				5466	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5467	<h4><a name="transform" id="transform"></a>-transform</h4>
				5468	</div>
				5469
				5470	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>transform the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5471
				5472	<p>This option applies the transformation matrix from a previous <a href="#affine">-affine</a> option.</p>
				5473
				5474	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -affine 2,2,-2,2,0,0 -transform bird.ppm bird.jpg</span></p>
				5475	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5476	<h4><a name="transparent" id="transparent"></a>-transparent <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				5477	</div>
				5478
				5479	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Make this color transparent within the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5480
				5481	<p>The <em class="arg">color</em> argument is defined using the format
				5482	described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option. The <a href="#fuzz"
				5483	>-fuzz</a> setting can be used to match and replace colors similar to the one
				5484	given. </p>
				5485
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	5486	<p>Use <a href="#transparent" >+transparent</a> to invert the pixels matched.
				5487	that is make all non-matching colors transparent. </p>
				5488
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5489	<p>The <a href="#opaque">-opaque</a> operator is exactly the same as <a
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	5490	href="#transparent" >-transparent</a> but replaces the matching color with the
				5491	current <a href="#fill">-fill</a> color setting, rather than transparent.
				5492	However the <a href="#transparent" >-transparent</a> operator also ensures
				5493	that the image has an alpha channel enabled, as per "<kbd><a href="#alpha"
				5494	>-alpha</a> set</kbd>", and does not require you to modify the <a
				5495	href="#channel">-channel</a> to enable alpha channel handling. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5496
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	5497	<p>Note that this does not define the color as being the 'transparency color'
				5498	used for color-mapped image formats, such as GIF. For that use <a
				5499	href="#transparent-color" >-transparent-color</a> </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5500
				5501
				5502	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5503	<h4><a name="transparent-color" id="transparent-color"></a>-transparent-color <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				5504	</div>
				5505
				5506	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the transparent color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5507
				5508	<p>Sometimes this is used for saving to image formats such as
				5509	GIF and PNG8 which uses this color to represent boolean transparency. This
				5510	does not make a color transparent, it only defines what color the transparent
				5511	color is in the color palette of the saved image. Use <a
				5512	href="#transparent">-transparent</a> to make an opaque color transparent.</p>
				5513
				5514	<p>This option allows you to have both an opaque visible color, as well as a
				5515	transparent color of the same color value without conflict. That is, you can
				5516	use the same color for both the transparent and opaque color areas within an
				5517	image. This, in turn, frees to you to select a transparent color that is
				5518	appropriate when an image is displayed by an application that does not handle a
				5519	transparent color index, while allowing ImageMagick to correctly handle images of this
				5520	type. </p>
				5521
				5522	<p>The default transparent color is <kbd>#00000000</kbd>, which is fully transparent black.</p>
				5523
				5524	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5525	<h4><a name="transpose" id="transpose"></a>-transpose</h4>
				5526	</div>
				5527
				5528	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mirror the image along the top-left to bottom-right diagonal.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5529
				5530	<p> This option mathematically transposes the pixel array. It is equivalent to the sequence <kbd>-flip -rotate 90</kbd>.
				5531	</p>
				5532
				5533	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5534	<h4><a name="transverse" id="transverse"></a>-transverse</h4>
				5535	</div>
				5536
				5537	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mirror the image along the images bottom-left top-right diagonal. Equivalent to the operations <kbd>-flop -rotate 90</kbd>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5538
				5539
				5540	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5541	<h4><a name="treedepth" id="treedepth"></a>-treedepth <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				5542	</div>
				5543
				5544	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>tree depth for the color reduction algorithm.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5545
				5546	<p>Normally, this integer value is zero or one. A value of zero or one causes the use of an optimal tree depth for the color reduction algorithm.</p>
				5547
				5548	<p>An optimal depth generally allows the best representation of the source image with the fastest computational speed and the least amount of memory. However, the default depth is inappropriate for some images. To assure the best representation, try values between 2 and 8 for this parameter. Refer to the <a href="../www/quantize.html">color reduction algorithm</a> for more details.</p>
				5549
				5550	<p>The <a href="#colors">-colors</a> or <a href="#monochrome">-monochrome</a> option, or writing to an image format which requires color reduction, is required for this option to take effect.</p>
				5551
				5552	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5553	<h4><a name="trim" id="trim"></a>-trim</h4>
				5554	</div>
				5555
				5556	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>trim an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5557
				5558	<p>This option removes any edges that are exactly the same color as the corner pixels. Use <a href="#fuzz">-fuzz</a> to make <a href="#trim">-trim</a> remove edges that are nearly the same color as the corner pixels.</p>
				5559
				5560	<p>The page or virtual canvas information of the image is preserved allowing
				5561	you to extract the result of the <a href="#trim">-trim</a> operation from the
				5562	image. Use a <a href="#repage">+repage</a> to remove the virtual canvas page
				5563	information if it is unwanted.</p>
				5564
				5565	<p>If the trimmed image 'disappears' an warning is produced, and a special
				5566	single pixel transparent 'missed' image is returned, in the same way as when a
				5567	<a href="#crop">-crop</a> operation 'misses' the image proper. </p>
				5568
				5569
				5570	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5571	<h4><a name="type" id="type"></a>-type <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				5572	</div>
				5573
				5574	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the image type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5575	<p>Choose from: <kbd>Bilevel</kbd>, <kbd>Grayscale</kbd>, <kbd>GrayscaleMatte</kbd>, <kbd>Palette</kbd>, <kbd>PaletteMatte</kbd>, <kbd>TrueColor</kbd>, <kbd>TrueColorMatte</kbd>, <kbd>ColorSeparation</kbd>, <kbd>ColorSeparationMatte</kbd>, or <kbd>Optimize</kbd>.</p>
				5576
				5577	<p>Normally, when a format supports different subformats such as grayscale and truecolor, the encoder will try to choose an efficient subformat. The <a href="#type">-type</a> option can be used to overrride this behavior. For example, to prevent a JPEG from being written in grayscale format even though only gray pixels are present, use.</p>
				5578
				5579	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert bird.png -type TrueColor bird.jpg</span></p>
				5580	<p>Similarly, use <a href="#type">-type TrueColorMatte</a> to force the encoder to write an alpha channel even though the image is opaque, if the output format supports transparency.</p>
				5581
				5582	<p>Use <a href="#type">-type optimize</a> to ensure the image is written in the smallest possible file size.</p>
				5583
				5584	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5585	<h4><a name="undercolor" id="undercolor"></a>-undercolor <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				5586	</div>
				5587
				5588	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the color of the annotation bounding box.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5589
				5590	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				5591
				5592	<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				5593
				5594
				5595	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5596	<h4><a name="update" id="update"></a>-update <em class="arg">seconds</em></h4>
				5597	</div>
				5598
				5599	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>detect when image file is modified and redisplay.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5600
				5601	<p>Suppose that while you are displaying an image the file that is currently displayed is over-written. <kbd>display</kbd> will automagically detect that the input file has been changed and update the displayed image accordingly.</p>
				5602
				5603
				5604	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5605	<h4><a name="unique-colors" id="unique-colors"></a>-unique-colors</h4>
				5606	</div>
				5607
				5608	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>discard all but one of any pixel color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5609
				5610
				5611	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5612	<h4><a name="units" id="units"></a>-units <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				5613	</div>
				5614
				5615	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the units of image resolution.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5616
				5617	<p>Choose from: <kbd>Undefined</kbd>, <kbd>PixelsPerInch</kbd>, or <kbd>PixelsPerCentimeter</kbd>. This option is normally used in conjunction with the <a href="#density">-density</a> option.</p>
				5618
				5619
				5620	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5621	<h4><a name="unsharp" id="unsharp"></a>-unsharp <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-unsharp <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>{<em class="arg">+amount</em>}{<em class="arg">+threshold</em>}</h4>
				5622	</div>
				5623
				5624	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>sharpen the image with an unsharp mask operator.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5625
				5626	<p>The <a href="#unsharp">-unsharp</a> option sharpens an image. The image is convolved with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma). For reasonable results, radius should be larger than sigma. Use a radius of 0 to have the method select a suitable radius.</p>
				5627
				5628	<p>The parameters are:</p>
				5629
				5630	<pre class="text">
				5631	radius: The radius of the Gaussian, in pixels, not counting the center
				5632	pixel (default 0).
				5633	sigma: The standard deviation of the Gaussian, in pixels (default 1.0).
				5634	amount: The fraction of the difference between the original and the blur
				5635	image that is added back into the original (default 1.0).
				5636	threshold: The threshold, as a fraction of <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>, needed to apply the
				5637	difference amount (default 0.05).
				5638	</pre>
				5639
				5640
				5641	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5642	<h4><a name="verbose" id="verbose"></a>-verbose</h4>
				5643	</div>
				5644
				5645	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>print detailed information about the image when this option preceds the <a href="#identify">-identify</a> option or <kbd>info:</kbd>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5646
				5647
				5648	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5649	<h4><a name="version" id="version"></a>-version</h4>
				5650	</div>
				5651
				5652	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>print ImageMagick version string and exit.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5653
				5654
				5655	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5656	<h4><a name="view" id="view"></a>-view <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
				5657	</div>
				5658
				5659	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>FlashPix viewing parameters.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5660
				5661
				5662	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5663	<h4><a name="vignette" id="vignette"></a>-vignette <em class="arg">radius</em>{x<em class="arg">sigma</em>}{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
				5664	</div>
				5665
				5666	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>soften the edges of the image in vignette style.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5667
				5668
				5669	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5670	<h4><a name="virtual-pixel" id="virtual-pixel"></a>-virtual-pixel <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
				5671	</div>
				5672
				5673	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify contents of <em>virtual pixels</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5674
				5675	<p>This option defines what color source should be used if and when a color
				5676	lookup completely 'misses' the source image. The color(s) that appear to
				5677	surround the source image. Generally this color is derived from the source
				5678	image, but could also be set to a specify background color. </p>
				5679
				5680	<p>Choose from these methods:</p>
				5681
				5682	<pre class="text">
				5683	background: the area surrounding the image is the background color
				5684	black: the area surrounding the image is black
				5685	checker-tile: alternate squares with image and background color
				5686	dither: non-random 32x32 dithered pattern
				5687	edge: extend the edge pixel toward infinity
				5688	gray: the area surrounding the image is gray
				5689	horizontal-tile: horizontally tile the image, background color above/below
				5690	horizontal-tile-edge: horizontally tile the image and replicate the side edge pixels
				5691	mirror: mirror tile the image
				5692	random: choose a random pixel from the image
				5693	tile: tile the image (default)
				5694	transparent: the area surrounding the image is transparent blackness
				5695	vertical-tile: vertically tile the image, sides are background color
				5696	vertical-tile-edge: vertically tile the image and replicate the side edge pixels
				5697	white: the area surrounding the image is white
				5698	</pre>
				5699
				5700	<p>The default value is "edge".</p>
				5701
				5702	<p>This most important for distortion operators such as <a href="#distort"
				5703	>-distort</a>, <a href="#implode" >-implode</a>, and <a href="#fx" >-fx</a>.
				5704	However it also effects operations that may access pixels just outside the
				5705	image proper, such as <a href="#convolve">-convolve</a>, <a
				5706	href="#blur">-blur</a>, and <a href="#sharpen">-sharpen</a>. </p>
				5707
				5708	<p>To print a complete list of virtual pixel types, use the <a href="#list">-list virtual-pixel</a> option.</p>
				5709
				5710
				5711	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5712	<h4><a name="visual" id="visual"></a>-visual <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				5713	</div>
				5714
				5715	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Animate images using this X visual type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5716
				5717	<p>Choose from these visual classes:</p>
				5718
				5719	<pre class="text">
				5720	StaticGray
				5721	GrayScale
				5722	StaticColor
				5723	PseudoColor
				5724	TrueColor
				5725	DirectColor
				5726	default
				5727	visual id
				5728	</pre>
				5729
				5730	<p>The X server must support the visual you choose, otherwise an error occurs. If a visual is not specified, the visual class that can display the most simultaneous colors on the default screen is chosen.</p>
				5731
				5732
				5733	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5734	<h4><a name="watermark" id="watermark"></a>-watermark <em
				5735	class="arg">brightness</em>x<em class="arg">saturation</em></h4>
				5736	</div>
				5737
				5738	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Watermark an image using the given percentages of brightness and
				5739	saturation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5740
				5741	<p>Take a grayscale image (with alpha mask) and modify the destination image's
				5742	brightness according to watermark image's grayscale value and the <em
				5743	class="arg">brightness</em> percentage. The destinations color saturation
				5744	attribute is just direct modified by the <em class="arg">saturation</em>
				5745	percentage, which defaults to 100 percent (no color change). </p>
				5746
				5747
				5748	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5749	<h4><a name="wave" id="wave"></a>-wave <em class="arg">amplitude</em><br />-wave <em class="arg">amplitude</em>x<em class="arg">wavelength</em></h4>
				5750	</div>
				5751
				5752	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Shear the columns of an image into a sine wave.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5753
				5754	<p>Specify <em class="arg">amplitude</em> and <em class="arg">wavelength</em> of the wave.</p>
				5755
				5756	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5757	<h4><a name="weight" id="weight"></a>-weight <em class="arg">fontWeight</em></h4>
				5758	</div>
				5759
				5760	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a font weight for text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5761
				5762	<p>This setting suggests a font weight that ImageMagick should try to apply to the currently selected font family. Use a positive integer for <em class="arg">fontWeight</em> or select from the following.</p>
				5763
				5764	<table class="doc">
				5765	<col width="25%" />
				5766	<col width="75%" />
				5767	<thead>
				5768	<tr>
				5769	<th><em class="arg">fontWeight</em></th>
				5770	<th>Description</th>
				5771	</tr>
				5772	</thead>
				5773	<tbody>
				5774	<tr><td>All </td> <td>No effect. </td></tr>
				5775	<tr><td>Bold </td> <td>Same as <em class="arg">fontWeight</em> = 700.</td></tr>
				5776	<tr><td>Bolder </td> <td>Add 100 to font weight if currently ≤ 800.</td></tr>
				5777	<tr><td>Lighter </td> <td>Subtract 100 to font weight if currently ≤ 100.</td></tr>
				5778	<tr><td>Normal </td> <td>Same as <em class="arg">fontWeight</em> = 400.</td></tr>
				5779	</tbody>
				5780	</table>
				5781
				5782	<p>To print a complete list of weight types, use <a href="#list">-list weight</a>.</p>
				5783
				5784	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, and <a href="#style">-style</a>. </p>
				5785
				5786	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5787	<h4><a name="white-point" id="white-point"></a>-white-point <em class="arg">x,y</em></h4>
				5788	</div>
				5789
				5790	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>chromaticity white point.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5791
				5792	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	5cadd61	2009-09-21 19:33:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5793	<h4><a name="white-threshold" id="white-threshold"></a>-white-threshold <em class="arg">value</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5794	</div>
				5795
cristy	5cadd61	2009-09-21 19:33:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5796	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Force to white all pixels above the threshold while leaving all pixels at or below the threshold unchanged.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5797
				5798	<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer value within [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>] corresponding to the desired <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a> value. See <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a> for more details on thresholds and resulting values.
				5799	</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5800
				5801	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5802	<h4><a name="window" id="window"></a>-window <em class="arg">id</em></h4>
				5803	</div>
				5804
				5805	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Make the image the background of a window.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5806
				5807	<p><em class="arg">id</em> can be a window id or name. Specify <kbd>root</kbd> to select X's root window as the target window.</p>
				5808
				5809	<p>By default the image is tiled onto the background of the target window. If <kbd>backdrop</kbd> or <a href="#geometry">-resize</a> are specified, the image is surrounded by the background color. Refer to <kbd>X RESOURCES</kbd> for details.</p>
				5810
				5811	<p>The image will not display on the root window if the image has more unique colors than the target window colormap allows. Use <a href="#colors">-colors</a> to reduce the number of colors.</p>
				5812
				5813	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5814	<h4><a name="window-group" id="window-group"></a>-window-group</h4>
				5815	</div>
				5816
				5817	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the window group.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5818
				5819	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5820	<h4><a name="write" id="write"></a>-write <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
				5821	</div>
				5822
				5823	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>write an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5824	<p>The image sequence preceding the <a href="#write">-write</a> <em class="arg">filename</em> option is written out, and processing continues with the same image in its current state if there are additional options. To restore the image to its original state after writing it, use the <a href="#write">+write</a> <em class="arg">filename</em> option.</p>
				5825
				5826	<p>Use <a href="#compress">-compress</a> to specify the type of image compression.</p>
				5827
cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5828
				5829	</div>
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				5833	<span id="linkbar-center">
				5834	<a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/discourse-server/">Discourse Server</a> •
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	5835	<a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/MagickStudio/scripts/MagickStudio.cgi">Studio</a>
cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5836	</span>
				5837	<span id="linkbar-east"> </span>
				5838	</div>
				5839	<div class="footer">
				5840	<span id="footer-west">© 1999-2010 ImageMagick Studio LLC</span>
				5841	<span id="footer-east"> <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/script/contact.php">Contact the Wizards</a></span>
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				5844	</body>
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