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cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1
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cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5	<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
				6	"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
cristy	2bd2a98	2011-02-15 00:52:58 +0000	[diff] [blame]	7	<html version="-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
				8	xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en"
				9	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
				10	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml
				11	http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/SCHEMA/xhtml11.xsd">
cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	12	<head>
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	13	<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/>
cristy	1efc1ab	2011-08-01 14:47:02 +0000	[diff] [blame]	14	<meta name="google-site-verification" content="MxsMq6bdLOx0KSuz1MY6yG9ZTIJ7_7DVRfl5NCAT5Yg"/>
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	15	<title>ImageMagick: Command-line Options</title>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	16	<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-US"/>
				17	<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
				18	<meta http-equiv="Reply-to" content="magick-users@imagemagick.org"/>
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	19	<meta name="Application-name" content="ImageMagick"/>
cristy	e6e8415	2011-06-06 14:16:49 +0000	[diff] [blame]	20	<meta name="Description" content="Use ImageMagick to convert, edit, or compose bitmap images in a variety of formats. In addition resize, rotate, shear, distort and transform images automagically."/>
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	21	<meta name="Application-url" content="http://www.imagemagick.org"/>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	22	<meta name="Generator" content="PHP"/>
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	23	<meta name="Keywords" content="command-line, options, ImageMagick, PerlMagick, image processing, OpenMP, software development library, image, photo, software, Magick++, MagickWand"/>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	24	<meta name="Rating" content="GENERAL"/>
				25	<meta name="Robots" content="INDEX, FOLLOW"/>
				26	<meta name="Generator" content="ImageMagick Studio LLC"/>
				27	<meta name="Author" content="ImageMagick Studio LLC"/>
				28	<meta name="Revisit-after" content="2 DAYS"/>
				29	<meta name="Resource-type" content="document"/>
cristy	1454be7	2011-12-19 01:52:48 +0000	[diff] [blame]	30	<meta name="Copyright" content="Copyright (c) 1999-2012 ImageMagick Studio LLC"/>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	31	<meta name="Distribution" content="Global"/>
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	32	<link rel="icon" href="../images/wand.png"/>
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	33	<link rel="shortcut icon" href="../images/wand.ico" type="images/x-icon"/>
cristy	29c5c99	2011-06-25 13:58:49 +0000	[diff] [blame]	34	<link rel="canonical" href="http://www.imagemagick.org" />
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	35	<link rel="meta" type="application/rdf+xml" title="ICI" href="http://imagemagick.org/ici.rdf"/>
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	36	<!-- Add jQuery library -->
				37	<script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7/jquery.min.js"></script>
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				39	<!-- Optionaly include easing and/or mousewheel plugins -->
				40	<script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.imagemagick.org/fancybox/jquery.easing-1.3.pack.js"></script>
				41	<script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.imagemagick.org/fancybox/jquery.mousewheel-3.0.6.pack.js"></script>
				42
				43	<!-- Add fancyBox -->
				44	<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.imagemagick.org/fancybox/jquery.fancybox.css?v=2.0.3" type="text/css" media="screen" />
				45	<script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.imagemagick.org/fancybox/jquery.fancybox.pack.js?v=2.0.3"></script>
				46
				47	<!-- Optionaly include button and/or thumbnail helpers -->
				48	<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.imagemagick.org/fancybox/helpers/jquery.fancybox-buttons.css?v=2.0.3" type="text/css" media="screen" />
				49	<script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.imagemagick.org/fancybox/helpers/jquery.fancybox-buttons.js?v=2.0.3"></script>
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				51	<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.imagemagick.org/fancybox/helpers/jquery.fancybox-thumbs.css?v=2.0.3" type="text/css" media="screen" />
				52	<script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.imagemagick.org/fancybox/helpers/jquery.fancybox-thumbs.js?v=2.0.3"></script>
				53	<script type="text/javascript">
				54	$(document).ready(function() {
				55	$(".fancybox").fancybox();
				56	});
				57	</script>
				58	<!-- ImageMagick style -->
cristy	7a40ba8	2011-01-08 20:31:18 +0000	[diff] [blame]	59	<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.google.com/cse/style/look/default.css" type="text/css" />
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	60	<style type="text/css" media="all">
				61	@import url("../www/magick.css");
				62	</style>
cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	63	</head>
				64
				65	<body id="www-imagemagick-org">
				66	<div class="titlebar">
cristy	b52981c	2011-03-19 17:09:31 +0000	[diff] [blame]	67	<div style="margin: 17px auto; float: left;">
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cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	80	<a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/discourse-server/">
cristy	af8d665	2011-02-04 21:57:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	81	<img src="../images/logo.jpg"
				82	alt="ImageMagick Logo"
cristy	178edaf	2011-01-23 03:42:39 +0000	[diff] [blame]	83	style="width: 123px; height: 118px; border: 0px; float: right;" /></a>
cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	84	<a href="../index.html">
cristy	af8d665	2011-02-04 21:57:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	85	<img src="../images/sprite.jpg"
				86	alt="ImageMagick Sprite"
cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	87	style="width: 114px; height: 118px; border: 0px; float: right;" /></a>
				88	</div>
				89
cristy	ce69bb0	2010-07-27 19:49:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	90	<div class="westbar">
cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	91
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cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	93	<a title="About ImageMagick" href="../index.html">About ImageMagick</a>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	94	</div>
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cristy	29c5c99	2011-06-25 13:58:49 +0000	[diff] [blame]	231	<div class="g-plusone" data-size="standard" data-count="false"></div>
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	232	<script type="text/javascript">
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cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	247	<h1>Create, Edit, or Compose Bitmap Images With These Command-line Options</h1>
cristy	5cadd61	2009-09-21 19:33:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	248	<p class="navigation-index">
cristy	8b9dd95	2011-03-21 22:56:18 +0000	[diff] [blame]	249	[ <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#adaptive-blur">‑adaptive‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#adaptive-resize">‑adaptive‑resize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#adaptive-sharpen">‑adaptive‑sharpen</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#adjoin">‑adjoin</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#affine">‑affine</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#alpha">‑alpha</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#annotate">‑annotate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#antialias">‑antialias</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#append">‑append</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#attenuate">‑attenuate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#authenticate">‑authenticate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#auto-gamma">‑auto‑gamma</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#auto-level">‑auto‑level</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#auto-orient">‑auto‑orient</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#backdrop">‑backdrop</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#background">‑background</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#bench">‑bench</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#black-point-compensation">‑black‑point‑compensation</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#black-threshold">‑black‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#blend">‑blend</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#blue-primary">‑blue‑primary</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#blue-shift">‑blue‑shift</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#blur">‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#border">‑border</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#bordercolor">‑bordercolor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#borderwidth">‑borderwidth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#brightness-contrast">‑brightness‑contrast</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#cache">‑cache</a> <span class='bull'> • 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href="../www/command-line-options.html#delay">‑delay</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#delete">‑delete</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#density">‑density</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#depth">‑depth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#descend">‑descend</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#deskew">‑deskew</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#despeckle">‑despeckle</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#direction">‑direction</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#displace">‑displace</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#display">‑display</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#dispose">‑dispose</a> 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href="../www/command-line-options.html#segment">‑segment</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#selective-blur">‑selective‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#separate">‑separate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sepia-tone">‑sepia‑tone</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#set">‑set</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#shade">‑shade</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#shadow">‑shadow</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#shared-memory">‑shared‑memory</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sharpen">‑sharpen</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#shave">‑shave</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#shear">‑shear</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sigmoidal-contrast">‑sigmoidal‑contrast</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#silent">‑silent</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#size">‑size</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sketch">‑sketch</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#smush">‑smush</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#snaps">‑snaps</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#solarize">‑solarize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sparse-color">‑sparse‑color</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#splice">‑splice</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#spread">‑spread</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#statistic">‑statistic</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#stegano">‑stegano</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#stereo">‑stereo</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#stretch">‑stretch</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#strip">‑strip</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#stroke">‑stroke</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#strokewidth">‑strokewidth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#style">‑style</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#subimage-search">‑subimage‑search</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#swap">‑swap</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#swirl">‑swirl</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#synchronize">‑synchronize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#taint">‑taint</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#text-font">‑text‑font</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#texture">‑texture</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#thumbnail">‑thumbnail</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#tile">‑tile</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#tile-offset">‑tile‑offset</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#tint">‑tint</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#title">‑title</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transform">‑transform</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transparent">‑transparent</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transparent-color">‑transparent‑color</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transpose">‑transpose</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transverse">‑transverse</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#treedepth">‑treedepth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#trim">‑trim</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#type">‑type</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#undercolor">‑undercolor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#unique-colors">‑unique‑colors</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#units">‑units</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#unsharp">‑unsharp</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#update">‑update</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#verbose">‑verbose</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#version">‑version</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#view">‑view</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#vignette">‑vignette</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">‑virtual‑pixel</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#visual">‑visual</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#watermark">‑watermark</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#wave">‑wave</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#weight">‑weight</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#white-point">‑white‑point</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#white-threshold">‑white‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#window">‑window</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#window-group">‑window‑group</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#write">‑write</a> ] </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	250
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	251	<div class="doc-section">
				252
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	253	<p>Below is list of command-line options recognized by the ImageMagick <a
				254	href="../www/command-line-tools.html">command-line
				255	tools</a>. If you want a description of a particular option, click on the
				256	option name in the navigation bar above and you will go right to it. Unless
cristy	a890294	2010-07-30 00:49:52 +0000	[diff] [blame]	257	otherwise noted, each option is recognized by the commands <a href="../www/convert.html">convert</a>, <a href="../www/mogrify.html">mogrify</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	258
				259	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	260	<h4><a id="adaptive-blur"></a>-adaptive-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>[x<em class="arg">sigma</em>+<em class="arg">bias</em>]</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	261	</div>
				262
				263	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adaptively blur pixels, with decreasing effect near edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	264	<p>A Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (<em class="arg">sigma</em>) is used. If <em class="arg">sigma</em> is not given it defaults to 1.</p>
				265
				266	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	267	<h4><a id="adaptive-resize"></a>-adaptive-resize <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	268	</div>
				269
				270	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Resize the image using data-dependent triangulation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				271
				272	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <a href="#adaptive-resize">-adaptive-resize</a> option defaults to data-dependent triangulation. Use the <a href="#filter">-filter</a> to choose a different resampling algorithm. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are ignored, and the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
				273
				274	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	275	<h4><a id="adaptive-sharpen"></a>-adaptive-sharpen <em class="arg">radius</em>[x<em class="arg">sigma</em>+<em class="arg">bias</em>]</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	276	</div>
				277
				278	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adaptively sharpen pixels, with increasing effect near edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				279
				280	<p>A Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (<em class="arg">sigma</em>) is used. If <em class="arg">sigma</em> is not given it defaults to 1.</p>
				281
				282	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	283	<h4><a id="adjoin"></a>-adjoin</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	284	</div>
				285
				286	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Join images into a single multi-image file.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				287
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	288	<p>This option is enabled by default. An attempt is made to save all images of
				289	an image sequence into the given output file. However, some formats, such as
				290	JPEG and PNG, do not support more than one image per file, and in that case
				291	ImageMagick is forced to write each image as a separate file. As such, if
				292	more than one image needs to be written, the filename given is modified by
				293	adding a <a href="#scene">-scene</a> number before the suffix, in order to
				294	make distinct names for each image. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	295
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	296	<p>Use <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> to force each image to be written to
				297	separate files, whether or not the file format allows multiple images per file
				298	(for example, GIF, MIFF, and TIFF). </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	299
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	300	<p>Including a C-style integer format string in the output filename will
				301	automagically enable <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> and are used to specify
				302	where the <a href="#scene">-scene</a> number is placed in the filenames. These
				303	strings, such as '<kbd>%d</kbd>' or '<kbd>%03d</kbd>', are familiar to those
				304	who have used the standard <kbd>printf()</kbd>' C-library function. As an
				305	example, the command</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	306
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	307	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: rose: -morph 15 my%02dmorph.jpg</span></p>
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	308	<p>will create a sequence of 17 images (the two given plus 15 more created by
				309	<a href="#morph">-morph</a>), named: my00morph.jpg, my01morph.jpg,
				310	my02morph.jpg, ..., my16morph.jpg. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	311
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	312	<p>In summary, ImageMagick tries to write all images to one file, but will
				313	save to multiple files, if any of the following conditions exist...
				314	<ol>
				315	<li>the output image's file format does not allow multi-image files,
				316	<li>the <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> option is given, or
				317	<li>a printf() integer format string (eg: "%d") is present in the output
				318	filename.
				319	</ol></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	320
				321
				322	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	323	<h4><a id="affine"></a>-affine
				324	<em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">r<sub>x</sub></em>,<em
				325	class="arg">r<sub>y</sub></em>,<em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em>[,<em
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	326	class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em>]</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	327	</div>
				328
				329	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the drawing transformation matrix for combined rotating and scaling.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				330
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	331	<p>This option sets a transformation matrix, for use by subsequent <a
				332	href="#draw">-draw</a> or <a href="#transform">-transform</a> options. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	333
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	334	<p>The matrix entries are entered as comma-separated numeric values either in
				335	quotes or without spaces. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	336
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	337	<p>Internally, the transformation matrix has 3x3 elements, but three of them
				338	are omitted from the input because they are constant. The new (transformed)
				339	coordinates (<em class="arg">x'</em>, <em class="arg">y'</em>) of a pixel at
				340	position (<em class="arg">x</em>, <em class="arg">y</em>) in the original
				341	image are calculated using the following matrix equation.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	342
				343	<div class="eqn">
				344	<img alt="affine transformation" src="../images/affine.png"/>
				345	</div>
				346
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	347	<p> The size of the resulting image is that of the smallest rectangle that
				348	contains the transformed source image. The parameters <em
				349	class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em>
				350	subsequently shift the image pixels so that those that are moved out of the
				351	image area are cut off.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	352
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	353	<p>The transformation matrix complies with the left-handed pixel coordinate
				354	system: positive <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> directions
				355	are rightward and downward, resp.; positive rotation is clockwise.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	356
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	357	<p> If the translation coefficients <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	358	class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> are omitted they default to 0,0. Therefore,
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	359	four parameters suffice for rotation and scaling without translation.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	360
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	361	<p>Scaling by the factors <em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em> and <em
				362	class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em> in the <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> directions,
				363	respectively, is accomplished with the following.</p>
				364
				365	<p>See <a href="#transform">-transform</a>, and the <a
				366	href="#distort">-distort</a> method '<kbd>Affineprojection</kbd> for more
				367	information </p>
				368
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	369
				370	<p class="crtsnip">
				371	-affine <em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em>,0,0,<em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em>
				372	</p>
				373
				374	<p>Translation by a displacement (<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>, <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em>) is accomplished like so:</p>
				375
				376	<p class="crtsnip">
				377	-affine 1,0,0,1,<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em>
				378	</p>
				379
				380	<p>Rotate clockwise about the origin (the upper left-hand corner) by an angle <em>a</em> by letting
				381	<em>c</em> = cos(<em>a</em>), <em>s</em> = sin(<em>a</em>), and using the following.</p>
				382
				383	<p class="crtsnip">
				384	-affine <em>c</em>,<em>s</em>,-<em>s</em>,<em>c</em>
				385	</p>
				386
				387	<p>The cumulative effect of a sequence of <a href="#affine" >-affine</a> transformations can be accomplished by instead by a single <a href="#affine" >-affine</a> operation using the matrix equal to the product of the matrices of the individual transformations.</p>
				388
				389	<p>An attempt is made to detect near-singular transformation matrices. If the matrix determinant has a sufficiently small absolute value it is rejected.</p>
				390
				391	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	392	<h4><a id="alpha"></a>-alpha <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	393	</div>
				394
				395	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Gives control of the alpha/matte channel of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				396
				397	<p>Used to set a flag on an image indicating whether or not to use existing alpha
				398	channel data, to create an alpha channel, or to perform other operations on the alpha channel. Choose the argument <em class="arg">type</em> from the list below.</p>
				399
				400
				401	<table class="doc">
				402	<tbody>
				403	<tr valign="top">
				404	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">type</th>
				405	<th align="left">Description</th>
				406	</tr>
				407
				408	<tr valign="top">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	409	<td valign="top"><kbd>Activate</kbd> or <kbd>On</kbd></td>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	410	<td valign="top">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	411	Enable the image's transparency channel. Note normally <kbd>Set</kbd>
				412	should be used instead of this, unless you specifically need to
				413	preserve existing (but specifically turned <kbd>Off</kbd>) transparency
				414	channel. </td></tr>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	415
				416	<tr valign="top">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	417	<td valign="top"><kbd>Deactivate</kbd> or <kbd>Off</kbd></td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	418	<td valign="top">
				419	Disables the image's transparency channel. Does not delete or change the
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	420	existing data, just turns off the use of that data.</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	421
				422	<tr valign="top">
				423	<td valign="top"><kbd>Set</kbd></td>
				424	<td valign="top">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	425	Activates the alpha/matte channel. If it was previously turned off
				426	then it also resets the channel to opaque. If the image already had
				427	the alpha channel turned on, it will have no effect.</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	428
				429	<tr valign="top">
				430	<td valign="top"><kbd>Opaque</kbd></td>
				431	<td valign="top">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	432	Enables the alpha/matte channel and forces it to be fully opaque.
				433	</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	434
				435	<tr valign="top">
				436	<td valign="top"><kbd>Transparent</kbd></td>
				437	<td valign="top">
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	438	Activates the alpha/matte channel and forces it to be fully
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	439	transparent. This effectively creates a fully transparent image the
				440	same size as the original and with all its original RGB data still
				441	intact, but fully transparent. </td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	442
				443	<tr valign="top">
				444	<td valign="top"><kbd>Extract</kbd></td>
				445	<td valign="top">
				446	Copies the alpha channel values into all the color channels and turns
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	447	'<kbd>Off</kbd>' the the image's transparency, so as to generate
				448	a gray-scale mask of the image's shape. The alpha channel data is left
				449	intact just deactivated. This is the inverse of '<kbd>Copy</kbd>'.
				450	</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	451
				452	<tr valign="top">
				453	<td valign="top"><kbd>Copy</kbd></td>
				454	<td valign="top">
				455	Turns '<kbd>On</kbd>' the alpha/matte channel, then copies the
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	456	gray-scale intensity of the image, into the alpha channel, converting
				457	a gray-scale mask into a transparent shaped mask ready to be colored
				458	appropriately. The color channels are not modified. </td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	459
				460	<tr valign="top">
				461	<td valign="top"><kbd>Shape</kbd></td>
				462	<td valign="top">
				463	As per '<kbd>Copy</kbd>' but also colors the resulting shape mask with
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	464	the current background color. That is the RGB color channels is
				465	replaced, with appropriate alpha shape.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	466	</td></tr>
				467
				468	<tr valign="top">
				469	<td valign="top"><kbd>Background</kbd></td>
				470	<td valign="top">
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	471	Set any fully-transparent pixel to the background color, while leaving
				472	it fully-transparent. This can make some image file formats, such as
				473	PNG, smaller as the RGB values of transparent pixels are more uniform,
				474	and thus can compress better.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	475	</td></tr>
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	476
				477	<tr valign="top">
				478	<td valign="top"><kbd>Flatten</kbd></td>
				479	<td valign="top">
				480	Composite the image over the background color.
				481	</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	482	</tbody>
				483	</table>
				484
				485	<p>Note that while the <a href="#matte" >+matte</a> operation is the same as
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	486	"<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> Off</kbd>", the <a href="#matte"
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	487	>-matte</a> operation is the same as "<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a>
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	488	Set</kbd>" and not "<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> On</kbd>". </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	489
				490
				491	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	492	<h4><a id="annotate"></a>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	493	-annotate <em class="arg">degrees</em> <em class="arg">text</em><br />
				494	-annotate <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em>x<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> <em class="arg">text</em><br />
				495	-annotate <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em>x<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> {+-}<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>{+-}<em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> <em class="arg">text</em></h4>
				496	</div>
				497
				498	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Annotate an image with text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				499
				500	<p>This is a convenience for annotating an image with text. For more precise control over text annotations, use <a href="#draw">-draw</a>.</p>
				501
				502
				503	<p>The values <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em> and <em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> control the shears with respect to the , respectively, applied to the text, while <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> are offsets that give the location of the text relative to the upper left corner of the image.</p>
				504
				505	<p>Using <a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> <em class="arg">degrees</em> or <a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> <em class="arg">degrees</em>x<em class="arg">degrees</em> produces an unsheared rotation of the text. The direction of the rotation is positive, which means a clockwise rotation if <em class="arg">degrees</em> is positive. (This conforms to the usual mathematical convention once it is realized that the positive <em>y</em>–direction is conventionally considered to be <em>downward</em> for images.)</p>
				506
				507	<p>The new (transformed) coordinates (<em class="arg">x'</em>, <em class="arg">y'</em>) of a pixel at position (<em class="arg">x</em>, <em class="arg">y</em>) in the image are calculated using the following matrix equation.</p>
				508	<div class="eqn"><img alt="annotate transformation" src="../images/annotate.png"/></div>
				509
				510	<p>If <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> are omitted, they default to 0. This makes the bottom-left of the text becomes the upper-left corner of the image, which is probably undesirable. Adding a <a href="#gravity" >-gravity</a> option in this case leads to nice results.</p>
				511
				512	<p>Text is any UTF-8 encoded character sequence. If <em class="arg">text</em> is of the form '@mytext.txt', the text is read from the file <kbd>mytext.txt</kbd>. Text in a file is taken literally; no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
				513
				514	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	515	<h4><a id="antialias"></a>-antialias</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	516	</div>
				517
				518	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Enable/Disable of the rendering of anti-aliasing pixels when
				519	drawing fonts and lines.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				520
				521	<p>By default, objects (e.g. text, lines, polygons, etc.) are antialiased when
				522	drawn. Use <a href="#antialias">+antialias</a> to disable the addition of
				523	antialiasing edge pixels. This will then reduce the number of colors added to
				524	an image to just the colors being directly drawn. That is, no mixed colors
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	525	are added when drawing such objects. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	526
				527	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	528	<h4><a id="append"></a>-append</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	529	</div>
				530
				531	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Join current images vertically or horizontally.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				532
				533	<p>This option creates a single longer image image, by joining all the current
				534	images in sequence top-to-bottom. Use <a href="#append">+append</a> to
				535	stack images left-to-right. </p>
				536
				537	<p>If they are not of the same width, narrower images are padded with the
				538	current <a href="#background">-background</a> color setting, and their
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	539	position relative to each other can be controlled by the current <a
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	540	href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting. </p>
				541
				542
				543	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	544	<h4><a id="attenuate"></a>-attenuate <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	545	</div>
				546
				547	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Lessen (or intensify) when adding noise to an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				548
				549
				550	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	551	<h4><a id="authenticate"></a>-authenticate <em class="arg">password</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	552	</div>
				553
				554	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Decrypt a PDF with a password.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				555
				556	<p>Use this option to supply a <em class="arg">password</em> for decrypting a PDF that has been encrypted using Microsoft Crypto API (MSC API). The encrypting using the MSC API is not supported.</p>
				557
				558	<p>For a different encryption method, see <a href="#encipher">-encipher</a> and <a href="#decipher">-decipher</a>. </p>
				559
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	560
				561
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	562	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	563	<h4><a id="auto-gamma"></a>-auto-gamma</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	564	</div>
				565
				566	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Automagically adjust gamma level of image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				567
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	568	<p>This calculates the mean values of an image, then applies a calculated <a
				569	href="#gamma" >-gamma</a> adjustment so that is the mean color exists in the
				570	image it will get a have a value of 50%. </p>
				571
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	572	<p>This means that any solid 'gray' image becomes 50% gray. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	573
				574	<p>This works well for real-life images with little or no extreme dark and
				575	light areas, but tend to fail for images with large amounts of bright sky or
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	576	dark shadows. It also does not work well for diagrams or cartoon like images.
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	577	</p>
				578
				579	<p>It uses the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting, (including the
cristy	2dcd682	2011-06-13 16:21:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	580	'<em>sync</em>' flag for channel synchronization), to determine which color
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	581	values is used and modified. As the default <a href="#channel"
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	582	>-channel</a> setting is '<em>RGB,sync</em>', channels are modified
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	583	together by the same gamma value, preserving colors. </p>
				584
				585
				586
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	587	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	588	<h4><a id="auto-level"></a>-auto-level</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	589	</div>
				590
				591	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Automagically adjust color levels of image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				592
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	593	<p>This is a 'perfect' image normalization operator. It finds the exact
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	594	minimum and maximum color values in the image and then applies a <a
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	595	href="#level" >-level</a> operator to stretch the values to the full range of
				596	values. </p>
				597
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	598	<p>The operator is not typically used for real-life images, image scans, or
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	599	JPEG format images, as a single 'out-rider' pixel can set a bad min/max values
				600	for the <a href="#level" >-level</a> operation. On the other hand it is the
				601	right operator to use for color stretching gradient images being used to
				602	generate Color lookup tables, distortion maps, or other 'mathematically'
				603	defined images. </p>
				604
				605	<p>The operator is very similar to the <a href="#normalize">-normalize</a>, <a
				606	href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a>, and <a href="#linear-stretch"
				607	>-linear-stretch</a> operators, but without 'histogram binning' or 'clipping'
				608	problems that these operators may have. That is <a href="#auto-level"
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	609	>-auto-level</a> is the perfect or ideal version these operators. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	610
				611	<p>It uses the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting, (including the
cristy	2dcd682	2011-06-13 16:21:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	612	special '<em>sync</em>' flag for channel synchronization), to determine
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	613	which color values are used and modified. As the default <a
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	614	href="#channel" >+channel</a> setting is '<em>RGB,sync</em>', the
				615	'<em>sync</em>' ensures that the color channels will are modified
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	616	together by the same gamma value, preserving colors, and ignoring
				617	transparency. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	618
				619
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	620	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	621	<h4><a id="auto-orient"></a>-auto-orient</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	622	</div>
				623
				624	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Automagically orient (rotate) an image created by a digital camera.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				625
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	626	<p>This operator reads and resets the EXIF image profile setting 'Orientation'
				627	and then performs the appropriate 90 degree rotation on the image to orient
				628	the image, for correct viewing. </p>
				629
				630	<p>This EXIF profile setting is usually set using a gravity sensor in digital
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	631	camera, however photos taken directly downward or upward may not have an
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	632	appropriate value. Also images that have been orientation 'corrected' without
				633	reseting this setting, may be 'corrected' again resulting in a incorrect
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	634	result. If the EXIF profile was previously stripped, the <a
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	635	href="#auto-orient" >-auto-orient</a> operator will do nothing. </p>
				636
				637
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	638	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	639	<h4><a id="average"></a>-average</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	640	</div>
				641
				642	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Average a set of images.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				643
				644	<p>An error results if the images are not identically sized.</p>
				645
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	646
				647	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	648	<h4><a id="backdrop"></a>-backdrop</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	649	</div>
				650
				651	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Display the image centered on a backdrop.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				652
				653	<p>This backdrop covers the entire workstation screen and is useful for hiding other X window activity while viewing the image. The color of the backdrop is specified as the background color. The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				654
				655	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	656	<h4><a id="background"></a>-background <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	657	</div>
				658
				659	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the background color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				660
				661	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option. The default background color (if none is specified or found in the image) is white.</p>
				662
				663	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	664	<h4><a id="bench"></a>-bench <em class="arg">iterations</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	665	</div>
				666
				667	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Measure performance.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				668
cristy	e637813	2009-10-26 20:05:17 +0000	[diff] [blame]	669	<p>Repeat the entire command for the given number of <em class="arg">iterations</em> and report the user-time and elapsed time. For instance, consider the following command and its output. Modify the benchmark with the -duration to run the benchmark for a fixed number of seconds and -concurrent to run the benchmark in parallel (requires the OpenMP feature).</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	670
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	671	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -resize 1000% -bench 5 logo.png</span><span class='crtout'>Performance[4]: 5i 0.875657ips 6.880u 0:05.710</span></p>
				672	<p>In this example, 5 iterations were completed at 0.875657 iterations per second, using 4 threads and 6.88 seconds of the user's allotted time, for a total elapsed time of 5.71 seconds.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	673
				674	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	675	<h4><a id="bias"></a>-bias <em class="arg">value</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	676	</div>
				677
				678	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Add bias when convolving an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				679
				680	<p>This option shifts the output of <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#convolve">‑convolve</a> so that positive and negative results are relative to the specified bias value. </p>
				681
				682	<p>This is important for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick when dealing with convolutions that contain negative as well as positive values. This is especially the case with convolutions involving high pass filters or edge detection. Without an output bias, the negative values are clipped at zero.</p>
				683
				684	<p>When using an ImageMagick with the HDRI compile-time setting, <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> is not needed, as ImageMagick is able to store/handle any
				685	negative results without clipping to the color value range
				686	(0..QuantumRange).</p>
				687
				688	<p>See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page
cristy	4777498	2011-02-15 15:17:19 +0000	[diff] [blame]	689	<a href="../www/high-dynamic-range.html">High Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri">Usage</a> pages or this <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a> entry.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	690	</p>
				691
				692	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	37e0dfd	2011-03-06 16:35:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	693	<h4><a id="black-point-compensation"></a>-black-point-compensation</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	694	</div>
				695
				696	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Use black point compensation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				697
				698	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	699	<h4><a id="black-threshold"></a>-black-threshold <em class="arg">value</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	700	</div>
				701
cristy	5cadd61	2009-09-21 19:33:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	702	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Force to black all pixels below the threshold while leaving all pixels at or above the threshold unchanged.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				703
				704	<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer value within [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>] corresponding to the desired <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a> value. See <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a> for more details on thresholds and resulting values.
				705	</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	706
				707
				708	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	709	<h4><a id="blend"></a>-blend <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	710	</div>
				711
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	712	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>blend an image into another by the given absolute value or percent.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	713
				714	<p>Blend will average the images together ('plus') according to the
				715	percentages given and each pixels transparency. If only a single percentage
				716	value is given it sets the weight of the composite or 'source' image, while
				717	the background image is weighted by the exact opposite amount. That is a
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	718	<kbd>-blend 30%</kbd> merges 30% of the 'source' image with 70% of the
				719	'destination' image. Thus it is equivalent to <kbd>-blend 30x70%</kbd>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	720
				721
				722	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	723	<h4><a id="blue-primary"></a>-blue-primary <em class="arg">x</em>,<em class="arg">y</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	724	</div>
				725
				726	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the blue chromaticity primary point.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				727
				728	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	729	<h4><a id="blue-shift"></a>-blue-shift <em class="arg">factor</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	730	</div>
				731
				732	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate a scene at nighttime in the moonlight. Start with a factor of 1.5</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				733
				734	<div style="margin: auto;">
				735
				736	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	737	<h4><a id="blur"></a>-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>+<em class="arg">bias</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	738	</div>
				739
				740	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Reduce image noise and reduce detail levels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				741
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	742	<p>Convolve the image with a Gaussian or normal distribution using the given
				743	<em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value. The formula is:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	744
				745	<div class="eqn"><img alt="gaussian distribution" width="243px" height="42px" src="../images/gaussian-blur.png"/>
				746	</div>
				747
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	748	<p>The <em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value is the important argument, and
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	749	determines the actual amount of blurring that will take place. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	750
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	751	<p>The <em class="arg" >Radius</em> is only used to determine the size of the
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	752	array which will hold the calculated Gaussian distribution. It should be an
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	753	integer. If not given, or set to zero, IM will calculate the largest possible
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	754	radius that will provide meaningful results for the Gaussian distribution.
				755	</p>
				756
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	757	<p>The larger the <em class="arg" >Radius</em> the slower the
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	758	operation is. However too small a <em class="arg" >Radius</em>, and sever
				759	aliasing effects may result. As a guideline, <em class="arg" >Radius</em>
				760	should be at least twice the <em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value, though three
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	761	times will produce a more accurate result. </p>
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	762
				763	<p>This option differs from <a href="#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a> simply
				764	by taking advantage of the separability properties of the distribution. Here
				765	we apply a single-dimensional Gaussian matrix in the horizontal direction,
				766	then repeat the process in the vertical direction.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	767
				768	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				769	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				770	</p>
				771
				772
				773	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	774	<h4>-blur <em class="arg">Width</em>[x<em class="arg">Height</em>[+<em class="arg">Angle</em>]]</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	775	</div>
				776
				777	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Variably blur and image according to the overlay mapping.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				778
				779	<p>Each pixel in the overlaid region is replaced with an Elliptical Weighted
				780	Average (EWA) of the source image, scaled according to the grayscale
				781	mapping. </p>
				782
				783	<p>The ellipse is weighted with sigma set to the given <em class="arg"
				784	>Width</em> and <em class="arg" >Height</em>. The <em class="arg" >Height</em>
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	785	defaults to the <em class="arg" >Width</em> for a normal circular Gaussian
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	786	weighting. The <em class="arg" >Angle</em> will rotate the ellipse from
				787	horizontal clock-wise. </p>
				788
				789	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				790	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				791	</p>
				792
				793
				794	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	795	<h4><a id="border"></a>-border <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	796	</div>
				797
				798	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Surround the image with a border of color. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				799
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	800	<p>Set the width and height using the <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	801	<em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets are
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	802	ignored. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	803
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	804	<p>Set the border color by preceding with the <a
				805	href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	806
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	807	<p>The <a href="#border">-border</a> operation is affected by the current <a
				808	href="#compose">-compose</a> setting and assumes that this is using the default
				809	'<kbd>Over</kbd>' composition method. It generates a image of the appropriate
				810	size colors by the current <a href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> before
				811	overlaying the original image in the center of this net image. This means that
				812	with the default compose method of '<kbd>Over</kbd>' any transparent parts may
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	813	be replaced by the current <a href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	814	<p>See also the <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option, which has more
				815	functionality.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	816
				817	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	818	<h4><a id="bordercolor"></a>-bordercolor <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	819	</div>
				820
				821	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the border color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				822
				823	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				824
				825	<p>The default border color is <kbd>#DFDFDF</kbd>, <span style="background-color: #dfdfdf;">this shade of gray</span>.</p>
				826
				827	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	828	<h4><a id="borderwidth"></a>-borderwidth <em class="arg">geometry</em> </h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	829	</div>
				830
				831	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the border width.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				832
				833	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	834	<h4><a id="brightness-contrast"></a>-brightness-contrast <em class="arg">brightness</em><br />-brightness-contrast <em class="arg">brightness</em>{x<em class="arg">contrast</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}}</h4>
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	835	</div>
				836
				837	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adjust the brightness and/or contrast of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				838
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	839	<p>Brightness and Contrast values apply changes to the input image. They are
				840	not absolute settings. A brightness or contrast value of zero means no change.
				841	The range of values is -100 to +100 on each. Positive values increase the
				842	brightness or contrast and negative values decrease the brightness or contrast.
				843	To control only contrast, set the brightness=0. To control only brightness,
				844	set contrast=0 or just leave it off.</p>
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	845
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	846	<p>You may also use <a href="#fill">-channel</a> to control which channels to
				847	apply the brightness and/or contrast change. The default is to apply the same
				848	transformation to all channels.</p>
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	849
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	850	<p>Brightness and Contrast arguments are converted to offset and slope of a
				851	linear transform and applied
				852	using <a href="#fill">-function polynomial "slope,offset"</a>.</p>
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	853
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	854	<p>The slope varies from 0 at contrast=-100 to almost vertical at
				855	contrast=+100. For brightness=0 and contrast=-100, the result are totally
				856	midgray. For brightness=0 and contrast=+100, the result will approach but
				857	not quite reach a threshold at midgray; that is the linear transformation
				858	is a very steep vertical line at mid gray.</p>
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	859
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	860	<p>Negative slopes, i.e. negating the image, are not possible with this
				861	function. All achievable slopes are zero or positive.</p>
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	862
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	863	<p>The offset varies from -0.5 at brightness=-100 to 0 at brightness=0 to +0.5
				864	at brightness=+100. Thus, when contrast=0 and brightness=100, the result is
				865	totally white. Similarly, when contrast=0 and brightness=-100, the result is
				866	totally black.</p>
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	867
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	868	<p>As the range of values for the arguments are -100 to +100, adding the '%'
				869	symbol is no different than leaving it off.</p>
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	870
				871	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	872	<h4><a id="cache"></a>-cache <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	873	</div>
				874
				875	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>(This option has been replaced by the <a href='#limit'>-limit</a> option.)</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				876
				877	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	878	<h4><a id="caption"></a>-caption <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	879	</div>
				880
				881	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Assign a caption to an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				882
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	883	<p>This option sets the caption meta-data of an image read in after this
				884	option has been given. To modify a caption of images already in memory use
				885	"<kbd><a href="#set">-set</a> caption</kbd>". </p>
				886
				887	<p>The caption can contain special format characters listed in the <a
				888	href="../www/escape.html">Format and
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	889	Print Image Properties</a>. These attributes are expanded when the caption
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	890	is finally assigned to the individual images. </p>
				891
				892	<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">string</em> is <em
				893	class="arg">@</em>, the image caption is read from a file titled by the
				894	remaining characters in the string. Comments read in from a file are literal;
				895	no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
				896
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	897	<p>Caption meta-data is not visible on the image itself. To do that use the
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	898	<a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> or <a href="#draw">-draw</a> options
				899	instead.</p>
				900
				901	<p>For example,</p>
				902
				903	<p class="crtsnip">
				904	-caption "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff
				905	</p>
				906
				907	<p>produces an image caption of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> (assuming
				908	that the image <kbd>bird.miff</kbd> has a width of 512 and a height of
				909	480.</p>
				910
				911
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	912	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	913	<h4><a id="cdl"></a>-cdl <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	914	</div>
				915
				916	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>color correct with a color decision list.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				917
				918	<p>Here is an example color correction collection:</p>
				919
				920	<pre class="text">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	921	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
				922	<ColorCorrectionCollection xmlns="urn:ASC:CDL:v1.2">
				923	<ColorCorrection id="cc06668">
				924	<SOPNode>
				925	<Slope> 0.9 1.2 0.5 </Slope>
				926	<Offset> 0.4 -0.5 0.6 </Offset>
				927	<Power> 1.0 0.8 1.5 </Power>
				928	</SOPNode>
				929	<SATNode>
				930	<Saturation> 0.85 </Saturation>
				931	</SATNode>
				932	</ColorCorrection>
				933	</ColorCorrectionCollection>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	934	</pre>
				935
				936	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	937	<h4><a id="channel"></a>-channel <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	938	</div>
				939
				940	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify those image color channels to which subsequent operators are limited.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				941
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	942	<p>Choose from: <kbd>Red</kbd>, <kbd>Green</kbd>, <kbd>Blue</kbd>,
				943	<kbd>Alpha</kbd>, <kbd>Cyan</kbd>, <kbd>Magenta</kbd>, <kbd>Yellow</kbd>,
				944	<kbd>Black</kbd>, <kbd>Opacity</kbd>, <kbd>Index</kbd>, <kbd>RGB</kbd>,
				945	<kbd>RGBA</kbd>, <kbd>CMYK</kbd>, or <kbd>CMYKA</kbd>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	946
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	947	<p>The channels above can also be specified as a comma-separated list or can be
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	948	abbreviated as a concatenation of the letters '<kbd>R</kbd>', '<kbd>G</kbd>',
				949	'<kbd>B</kbd>', '<kbd>A</kbd>', '<kbd>O</kbd>', '<kbd>C</kbd>',
				950	'<kbd>M</kbd>', '<kbd>Y</kbd>', '<kbd>K</kbd>'.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	951
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	952	For example, to only select the <kbd>Red</kbd> and <kbd>Blue</kbd> channels
				953	you can either use </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	954	<p class="crtsnip">
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	955	-channel Red,Blue
				956	</p>
				957	<p>or you can use the short hand form</p>
				958	<p class="crtsnip">
				959	-channel RB
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	960	</p>
				961
cristy	2dcd682	2011-06-13 16:21:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	962	<p>All the channels that are present in an image can be specified using the
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	963	special channel type <kbd>All</kbd>. Not all operators are 'channel capable',
				964	but generally any operators that are generally 'grey-scale' image operators,
				965	will understand this setting. See individual operator documentation. </p>
				966
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	967	<br />
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	968
cristy	2dcd682	2011-06-13 16:21:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	969	<p>On top of the normal channel selection an extra flag can be specified,
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	970	'<kbd>Sync</kbd>'. This is turned on by default and if set means that
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	971	operators that understand this flag should perform: cross-channel
cristy	2dcd682	2011-06-13 16:21:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	972	synchronization of the channels. If not specified, then most grey-scale
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	973	operators will apply their image processing operations to each individual
				974	channel (as specified by the rest of the <a href="#channel">-channel</a>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	975	setting) completely independently from each other. </p>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	976
				977	<p>For example for operators such as <a href="#auto-level">-auto-level</a> and
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	978	<a href="#auto-gamma">-auto-gamma</a> the color channels are modified
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	979	together in exactly the same way so that colors will remain in-sync. Without
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	980	it being set, then each channel is modified separately and
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	981	independently, which may produce color distortion. </p>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	982
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	983	<p>The <a href="#morphology">-morphology</a> '<kbd>Convolve</kbd>' method
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	984	and the <a href="#compose">-compose</a> mathematical methods, also understands
				985	the '<kbd>Sync</kbd>' flag to modify the behaviour of pixel colors according
				986	to the alpha channel (if present). That is to say it will modify the image
				987	processing with the understanding that fully-transparent colors should not
				988	contribute to the final result. </p>
				989
cristy	2dcd682	2011-06-13 16:21:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	990	<p>Basically, by default, operators work with color channels in synchronous, and
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	991	treats transparency as special, unless the <a href="#channel">-channel</a>
				992	setting is modified so as to remove the effect of the '<kbd>Sync</kbd>' flag.
				993	How each operator does this depends on that operators current implementation.
				994	Not all operators understands this flag at this time, but that is changing.
				995	</p>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	996
				997	<p>To print a complete list of channel types, use <a href="#list">-list
				998	channel</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	999
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1000	<br />
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1001
				1002	<p>By default, ImageMagick sets <a href="#channel">-channel</a> to the value
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1003	'<kbd>RGBK,sync</kbd>', which specifies that operators act on all color
				1004	channels except the transparency channel, and that all the color channels are
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	1005	to be modified in exactly the same way, with an understanding of transparency
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1006	(depending on the operation being applied). The 'plus' form <a
				1007	href="#channel" >+channel</a> will reset the value back to this default. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1008
				1009	<p>Options that are affected by the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting
				1010	include the following.
				1011
				1012	<a href="#auto-gamma">-auto-gamma</a>,
				1013	<a href="#auto-level">-auto-level</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1014	<a href="#black-threshold">-black-threshold</a>,
				1015	<a href="#blur">-blur</a>,
cristy	b4c03bb	2009-09-27 13:55:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1016	<a href="#clamp">-clamp</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1017	<a href="#clut">-clut</a>,
				1018	<a href="#combine">-combine</a>,
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1019	<a href="#composite">-composite</a> (Mathematical compose methods only),
				1020	<a href="#convolve">-convolve</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1021	<a href="#contrast-stretch">-contrast-stretch</a>,
				1022	<a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a>,
				1023	<a href="#function">-function</a>,
				1024	<a href="#fx">-fx</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1025	<a href="#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a>,
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1026	<a href="#hald-clut">-hald-clut</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1027	<a href="#motion-blur">-motion-blur</a>,
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1028	<a href="#morphology">-morphology</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1029	<a href="#negate">-negate</a>,
				1030	<a href="#normalize">-normalize</a>,
				1031	<a href="#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a>,
				1032	<a href="#radial-blur">-radial-blur</a>,
				1033	<a href="#random-threshold">-random-threshold</a>,
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1034	<a href="#separate">-separate</a>,
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1035	<a href="#threshold">-threshold</a>, and
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1036	<a href="#white-threshold">-white-threshold</a>.
				1037	</p>
				1038
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1039	<p>Warning, some operators behave differently when the <a href="#channel"
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1040	>+channel</a> default setting is in effect, verses ANY user defined <a
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1041	href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting (including the equivalent of the
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1042	default). These operators have yet to be made to understand the newer 'Sync'
				1043	flag. </p>
				1044
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1045	<p>For example <a href="#threshold">-threshold</a> will by default gray-scale
				1046	the image before thresholding, if no <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting
				1047	has been defined. This is not 'Sync flag controlled, yet. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1048
				1049	<p>Also some operators such as <a href="#blur">-blur</a>, <a
				1050	href="#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a>, will modify their handling of the
				1051	color channels if the '<kbd>alpha</kbd>' channel is also enabled by <a
				1052	href="#channel" >-channel</a>. Generally this done to ensure that
				1053	fully-transparent colors are treated as being fully-transparent, and thus any
				1054	underlying 'hidden' color has no effect on the final results. Typically
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1055	resulting in 'halo' effects. The newer <a href="#morphology">-morphology</a>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1056	convolution equivalents however does have a understanding of the 'Sync' flag
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1057	and will thus handle transparency correctly by default. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1058
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1059	<p>As a alpha channel is optional within images, some operators will read the
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1060	color channels of an image as a greyscale alpha mask, when the image has no
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1061	alpha channel present, and the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting tells
				1062	the operator to apply the operation using alpha channels. The <a
				1063	href="#clut">-clut</a> operator is a good example of this. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1064
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1065
				1066	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1067	<h4><a id="clamp"></a>-clamp</h4>
cristy	b4c03bb	2009-09-27 13:55:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1068	</div>
				1069
				1070	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Restrict image colors from 0 to the quantum depth.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1071
				1072	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	1073	<h4><a id="charcoal"></a>-charcoal <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-charcoal <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>+<em class="arg">bias</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1074	</div>
				1075
				1076	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Simulate a charcoal drawing.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1077
				1078	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1079	<h4><a id="chop"></a>-chop <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1080	</div>
				1081
				1082	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Remove pixels from the interior of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1083
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1084	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <em class="arg">width</em>
				1085	and <em class="arg">height</em> given in the of the <em class="arg">size</em>
				1086	portion of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument give the number of
				1087	columns and rows to remove. The <em class="arg">offset</em> portion of
				1088	the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument is influenced by
				1089	a <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting, if present.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1090
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1091	<p>The <a href="#chop">-chop</a> option removes entire rows and columns,
				1092	and moves the remaining corner blocks leftward and upward to close the gaps.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1093
cristy	acc0488	2011-05-04 23:03:43 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1094	<p>While it can remove internal rows and columns of pixels, it is more
				1095	typically used with as <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting and zero
				1096	offsets so as to remove a single edge from an image. Compare this to <a
				1097	href="#shave" >-shave</a> which removes equal numbers of pixels from oppisite
				1098	sides of the image. </p>
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1099
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	1100	<p>Using <a href="#chop">-chop</a> effectively undoes the results of a <a
cristy	acc0488	2011-05-04 23:03:43 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1101	href="#splice">-splice</a> that was given the same <em
				1102	class="arg">geometry</em> and <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> settings. </p>
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1103
				1104
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1105	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1106	<h4><a id="clip"></a>-clip</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1107	</div>
				1108
				1109	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply the clipping path if one is present.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1110
				1111	<p>If a clipping path is present, it is applied to subsequent operations.</p>
				1112
				1113	<p>For example, in the command</p>
				1114
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	1115	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert -clip -negate cockatoo.tif negated.tif</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1116	<p>only the pixels within the clipping path are negated.</p>
				1117
				1118	<p>The <a href="#clip">-clip</a> feature requires the XML library. If the XML library is not present, the option is ignored.</p>
				1119
				1120	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1121	<h4><a id="clip-mask"></a>-clip-mask</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1122	</div>
				1123
				1124	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Clip the image as defined by this mask.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1125
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1126	<p>Use the given image as a 'do-not-modify' mask of the current images in the
				1127	current image sequence. Assuming the clipmask is a greyscale image the same
				1128	size at the one already in memory, any areas that is white will not be
				1129	modified by any of the 'image processing operators' that follow, until the
				1130	mask is removed. Pixels in the black areas of the clip mask will be modified
				1131	as normal. </p>
				1132
				1133	<p>In some ways this is similar to (though not the same) as defining
				1134	a rectangular <a href="#region" >-region</a>, or using the negative of the
				1135	mask (thrid) image in a three image <a href="#composite" >-composite</a>,
				1136	operation. </p>
				1137
				1138
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1139	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1140	<h4><a id="clip-path"></a>-clip-path <em class="arg">id</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1141	</div>
				1142
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	1143	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Clip along a named path from the 8BIM profile.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1144
cristy	d241f44	2011-03-29 13:50:49 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1145	<p>This is almost identical to <a href="#clip">-clip</a>. </p>
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1146
				1147
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1148	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1149	<h4><a id="clone"></a>-clone <em class="arg">index(s)</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1150	</div>
				1151
cristy	8b9dd95	2011-03-21 22:56:18 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1152	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>make a clone of an image (or images).</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1153
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1154	<p>Inside parenthesis (where the operator is normally used) it will make a
				1155	clone of the images from the last 'pushed' image sequence, and adds them to
				1156	the end of the current image sequence. Outside parenthesis
				1157	(not recommended) it clones the images from the current image sequence. </p>
				1158
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1159	<p>Specify the image by its index in the sequence. The first image is index
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1160	0. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the sequence; for
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1161	example, <kbd>−1</kbd>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1162	represents the last image of the sequence. Specify a range of images with a
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1163	dash (e.g. <kbd>0−4</kbd>). Separate multiple indexes with commas but no
				1164	spaces (e.g. <kbd>0,2,5</kbd>). A value of '<kbd>0−−1</kbd> will
cristy	8b9dd95	2011-03-21 22:56:18 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1165	effectively clone all the images. </p>
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1166
				1167	<p>The <a href="#clone">+clone</a> will simply make a copy of the last image
cristy	baacd17	2011-04-30 23:11:03 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1168	in the image sequence, and is thus equivalent to using a argument of
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1169	'<kbd>−1</kbd>'. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1170
				1171	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1172	<h4><a id="clut"></a>-clut</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1173	</div>
				1174
				1175	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Replace the channel values in the first image using each
				1176	corresponding channel in the second image as a <b>c</b>olor
				1177	<b>l</b>ook<b>u</b>p <b>t</b>able.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1178
				1179	<p>The second (LUT) image is ordinarily a gradient image containing the
				1180	histogram mapping of how each channel should be modified. Typically it is a
				1181	either a single row or column image of replacement color values. If larger
				1182	than a single row or column, values are taken from a diagonal line from
				1183	top-left to bottom-right corners.</p>
				1184
				1185	<p>The lookup is further controlled by the <a
				1186	href="#interpolate">-interpolate</a> setting, which is especially handy for an
				1187	LUT which is not the full length needed by the ImageMagick installed Quality
				1188	(Q) level. Good settings for this are the '<kbd>bilinear</kbd>' and
				1189	'<kbd>bicubic</kbd>' interpolation settings, which give smooth color
				1190	gradients, and the '<kbd>integer</kbd>' setting for a direct, unsmoothed
				1191	lookup of color values. </p>
				1192
				1193	<p>This operator is especially suited to replacing a grayscale image with a
				1194	specific color gradient from the CLUT image. </p>
				1195
				1196	<p>Only the channel values defined by the <a href="#channel">-channel</a>
				1197	setting will have their values replaced. In particular, since the default <a
				1198	href="#channel">-channel</a> setting is <kbd>RGB</kbd>, this means that
				1199	transparency (alpha/matte channel) is not affected, unless the <a
				1200	href="#channel">-channel</a> setting is modified. When the alpha channel is
				1201	set, it is treated by the <a href="#clut" >-clut</a> operator in the same way
				1202	as the other channels, implying that alpha/matte values are replaced using the
				1203	alpha/matte values of the original image. </p>
				1204
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1205	<p>If either the image being modified, or the lookup image, contains no
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1206	transparency (i.e. <a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> is turned 'off') but the <a
				1207	href="#channel">-channel</a> setting includes alpha replacement, then it is
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1208	assumed that image represents a gray-scale gradient which is used for the
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1209	replacement alpha values. That is you can use a gray-scale CLUT image to
				1210	adjust a existing images alpha channel, or you can color a gray-scale image
				1211	using colors form CLUT containing the desired colors, including transparency.
				1212	</p>
				1213
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1214	<p>See also <a href="#hald-clut" >-hald-clut</a> which replaces colors
				1215	according to the lookup of the full color RGB value from a 2D representation
				1216	of a 3D color cube. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1217
				1218
				1219	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1220	<h4><a id="coalesce"></a>-coalesce</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1221	</div>
				1222
				1223	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Fully define the look of each frame of an GIF animation sequence, to form a 'film strip' animation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1224
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1225	<p>Overlay each image in an image sequence according to
				1226	its <a href="#dispose">-dispose</a> meta-data, to reproduce the look of
				1227	an animation at each point in the animation sequence. All images should be
				1228	the same size, and are assigned appropriate GIF disposal settings for the
				1229	animation to continue working as expected as a GIF animation. Such frames
				1230	are more easily viewed and processed than the highly optimized GIF overlay
				1231	images. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1232
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1233	<p>The animation can be re-optimized after processing using
				1234	the <a href="#layers">-layers</a> method '<kbd>optimize</kbd>', although
				1235	there is no guarantee that the restored GIF animation optimization is
				1236	better than the original. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1237
				1238
				1239	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1240	<h4><a id="colorize"></a>-colorize <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1241	</div>
				1242
				1243	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Colorize the image by an amount specified by <em class="arg">value</em> using the color specified by the most recent <a href="#fill" >-fill</a> setting.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1244
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1245	<p>Specify the amount of colorization as a percentage. Separate colorization
				1246	values can be applied to the red, green, and blue channels of the image with
				1247	a comma-delimited list of colorization
				1248	values (e.g., <kbd>-colorize 0,0,50</kbd>).</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1249
				1250	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1251	<h4><a id="colormap"></a>-colormap <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1252	</div>
				1253
				1254	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Define the colormap type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				1255
				1256	<p>The <em class="arg">type</em> can be <kbd>shared</kbd> or <kbd>private</kbd>.</p>
				1257
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1258	<p>This option only applies when the default X server visual
				1259	is <kbd>PseudoColor</kbd> or <kbd>GrayScale</kbd>. Refer
				1260	to <a href="#visual">-visual</a> for more details. By default,
				1261	a shared colormap is allocated. The image shares colors with
				1262	other X clients. Some image colors could be approximated,
				1263	therefore your image may look very different than intended.
				1264	If <kbd>private</kbd> is chosen, the image colors appear exactly
				1265	as they are defined. However, other clients may go <em>technicolor</em>
				1266	when the image colormap is installed.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1267
				1268	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1269	<h4><a id="colors"></a>-colors <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1270	</div>
				1271
				1272	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the preferred number of colors in the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1273
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1274	<p>The actual number of colors in the image may be less than your request,
				1275	but never more. Note that this a color reduction option. Images with fewer
				1276	unique colors than specified by <em class="arg">value</em> will have any
				1277	duplicate or unused colors removed. The ordering of an existing color
				1278	palette may be altered. When converting an image from color to grayscale,
				1279	it is more efficient to convert the image to the gray colorspace before
				1280	reducing the number of colors. Refer to
				1281	the <a href="../www/quantize.html">
				1282	color reduction algorithm</a> for more details.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1283
				1284	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1285	<h4><a id="color-matrix"></a>-color-matrix <em class="arg">matrix</em></h4>
cristy	2c83960	2010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1286	</div>
				1287
				1288	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply color correction to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1289
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1290	<p>This option permits saturation changes, hue rotation, luminance to alpha,
				1291	and various other effects. Although variable-sized transformation matrices
				1292	can be used, typically one uses a 5x5 matrix for an RGBA image and a 6x6
				1293	for CMYKA (or RGBA with offsets). The matrix is similar to those used by
				1294	Adobe Flash except offsets are in column 6 rather than 5 (in support of
				1295	CMYKA images) and offsets are normalized (divide Flash offset by 255).</p>
cristy	2c83960	2010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1296
				1297	<p>As an example, to add contrast to an image with offsets, try this command:</p>
				1298
				1299	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1300	convert kittens.jpg -color-matrix \
				1301	" 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \
				1302	0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \
				1303	0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \
				1304	0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0, 0.0, 0.0 \
				1305	0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 \
				1306	0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0, 0.0, 1.0" kittens.png
cristy	2c83960	2010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1307	</pre>
				1308	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1309	<h4><a id="colorspace"></a>-colorspace <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1310	</div>
				1311
				1312	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the image colorspace.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1313
				1314	<p>Choices are:</p>
				1315
				1316	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1317	CMY CMYK Gray HSB
				1318	HSL HWB Lab Log
				1319	OHTA Rec601Luma Rec601YCbCr Rec709Luma
				1320	Rec709YCbCr RGB sRGB Transparent
				1321	XYZ YCbCr YCC YIQ
				1322	YPbPr YUV
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1323	</pre>
				1324
				1325	<p>To print a complete list of colorspaces, use <a href="#list">-list colorspace</a>.</p>
				1326
				1327	<p>For a more accurate color conversion to or from the RGB, CMYK, or grayscale colorspaces, use the <a href="#profile">-profile</a> option.</p>
				1328
				1329	<table class="doc">
				1330	<caption>Conversion Of RGB To Other Color Spaces</caption>
				1331	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">CMY</th></tr>
				1332	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−R</td></tr>
				1333	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">M=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−G</td></tr>
				1334	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−B</td></tr>
				1335	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">CMYK — starts with CMY from above</th></tr>
				1336	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">K=min(C,Y,M)</td></tr>
				1337	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>*(C−K)/(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−K)</td></tr>
				1338	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">M=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>*(M−K)/(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−K)</td></tr>
				1339	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>*(Y−K)/(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−K)</td></tr>
				1340
				1341	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Gray</th></tr>
				1342	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Gray = 0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B</td></tr>
				1343
				1344	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">HSB — Hue, Saturation, Brightness; like a cone peak downward</th></tr>
				1345	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">H=angle around perimeter (0 to 360 deg); H=0 is red; increasing angles toward green</td></tr>
				1346	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">S=distance from axis outward</td></tr>
				1347	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">B=distance along axis from bottom upward; B=max(R,G,B); <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1348
				1349	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">HSL — Hue, Saturation, Lightness; like a double cone end-to-end with peaks at very top and bottom</th></tr>
				1350	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">H=angle around perimeter (0 to 360 deg); H=0 is red; increasing angles toward green</td></tr>
				1351	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">S=distance from axis outward</td></tr>
				1352	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">L=distance along axis from bottom upward; L=0.5max(R,G,B) + 0.5min(R,G,B); <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1353
				1354	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">HWB — Hue, Whiteness, Blackness</th></tr>
				1355	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Hue (complicated equation)</td></tr>
				1356	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Whiteness (complicated equation)</td></tr>
				1357	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Blackness (complicated equation)</td></tr>
				1358
				1359	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">LAB</th></tr>
				1360	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">L (complicated equation relating X,Y,Z)</td></tr>
				1361	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">A (complicated equation relating X,Y,Z)</td></tr>
				1362	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">B (complicated equation relating X,Y,Z)</td></tr>
				1363
				1364	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">LOG</th></tr>
				1365	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I1 (complicated equation involving logarithm of R)</td></tr>
				1366	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I2 (complicated equation involving logarithm of G)</td></tr>
				1367	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I3 (complicated equation involving logarithm of B)</td></tr>
				1368
				1369	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">OHTA — approximates principal components transformation</th></tr>
				1370	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I1=0.33333R+0.33334G+0.33333*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1371	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I2=(0.50000R+0.00000G−0.50000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1372	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I3=(−0.25000R+0.50000G−0.25000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1373
				1374	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec601Luma</th></tr>
				1375	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Gray = 0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B</td></tr>
				1376
				1377	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec601YCbCr</th></tr>
				1378	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.299000R+0.587000G+0.114000*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1379	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cb=(−0.168736R-0.331264G+0.500000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1380	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000R−0.418688G−0.081312B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1381
				1382	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec709Luma</th></tr>
				1383	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Gray=0.21260R+0.71520G+0.07220*B</td></tr>
				1384
				1385	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec709YCbCr</th></tr>
				1386	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.212600R+0.715200G+0.072200*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1387	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cb=(−0.114572R−0.385428G+0.500000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1388	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000R−0.454153G−0.045847B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1389
				1390	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">sRGB</th></tr>
cristy	f9a6c46	2011-04-24 14:01:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1391	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if Rs ≤ .04045 then Rs=R/12.92 else Rs=((R+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
				1392	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if Gs ≤ .04045 then Gs=B/12.92 else Gs=((G+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
				1393	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if Bs ≤ .04045 then Bs=B/12.92 else Bs=((B+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1394
				1395	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">XYZ</th></tr>
				1396	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">X=0.4124240R+0.3575790G+0.1804640*B</td></tr>
				1397	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.2126560R+0.7151580G+0.0721856*B</td></tr>
				1398	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Z=0.0193324R+0.1191930G+0.9504440*B</td></tr>
				1399
				1400	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YCC</th></tr>
				1401	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=(0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B) (with complicated scaling); <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1402	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C1=(−0.29900R−0.58700G+0.88600*B) (with complicated scaling)</td></tr>
				1403	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C2=(0.70100R−0.58700G−0.11400*B) (with complicated scaling)</td></tr>
				1404
				1405	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YCbCr</th></tr>
				1406	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.299000R+0.587000G+0.114000*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1407	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cb=(−0.168736R−0.331264G+0.500000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1408	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000R−0.418688G−0.081312B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1409
				1410	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YIQ</th></tr>
				1411	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1412	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I=(0.59600R−0.27400G−0.32200B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1413	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Q=(0.21100R−0.52300G+0.31200B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1414
				1415	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YPbPr</th></tr>
				1416	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.299000R+0.587000G+0.114000*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1417	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Pb=(−0.168736R−0.331264G+0.500000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1418	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Pr=(0.500000R−0.418688G−0.081312B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1419
				1420	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YUV</th></tr>
				1421	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1422	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">U=(−0.14740R−0.28950G+0.43690B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1423	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">V=(0.61500R−0.51500G−0.10000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1424	</table>
				1425
				1426	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1427	<h4><a id="combine"></a>-combine</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1428	</div>
				1429
				1430	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Combine one or more images into a single image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1431
				1432	<p>The channels (previously set by <a href="#channel">-channel</a>) of the combined image are taken from the grayscale values of each image in the sequence, in order. For the default -channel setting of <kbd>RGB</kbd>, this means the first image is assigned to the <kbd>Red</kbd> channel, the second to the <kbd>Green</kbd> channel, the third to the <kbd>Blue</kbd>.</p>
				1433
				1434	<p>This option can be thought of as the inverse to <a href="#separate">-separate</a>, so long as the channel settings are the same. Thus, in the following example, the final image should be a copy of the original.
				1435	</p>
				1436
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	1437	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert original.png -channel RGB -separate sepimage.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert sepimage-0.png sepimage-1.png sepimage-2.png -channel RGB \ <br/> -combine imagecopy.png</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1438	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1439	<h4><a id="comment"></a>-comment <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1440	</div>
				1441
				1442	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Embed a comment in an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1443
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1444	<p>This option sets the comment meta-data of an image read in after this
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1445	option has been given. To modify a comment of images already in memory use
				1446	"<kbd><a href="#set">-set</a> comment</kbd>". </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1447
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1448	<p>The comment can contain special format characters listed in the <a
				1449	href="../www/escape.html">Format and
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1450	Print Image Properties</a>. These attributes are expanded when the comment
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1451	is finally assigned to the individual images. </p>
				1452
				1453	<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">string</em> is <em
				1454	class="arg">@</em>, the image comment is read from a file titled by the
				1455	remaining characters in the string. Comments read in from a file are literal;
				1456	no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
				1457
				1458	<p>Comment meta-data are not visible on the image itself. To do that use the
				1459	<a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> or <a href="#draw">-draw</a> options
				1460	instead.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1461
				1462	<p>For example,</p>
				1463
				1464	<p class="crtsnip">
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1465	-comment "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1466	</p>
				1467
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1468	<p>produces an image comment of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> (assuming
				1469	that the image <kbd>bird.miff</kbd> has a width of 512 and a height of
				1470	480.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1471
				1472	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1473	<h4><a id="compose"></a>-compose <em class="arg">operator</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1474	</div>
				1475
				1476	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the type of image composition.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1477
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1478	<p>See <a href="../www/compose.html">Alpha Compositing</a> for
				1479	a detailed discussion of alpha compositing.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1480
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1481	<p>This setting effects image processing operators that merge two (or more)
				1482	images together in some way. This includes the operators,
				1483	<a href="#composite">-composite</a>,
				1484	<a href="#layers">-layers</a> composite,
				1485	<a href="#flatten">-flatten</a>,
				1486	<a href="#mosaic">-mosaic</a>,
				1487	<a href="#layers">-layers</a> merge,
				1488	<a href="#border">-border</a>,
				1489	<a href="#frame">-frame</a>,
				1490	and <a href="#extent">-extent</a>. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1491
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1492	<p>It is also one of the primary options for the "<kbd>composite</kbd>"
				1493	command. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1494
				1495
				1496	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1497	<h4><a id="composite"></a>-composite</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1498	</div>
				1499
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1500	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Perform alpha composition on two images and an optional mask</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1501
				1502	<p>Take the first image 'destination' and overlay the second 'source' image
				1503	according to the current <a href="#compose">-compose</a> setting. The location
				1504	of the 'source' or 'overlay' image is controlled according to <a
				1505	href="#geometry" >-geometry</a>, and <a href="#geometry" >-geometry</a>
				1506	settings. </p>
				1507
				1508	<p>If a third image is given this is treated as a gray-scale 'mask' image
				1509	relative to the first 'destination' image. This mask will limit what parts of
				1510	the destination can be modified by the image composition. However for the
				1511	'<kbd>displace</kbd>' compose method, the mask is used to provide a separate
				1512	Y-displacement image instead. </p>
				1513
				1514	<p>If a <a href="#compose">-compose</a> method requires extra numerical
				1515	arguments or flags these can be provided by setting the <a
				1516	href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd class="arg">option:compose:args</kbd>'
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1517	appropriately for the compose method. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1518
				1519	<p>Some <a href="#compose">-compose</a> methods can modify the 'destination'
				1520	image outside the overlay area. You can disable this by setting the special <a
				1521	href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd class="arg">option:compose:outside-overlay</kbd>'
				1522	to '<kbd>false</kbd>'. </p>
				1523
				1524
				1525	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1526	<h4><a id="compress"></a>-compress <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1527	</div>
				1528
				1529	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Use pixel compression specified by <em class="arg">type</em> when writing the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1530
				1531	<p>Choices are: <kbd class="arg">None</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">BZip</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">Fax</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">Group4</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">JPEG</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">JPEG2000</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">Lossless</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">LZW</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">RLE</kbd> or <kbd class="arg">Zip</kbd>.</p>
				1532
				1533	<p>To print a complete list of compression types, use <a href="#list">-list compress</a>.</p>
				1534
				1535	<p>Specify <a href="#compress">+compress</a> to store the binary image in an uncompressed format. The default is the compression type of the specified image file.</p>
				1536
				1537	<p>If <kbd>LZW</kbd> compression is specified but LZW compression has not been enabled, the image data is written in an uncompressed LZW format that can be read by LZW decoders. This may result in larger-than-expected GIF files.</p>
				1538
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	1539	<p><kbd>Lossless</kbd> refers to lossless JPEG, which is only available if the
				1540	JPEG library has been patched to support it. Use of lossless JPEG is generally
				1541	not recommended.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1542
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	1543	<p>
				1544	When writing an ICO file, you may request that the images be encoded in
				1545	PNG format, by specifying <kbd>Zip</kbd> compression.</p>
				1546
				1547	<p>
				1548	When writing a JNG file, specify <kbd>Zip</kbd> compression to request that
				1549	the alpha channel be encoded in PNG "IDAT" format, or <kbd>JPEG</kbd>
				1550	to request that it be encoded in JPG "JDAA" format.</p>
				1551
				1552	<p>Use the <a href="#quality">-quality</a> option to set the compression level
				1553	to be used by JPEG, PNG, MIFF, and MPEG encoders.
				1554	Use the <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor</a> option to set the
				1555	sampling factor to be used by JPEG, MPEG, and YUV encoders for down-sampling
				1556	the chroma channels.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1557
				1558	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1559	<h4><a id="contrast"></a>-contrast</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1560	</div>
				1561
				1562	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Enhance or reduce the image contrast.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1563
				1564	<p>This option enhances the intensity differences between the lighter and darker elements of the image. Use <a href="#contrast">-contrast</a> to enhance the image or <a href="#contrast">+contrast</a> to reduce the image contrast.</p>
				1565
				1566	<p>For a more pronounced effect you can repeat the option:</p>
				1567
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	1568	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -contrast -contrast rose_c2.png</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1569	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1570	<h4><a id="contrast-stretch"></a>-contrast-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em><br />-contrast-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em>{x<em class="arg">white-point</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1571	</div>
				1572
				1573	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Increase the contrast in an image by <em>stretching</em> the range of intensity values.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1574
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1575	<p>While performing the stretch, black-out at most <em
				1576	class="arg" >black-point</em> pixels and white-out at most <em
				1577	class="arg" >white-point</em> pixels. Or, if percent is used, black-out at most
				1578	<em class="arg" >black-point %</em> pixels and white-out at most <em
				1579	class="arg" >white-point %</em> pixels.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1580
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1581	<p>Prior to ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <a href="#contrast-stretch"
				1582	>-contrast-stretch</a> will black-out at most <em class="arg"
				1583	>black-point</em> pixels and white-out at most <em class="arg" >total pixels
				1584	minus white-point</em> pixels. Or, if percent is used, black-out at most <em
				1585	class="arg">black-point %</em> pixels and white-out at most <em class="arg"
				1586	>100% minus white-point %</em> pixels.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1587
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1588	<p>Note that <kbd>-contrast-stretch 0</kbd> will modify the image such that
				1589	the image's min and max values are stretched to 0 and <em class="QR"
				1590	>QuantumRange</em>, respectively, without any loss of data due to burn-out or
				1591	clipping at either end. This is not the same as <a href="#normalize"
cristy	d4d64ed	2010-08-22 22:19:33 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1592	>-normalize</a>, which is equivalent to <kbd>-contrast-stretch 0.15x0.05%</kbd> (or
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1593	prior to ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <kbd>-contrast-stretch 2%x99%</kbd>).</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1594
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1595	<p>Internally operator works by creating a histogram bin, and then uses that
				1596	bin to modify the image. As such some colors may be merged together when they
				1597	originally fell into the same 'bin'. </p>
				1598
				1599	<p>All the channels are normalized in concert by the came amount so as to
				1600	preserve color integrity, when the default <a href="#channel" >+channel</a>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1601	setting is in use. Specifying any other <a href="#channel" >-channel</a>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1602	setting will normalize the RGB channels independently.</p>
				1603
				1604	<p>See also <a href="#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect'
				1605	normalization of mathematical images. </p>
				1606
				1607	<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1608
				1609
				1610	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1611	<h4><a id="convolve"></a>-convolve <em class="arg">kernel</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1612	</div>
				1613
				1614	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Convolve an image with a user-supplied convolution kernel.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1615
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1616	<p>The <em class="arg">kernel</em> is a matrix specified as
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1617	a comma-separated list of integers (with no spaces), ordered left-to right,
				1618	starting with the top row. Presently, only odd-dimensioned kernels are
				1619	supported, and therefore the number of entries in the specified <em
				1620	class="arg">kernel</em> must be 3<sup>2</sup>=9, 5<sup>2</sup>=25,
				1621	7<sup>2</sup>=49, etc. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1622
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1623	<p>Note that the <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#convolve">‑convolve</a> operator supports the <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> setting. This option shifts the convolution so that
				1624	positive and negative results are relative to a user-specified bias value.
				1625	This is important for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick when dealing with
				1626	convolutions that contain negative as well as positive values. This is
				1627	especially the case with convolutions involving high pass filters or edge
				1628	detection. Without an output bias, the negative values is clipped at zero.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1629	</p>
				1630
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1631	<p>When using an ImageMagick with the HDRI compile-time setting, <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> is not needed, as ImageMagick is able to store/handle any
				1632	negative results without clipping to the color value range (0..QuantumRange).
				1633	See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page <a
cristy	4777498	2011-02-15 15:17:19 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1634	href="../www/high-dynamic-range.html">High
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1635	Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a
				1636	href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri">Usage</a> pages or this
				1637	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a>
				1638	entry. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1639
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1640
				1641	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1642	<h4><a id="crop"></a>-crop <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1643	</div>
				1644
				1645	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Cut out one or more rectangular regions of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1646
				1647	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				1648
				1649	<p>The <em class="arg">width</em> and <em class="arg">height</em> of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument give the size of the image that remains after cropping, and <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> in the <em class="arg">offset</em> (if present) gives the location of the top left corner of the cropped image with respect to the original image. To specify the amount to be removed, use <a href="#shave">-shave</a> instead.</p>
				1650
				1651	<p>If the <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> offsets are present, a single image is generated, consisting of the pixels from the cropping region. The offsets specify the location of the upper left corner of the cropping region measured downward and rightward with respect to the upper left corner of the image. If the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with <kbd>NorthEast</kbd>, <kbd>East</kbd>, or <kbd>SouthEast</kbd> gravity, it gives the distance leftward from the right edge of the image to the right edge of the cropping region. Similarly, if the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with <kbd>SouthWest</kbd>, <kbd>South</kbd>, or <kbd>SouthEast</kbd> gravity, the distance is measured upward between the bottom edges.</p>
				1652
				1653	<p>If the <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> offsets are omitted, a set of tiles of the specified geometry, covering the entire input image, is generated. The rightmost tiles and the bottom tiles are smaller if the specified geometry extends beyond the dimensions of the input image.</p>
				1654
				1655	<p>By adding a exclamation character flag to the geometry argument, the
				1656	cropped images virtual canvas page size and offset is set as if the
				1657	geometry argument was a viewport or window. This means the canvas page size
				1658	is set to exactly the same size you specified, the image offset set
				1659	relative top left corner of the region cropped. </p>
				1660
				1661	<p>If the cropped image 'missed' the actual image on its virtual canvas, a
				1662	special single pixel transparent 'missed' image is returned, and a 'crop
				1663	missed' warning given. </p>
				1664
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	1665	<p>It might be necessary to <a href="#repage" >+repage</a> the image prior to
				1666	cropping the image to ensure the crop coordinate frame is relocated to the
				1667	upper-left corner of the visible image. This is especially true when you are
				1668	going to write to an image format such as PNG that supports an image
				1669	offset.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1670
				1671	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1672	<h4><a id="cycle"></a>-cycle <em class="arg">amount</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1673	</div>
				1674
				1675	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>displace image colormap by amount.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1676
				1677	<p><em class="arg">Amount</em> defines the number of positions each
				1678	colormap entry is shifted.</p>
				1679
				1680
				1681	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1682	<h4><a id="debug"></a>-debug <em class="arg">events</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1683	</div>
				1684
				1685	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>enable debug printout.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1686
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	1687	<p>The <kbd>events</kbd> parameter specifies which events are to be logged. It can be either <kbd>None</kbd>, <kbd>All</kbd>, <kbd>Trace</kbd>, or a comma-separated list consisting of one or more of the following domains: <kbd>Accelerate</kbd>, <kbd>Annotate</kbd>, <kbd>Blob</kbd>, <kbd>Cache</kbd>, <kbd>Coder</kbd>, <kbd>Configure</kbd>, <kbd>Deprecate</kbd>, <kbd>Exception</kbd>, <kbd>Locale</kbd>, <kbd>Render</kbd>, <kbd>Resource</kbd>, <kbd>Security</kbd>, <kbd>TemporaryFile</kbd>, <kbd>Transform</kbd>, <kbd>X11</kbd>, or <kbd>User</kbd>. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1688
				1689
				1690	<p>For example, to log cache and blob events, use.</p>
				1691
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	1692	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert -debug "Cache,Blob" rose: rose.png</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1693	<p>The <kbd>User</kbd> domain is normally empty, but developers can log user events in their private copy of ImageMagick.</p>
				1694
				1695	<p>To print the complete list of debug methods, use <a href="#list">-list debug</a>.</p>
				1696
				1697	<p>Use the <a href="#log">-log</a> option to specify the format for debugging output.</p>
				1698
				1699	<p>Use <a href="#debug">+debug</a> to turn off all logging.</p>
				1700
				1701	<p>Debugging may also be set using the <kbd>MAGICK_DEBUG</kbd> <a href="../www/resources.html#environment">environment variable</a>. The allowed values for the <kbd>MAGICK_DEBUG</kbd> environment variable are the same as for the <a href="#debug">-debug</a> option.</p>
				1702
				1703
				1704	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1705	<h4><a id="decipher"></a>-decipher <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1706	</div>
				1707
				1708	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Decipher and restore pixels that were previously transformed by <a href="#encipher">-encipher</a>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1709
				1710	<p>Get the passphrase from the file specified by <em class="arg">filename</em>.</p>
				1711
				1712	<p>For more information, see the webpage, <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/www/cipher.html">ImageMagick: Encipher or Decipher an Image</a>.</p>
				1713
				1714
				1715	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1716	<h4><a id="deconstruct"></a>-deconstruct</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1717	</div>
				1718
				1719	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>find areas that has changed between images </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1720
				1721	<p>Given a sequence of images all the same size, such as produced by <a href="#coalesce">-coalesce</a>, replace the second and later images, with a smaller image of just the area that changed relative to the previous image. </p>
				1722
				1723	<p>The resulting sequence of images can be used to optimize an animation sequence, though will not work correctly for GIF animations when parts of the animation can go from opaque to transparent. </p>
				1724
				1725	<p>This option is actually equivalent to the <a href="#layers">-layers</a> method '<kbd>compare-any</kbd>'. </p>
				1726
				1727
				1728	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1729	<h4><a id="define"></a>-define <em class="arg">key</em>{<em class="arg">=value</em>}<em class="arg">...</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1730	</div>
				1731
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1732	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>add specific global settings generally used to control
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1733	coders and image processing operations.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1734
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1735	<p>This option creates one or more definitions for coders and decoders to use
				1736	while reading and writing image data. Definitions are generally used to
				1737	control image file format coder modules, and image processing operations,
				1738	beyond what is provided by normal means. Defined settings are listed in <a
				1739	href="#verbose" >-verbose</a> information ("<kbd>info:</kbd>" output format)
				1740	as "Artifacts". </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1741
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1742	<p>If <em class="arg">value</em> is missing for a definition, an empty-valued
				1743	definition of a flag is created with that name. This used to control on/off
				1744	options. Use <a href="#define">+define key</a> to remove definitions
				1745	previously created. Use <a href="#define">+define "*"</a> to remove all
				1746	existing definitions.</p>
				1747
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1748	<p>The same 'artifact' settings can also be defined using the <a
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1749	href="#set" >-set "option:<em class="arg">key</em>" "<em class="arg"
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1750	>value</em>"</a> option, which also allows the use of <a href="../www/escape.html" >Format and Print Image
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1751	Properties</a> in the defined value. </p>
				1752
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1753	<p>The <em>option</em> and <em>key</em> are case-independent (they are
				1754	converted to lowercase for use within the decoders) while the <em>value</em>
				1755	is case-dependent.</p>
				1756
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1757	<p>Such settings are global in scope, and effect all images and operations. </p>
				1758
				1759	<p>The following definitions are just some of the artifacts that are
				1760	available:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1761
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1762	<dl>
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	1763
				1764	<dt>compose:args=<em class="arg">arguments</em></dt>
				1765	<dd>Sets certain compose argument values when using convert ... -compose ... -composite. See <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/www/compose.html">Image Composition</a></dd>
				1766
				1767	<dt>distort:scale=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
				1768	<dd>Sets the output scaling factor for use with <a href="#distort">-distort</a></dd>
				1769
				1770	<dt>distort:viewport=WxH+X+Y</dt>
				1771	<dd>Sets the viewport for use with <a href="#distort">-distort</a></dd>
				1772
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1773	<dt>dcm:display-range=reset</dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1774	<dd>Set the display range to the minimum and maximum pixel values for the
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1775	DCM image format.</dd>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1776
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1777	<dt>dot:layout-engine=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1778	<dd>Set the specify the layout engine for the DOT image format (e.g.
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1779	<kbd>neato</kbd>).</dd>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1780
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1781	<dt>jpeg:extent=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1782	<dd>Restrict the maximum JPEG file size, for example <kbd>-define
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1783	jpeg:extent=400kb</kbd>.</dd>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1784
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1785	<dt>jpeg:size=<em class="arg">geometry</em></dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1786	<dd>Set the size hint of a JPEG image, for example, -define jpeg:size=128x128.
				1787	It is most useful for increasing performance and reducing the memory
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1788	requirements when reducing the size of a large JPEG image.</dd>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1789
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1790	<dt>jp2:rate=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1791	<dd>Specify the compression factor to use while writing JPEG-2000 files. The
				1792	compression factor is the reciprocal of the compression ratio. The valid
				1793	range is 0.0 to 1.0, with 1.0 indicating lossless compression. If defined,
				1794	this value overrides the -quality setting. A quality setting of 75
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1795	results in a rate value of 0.06641.</dd>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1796
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1797	<dt>mng:need-cacheoff</dt>
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1798	<dd>turn playback caching off for streaming MNG.</dd>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1799
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1800	<dt>png:bit-depth=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
				1801	<dt>png:color-type=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1802	<dd>desired bit-depth and color-type for PNG output. You can force the PNG
				1803	encoder to use a different bit-depth and color-type than it would have
				1804	normally selected, but only if this does not cause any loss of image
				1805	quality. Any attempt to reduce image quality is treated as an error and no
				1806	PNG file is written. E.g., if you have a 1-bit black-and-white image, you
				1807	can use these "defines" to cause it to be written as an 8-bit grayscale,
				1808	indexed, or even a 64-bit RGBA. But if you have a 16-million color image,
				1809	you cannot force it to be written as a grayscale or indexed PNG. If you
				1810	wish to do this, you must use the appropriate <a href="#depth">-depth</a>,
				1811	<a href="#colors">-colors</a>, or <a href="#type">-type</a> directives to
				1812	reduce the image quality prior to using the PNG encoder. Note that in
				1813	indexed PNG files, "bit-depth" refers to the number of bits per index,
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1814	which can be 1, 2, 4, or 8. In such files, the color samples always have
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1815	8-bit depth.</dd>
				1816
cristy	a4dfb12	2011-07-07 19:01:57 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1817	<dt>png:compression-filter=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
				1818	<dd> valid values are 0 through 7. 0-4 are the corresponding PNG filters,
				1819	5 means adaptive filtering except for images with a colormap, 6 means
				1820	adaptive filtering for all images, 7 means MNG "loco" compression.</dd>
				1821
cristy	87a7f07	2011-07-01 00:08:52 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1822	<dt>png:compression-level=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
				1823	<dd> valid values are 0 through 9, with 0 providing the least but fastest
				1824	compression and 9 usually providing the best and always the slowest.</dd>
				1825
				1826	<dt>png:compression-strategy=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
				1827	<dd> valid values are 0 through 4, meaning default, filtered, huffman_only,
cristy	a4dfb12	2011-07-07 19:01:57 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1828	rle, and fixed ZLIB compression strategy. If you are using an old zlib
				1829	that does not support Z_RLE (before 1.2.0) or Z_FIXED (before 1.2.2.2),
				1830	values 3 and 4, respectively, will use the zlib default strategy
				1831	instead.</dd>
cristy	87a7f07	2011-07-01 00:08:52 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1832
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	1833	<dt>png:format=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
				1834	<dd> valid values are <em class="arg">png8</em>, <em class="arg">png24</em>,
				1835	and <em class="arg">png32</em>. This property can be useful for specifying
				1836	the specific PNG format to be used, when the usual method of prepending the
				1837	format name to the output filename is inconvenient, such as when writing
				1838	a PNG-encoded ICO file.</dd>
				1839
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1840	<dt>png:exclude-chunk=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
				1841	<dt>png:include-chunk=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
				1842	<dd>ancillary chunks to be excluded from or included in PNG output.
				1843
				1844	<p>The<em class="arg">value</em> can be the name of a PNG chunk-type such
				1845	as <em class="arg">bKGD</em>, a comma-separated list of chunk-types,
				1846	or the word <em class="arg">all</em> or
				1847	the word <em class="arg">none</em>. There must be no spaces in the
				1848	list. Although PNG chunk-names are case-dependent, you can use
				1849	all lowercase names if you prefer.</p>
				1850
cristy	d241f44	2011-03-29 13:50:49 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1851	<p>The "include-chunk" and "exclude-chunk" lists only affect the behavior
				1852	of the PNG encoder and have no effect on the PNG decoder.</p>
				1853
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1854	<p>As a special case, if the <kbd>sRGB</kbd> chunk is excluded and
				1855	the <kbd>gAMA</kbd> chunk is included, the <kbd>gAMA</kbd> chunk will
				1856	only be written if gamma is not 1/2.2, since most decoders assume
				1857	sRGB and gamma=1/2.2 when no colorspace information is included in
				1858	the PNG file. Because the list is processed from left to right, you
				1859	can achieve this with a single define:</p>
				1860
				1861	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1862	-define png:include-chunk=none,gAMA
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1863	</pre>
				1864
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	1865	<p>As a special case, if the <kbd>sRGB</kbd> chunk is not excluded and
				1866	the PNG encoder recognizes that the image contains the sRGB ICC profile,
				1867	the PNG encoder will write the <kbd>sRGB</kbd> chunk instead of the entire
				1868	3144-byte ICC profile. To force the PNG encoder to write the sRGB
				1869	profile as an <kbd>iCCP</kbd> chunk in the output PNG instead of the
				1870	<kbd>sRGB</kbd> chunk, exclude the <kbd>sRGB</kbd> chunk.</p>
				1871
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1872	<p>The critical PNG chunks <kbd>IHDR</kbd>, <kbd>PLTE</kbd>,
cristy	a4dfb12	2011-07-07 19:01:57 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1873	<kbd>IDAT</kbd>, and <kbd>IEND</kbd> cannot be excluded. Any such
				1874	entries appearing in the list will be ignored.</p>
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1875
				1876	<p>If the ancillary PNG <kbd>tRNS</kbd> chunk is excluded and the
				1877	image has transparency, the PNG colortype is forced to be 4 or 6
				1878	(GRAY_ALPHA or RGBA). If the image is not transparent, then the
				1879	<kbd>tRNS</kbd> chunk isn't written anyhow, and there is no effect
				1880	on the PNG colortype of the output image.</p>
				1881
				1882	<p>The <a href="#strip">-strip</a> option does the equivalent of the
				1883	following for PNG output:</p>
				1884
				1885	<pre class="text">
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	1886	-define png:include-chunk=none,trns,gama
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1887	</pre>
				1888
				1889	<p>The default behavior is to include all known PNG ancillary chunks
cristy	f796427	2011-01-30 03:49:12 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1890	plus ImageMagick's private <kbd>vpAg</kbd> ("virtual page") chunk,
				1891	and to exclude all PNG chunks that are unknown to ImageMagick,
				1892	regardless of their PNG "copy-safe" status as described in the
				1893	PNG specification.</p>
cristy	d241f44	2011-03-29 13:50:49 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1894
				1895	<p>Any chunk names that are not known to ImageMagick are ignored
				1896	if they appear in either the "include-chunk" or "exclude-chunk" list.
				1897	The ancillary chunks currently known to ImageMagick are
				1898	<kbd>bKGD</kbd>, <kbd>cHRM</kbd>, <kbd>gAMA</kbd>, <kbd>iCCP</kbd>,
				1899	<kbd>oFFs</kbd>, <kbd>pHYs</kbd>, <kbd>sRGB</kbd>, <kbd>tEXt</kbd>,
				1900	<kbd>tRNS</kbd>, <kbd>vpAg</kbd>, and <kbd>zTXt</kbd>.</p>
				1901
cristy	f9a6c46	2011-04-24 14:01:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1902	<p>You can also put <kbd>date</kbd> in the list to include or exclude
				1903	the "Date:create" and "Date:modify" text chunks that ImageMagick normally
				1904	inserts in the output PNG.</p>
				1905
				1906	</dd>
				1907
				1908	<dt>png:preserve-colormap</dt>
				1909	<dd>Use the existing image->colormap. Normally the PNG encoder will
				1910	try to optimize the palette, eliminating unused entries and putting
				1911	the transparent colors first. If this flag is set, that behavior
				1912	is suppressed.</dd>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1913
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1914	<dt>ps:imagemask</dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1915	<dd>If the ps:imagemask flag is defined, the PS3 and EPS3 coders will create
				1916	Postscript files that render bilevel images with the Postscript imagemask
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1917	operator instead of the image operator.</dd>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1918
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1919	<dt>quantum:format=<em class="arg">type</em></dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1920	<dd>Set the type to <kbd>floating-point</kbd> to specify a floating-point
				1921	format for raw files (e.g. GRAY:) or for MIFF and TIFF images in HDRI mode
				1922	to preserve negative values. If <a href="#depth">-depth</a> 16 is
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1923	included, the result is a single precision floating point format.
				1924	If <a href="#depth">-depth</a> 32 is included, the result is
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1925	double precision floating point format.</dd>
				1926
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	1927	<dt>showkernel=1</em></dt>
				1928	<dd>Outputs (to 'standard error') all the information about a generated <a href="#morphology">-morphology</a> kernel.</dd>
				1929
				1930	<dt>tiff:quantum:polarity=min-is-black
				1931	<br />
				1932	tiff:quantum:polarity=min-is-white</dt>
				1933	<dd>Toggles the photometric interpretation</dd>
				1934
				1935	<dt>tiff:rows-per-strip=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
				1936	<dd>Sets the number of rows per strip</dd>
				1937
				1938	<dt>tiff:tile-geometry=<em class="arg">WxH</em></dt>
				1939	<dd>Sets the tile size for pyramid tiffs. Requires the suffix PTIF: before the outputname</dd>
				1940
				1941
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1942	</dl>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1943
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1944	<p>For example, to create a postscript file that will render only the black
				1945	pixels of a bilevel image, use:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1946
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	1947	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert bilevel.tif -define ps:imagemask eps3:stencil.ps</span></p>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1948	<p>Set attributes of the image registry by prefixing the value with
				1949	<kbd>registry:</kbd>. For example, to set a temporary path to put work files,
				1950	use:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1951
				1952	<p class="crtsnip">
				1953	-define registry:temporary-path=/data/tmp
				1954	</p>
				1955
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1956
				1957
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1958	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1959	<h4><a id="delay"></a>-delay <em class="arg">ticks</em> <br />-delay <em class="arg">ticks</em>x<em class="arg">ticks-per-second</em> {<em class="arg"><</em>} {<em class="arg">></em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1960	</div>
				1961
				1962	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>display the next image after pausing.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1963
				1964	<p>This option is useful for regulating the animation of image sequences <em>ticks/ticks-per-second</em> seconds must expire before the display of the next image. The default is no delay between each showing of the image sequence. The default ticks-per-second is 100.</p>
				1965
				1966	<p>Use <kbd>></kbd> to change the image delay <em>only</em> if its current value exceeds the given delay. <kbd><</kbd> changes the image delay <em>only</em> if current value is less than the given delay. For example, if you specify <kbd>30></kbd> and the image delay is 20, the image delay does not change. However, if the image delay is 40 or 50, the delay it is changed to 30. Enclose the given delay in quotation marks to prevent the <kbd><</kbd> or <kbd>></kbd> from being interpreted by your shell as a file redirection.</p>
				1967
				1968
				1969	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	323f35b	2011-03-24 23:05:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1970	<h4><a id="delete"></a>-delete <em class="arg">indexes</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1971	</div>
				1972
				1973	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>delete the image, specified by its index, from the image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1974
				1975	<p>Specify the image by its index in the sequence. The first image is index 0. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the sequence, for example, -1 represents the last image of the sequence. Specify a range of images with a dash (e.g. 0-4). Separate indexes with a comma (e.g. 0,2). Use <kbd>+delete</kbd> to delete the last image in the current image sequence.</p>
				1976
				1977
				1978	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1979	<h4><a id="density"></a>-density <em class="arg">width</em><br />-density <em class="arg">width</em>x<em class="arg">height</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1980	</div>
				1981
				1982	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the horizontal and vertical resolution of an image for rendering to devices.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1983
				1984	<p>This option specifies the image resolution to store while encoding a raster image or the canvas resolution while rendering (reading) vector formats such as Postscript, PDF, WMF, and SVG into a raster image. Image resolution provides the unit of measure to apply when rendering to an output device or raster image. The default unit of measure is in dots per inch (DPI). The <a href="#units">-units</a> option may be used to select dots per centimeter instead.</p>
				1985
				1986	<p>The default resolution is 72 dots per inch, which is equivalent to one point per pixel (Macintosh and Postscript standard). Computer screens are normally 72 or 96 dots per inch, while printers typically support 150, 300, 600, or 1200 dots per inch. To determine the resolution of your display, use a ruler to measure the width of your screen in inches, and divide by the number of horizontal pixels (1024 on a 1024x768 display).</p>
				1987
				1988	<p>If the file format supports it, this option may be used to update the stored image resolution. Note that Photoshop stores and obtains image resolution from a proprietary embedded profile. If this profile is not stripped from the image, then Photoshop will continue to treat the image using its former resolution, ignoring the image resolution specified in the standard file header.</p>
				1989
				1990	<p>The <a href="#density">-density</a> option sets an <em>attribute</em> and does not alter the underlying raster image. It may be used to adjust the rendered size for desktop publishing purposes by adjusting the scale applied to the pixels. To resize the image so that it is the same size at a different resolution, use the <a href="#resample">-resample</a> option.</p>
				1991
				1992	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1993	<h4><a id="depth"></a>-depth <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1994	</div>
				1995
				1996	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>depth of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1997
				1998	<p>This the number of bits in a color sample within a pixel. Use this option to specify the depth of raw images whose depth is unknown such as GRAY, RGB, or CMYK, or to change the depth of any image after it has been read.</p>
				1999
				2000	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2001	<h4><a id="descend"></a>-descend</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2002	</div>
				2003
				2004	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>obtain image by descending window hierarchy.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2005
				2006	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2007	<h4><a id="deskew"></a>-deskew <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2008	</div>
				2009
				2010	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>straighten an image. A threshold of 40% works for most images.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2011
				2012	<p>Use <a href="#set">-set</a> <kbd>option:deskew:auto-crop <em>width</em></kbd> to auto crop the image. The set argument is the pixel width of the image background (e.g 40).</p>
				2013
				2014	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2015	<h4><a id="despeckle"></a>-despeckle</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2016	</div>
				2017
				2018	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>reduce the speckles within an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2019
				2020	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2021	<h4><a id="direction"></a>-direction <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	2c83960	2010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2022	</div>
				2023
				2024	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>render text right-to-left or left-to-right.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2025
				2026	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2027	<h4><a id="displace"></a>-displace <em class="arg">horizontal-scale</em><br />-displace <em class="arg">horizontal-scale</em>x<em class="arg">vertical-scale</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2028	</div>
				2029
				2030	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>shift image pixels as defined by a displacement map.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				2031
				2032	<p>With this option, the 'overlay' image, and optionally the 'mask' image,
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2033	is used as a displacement map, which is used to displace the lookup of
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2034	what part of the 'background' image is seen at each point of the overlaid
				2035	area. Much like the displacement map is a 'lens' that redirects light shining
				2036	through it so as to present a distorted view the original 'background' image
				2037	behind it. </p>
				2038
				2039	<p>Any perfect grey areas of the displacement map produce a zero
				2040	displacement of the image. Black areas produce the given maximum negative
				2041	displacement of the lookup point, while white produce a maximum positive
				2042	displacement of the lookup. </p>
				2043
				2044	<p>Note that it is the lookup of the 'background' that is displaced, not a
				2045	displacement of the image itself. As such an area of the displacement map
				2046	containing 'white' will have the lookup point 'shifted' by a positive amount,
				2047	and thus generating a copy of the destination image to the right/downward from
				2048	the correct position. That is the image will look like it may have been
				2049	'shifted' in a negative left/upward direction. Understanding this is a very
				2050	important in understanding how displacement maps work. </p>
				2051
				2052	<p>The given arguments define the maximum amount of displacement in pixels
				2053	that a particular map can produce. If the displacement scale is large enough
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2054	it is also possible to lookup parts of the 'background' image that lie well
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2055	outside the bounds of the displacement map itself. That is you could very
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2056	easily copy a section of the original image from outside the overlay area
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2057	into the overlay area. </p>
				2058
				2059	<p>The '%' flag makes the displacement scale relative to the size of the
				2060	overlay image (100% = half width/height of image). Using '!' switches
				2061	percentage arguments to refer to the destination image size instead.
				2062	these flags were added as of IM v6.5.3-5.</p>
				2063
				2064	<p>Normally a single grayscale displacement map is provided, which with the
				2065	given scaling values will determine a single direction (vector) in which
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2066	displacements can occur (positively or negatively). However, if you also
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2067	specify a third image which is normally used as a <em class="arg">mask</em>,
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2068	the <em class="arg">composite image</em> is used for horizontal X
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2069	displacement, while the <em class="arg">mask image</em> is used for vertical Y
				2070	displacement. This allows you to define completely different displacement
				2071	values for the X and Y directions, and allowing you to lookup any point within
				2072	the <em class="arg">scale</em> bounds. In other words each pixel can lookup
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2073	any other nearby pixel, producing complex 2 dimensional displacements, rather
				2074	than a simple 1 dimensional vector displacements. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2075
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	2076	<p>Alternatively rather than supplying two separate images, as of IM v6.4.4-0,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2077	you can use the 'red' channel of the overlay image to specify the horizontal
				2078	or X displacement, and the 'green' channel for the vertical or Y displacement.
				2079	</p>
				2080
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2081	<p>As of IM v6.5.3-5 any alpha channel in the overlay image is used as a
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2082	mask the transparency of the destination image. However areas outside the
				2083	overlaid areas will not be effected. </p>
				2084
				2085
				2086	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2087	<h4><a id="display"></a>-display <em class="arg">host:display[.screen]</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2088	</div>
				2089
				2090	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specifies the X server to contact.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				2091
				2092	<p>This option is used with convert for obtaining image or font from this X server. See <em class="arg">X(1)</em>.</p>
				2093
				2094	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2095	<h4><a id="dispose"></a>-dispose <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2096	</div>
				2097
				2098	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>define the GIF disposal image setting for images that are being created or read in. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2099
				2100	<p>The layer disposal method defines the way each the displayed image is to be
				2101	modified after the current 'frame' of an animation has finished being
				2102	displayed (after its 'delay' period), but before the next frame on an
				2103	animation is to be overlaid onto the display. </p>
				2104
				2105	<p>Here are the valid methods:</p>
				2106
				2107	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2108	Undefined 0 No disposal specified (equivalent to '<kbd>none</kbd>').
				2109	None 1 Do not dispose, just overlay next frame image.
				2110	Background 2 Clear the frame area with the background color.
				2111	Previous 3 Clear to the image prior to this frames overlay.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2112	</pre>
				2113
				2114	<p>You can also use the numbers given above, which is what the GIF format
				2115	uses internally to represent the above settings. </p>
				2116
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2117	<p>To print a complete list of dispose methods, use <a href="#list">-list dispose</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2118
				2119	<p>Use <a href="#dispose" >+dispose</a>, turn off the setting and prevent
				2120	resetting the layer disposal methods of images being read in. </p>
				2121
				2122	<p>Use <a href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd>dispose</kbd>' method to set the image
				2123	disposal method for images already in memory.</p>
				2124
				2125	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2126	<h4><a id="dissimilarity-threshold"></a>-dissimilarity-threshold <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2127	</div>
				2128
				2129	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>maximum RMSE for subimage match (default 0.2).</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/compare.html">compare</a>]</td></tr></table>
				2130
				2131
				2132	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2133	<h4><a id="dissolve"></a>-dissolve <em class="arg">src_percent</em>[x<em class="arg">dst_percent</em>]</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2134	</div>
				2135
				2136	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>dissolve an image into another by the given percent.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				2137
				2138	<p>The opacity of the composite image is multiplied by the given percent, then
				2139	it is composited 'over' the main image. If <em class="arg">src_percent</em>
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2140	is greater than 100, start dissolving the main image so it becomes
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2141	transparent at a value of '<kbd class="arg">200</kbd>'. If both percentages
				2142	are given, each image are dissolved to the percentages given. </p>
				2143
				2144	<p>Note that dissolve percentages do not add, two opaque images dissolved
				2145	'50,50', produce a 75% transparency. For a 50% + 50% blending of the two
				2146	images, you would need to use dissolve values of '50,100'. </p>
				2147
				2148	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2149	<h4><a id="distort"></a>-distort <em class="arg">method arguments</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2150	</div>
				2151
				2152	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>distort an image, using the given <em class="arg">method</em> and its required <em class="arg">arguments</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2153
				2154	<p>The <em class="arg">arguments</em> is a single string containing a list
				2155	of floating point numbers separated by commas or spaces. The number of
				2156	and meaning of the floating point values depends on the distortion <em
				2157	class="arg">method</em> being used. </p>
				2158
				2159	<p>Choose from these distortion types:</p>
				2160
				2161	<table class="doc">
				2162	<tr valign="top">
				2163	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				2164	<th align="left">Description</th>
				2165	</tr>
				2166
				2167	<tr valign="top">
				2168	<td valign="top"><kbd>ScaleRotateTranslate</kbd>
				2169	<br/>or   <kbd>SRT</kbd></td>
				2170	<td valign="top">
				2171	Distort image by first scaling and rotating about a given 'center',
				2172	before translating that 'center' to the new location, in that order. It
				2173	is an alternative method of specifying a '<kbd>Affine</kbd>' type of
				2174	distortion, but without shearing effects. It also provides a good way
				2175	of rotating and displacing a smaller image for tiling onto a larger
				2176	background (IE 2-dimensional animations). <br/>
				2177
				2178	The number of arguments determine the specific meaning of each
				2179	argument for the scales, rotation, and translation operations. <br/>
				2180
				2181	<table style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">
				2182	<tr><td>#  </td><td>arguments meaning</td></tr>
				2183	<tr><td>1:</td><td><em>Angle_of_Rotation</em></td></tr>
				2184	<tr><td>2:</td><td><em>Scale   Angle</em></td></tr>
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2185	<tr><td>3:</td><td><em>X,Y     Angle</em></td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2186	<tr><td>4:</td><td><em>X,Y   Scale   Angle</em></td></tr>
				2187	<tr><td>5:</td>
				2188	<td><em>X,Y   ScaleX,ScaleY   Angle</em></td></tr>
				2189	<tr><td>6:</td>
				2190	<td><em>X,Y   Scale   Angle   NewX,NewY</em></td></tr>
				2191	<tr><td>7:</td>
				2192	<td><em>X,Y   ScaleX,ScaleY   Angle
				2193	NewX,NewY</em></td></tr>
				2194	</table>
				2195
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2196	This is actually an alternative way of specifying a 2 dimensional linear
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2197	'<kbd>Affine</kbd>' or '<kbd>AffineProjection</kbd>' distortion. </td> </tr>
				2198
				2199	<tr valign="top">
				2200	<td valign="top"><kbd>Affine</kbd></td>
				2201	<td valign="top">
				2202	Distort the image linearly by moving a list of at least 3 or more sets
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2203	of control points (as defined below). Ideally 3 sets or 12 floating
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2204	point values are given allowing the image to be linearly scaled,
				2205	rotated, sheared, and translated, according to those three points. See
				2206	also the related '<kbd>AffineProjection</kbd>' and '<kbd>SRT</kbd>'
				2207	distortions. <br/>
				2208
				2209	More than 3 sets given control point pairs (12 numbers) is least
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	2210	squares fitted to best match a linear affine distortion. If only 2
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2211	control point pairs (8 numbers) are given a two point image translation
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2212	rotation and scaling is performed, without any possible shearing,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2213	flipping or changes in aspect ratio to the resulting image. If only one
				2214	control point pair is provides the image is only translated, (which may
				2215	be a floating point non-integer translation). <br/>
				2216
				2217	This distortion does not include any form of perspective distortion.
				2218	</td>
				2219
				2220	</tr>
				2221
				2222	<tr valign="top">
				2223	<td valign="top"><kbd>AffineProjection</kbd></td>
				2224	<td valign="top">
				2225	Linearly distort an image using the given Affine Matrix of 6
				2226	pre-calculated coefficients forming a set of Affine Equations to map
				2227	the source image to the destination image.
				2228
				2229	<div style="text-align: center"><em>
				2230	s<sub>x</sub>, r<sub>x</sub>,
				2231	r<sub>y</sub>, s<sub>y</sub>,
				2232	t<sub>x</sub>, t<sub>y</sub>
				2233	</em></div>
				2234
				2235	See <a href="#affine" >-affine</a> setting for more detail, and
				2236	meanings of these coefficients. <br/>
				2237
				2238	The distortions '<kbd>Affine</kbd>' and '<kbd>SRT</kbd>' provide
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2239	alternative methods of defining this distortion, with ImageMagick doing
				2240	the calculations needed to generate the required coefficients. You can
				2241	see the internally generated coefficients, by using a <a
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	2242	href="#verbose" >-verbose</a> setting with those other variants. </td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2243
				2244	</tr>
				2245
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2246	<tr valign="top">
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2247	<td valign="top"><kbd>BilinearForward</kbd><br/>
				2248	<kbd>BilinearReverse</kbd></td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2249	<td valign="top">
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2250	Bilinear Distortion, given a minimum of 4 sets of coordinate pairs, or
				2251	16 values (see below). Not that lines may not appear straight after
				2252	distortion, though the distance between coordinates will remain
				2253	consistent. <br/>
				2254
				2255	The '<kbd>BilinearForward</kbd>' is used to map rectangles to any
				2256	quadrilateral, while the '<kbd>BilinearReverse</kbd>' form maps any
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	2257	quadrilateral to a rectangle, while preserving the straight line edges
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2258	in each case. <br/>
				2259
				2260	Note that '<kbd>BilinearForward</kbd>' can generate invalid pixels
				2261	which will be colored using the <a href="#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a>
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	2262	color setting. Also if the quadrilateral becomes 'flipped' the image
				2263	may disappear. <br/>
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2264
				2265	There are future plans to produce a true Bilinear distortion that will
				2266	attempt to map any quadrilateral to any other quadrilateral, while
				2267	preserving edges (and edge distance ratios).
				2268
				2269	</td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2270	</tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2271
				2272	<tr valign="top">
				2273	<td valign="top"><kbd>Perspective</kbd></td>
				2274	<td valign="top">
				2275	Perspective distort the images, using a list of 4 or more sets of
				2276	control points (as defined below). More that 4 sets (16 numbers) of
				2277	control points provide least squares fitting for more accurate
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	2278	distortions (for the purposes of image registration and panorama
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2279	effects). Less than 4 sets will fall back to a '<kbd>Affine</kbd>'
				2280	linear distortion. <br/>
				2281
				2282	Perspective Distorted images ensures that straight lines remain
				2283	straight, but the scale of the distorted image will vary. The horizon
				2284	is anti-aliased, and the 'sky' color may be set using the
				2285	<a href="#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a> setting. </td>
				2286	</tr>
				2287
				2288	<tr valign="top">
				2289	<td valign="top"><kbd>PerspectiveProjection</kbd>  </td>
				2290	<td valign="top">
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2291	Do a '<kbd>Perspective</kbd>' distortion biased on a set of 8
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2292	pre-calculated coefficients. You can get these coefficients by looking
				2293	at the <a href="#verbose" >-verbose</a> output of a
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	2294	'<kbd>Perspective</kbd>' distortion, or by calculating them yourself.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2295	If the last two perspective scaling coefficients are zero, the
				2296	remaining 6 represents a transposed 'Affine Matrix'. </td>
				2297
				2298	</tr>
				2299
				2300	<tr valign="top">
				2301	<td valign="top"><kbd>Arc</kbd></td>
				2302	<td valign="top">
				2303	Arc the image (variation of polar mapping) over the angle given around
				2304	a circle. <br/>
				2305	<table width="90%" style = "margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
				2306	<tr valign="top"><td>Argument</td>
				2307	<td>Meaning</td></tr>
				2308	<tr valign="top"><td><em>arc_angle</em></td>
				2309	<td>The angle over which to arc the image side-to-side</td></tr>
				2310	<tr valign="top"><td><em>rotate_angle</em></td>
				2311	<td>Angle to rotate resulting image from vertical center</td></tr>
				2312	<tr valign="top"><td><em>top_radius</em></td>
				2313	<td>Set top edge of source image at this radius</td></tr>
				2314	<tr valign="top"><td><em>bottom_radius</em> </td>
				2315	<td>Set bottom edge to this radius (radial scaling)</td></tr>
				2316	</table>
				2317
				2318	The resulting image is always resized to best fit the resulting image,
				2319	(as if using <a href="#distort" >+distort</a>) while attempting to
				2320	preserve scale and aspect ratio of the original image as much as
				2321	possible with the arguments given by the user. All four arguments will
				2322	be needed to change the overall aspect ratio of an 'Arc'ed image. <br/>
				2323
				2324	This a variation of a polar distortion designed to try to preserve the
				2325	aspect ratio of the image rather than direct Cartesian to Polar
				2326	conversion. </td>
				2327	</tr>
				2328
				2329	<tr valign="top">
				2330	<td valign="top"><kbd>Polar</kbd></td>
				2331	<td valign="top">
				2332	Like '<kbd>Arc</kbd>' but do a complete Cartesian to Polar mapping of
				2333	the image. that is the height of the input image is mapped to the
				2334	radius limits, while the width is wrapped around between the
				2335	angle limits. <br/>
				2336
				2337	Arguments: <em>Rmax,Rmin CenterX,CenterY, start,end_angle</em> <br/>
				2338
				2339	All arguments are optional. With <em>Rmin</em> defaulting to zero, the
				2340	center to the center of the image, and the angles going from -180 (top)
				2341	to +180 (top). If <em>Rmax</em> is given the special value of
				2342	'<code>0</code>', the the distance from the center to the nearest edge
				2343	is used for the radius of the output image, which will ensure the whole
				2344	image is visible (though scaled smaller). However a special value of
				2345	'<code>-1</code>' will use the distance from the center to the furthest
				2346	corner, This may 'clip' the corners from the input rectangular image,
				2347	but will generate the exact reverse of a '<kbd>DePolar</kbd>' with
				2348	the same arguments. <br/>
				2349
				2350	If the plus form of distort (<a href="#distort" >+distort</a>) is used
				2351	output image center will default to <code>0,0</code> of the virtual
				2352	canvas, and the image size adjusted to ensure the whole input image is
				2353	made visible in the output image on the virtual canvas. </td>
				2354
				2355	</tr>
				2356
				2357	<tr valign="top">
				2358	<td valign="top"><kbd>DePolar</kbd></td>
				2359	<td valign="top">
				2360	Uses the same arguments and meanings as a '<kbd>Polar</kbd>' distortion
				2361	but generates the reverse Polar to Cartesian distortion. <br/>
				2362
				2363	The special <em>Rmax</em> setting of '<code>0</code>' may however clip
				2364	the corners of the input image. However using the special
				2365	<em>Rmax</em> setting of '<code>-1</code>' (maximum center to corner
				2366	distance) will ensure the whole distorted image is preserved in the
				2367	generated result, so that the same argument to '<kbd>Polar</kbd>' will
				2368	reverse the distortion re-producing the original.
				2369
				2370	Note that as this distortion requires the area resampling of a circular
				2371	arc, which can not be handled by the builtin EWA resampling function.
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2372	As such the normal EWA filters are turned off. It is recommended some
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2373	form of 'super-sampling' image processing technique be used to produce
				2374	a high quality result. </td>
				2375
				2376	</tr>
				2377
				2378	<tr valign="top">
				2379	<td valign="top"><kbd>Barrel</kbd></td>
				2380	<td valign="top">
				2381	Given the four coefficients (A,B,C,D) as defined by <a
cristy	6bcf48e	2011-02-15 19:09:04 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2382	href="http://wiki.panotools.org/Lens_correction_model" >Helmut
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	2383	Dersch</a>, perform a barrel or pin-cushion distortion appropriate to
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2384	correct radial lens distortions. That is in photographs, make straight
				2385	lines straight again. <br/>
				2386
				2387	Arguments: <em>A   B   C</em>   [ <em>D</em>   [
				2388	<em>X</em> , <em>Y</em> ] ] <br/>
				2389	or <em>A<sub>x</sub> B<sub>x</sub> C<sub>x</sub> D<sub>x</sub>
				2390	A<sub>y</sub> B<sub>y</sub> C<sub>y</sub> D<sub>y</sub></em>
				2391	[ <em>X</em> , <em>Y</em> ] <br/>
				2392	So that it forms the function <br/>
				2393	Rsrc = r * ( <em>A</em>r<sup>3</sup> + <em>B</em>r<sup>2</sup> +
				2394	<em>C</em>*r + <em>D</em> )<br/>
				2395
				2396	Where <em>X</em>,<em>Y</em> is the optional center of the distortion
				2397	(defaulting to the center of the image). <br/>
				2398	The second form is typically used to distort images, rather than
				2399	correct lens distortions. <br/>
				2400	</td>
				2401
				2402	</tr>
				2403
				2404	<tr valign="top">
				2405	<td valign="top"><kbd>BarrelInverse</kbd></td>
				2406	<td valign="top">
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	2407	This is very similar to '<kbd>Barrel</kbd>' with the same set of
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2408	arguments, and argument handling. However it uses the inverse
				2409	of the radial polynomial,
				2410	so that it forms the function <br/>
				2411	Rsrc = r / ( <em>A</em>r<sup>3</sup> + <em>B</em>r<sup>2</sup> +
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2412	<em>C</em>*r + <em>D</em> )<br/>
				2413	Note that this is not the reverse of the '<kbd>Barrel</kbd>'
				2414	distortion, just a different barrel-like radial distortion method.
				2415
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2416	</td>
				2417	</tr>
				2418
				2419	<tr valign="top">
				2420	<td valign="top"><kbd>Shepards</kbd></td>
				2421	<td valign="top">
				2422	Distort the given list control points (any number) using an Inverse
				2423	Squared Distance Interpolation Method (<a
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2424	href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepard%27s_method" >Shepards
				2425	Method</a>). The control points in effect do 'localized' displacement
				2426	of the image around the given control point (preserving the look and
				2427	the rotation of the area near the control points. For best results
				2428	extra control points should be added to 'lock' the positions of the
				2429	corners, edges and other unchanging parts of the image, to prevent
				2430	their movement. <br/>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2431
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2432	The distortion has been likened to 'taffy pulling' using nails, or
				2433	pins' stuck in a block of 'jelly' which is then moved to the new
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	2434	position, distorting the surface of the jelly. <br/>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2435
cristy	baacd17	2011-04-30 23:11:03 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2436	Internally it is equivalent to generating a displacement map (see <a
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2437	href="#displace" >-displace</a>) for source image color look-up using
				2438	the <a href="#sparse-color" >-sparse-color</a> method of the same name.
				2439
				2440	</td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2441	</tr>
				2442
				2443	</table>
				2444
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2445	<p>To print a complete list of distortion methods, use <a href="#list">-list
				2446	distort</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2447
				2448	<p>Many of the above distortion methods such as '<kbd>Affine</kbd>',
				2449	'<kbd>Perspective</kbd>', and '<kbd>Shepards</kbd>' use a list control points
				2450	defining how these points in the given image should be distorted in the
				2451	destination image. Each set of four floating point values represent a source
				2452	image coordinate, followed immediately by the destination image coordinate.
				2453	This produces a list of values such as...</p>
				2454	<div style="text-align: center"><em>
				2455	U<sub>1</sub>,V<sub>1</sub> X<sub>1</sub>,Y<sub>1</sub>
				2456	U<sub>2</sub>,V<sub>2</sub> X<sub>2</sub>,Y<sub>2</sub>
				2457	U<sub>3</sub>,V<sub>3</sub> X<sub>3</sub>,Y<sub>3</sub>
				2458	...
				2459	U<sub>n</sub>,V<sub>n</sub> X<sub>n</sub>,Y<sub>n</sub>
				2460	</em></div>
				2461	<p>where <em>U,V</em> on the source image is mapped to <em>X,Y</em> on the
				2462	destination image. </p>
				2463
				2464	<p>For example, to warp an image using '<kbd>perspective</kbd>' distortion,
				2465	needs a list of at least 4 sets of coordinates, or 16 numbers. Here is the
				2466	perspective distortion of the built-in "rose:" image. Note how spaces were
				2467	used to group the 4 sets of coordinate pairs, to make it easier to read and
				2468	understand.</p>
				2469
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	2470	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2471	convert rose: -virtual-pixel black \<br/>
				2472	-distort Perspective '0,0,0,0 0,45,0,45 69,0,60,10 69,45,60,35' \<br/>
				2473	rose_3d_rotated.gif</span></p>
				2474	<p>If more that the required number of coordinate pairs are given for
				2475	a distortion, the distortion method is 'least squares' fitted to produce the
				2476	best result for all the coordinate pairs given. If less than the ideal number
				2477	of points are given, the distort will generally fall back to a simpler form of
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	2478	distortion that can handles the smaller number of coordinates (usually a linear
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2479	'<kbd>Affine</kbd>' distortion). </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2480
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2481	<p>By using more coordinates you can make use of image registration tool to
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2482	find matching coordinate pairs in overlapping images, so as to improve the
				2483	'fit' of the distortion. Of course a bad coordinate pair can also make the
				2484	'fit' worse. Caution is always advised. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2485
				2486	<p>Colors are acquired from the source image according to the <a
				2487	href="#interpolate" >-interpolate</a> color lookup setting, when the image is
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2488	magnified. However if the viewed image is minified (image becomes smaller),
				2489	a special area resampling function (added ImageMagick v6.3.5-9), is used to
				2490	produce a higher quality image. For example you can use
				2491	a '<kbd>perspective</kbd>' distortion to view a infinitely tiled 'plane' all
				2492	the way to the horizon. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2493
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	2494	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2495	convert -size 90x90 pattern:checkerboard -normalize -virtual-pixel tile \<br/>
				2496	-distort perspective '0,0,5,45 89,0,45,46 0,89,0,89 89,89,89,89' \<br/>
				2497	checks_tiled.jpg</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2498	<p>Note that a infinitely tiled perspective images involving the horizon can
				2499	be very slow to generate due to the use of the high quality 'area resampling'
				2500	function (added ImageMagick v6.3.5-9). You can turn off 'area resampling'
				2501	using a <a href="#filter" >-filter</a> setting of '<kbd>point</kbd>'
				2502	(recommended if you plan to use super-sampling instead). </p>
				2503
				2504	<p>If an image generates <i>invalid pixels</i>, such as the 'sky' in the last
				2505	'<kbd>perspective</kbd>' distortion example, <a href="#distort" >-distort</a>
				2506	will use the current <a href="#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a> setting for these
				2507	pixels. If you do not what these pixels to be visible, set the color to match
				2508	the rest of the ground. </p>
				2509
				2510	<p>The output image size will by default be the same as the input image. This
				2511	means that if the part of the distorted image falls outside the viewed area of
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2512	the 'distorted space', those parts is clipped and lost. However if you use
				2513	the plus form of the operator (<a href="#distort" >+distort</a>) the operator
				2514	will attempt (if possible) to show the whole of the distorted image, while
				2515	retaining a correct 'virtual canvas' offset, for image layering. This offset
				2516	may need to be removed using <a href="#repage" >+repage</a>, to remove if it
				2517	is unwanted. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2518
				2519	<p>You can alternatively specify a special "<kbd><a href="#set" >-set</a>
				2520	option:distort:viewport {geometry_string}</kbd>" setting which will specify
				2521	the size and the offset of the generated 'viewport' image of the distorted
				2522	image space.</p>
				2523
				2524	<p>Adding a "<kbd><a href="#set" >-set</a> option:distort:scale
				2525	{scale_factor}</kbd>" will scale the output image (viewport or otherwise) by
				2526	that factor without changing the viewed contents of the distorted image. This
				2527	can be used either for 'super-sampling' the image for a higher quality result,
				2528	or for panning and zooming around the image (with appropriate viewport
				2529	changes, or post-distort cropping and resizing). </p>
				2530
				2531	<p>Setting <a href="#verbose" >-verbose</a> setting, will cause <a
				2532	href="#distort" >-distort</a> to attempt to output the internal coefficients,
				2533	and the <a href="#fx" >-fx</a> equivalent to the distortion, for expert study,
				2534	and debugging purposes. This many not be available for all distorts. </p>
				2535
				2536	<p>Affine rotations and shears (such as '<kbd>SRT</kbd>' distortion), tend to
				2537	produce a cleaner result that the equivalent <a href="#rotate" >-rotate</a>
				2538	and/or <a href="#shear" >-shear</a> operation, with more control of due to the
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2539	above settings. It is algorithmically slower however, though that may not be
				2540	the case in ImageMagick's implementation. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2541
				2542
				2543	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2544	<h4><a id="dither"></a>-dither <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2545	</div>
				2546
				2547	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a Riemersma or Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion dither to images when general color reduction is applied via an option, or automagically when saving to specific formats. This enabled by default. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2548
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2549	<p>Dithering places two or more colors in neighboring pixels so that to the eye a closer approximation of the images original color is reproduced. This reduces the number of colors needed to reproduce the image but at the cost of a lower level pattern of colors. Error diffusion dithers can use any set of colors (generated or user defined) to an image. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2550
				2551	<p>Dithering is turned on by default, to turn it off use the plus form of the
				2552	setting, <a href="#dither">+dither</a>. This will also also render PostScript
				2553	without text or graphic aliasing. Disabling dithering often (but not always)
				2554	leads to faster process, a smaller number of colors, but more cartoon like
				2555	image coloring. Generally resulting in 'color banding' effects in areas with
				2556	color gradients. </p>
				2557
				2558	<p>The color reduction operators <a href="#colors">-colors</a>, <a
				2559	href="#monochrome">-monochrome</a>, <a href="#remap ">-remap</a>, and <a href="#posterize">-posterize</a>, apply dithering to images using the reduced color set they created. These operators are also used as part of automatic color reduction when saving images to formats with limited color support, such as <kbd>GIF:</kbd>, <kbd>XBM:</kbd>, and others, so dithering may also be used in these cases. </p>
				2560
				2561	<p>Alternatively you can use <a href="#random-threshold">-random-threshold</a> to generate purely random dither. Or use <a href="#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a> to apply threshold mapped dither patterns, using uniform color maps, rather than specific color maps. </p>
				2562
				2563
				2564	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2565	<h4><a id="draw"></a>-draw <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2566	</div>
				2567
				2568	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Annotate an image with one or more graphic primitives.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2569
				2570	<p>Use this option to annotate or decorate an image with one or more graphic primitives. The primitives include shapes, text, transformations, and pixel operations.</p>
				2571
				2572	<p>The shape primitives:</p>
				2573
				2574	<pre class="text">
				2575	point x,y
				2576	line x0,y0 x1,y1
				2577	rectangle x0,y0 x1,y1
				2578	roundRectangle x0,y0 x1,y1 wc,hc
				2579	arc x0,y0 x1,y1 a0,a1
				2580	ellipse x0,y0 rx,ry a0,a1
				2581	circle x0,y0 x1,y1
				2582	polyline x0,y0 ... xn,yn
				2583	polygon x0,y0 ... xn,yn
				2584	bezier x0,y0 ... xn,yn
				2585	path path specification
				2586	image operator x0,y0 w,h filename
				2587	</pre>
				2588
				2589	<p>The text primitive:</p>
				2590
				2591	<pre class="text">
				2592	text x0,y0 string
				2593	</pre>
				2594	<p>The text gravity primitive:</p>
				2595
				2596	<pre class="text">
				2597	gravity NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center,
				2598	East, SouthWest, South, or SouthEast
				2599	</pre>
				2600
				2601	<p>The text gravity primitive only affects the placement of text and does not interact with the other primitives. It is equivalent to using the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> command-line option, except that it is limited in scope to the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option in which it appears.</p>
				2602
				2603	<p>The transformation primitives:</p>
				2604
				2605	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2606	rotate degrees
				2607	translate dx,dy
				2608	scale sx,sy
				2609	skewX degrees
				2610	skewY degrees
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2611	</pre>
				2612
				2613	<p>The pixel operation primitives:</p>
				2614
				2615	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2616	color x0,y0 method
				2617	matte x0,y0 method
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2618	</pre>
				2619
				2620	<p>The shape primitives are drawn in the color specified by the preceding <a href="#fill">-fill</a> setting. For unfilled shapes, use <a href="#fill">-fill none</a>. You can optionally control the stroke (the "outline" of a shape) with the <a href="#stroke">-stroke</a> and <a href="#strokewidth">-strokewidth</a> settings.</p>
				2621
				2622	<p>A <kbd>point</kbd> primitive is specified by a single <em>point</em> in the pixel plane, that is, by an ordered pair of integer coordinates, <em>x</em>,<em>y</em>. (As it involves only a single pixel, a <kbd>point</kbd> primitive is not affected by <a href="#stroke">-stroke</a> or <a href="#strokewidth">-strokewidth</a>.)</p>
				2623
				2624	<p>A <kbd>line</kbd> primitive requires a start point and end point.</p>
				2625
				2626	<p>A <kbd>rectangle</kbd> primitive is specified by the pair of points at the upper left and lower right corners.</p>
				2627
				2628	<p>A <kbd>roundRectangle</kbd> primitive takes the same corner points as a <kbd>rectangle</kbd> followed by the width and height of the rounded corners to be removed.</p>
				2629
				2630	<p>The <kbd>circle</kbd> primitive makes a disk (filled) or circle (unfilled). Give the center and any point on the perimeter (boundary).</p>
				2631
				2632	<p>The <kbd>arc</kbd> primitive is used to inscribe an elliptical segment in to a given rectangle. An <kbd>arc</kbd> requires the two corners used for <kbd>rectangle</kbd> (see above) followed by the start and end angles of the arc of the segment segment (e.g. 130,30 200,100 45,90). The start and end points produced are then joined with a line segment and the resulting segment of an ellipse is filled.</p>
				2633
				2634	<p>Use <kbd>ellipse</kbd> to draw a partial (or whole) ellipse. Give the center point, the horizontal and vertical "radii" (the <em>semi-axes</em> of the ellipse) and start and end angles in degrees (e.g. 100,100 100,150 0,360).</p>
				2635
				2636	<p>The <kbd>polyline</kbd> and <kbd>polygon</kbd> primitives require three or more points to define their perimeters. A <kbd>polyline</kbd> is simply a <kbd>polygon</kbd> in which the final point is not stroked to the start point. When unfilled, this is a <em>polygonal line</em>. If the <a href="#stroke">-stroke</a> setting is <kbd>none</kbd> (the default), then a <kbd>polyline</kbd> is identical to a <kbd>polygon</kbd>.
				2637	</p>
				2638
				2639	<p>A <em>coordinate</em> is a pair of integers separated by a space or optional comma. </p>
				2640
				2641	<p>As an example, to define a circle centered at 100,100 that extends to 150,150 use:</p>
				2642
				2643	<p class="crtsnip">
				2644	-draw 'circle 100,100 150,150'
				2645	</p>
				2646
				2647	<p>The <kbd>Bezier</kbd> primitive creates a spline curve and requires three or points to define its shape. The first and last points are the <em>knots</em> and these points are attained by the curve, while any intermediate coordinates are <em>control points</em>. If two control points are specified, the line between each end knot and its sequentially respective control point determines the tangent direction of the curve at that end. If one control point is specified, the lines from the end knots to the one control point determines the tangent directions of the curve at each end. If more than two control points are specified, then the additional control points act in combination to determine the intermediate shape of the curve. In order to
				2648	draw complex curves, it is highly recommended either to use the <kbd>path</kbd> primitive or to draw multiple four-point bezier segments with the start and end knots of each successive segment repeated. For example:</p>
				2649
				2650	<p class="crtsnip">
				2651	-draw 'bezier 20,50 45,100 45,0 70,50'
				2652	</p>
				2653	<p class="crtsnip">
				2654	-draw 'bezier 70,50 95,100 95,0 120,50'
				2655	</p>
				2656
				2657
				2658	<p>A <kbd>path</kbd> represents an outline of an object, defined in terms of moveto (set a new current point), lineto (draw a straight line), curveto (draw a Bezier curve), arc (elliptical or circular arc) and closepath (close the current shape by drawing a line to the last moveto) elements. Compound paths (i.e., a path with subpaths, each consisting of a single moveto followed by one or more line or curve operations) are possible to allow effects such as <em>donut holes</em> in objects. (See <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/paths.html">Paths</a>.)</p>
				2659
				2660	<p>Use <kbd>image</kbd> to composite an image with another image. Follow the image keyword with the composite operator, image location, image size, and filename:</p>
				2661
				2662	<p class="crtsnip">
				2663	-draw 'image SrcOver 100,100 225,225 image.jpg'
				2664	</p>
				2665
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2666	<p>You can use 0,0 for the image size, which means to use the actual
				2667	dimensions found in the image header. Otherwise, it is scaled to the given
				2668	dimensions. See <a href="../www/compose.html">Alpha Compositing</a> for
cristy	29c5c99	2011-06-25 13:58:49 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2669	a detailed discussion of alpha composition methods that are available.
				2670	The "special augmented compose operators" such as "dissolve" that require
				2671	arguments cannot be used at present with the <kbd>-draw image</kbd> option.
				2672	</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2673	<p>Use <kbd>text</kbd> to annotate an image with text. Follow the text coordinates with a string. If the string has embedded spaces, enclose it in single or double quotes.</p>
				2674
				2675	<p>For example, the following annotates the image with <kbd>Works like magick!</kbd> for an image titled <kbd>bird.miff</kbd>. </p>
				2676
				2677	<p class="crtsnip">
cristy	4bf6e23	2011-05-21 01:43:33 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2678	-draw "text 100,100 'Works like magick!' "
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2679	</p>
				2680
				2681	<p>See the <a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> option for another convenient way to annotate an image with text.</p>
				2682
				2683	<p>The <kbd>rotate</kbd> primitive rotates subsequent shape primitives and text primitives about the origin of the main image. If the <a href="#region">-region</a> option precedes the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option, the origin for transformations is the upper left corner of the region.</p>
				2684
				2685	<p>The <kbd>translate</kbd> primitive translates subsequent shape and text primitives.</p>
				2686
				2687	<p>The <kbd>scale</kbd> primitive scales them.</p>
				2688
				2689	<p>The <kbd>skewX</kbd> and <kbd>skewY</kbd> primitives skew them with respect to the origin of the main image or the region.</p>
				2690
				2691	<p>The transformations modify the current affine matrix, which is initialized from the initial affine matrix defined by the <a href="#affine">-affine</a> option. Transformations are cumulative within the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option. The initial affine matrix is not affected; that matrix is only changed by the appearance of another <a href="#affine">-affine</a> option. If another <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option appears, the current affine matrix is reinitialized from the initial affine
				2692	matrix.</p>
				2693
				2694	<p>Use the <kbd>color</kbd> primitive to change the color of a pixel to the fill color (see <a href="#fill">-fill</a>). Follow the pixel coordinate with a method:</p>
				2695
				2696	<pre class="text">
				2697	point
				2698	replace
				2699	floodfill
				2700	filltoborder
				2701	reset
				2702	</pre>
				2703
				2704	<p>Consider the target pixel as that specified by your coordinate. The <kbd>point</kbd> method recolors the target pixel. The <kbd>replace</kbd> method recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel. <kbd>Floodfill</kbd> recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel and is a neighbor, whereas <kbd>filltoborder</kbd> recolors any neighbor pixel that is not the border color. Finally, <kbd>reset</kbd> recolors all pixels.</p>
				2705
				2706	<p>Use <kbd>matte</kbd> to the change the pixel matte value to transparent. Follow the pixel coordinate with a method (see the <kbd>color</kbd> primitive for a description of methods). The <kbd>point</kbd> method changes the matte value of the target pixel. The <kbd>replace</kbd> method changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel. <kbd>Floodfill</kbd> changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel and is a neighbor, whereas <kbd>filltoborder</kbd> changes the matte value of any neighbor pixel that is not the border color (<a href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a>). Finally <kbd>reset</kbd> changes the matte value of all pixels.</p>
				2707
				2708	<p>You can set the primitive color, font, and font bounding box color with <a href="#fill">-fill</a>, <a href="#font">-font</a>, and <a href="#box">-box</a> respectively. Options are processed in command line order so be sure to use these options <em>before</em> the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option.</p>
				2709
				2710	<p>Strings that begin with a number must be quoted (e.g. use '1.png' rather than 1.png).</p>
				2711
				2712	<p>Drawing primitives conform to the <a href="../www/magick-vector-graphics.html">Magick Vector Graphics</a> format.</p>
				2713
cristy	2dcd682	2011-06-13 16:21:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2714
cristy	8b9dd95	2011-03-21 22:56:18 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2715	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	323f35b	2011-03-24 23:05:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2716	<h4><a id="duplicate"></a>-duplicate <em class="arg">count,indexes</em></h4>
cristy	8b9dd95	2011-03-21 22:56:18 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2717	</div>
				2718
cristy	323f35b	2011-03-24 23:05:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2719	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>duplicate an image one or more times.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	8b9dd95	2011-03-21 22:56:18 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2720
cristy	323f35b	2011-03-24 23:05:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2721	<p>Specify the count and the image to duplicate by its index in the sequence. The first image is index 0. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the sequence, for example, -1 represents the last image of the sequence. Specify a range of images with a dash (e.g. 0-4). Separate indexes with a comma (e.g. 0,2). Use <kbd>+duplicate</kbd> to duplicate the last image in the current image sequence.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2722
				2723	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2724	<h4><a id="edge"></a>-edge <em class="arg">radius</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2725	</div>
				2726
				2727	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>detect edges within an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2728
				2729	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2730	<h4><a id="emboss"></a>-emboss <em class="arg">radius</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2731	</div>
				2732
				2733	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>emboss an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2734
				2735	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2736	<h4><a id="encipher"></a>-encipher <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2737	</div>
				2738
				2739	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Encipher pixels for later deciphering by <a href="#decipher">-decipher</a>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2740
				2741	<p>Get the passphrase from the file specified by <em class="arg">filename</em>.</p>
				2742
				2743	<p>For more information, see the webpage, <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/www/cipher.html">ImageMagick: Encipher or Decipher an Image</a>.</p>
				2744
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2745
				2746
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2747	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2748	<h4><a id="encoding"></a>-encoding <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2749	</div>
				2750
				2751	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the text encoding.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2752
				2753	<p>Choose from <kbd>AdobeCustom</kbd>, <kbd>AdobeExpert</kbd>, <kbd>AdobeStandard</kbd>, <kbd>AppleRoman</kbd>, <kbd>BIG5</kbd>, <kbd>GB2312</kbd>, <kbd>Latin 2</kbd>, <kbd>None</kbd>, <kbd>SJIScode</kbd>, <kbd>Symbol</kbd>, <kbd>Unicode</kbd>, <kbd>Wansung</kbd>.</p>
				2754
				2755	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2756	<h4><a id="endian"></a>-endian <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2757	</div>
				2758
				2759	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify endianness (<kbd>MSB</kbd> or <kbd>LSB</kbd>) of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2760
				2761	<p>To print a complete list of endian types, use the <a href="#list">-list endian</a> option.</p>
				2762
				2763	<p>Use <a href="#endian">+endian</a> to revert to unspecified endianness.</p>
				2764
				2765
				2766	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2767	<h4><a id="enhance"></a>-enhance</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2768	</div>
				2769
				2770	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a digital filter to enhance a noisy image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2771
				2772
				2773	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2774	<h4><a id="equalize"></a>-equalize</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2775	</div>
				2776
				2777	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>perform histogram equalization on the image channel-by-channel.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2778
				2779	<p>To perform histogram equalization on all channels in concert, transform the image into some other color space, such as HSL, OHTA, YIQ or YUV, then equalize the appropriate intensity-like channel, then convert back to RGB.</p>
				2780
				2781	<p>For example using HSL, we have: ... <kbd>-colorspace HSL -channel lightness -equalize -colorspace RGB</kbd> ...</p>
				2782
				2783	<p>For YIQ, YUV and OHTA use the red channel. For example, OHTA is a principal components transformation that puts most of the information in the first channel. Here we have ... <kbd>-colorspace OHTA -channel red -equalize -colorspace RGB</kbd> ...</p>
				2784
				2785	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2786	<h4><a id="evaluate"></a>-evaluate <em class="arg">operator value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2787	</div>
				2788
				2789	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Alter channel pixels by evaluating an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2790
				2791	<p>(See the <a href="#function" >-function</a> operator for some multi-parameter functions. See the <a href="#fx" >-fx</a> operator if more elaborate calculations are needed.)</p>
				2792
				2793	<p>The behaviors of each <em class="arg">operator</em> are summarized in the following list. For brevity, the numerical value of a "pixel" referred to below is the value of the corresponding channel of that pixel, while a "normalized pixel" is that number divided by the maximum (installation-dependent) value <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>. (If normalized pixels are used, they are restored, following the other calculations, to the full range by multiplying by <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.)</p>
				2794
				2795	<table class="doc">
				2796	<col width="25%" />
				2797	<col width="75%" />
				2798	<thead>
				2799	<tr>
				2800	<th><em class="arg">operator</em></th>
				2801	<th>Summary (see further below for details)</th>
				2802	</tr>
				2803	</thead>
				2804	<tbody>
				2805
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2806	<tr><td>Abs </td> <td>Add <em class="arg">value</em> to pixels and return absolute value. </td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2807	<tr><td>Add </td> <td>Add <em class="arg">value</em> to pixels. </td></tr>
				2808	<tr><td>AddModulus </td> <td>Add <em class="arg">value</em> to pixels modulo <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.</td></tr>
				2809	<tr><td>And </td> <td>Binary AND of pixels with <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2810	<tr><td>Cos, Cosine </td> <td>Apply cosine to pixels with frequency <em class="arg">value</em> with 50% bias added.</td></tr>
				2811	<tr><td>Divide </td> <td>Divide pixels by <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
cristy	5063d81	2010-10-19 16:28:10 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2812	<tr><td>Exp </td> <td>base-e exponential function</td></tr>
				2813	<tr><td>Exponential </td> <td>base-e exponential function</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2814	<tr><td>LeftShift </td> <td>Shift the pixel values left by <em class="arg">value</em> bits (i.e., multiply pixels by 2<sup><em class="arg">value</em></sup>).</td></tr>
				2815	<tr><td>Log </td> <td>Apply scaled logarithm to normalized pixels.</td></tr>
				2816	<tr><td>Max </td> <td>Clip pixels at lower bound <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
cristy	63fed27	2010-03-07 19:08:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2817	<tr><td>Mean </td> <td>Add the <em class="arg">value</em> and divide by 2.</td></tr>
cristy	61365ad	2010-11-28 02:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2818	<tr><td>Median </td> <td>Choose the median value from an image sequence.</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2819	<tr><td>Min </td> <td>Clip pixels at upper bound <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2820	<tr><td>Multiply </td> <td>Multiply pixels by <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2821	<tr><td>Or </td> <td>Binary OR of pixels with <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2822	<tr><td>Pow </td> <td>Raise normalized pixels to the power <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2823	<tr><td>RightShift </td> <td>Shift the pixel values right by <em class="arg">value</em> bits (i.e., divide pixels by 2<sup><em class="arg">value</em></sup>).</td></tr>
				2824	<tr><td>Set </td> <td>Set pixel equal to <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2825	<tr><td>Sin, Sine </td> <td>Apply sine to pixels with frequency <em class="arg">value</em> with 50% bias added.</td></tr>
				2826	<tr><td>Subtract </td> <td>Subtract <em class="arg">value</em> from pixels.</td></tr>
				2827	<tr><td>Xor </td> <td>Binary XOR of pixels with <em class="arg">value.</em></td></tr>
				2828
				2829	<tr><td> </td></tr>
				2830
				2831	<tr><td>Gaussian-noise</td></tr>
				2832	<tr><td>Impulse-noise</td></tr>
				2833	<tr><td>Laplacian-noise</td></tr>
				2834	<tr><td>Multiplicative-noise</td> <td>(These are equivalent to the corresponding <a href="#noise" >-noise</a> operators.)</td></tr>
				2835	<tr><td>PoissonNoise</td></tr>
				2836	<tr><td>Uniform-noise</td></tr>
				2837
				2838	<tr><td> </td></tr>
				2839
				2840	<tr><td>Threshold </td> <td>Threshold pixels larger than <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2841	<tr><td>ThresholdBlack </td> <td>Threshold pixels to zero values equal to or below <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2842	<tr><td>ThresholdWhite </td> <td>Threshold pixels to maximum values above <em class="arg">value</em>. </td></tr>
				2843	</tbody>
				2844	</table>
				2845
				2846	<p>The specified functions are applied only to each previously set <a
				2847	href="#channel" >-channel</a> in the image. If necessary, the results of the
				2848	calculations are truncated (clipped) to fit in the interval [0, <em
				2849	class="QR">QuantumRange</em>]. The transparency channel of the image is
				2850	represented as a 'alpha' values (0 = fully transparent), so, for example, a
				2851	<kbd>Divide</kbd> by 2 of the alpha channel will make the image
				2852	semi-transparent. Append the percent symbol '<kbd>%</kbd>' to specify a value
				2853	as a percentage of the <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.</p>
				2854
				2855	<p>To print a complete list of <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operators, use
				2856	<a href="#list">-list evaluate</a>.</p>
				2857
				2858	<p>The results of the <kbd>Add</kbd>, <kbd>Subtract</kbd> and
				2859	<kbd>Multiply</kbd> methods can also be achieved using either the <a
				2860	href="#level" >-level</a> or the <a href="#level" >+level</a> operator, with
				2861	appropriate argument, to linearly modify the overall range of color values.
				2862	Please note, however, that <a href="#level" >-level</a> treats transparency as
				2863	'matte' values (0 = opaque), while <a href="#level" >-evaluate</a> works with
				2864	'alpha' values.</p>
				2865
				2866	<p><kbd>AddModulus</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.8-4 and provides addition modulo the <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>. It is therefore equivalent to <kbd>Add</kbd> unless the resulting pixel value is outside the interval [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>]. </p>
				2867
cristy	ce66ab1	2010-10-21 23:36:32 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2868	<p><kbd>Exp or Exponential</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.6.5-1 and works on normalized pixel values. The <em class="arg">value</em> used with <kbd>Exp</kbd> should be negative so as to produce a decaying exponential function. Non-negative values will always produce results larger unity and thus outside the interval [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>]. The formula is expressed below. </p>
				2869
				2870	<div style="text-align:center;">
				2871	exp(<em class="arg">value</em> × <b><em>u</em></b>)
				2872	</div>
				2873
				2874	<p> If the input image is squared, for example, using <a
				2875	href="#-function" >-function polynomial "2 0 0"</a>, then a decaying Gaussian function will be the result.</p>
				2876
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2877	<p><kbd>Log</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.2-1 and works on normalized pixel values. This a <em>scaled</em> log function. The <em class="arg">value</em> used with <kbd>Log</kbd> provides a <em>scaling factor</em> that adjusts the curvature in the graph of the log function. The formula applied to a normalized value <b><em>u</em></b> is below. </p>
				2878
				2879	<div style="text-align:center;">
				2880	log(<em class="arg">value</em> × <b><em>u</em></b> + 1) / log(<em class="arg">value</em> + 1)
				2881	</div>
				2882
				2883	<p><kbd>Pow</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.1-9, and works on
				2884	normalized pixel values. Note that <kbd>Pow</kbd> is related to the <a
				2885	href="#gamma" >-gamma</a> operator. For example, <b>-gamma 2</b> is equivalent
				2886	to <b>-evaluate pow 0.5</b>, i.e., a 'square root' function. The value used
				2887	with <a href="#gamma" >-gamma</a> is simply the reciprocal of the value used
				2888	with <kbd>Pow</kbd>.</p>
				2889
				2890	<p><kbd>Cosine</kbd> and <kbd>Sine</kbd> was added as of IM v6.4.8-8 and
				2891	converts the image values into a value according to a (co)sine wave function.
				2892	The synonyms <kbd>Cos</kbd> and <kbd>Sin</kbd> may also be used. The output
				2893	is biased 50% and normalized by 50% so as to fit in the respective color value
				2894	range. The <em class="arg">value</em> scaling of the <em>period</em> of the
				2895	function (its frequency), and thus determines the number of 'waves' that will
				2896	be generated over the input color range. For example, if the <em
				2897	class="arg">value</em> is 1, the effective period is simply the <em
				2898	class="QR">QuantumRange</em>; but if the <em class="arg">value</em> is 2,
				2899	then the effective period is the <em>half</em> the <em
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2900	class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2901
				2902	<div style="text-align:center;">
				2903	0.5 + 0.5 × cos(2 π <b><em>u</em></b> × <em class="arg">value</em>).
				2904	</div>
				2905
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2906	<p>See also the <a href="#function" >-function</a> operator, which is a
				2907	multi-value version of evaluate. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2908
cristy	63fed27	2010-03-07 19:08:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2909	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2910	<h4><a id="evaluate-sequence"></a>-evaluate-sequence <em class="arg">operator</em></h4>
cristy	63fed27	2010-03-07 19:08:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2911	</div>
				2912
				2913	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Alter channel pixels by evaluating an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression over a sequence of images.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2914
				2915	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2916	<h4><a id="extent"></a>-extent <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2917	</div>
				2918
				2919	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the image size and offset.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2920
cristy	3e2860c	2010-01-24 01:36:30 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2921	<p>If the image is enlarged, unfilled areas are set to the background color. To position the image, use offsets in the <em class="arg">geometry</em> specification or precede with a <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting. To specify how to compose the image with the background, use <a href="#compose" >-compose</a>.</p>
cristy	549177c	2010-11-11 13:51:21 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2922	<p>This command reduces or expands a JPEG image to fit on an 800x600
				2923	display. If the aspect ratio of the input image isn't exactly 4:3, then the
				2924	image is centered on an 800x600 black canvas: </p>
				2925
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	2926	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert input.jpg -resize 800x600 -background black -compose Copy \ <br /> -gravity center -extent 800x600 -quality 92 output.jpg</span></p>
cristy	549177c	2010-11-11 13:51:21 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2927
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2928
				2929	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				2930
				2931	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2932	<h4><a id="extract"></a>-extract <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2933	</div>
				2934
				2935	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Extract the specified area from image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2936
				2937	<p>This option is most useful for extracting a subregion of a very large raw image. Note that these two commands are equivalent:</p>
				2938
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	2939	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -extract 640x480+1280+960 \ <br/> image.rgb image.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 'image.rgb[640x480+1280+960]' \ <br/> image.rgb image.png</span></p><p>If you omit the offsets, as in</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2940
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	2941	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -extract 640x480 \ <br/> image.rgb image.png</span></p>
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2942	<p>the image is <em>resized</em> to the specified dimensions instead,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2943	equivalent to:</p>
				2944
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	2945	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -resize 640x480 image.rgb image.png</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2946	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				2947
				2948	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2949	<h4><a id="family"></a>-family <em class="arg">fontFamily</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2950	</div>
				2951
				2952	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a font family for text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2953
				2954	<p>This setting suggests a font family that ImageMagick should try to use for rendering text. If the family can be found it is used; if not, a default font (e.g., "Arial") or a family known to be similar is substituted (e.g., "Courier" might be used if "System" is requested but not found).
				2955	</p>
				2956
				2957	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, <a href="#style">-style</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>.
				2958	</p>
				2959
				2960	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2961	<h4><a id="features"></a>-features <em class="arg">distance</em></h4>
cristy	7396d88	2010-01-27 02:37:56 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2962	</div>
				2963
				2964	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>display features for each channel in the image in each of four directions (horizontal, vertical, left and right diagonals) for the specified distance.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2965
				2966	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2967	<h4><a id="fft"></a>-fft</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2968	</div>
				2969
				2970	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>implements the forward discrete Fourier transform (DFT).</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2971
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2972	<p>This option is new as of ImageMagick 6.5.4-3 (and now working for Windows users in ImageMagick 6.6.0-9). It transforms an image from the normal (spatial) domain to the frequency domain. In the frequency domain, an image is represented as a superposition of complex sinusoidal waves of varying amplitudes. The image x and y coordinates are the possible frequencies along the x and y directions, respectively, and the pixel intensity values are complex numbers that correspond to the sinusoidal wave amplitudes. See for example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform">Fourier Transform</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFT">Discrete Fourier Transform</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFT">Fast Fourier Transform</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2973
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2974	<p>A single image name is provided as output for this option. However, the output result will have two components. It is either a two-frame image or two separate images, depending upon whether the image format specified supports multi-frame images. The reason that we get a dual output result is because the frequency domain represents an image using complex numbers, which cannot be visualized directly. Therefore, the complex values are automagically separated into a two-component image representation. The first component is the magnitude of the complex number and the second is the phase of the complex number. See for example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_numbers">Complex Numbers</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2975
				2976	<p>The magnitude and phase component images must be specified using image formats that do not limit the color or compress the image. Thus, MIFF, TIF, PFM, EXR and PNG are the recommended image formats to use. All of these formats, except PNG support multi-frame images. So for example,</p>
				2977
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	2978	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -fft fft_image.miff</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2979	<p>generates a magnitude image as <kbd>fft_image.miff[0]</kbd> and a phase image as <kbd>fft_image.miff[1]</kbd>. Similarly,</p>
				2980
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	2981	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -fft fft_image.png</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2982	<p>generates a magnitude image as <kbd>fft_image-0.png</kbd> and a phase image as <kbd>fft_image-1.png</kbd>. If you prefer this representation, then you can force any of the other formats to produce two output images by including <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> following -fft in the command line.</p>
				2983
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2984	<p>The input image can be any size, but if not square and even-dimensioned, it is padded automagically to the larger of the width or height of the input image and to an even number of pixels. The padding will occur at the bottom and/or right sides of the input image. The resulting output magnitude and phase images is square at this size. The kind of padding relies on the <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2985
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	2986	<p>Both output components will have dynamic ranges that fit within [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>], so that HDRI need not be enabled. Phase values nominally range from 0 to 2*π, but is scaled to span the full dynamic range.
				2987	(The first few releases had non-HDRI scaled but HDRI not scaled). The magnitude image is not scaled and thus generally will contain very small values. As such, the image normally will appear totally black. In order to view any detail, the magnitude image typically is enhanced with a log function into what is usually called the spectrum. A log function is used to enhance the darker values more in comparison to the lighter values. This can be done, for example, as follows:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2988
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	2989	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert fft_image.miff[0] -contrast-stretch 0 \ <br />
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2990	-evaluate log 1000 fft_image_spectrum.png</span></p>
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	2991	<p>where either <a href="#contrast-stretch">-contrast-stretch</a> 0 or <a href="#auto-level">-auto-level</a> is used to scale the image to full dynamic range, first. The argument to the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> log typically is specified between 100 and 10,000, depending upon the amount of detail that one wants to bring out in the spectrum. Larger values produce more visible detail. Too much detail, however, may hide the important features.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2992
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2993	<p>The <a href="http://www.fftw.org/">FFTW</a> delegate library is required to use <a href="#fft">-fft</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2994
				2995	<p>Use <a href="#fft">+fft</a> to produce two output images that are the real and imaginary components of the complex valued Fourier transform.</p>
				2996
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	2997	<p>However, as the real and imaginary components can contain negative values, this requires that IM be configured with HDRI enabled. In this case, you must use either MIFF, TIF, PFM or MPC formats for the real and imaginary component results, since they are formats that preserve both negative and fractional values without clipping them or truncating the fractional part. With either
				2998	MIFF or TIF, one should add -define quantum:format=32, to allow those image
				2999	types to work properly in HDRI mode without clipping.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3000
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	3001	<p>The real and imaginary component images resulting from <a href="#fft">+fft</a> are also square, even dimensioned images due to the same padding that was discussed above for the magnitude and phase component images.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3002
				3003	<p>See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	3004	<a href="../www/high-dynamic-range.html">High Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri">Usage</a> pages, <a href="http://www.fmwconcepts.com/imagemagick/fourier_transforms/fourier.html">Fred's Fourier Processing With ImageMagick page</a> or this <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a> entry.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3005	</p>
				3006
				3007
				3008	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3009	<h4><a id="fill"></a>-fill <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3010	</div>
				3011
				3012	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>color to use when filling a graphic primitive.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3013
				3014	<p>This option accepts a color name, a hex color, or a numerical RGB, RGBA, HSL, HSLA, CMYK, or CMYKA specification. See <a href="../www/color.html">Color Names</a> for a description of how to properly specify the color argument.</p>
				3015
				3016	<p>Enclose the color specification in quotation marks to prevent the "#" or the parentheses from being interpreted by your shell.</p>
				3017
				3018	<p>For example,</p>
				3019
				3020	<p class="crtsnip">
				3021	-fill blue
				3022	</p>
				3023	<p class="crtsnip">
				3024	-fill "#ddddff"
				3025	</p>
				3026	<p class="crtsnip">
				3027	-fill "rgb(255,255,255)"
				3028	</p>
				3029
				3030	<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				3031
				3032	<p>To print a complete list of color names, use the <a href="#list">-list color</a> option.</p>
				3033
				3034	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3035	<h4><a id="filter"></a>-filter <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3036	</div>
				3037
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3038	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Use this <em class="arg">type</em> of filter when resizing or
				3039	distorting an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3040
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3041	<p>Use this option to affect the resizing operation of an image during
				3042	operations such as <a href="#resize">-resize</a> and <a href="#distort"
				3043	>-distort</a>. For example you can use a simple resize filter such as:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3044
				3045	<pre class="text">
				3046	Point Hermite Cubic
				3047	Box Gaussian Catrom
				3048	Triangle Quadratic Mitchell
				3049	</pre>
				3050
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3051	<p>The <kbd>Bessel</kbd> and <kbd>Sinc</kbd> filter is also provided (as well
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3052	as a faster <kbd>SincFast</kbd> equivalent form). However these filters are
				3053	generally useless on their own as they are infinite filters that are being
				3054	clipped to the filters support size. Their direct use is not recommended
				3055	except via expert settings (see below). </p>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3056
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3057	<p>Instead these special filter functions are typically windowed by a windowing
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3058	function that the <a href="#filter" >-filter</a> setting defines. That is
				3059	using these functions will define a 'Windowed' filter, appropriate to the
				3060	operator involved. Windowed filters include: </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3061
				3062	<pre class="text">
				3063	Lanczos Hamming Parzen
				3064	Blackman Kaiser Welsh
				3065	Hanning Bartlett Bohman
				3066	</pre>
				3067
				3068	<p>Also one special self-windowing filter is also provided
				3069	<kbd>Lagrange</kbd>, which will automagically re-adjust its function depending
				3070	on the current 'support' or 'lobes' expert settings (see below).</p>
				3071
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3072	<p>If you do not select a filter with this option, the filter defaults to
				3073	<kbd>Mitchell</kbd> for a colormapped image, a image with a matte channel, or
				3074	if the image is enlarged. Otherwise the filter default to
				3075	<kbd>Lanczos</kbd>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3076
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3077	<p>To print a complete list of resize filters, use the <a href="#list">-list
				3078	filter</a> option.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3079
				3080	<p>You can modify how the filter behaves as it scales your image through the
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3081	use of these expert settings (see also <a href="#define" >-define</a> and <a
				3082	href="#set" >-set</a>):-</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3083
				3084	<dl class="doc">
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3085	<dt>-define filter:blur=<em>factor</em></dt>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3086	<dd>Scale the X axis of the filter (and its window). Use > 1.0 for
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3087	blurry or < 1.0 for sharp. This should only be used with Gaussian and
				3088	Gaussian-like filters simple filters, or you may not get the expected
				3089	results. </dd>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3090
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3091	<dt>-define filter:support=<em>radius</em></dt>
				3092	<dd>Set the filter support radius. Defines how large the filter should be and
				3093	thus directly defines how slow the filtered resampling process is. All
				3094	filters have a default 'prefered' support size. Some filters like
				3095	<kbd>Lagrange</kbd> and windowed filters adjust themselves depending on
				3096	this value. With simple filters this value either does nothing (but slow
				3097	the resampling), or will clip the filter function in a detrimental way.
				3098	</dd>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3099
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3100	<dt>-define filter:lobes=<em>count</em></dt>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3101	<dd>Set the number of lobes to use for the Sinc/Bessel filter. This an
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3102	alternative way of specifying the 'support' range of the filter, that is
				3103	designed to be more suited to windowed filters, especially when used for
				3104	image distorts.</dd>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3105
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3106	<dt>-define filter:b=<em>b-spline_factor</em></dt>
				3107	<dt>-define filter:c=<em>keys_alpha_factor</em></dt>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3108	<dd>Redefine the values used for cubic filters such as <kbd>Cubic</kbd>,
				3109	<kbd>Catrom</kbd>, <kbd>Mitchel</kbd>, and <kbd>Hermite</kbd>, as well as
				3110	the <kbd>Parzen</kbd> Sinc windowing function. If only one of the values
				3111	are defined, the other is set so as to generate a 'Keys' type cubic
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3112	filter. Values meaning was defined by a research paper by
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3113	Mitchell-Netravali.</dd>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3114
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3115	<dt>-define filter:filter=<em>filter_function</em></dt>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3116	<dd>Use this function directly as the scaling filter. This will allow
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3117	you to directly use a windowing filter such as <kbd>Blackman</kbd>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3118	rather than as its normal usage as a windowing function for 'Sinc' or
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3119	'Bessel' functions. If defined, no windowing function is used, unless the
				3120	following expert setting is also defined.</dd>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3121
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3122	<dt>-define filter:window=<em>filter_function</em></dt>
				3123	<dd>The IIR (infinite impulse response) filters <kbd>Bessel</kbd> and
				3124	<kbd>Sinc</kbd> are windowed (brought down to zero over the defined
				3125	support range) with the given filter. This allows you to specify a filter
				3126	function that is not normally used as a windowing function, such as
				3127	<kbd>Box</kbd>, (which effectively turns off the windowing function),
				3128	to window a <kbd>Sinc</kbd>, or the function the previous setting defined.
				3129	</dd>
				3130
				3131	<dt>-define filter:verbose=<em>1</em></dt>
				3132	<dd>This causes IM to print information on the final internal filter
				3133	selection to standard output. This includes a commented header on the
				3134	filter settings being used, and data allowing the filter weights to be
				3135	easily graphed. </dd>
				3136
				3137	<dd>Note however that some filters are internally defined in terms of other
				3138	filters. The <kbd>Lanczos</kbd> filter for example is defined in terms of
				3139	a <kbd>SincFast</kbd> windowed <kbd>SincFast</kbd> filter, while
				3140	<kbd>Mitchell</kbd> is defined as a <kbd>Cubic</kbd> filter with specific
				3141	'B' and 'C' settings. </dd>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3142
				3143	</dl>
				3144
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3145	<p>For example, to get a 8 lobe Bessel windowed Bessel filter:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3146
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	3147	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -filter bessel \ <br/>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3148	-set filter:window=bessel -set filter:lobes=8 \ <br/>
				3149	-resize 150% image.jpg</span></p>
				3150	<p>Or a raw un-windowed Sinc filter with 4 lobes:</p>
				3151
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	3152	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -set filter:filter=sinc -set filter:lobes=4 \ <br/>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3153	-resize 150% image.jpg</span></p>
				3154	<p>Note that the use of expert options (except for 'blur' with simple resize
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3155	filters, and 'verbose' for viewing the internal filter selection), are
				3156	provided for image processing experts who have studied and understood how
				3157	resize filters work. Without this knowledge, and an understanding of the
				3158	definition of the actual filters involved, using expert settings are more
				3159	likely to be detrimental to your image resizing.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3160
				3161
				3162	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3163	<h4><a id="flatten"></a>-flatten</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3164	</div>
				3165
				3166	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>This is a simple alias for the <a href="#layers" >-layers</a> method "flatten".</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3167
				3168
				3169	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3170	<h4><a id="flip"></a>-flip</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3171	</div>
				3172
				3173	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>create a <em>mirror image</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3174
cristy	2dcd682	2011-06-13 16:21:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3175	<p>reflect the scanlines in the vertical direction. The image will be mirrored
				3176	upside-down. </p>
				3177
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3178
				3179	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3180	<h4><a id="floodfill"></a>-floodfill {<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em> <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3181	</div>
				3182
cristy	2dcd682	2011-06-13 16:21:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3183	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>floodfill the image with color at the specified offset.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3184
				3185	<p>Flood fill starts from the given 'seed point' which is not gravity effected.
				3186	Any color that matches within <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> color distance of the
				3187	given <em class="arg">color</em> argument, connected to that 'seed point'
				3188	will be replaced with the current <a href="#fill" >-fill</a> color. </p>
				3189
				3190	<p>Note that if the pixel at the 'seed point' does not itself match the given
				3191	<em class="arg">color</em> (according to <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a>), then no
				3192	action will be taken. </p>
				3193
				3194	<p>This operator works more like the <a href="#opaque" >-opaque</A> option, than
				3195	a more general flood fill that reads the matching color directly at the 'seed point'. For this form of flood fill, look at <a href="#draw" >-draw</a> and its 'color floodfill' drawing method. </p>
				3196
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3197
				3198	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3199	<h4><a id="flop"></a>-flop</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3200	</div>
				3201
				3202	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>create a <em>mirror image</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3203
cristy	2dcd682	2011-06-13 16:21:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3204	<p>Reflect the scanlines in the horizontal direction, just like the image in
				3205	a vertical mirror. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3206
				3207
				3208	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3209	<h4><a id="font"></a>-font <em class="arg">name</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3210	</div>
				3211
				3212	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the font to use when annotating images with text, or creating labels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3213
				3214	<p>To print a complete list of fonts, use the <a href="#list">-list font</a> option (for versions prior to 6.3.6, use 'type' instead of 'font').</p>
				3215
				3216	<p>In addition to the fonts specified by the above pre-defined list, you can
				3217	also specify a font from a specific source. For example <kbd>Arial.ttf</kbd>
				3218	is a TrueType font file, <kbd>ps:helvetica</kbd> is PostScript font, and
				3219	<kbd>x:fixed</kbd> is X11 font.</p>
				3220
				3221	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, <a href="#style">-style</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
				3222
				3223
				3224	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3225	<h4><a id="foreground"></a>-foreground <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3226	</div>
				3227
				3228	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Define the foreground color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3229
				3230	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				3231
				3232	<p>The default foreground color is black.</p>
				3233
				3234	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3235	<h4><a id="format"></a>-format <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3236	</div>
				3237
				3238	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the image format type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3239
cristy	4777498	2011-02-15 15:17:19 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3240	<p>When used with the <kbd>mogrify</kbd> utility, this option converts any image to the image <a href="../www/formats.html">format</a> you specify. For a list of image format types supported by ImageMagick, use <a href="#list">-list format</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3241
				3242	<p>By default the file is written to its original name. However, if the filename extension matches a supported format, the extension is replaced with the image format type specified with <a href="#format">-format</a>. For example, if you specify <em class="arg">tiff</em> as the format type and the input image filename is <em class="arg">image.gif</em>, the output image filename becomes <em class="arg">image.tiff</em>.</p>
				3243
				3244	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3245	<h4><a id="format_identify_"></a>-format <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3246	</div>
				3247
				3248	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>output formatted image characteristics.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/identify.html">identify</a>]</td></tr></table>
				3249
				3250	<p>See <a href="../www/escape.html">Format and Print Image Properties</a> for an explanation on how to specify the argument to this option.</p>
				3251
				3252	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3253	<h4><a id="frame"></a>-frame <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3254	</div>
				3255
				3256	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Surround the image with a border or beveled frame.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3257
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3258	<p>The color of the border is specified with the <a href="#mattecolor"
				3259	>-mattecolor</a> command line option. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3260
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3261	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the <em
				3262	class="arg">geometry</em> argument indicates the amount of extra width and
				3263	height that is added to the dimensions of the image. If no offsets are given
				3264	in the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument, then the border added is
				3265	a solid color. Offsets <em>x</em> and <em>y</em>, if present, specify that
				3266	the width and height of the border is partitioned to form an outer bevel of
				3267	thickness <em>x</em> pixels and an inner bevel of thickness
				3268	<em>y</em> pixels. Negative offsets make no sense as frame arguments.
				3269	</p>
				3270
				3271	<p>The <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option is affected by the current <a
				3272	href="#compose">-compose</a> setting and assumes that this is using the default
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3273	'<kbd>Over</kbd>' composition method. It generates a image of the appropriate
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3274	size with the current <a href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting, and then
				3275	draws the frame of four distinct colors close to the current <a
				3276	href="#mattecolor">-mattecolor</a>. The original image is then overlaid onto
				3277	center of this image. This means that with the default compose method of
				3278	'<kbd>Over</kbd>' any transparent parts may be replaced by the current <a
				3279	href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
				3280
				3281	<p>The image composition is not
				3282	affected by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3283
				3284
				3285	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3286	<h4><a id="frame_import_"></a>-frame</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3287	</div>
				3288
				3289	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>include the X window frame in the imported image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/import.html">import</a>]</td></tr></table>
				3290
				3291	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3292	<h4><a id="function"></a>-function <em class="arg">function</em> <em class="arg">parameters</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3293	</div>
				3294
				3295	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a function to channel values.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3296
				3297	<p>This operator performs calculations based on the given arguments to modify each of the color values for each previously set <a href="#channel">-channel</a> in the image. See <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> for details concerning how the results of the calculations are handled.</p>
				3298
				3299	<p>This is can be considered a multi-argument version of the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator. (Added in ImageMagick 6.4.8−8.)</p>
				3300
				3301	<p>Here, <em class="arg">parameters</em> is a comma-separated list of numerical values. The number of values varies depending on which <em class="arg">function</em> is selected. Choose the <em class="arg">function</em> from:</p>
				3302
				3303	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3304	Polynomial
				3305	Sinusoid
				3306	Arcsin
				3307	Arctan
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3308	</pre>
				3309
				3310	<p>To print a complete list of <a href="#function">-function</a> operators, use <a href="#list">-list function</a>. Descriptions follow.</p>
				3311
				3312	<dl class="doc">
				3313	<dt><kbd>Polynomial</kbd></dt>
				3314	<dd>
				3315	<p>The <kbd>Polynomial</kbd> function takes an arbitrary number of parameters, these being the coefficients of a polynomial, in decreasing order of degree. That is, entering</p>
				3316
				3317	<div style="text-align: center">
				3318	-function Polynomial <em>a</em><sub><em>n</em></sub>,<em>a</em><sub><em>n</em>-1</sub>,...<em>a</em><sub>1</sub>,<em>a</em><sub>0</sub>
				3319	</div>
				3320
				3321	<p>will invoke a polynomial function given by</p>
				3322
				3323	<div style="text-align: center">
				3324	<em>a</em><sub><em>n</em></sub> <b><em>u</em></b><sup><em>n</em></sup> +
				3325	<em>a</em><sub><em>n</em>-1</sub> <b><em>u</em></b><sup><em>n</em>-1</sup> +
				3326	··· <em>a</em><sub>1</sub> <b><em>u</em></b> + <em>a</em><sub>0</sub>,
				3327	</div>
				3328
				3329	<p>where <b><em>u</em></b> is pixel's original normalized channel value.</p>
				3330
				3331	<p>The <kbd>Polynomial</kbd> function can be used in place of <kbd>Set</kbd> (the <em>constant</em> polynomial) and <kbd>Add</kbd>, <kbd>Divide</kbd>, <kbd>Multiply</kbd>, and <kbd>Subtract</kbd> (some <em>linear</em> polynomials) of the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator. The <a href="#level">-level</a> operator also affects channels linearly. Some correspondences follow.</p>
				3332
				3333	<table class="doc">
				3334	<col width="35%" />
				3335	<col width="35%" />
				3336	<col width="30%" />
				3337	<tr>
				3338	<td>-evaluate Set <em class="arg">value</em> </td>
				3339	<td>-function Polynomial <em class="arg">value</em></td>
				3340	<td>(Constant functions; set <em class="arg">value</em>×100% gray when channels are RGB.)</td>
				3341	</tr>
				3342	<tr>
				3343	<td>-evaluate Add <em class="arg">value</em> </td>
				3344	<td>-function Polynomial 1,<em class="arg">value</em></td>
				3345	</tr>
				3346	<tr>
				3347	<td>-evaluate Subtract <em class="arg">value</em> </td>
				3348	<td>-function Polynomial 1,−<em class="arg">value</em></td>
				3349	</tr>
				3350	<tr>
				3351	<td>-evaluate Multiply <em class="arg">value</em> </td>
				3352	<td>-function Polynomial <em class="arg">value</em>,0</td>
				3353	</tr>
				3354	<tr>
				3355	<td>+level black% x white%</td>
				3356	<td>-function Polynomial A,B</td>
				3357	<td>(Reduce contrast. Here, A=(white-black)/100 and B=black/100.)</td>
				3358	</tr>
				3359	</table>
				3360
				3361	<p>The <kbd>Polynomial</kbd> function gives great versatility, since polynomials can be used to fit any continuous curve to any degree of accuracy desired.</p>
				3362	</dd>
				3363
				3364	<dt><kbd>Sinusoid</kbd></dt>
				3365	<dd>
				3366	<p>The <kbd>Sinusoid</kbd> function can be used to vary the channel values sinusoidally by setting frequency, phase shift, amplitude, and a bias. These values are given as one to four parameters, as follows,</p>
				3367
				3368	<div style="text-align: center">
				3369	-function <kbd>Sinusoid</kbd> <em class="arg">freq</em>,[<em class="arg">phase</em>,[<em class="arg">amp</em>,[<em class="arg">bias</em>]]]
				3370	</div>
				3371
				3372	<p>where <em>phase</em> is in degrees. (The domain [0,1] of the function corresponds to 0 through <em class="arg">freq</em>×360 degrees.) The result is that if a pixel's normalized channel value is originally <b><em>u</em></b>, its resulting normalized value is given by </p>
				3373
				3374	<div style="text-align: center">
				3375	<em class="arg">amp</em> * sin(2π (<em class="arg">freq</em> * <b><em>u</em></b> + <em class="arg">phase</em> / 360)) + <em class="arg">bias</em>
				3376	</div>
				3377
				3378	<p> For example, the following generates a curve that starts and ends at 0.9 (when <b><em>u</em></b>=0 and 1, resp.), oscillating three times between .7−.2=.5 and .7+.2=.9. </p>
				3379
				3380	<p class="crtsnip">
				3381	-function Sinusoid 3,-90,.2,.7
				3382	</p>
				3383
				3384	<p>The default values of <em class="arg">amp</em> and <em class="arg">bias</em> are both .5. The default for <em class="arg">phase</em> is 0.</p>
				3385
				3386	<p>The <kbd>Sinusoid</kbd> function generalizes <kbd>Sin</kbd> and <kbd>Cos</kbd> of the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator by allowing varying amplitude, phase and bias. The correspondence is as follows.</p>
				3387
				3388	<table class="doc">
				3389	<tr>
				3390	<td>-evaluate Sin <em class="arg">freq</em> </td>
				3391	<td>-function Sinusoid <em class="arg">freq</em>,0 </td>
				3392	</tr>
				3393	<tr>
				3394	<td>-evaluate Cos <em class="arg">freq</em> </td>
				3395	<td>-function Sinusoid <em class="arg">freq</em>,90 </td>
				3396	</tr>
				3397	</table>
				3398	</dd>
				3399
				3400	<dt><kbd>ArcSin</kbd></dt>
				3401	<dd>
				3402	<p>The <kbd>ArcSin</kbd> function generates the inverse curve of a Sinusoid,
				3403	and can be used to generate cylindrical distortion and displacement maps.
				3404	The curve can be adjusted relative to both the input values and output range
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3405	of values.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3406
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3407	<p style="text-align: center">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3408	-function <kbd>ArcSin</kbd> <em class="arg">width</em>,[<em class="arg">center</em>,[<em class="arg">range</em>,[<em class="arg">bias</em>]]]
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3409	</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3410
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	3411	<p>with all values given in terms of normalized color values (0.0 for black,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3412	1.0 for white). Defaulting to values covering the full range from 0.0 to 1.0
				3413	for bout input (<em class="arg">width</em>), and output (<em
				3414	class="arg">width</em>) values. '<code>1.0,0.5,1.0,0.5</code>' </p>
				3415
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3416	<p style="text-align: center">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3417	<em class="arg">range</em>/π * asin( 2/<em class="arg">width</em> * ( <b><em>u</em></b> - <em class="arg">center</em> ) ) + <em class="arg">bias</em>
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3418	</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3419
				3420	</dd>
				3421
				3422	<dt><kbd>ArcTan</kbd></dt>
				3423	<dd>
				3424	<p>The <kbd>ArcTan</kbd> function generates a curve that smooth crosses from
				3425	limit values at infinities, though a center using the given slope value.
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3426	All these values can be adjusted via the arguments.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3427
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3428	<p style="text-align: center">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3429	-function <kbd>ArcTan</kbd> <em class="arg">slope</em>,[<em class="arg">center</em>,[<em class="arg">range</em>,[<em class="arg">bias</em>]]]
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3430	</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3431
				3432	<p>Defaulting to '<code>1.0,0.5,1.0,0.5</code>'.
				3433	</p>
				3434
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3435	<p style="text-align: center">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3436	<em class="arg">range</em>/π * atan( <em class="arg">slope</em>π ( <b><em>u</em></b> - <em class="arg">center</em> ) ) + <em class="arg">bias</em>
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3437	</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3438
				3439	</dd>
				3440
				3441	</dl>
				3442
				3443
				3444	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3445	<h4><a id="fuzz"></a>-fuzz <em class="arg">distance</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3446	</div>
				3447
				3448	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Colors within this <em class="arg">distance</em> are considered equal.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3449
				3450	<p>A number of algorithms search for a target color. By default the color must be exact. Use this option to match colors that are close to the target color in RGB space. For example, if you want to automagically trim the edges of an image with <a href="#trim">-trim</a> but the image was scanned and the target background color may differ by a small amount. This option can account for these differences.</p>
				3451
				3452	<p>The <em class="arg">distance</em> can be in absolute intensity units or, by appending <kbd>%</kbd> as a percentage of the maximum possible intensity (255, 65535, or 4294967295).</p>
				3453
				3454
				3455	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3456	<h4><a id="fx"></a>-fx <em class="arg">expression</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3457	</div>
				3458
				3459	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a mathematical expression to an image or image channels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3460
				3461	<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">expression</em> is <kbd>@</kbd>, the expression is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string.</p>
				3462
				3463	<p>See <a href="../www/fx.html">FX, The Special Effects Image Operator</a> for a detailed discussion of this option.</p>
				3464
				3465
				3466	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3467	<h4><a id="gamma"></a>-gamma <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3468	</div>
				3469
				3470	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>level of gamma correction.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3471
				3472	<p>The same color image displayed on two different workstations may look different due to differences in the display monitor. Use gamma correction to adjust for this color difference. Reasonable values extend from <kbd>0.8</kbd> to <kbd>2.3</kbd>. Gamma less than 1.0 darkens the image and gamma greater than 1.0 lightens it. Large adjustments to image gamma may result in the loss of some image information if the pixel quantum size is only eight bits (quantum range 0 to 255).</p>
				3473
				3474	<p>Gamma adjusts the image's channel values pixel-by-pixel according to a power law, namely, pow(pixel,1/gamma) or pixel^(1/gamma), where pixel is the normalized or 0 to 1 color value. For example, using a value of gamma=2 is the same as taking the square root of the image.</p>
				3475
				3476	<p>You can apply separate gamma values to the red, green, and blue channels of the image with a gamma value list delimited with commas (e.g., <kbd>1.7,2.3,1.2</kbd>).</p>
				3477
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	3478	<p>Use <a href="#gamma">+gamma <em class="arg">value</em></a> to set the
				3479	image gamma level without actually adjusting the image pixels. This option
				3480	is useful if the image is of a known gamma but not set as an image attribute
				3481	(e.g. PNG images). Write the "file gamma" which is the reciprocal of the
				3482	display gamma; e.g., if your image is sRGB and you want to write a PNG gAMA
				3483	chunk, use
				3484	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert input.png +gamma .45455 output.png</span></p>(0.45455 is 1/2.2)</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3485
				3486	<p>Note that gamma adjustments are also available via the <a href="#level">-level</a> operator.</p>
				3487
				3488	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	3489	<h4><a id="gaussian-blur"></a>-gaussian-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-gaussian-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>+<em class="arg">bias</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3490	</div>
				3491
				3492	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Blur the image with a Gaussian operator.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3493
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3494	<p>Convolve the image with a Gaussian or normal distribution using the given
				3495	<em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value. The formula is:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3496
				3497	<div class="eqn"><img alt="gaussian distribution" width="243px" height="42px" src="../images/gaussian-blur.png"/>
				3498	</div>
				3499
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3500	<p>The <em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value is the important argument, and
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3501	determines the actual amount of blurring that will take place. </p>
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3502
				3503	<p>The <em class="arg" >Radius</em> is only used to determine the size of the
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3504	array which will hold the calculated Gaussian distribution. It should be an
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3505	integer. If not given, or set to zero, IM will calculate the largest possible
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3506	radius that will provide meaningful results for the Gaussian distribution.
				3507	</p>
				3508
				3509	<p>The larger the <em class="arg" >Radius</em> the radius the slower the
				3510	operation is. However too small a <em class="arg" >Radius</em>, and sever
				3511	aliasing effects may result. As a guideline, <em class="arg" >Radius</em>
				3512	should be at least twice the <em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value, though three
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	3513	times will produce a more accurate result. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3514
				3515	<p>This differs from the faster <a href="#blur">-blur</a> operator in that a
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3516	full 2-dimensional convolution is used to generate the weighted average of the
				3517	neighboring pixels. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3518
				3519	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				3520	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				3521	</p>
				3522
				3523
				3524	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3525	<h4><a id="geometry"></a>-geometry <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3526	</div>
				3527
				3528	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the preferred size and location of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3529
				3530	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				3531
				3532	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3533	<h4><a id="gravity"></a>-gravity <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3534	</div>
				3535
				3536	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Sets the current gravity suggestion for various other settings and options.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3537
				3538	<p>Choices include: <kbd>NorthWest</kbd>, <kbd>North</kbd>, <kbd>NorthEast</kbd>,
				3539	<kbd>West</kbd>, <kbd>Center</kbd>, <kbd>East</kbd>, <kbd>SouthWest</kbd>,
				3540	<kbd>South</kbd>, <kbd>SouthEast</kbd>. Use <a href="#list">-list gravity</a> to get a complete
				3541	list of <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> settings available in your ImageMagick
				3542	installation.</p>
				3543
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	3544	<p>The direction you choose specifies where to position text or subimages. For example, a gravity of <kbd>Center</kbd> forces the text to be centered within the image. By default, the image gravity is <kbd>NorthWest</kbd>. See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for more details about graphic primitives. Only the text primitive of <a href="#draw">-draw</a> is affected by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3545
				3546	<p>The <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is also used in concert with the <a href="#geometry">-geometry</a> setting and other settings or options that take <em class="arg">geometry</em> as an argument, such as the <a href="#crop">-crop</a> option. </p>
				3547
				3548	<p>If a <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting occurs before another option or setting having a <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument that specifies an offset, the offset is usually applied to the point within the image suggested by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> argument. Thus, in the following command, for example, suppose the file <kbd>image.png</kbd> has dimensions 200x100. The offset specified by the argument to <a href="#region">-region</a> is (−40,+20). The argument to <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> is <kbd>Center</kbd>, which suggests the midpoint of the image, at the point (100,50). The offset (−40,20) is applied to that point, giving (100−40,50+20)=(60,70), so the specified 10x10 region is located at that point. (In addition, the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> affects the region itself, which is <em>centered</em> at the pixel coordinate (60,70). (See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.)</p>
				3549
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	3550	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -gravity Center -region 10x10-40+20 \ <br/> -negate output.png</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3551	<p>When used as an option to <a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>, <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> gives the direction that the image gravitates within the composite.</p>
				3552
				3553	<p>When used as an option to <a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>, <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> gives the direction that an image gravitates within a tile. The default gravity is <kbd>Center</kbd> for this purpose.</p>
				3554
				3555
				3556	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3557	<h4><a id="green-primary"></a>-green-primary <em class="arg">x,y</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3558	</div>
				3559
				3560	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>green chromaticity primary point.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3561
				3562
				3563	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3564	<h4><a id="hald-clut"></a>-hald-clut</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3565	</div>
				3566
				3567	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a Hald color lookup table to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3568
				3569	<p>A Hald color lookup table is a 3-dimensional color cube mapped to 2
				3570	dimensions. Create it with the <kbd>HALD:</kbd> prefix (e.g. HALD:8). You
				3571	can apply any color transformation to the Hald image and then use this option
				3572	to apply the transform to the image. </p>
				3573
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	3574	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png hald.png -hald-clut transform.png</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3575	<p>This option provides a convenient method for you to use Gimp or Photoshop
				3576	to make color corrections to the Hald CLUT image and subsequently apply them
				3577	to multiple images using an ImageMagick script. </p>
				3578
				3579	<p>Note that the representation is only of the normal RGB color space and that
				3580	the whole color value triplet is used for the interpolated lookup of the
				3581	represented Hald color cube image. Because of this the operation is not <a
				3582	href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting effected, nor can it adjust or modify an
				3583	images transparency or alpha/matte channel.</p>
				3584
				3585	<p>See also <a href="#clut" >-clut</a> which provides color value replacement
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	3586	of the individual color channels, usually involving a simpler gray-scale
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3587	image. E.g: gray-scale to color replacement, or modification by a histogram
				3588	mapping. </p>
				3589
				3590
				3591	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3592	<h4><a id="help"></a>-help</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3593	</div>
				3594
				3595	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>print usage instructions.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3596
				3597	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3598	<h4><a id="highlight-color"></a>-highlight-color <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3599	</div>
				3600
				3601	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>when comparing images, emphasize pixel differences with this color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3602
				3603	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3604	<h4><a id="iconGeometry"></a>-iconGeometry <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3605	</div>
				3606
				3607	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the icon geometry.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3608
				3609	<p>Offsets, if present in the geometry specification, are handled in the same manner as the <a href="#geometry">-geometry</a> option, using X11 style to handle negative offsets.</p>
				3610
				3611	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				3612
				3613	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3614	<h4><a id="iconic"></a>-iconic</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3615	</div>
				3616
				3617	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>iconic animation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3618
				3619	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3620	<h4><a id="identify"></a>-identify</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3621	</div>
				3622
				3623	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>identify the format and characteristics of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3624
				3625	<p>This information is printed: image scene number; image name; image size; the image class (<em class="arg">DirectClass</em> or <em class="arg">PseudoClass</em>); the total number of unique colors; and the number of seconds to read and transform the image. Refer to <a href="../www/miff.html">MIFF</a> for a description of the image class.</p>
				3626
cristy	4777498	2011-02-15 15:17:19 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3627	<p>If <a href="#colors">-colors</a> is also specified, the total unique colors in the image and color reduction error values are printed. Refer to <a href="../www/quantize.html">color reduction algorithm</a> for a description of these values.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3628
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3629	<p>If <a href="#verbose">-verbose</a> precedes this option, copious
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3630	amounts of image properties are displayed including image statistics, profiles,
				3631	image histogram, and others.</p>
				3632
				3633	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3634	<h4><a id="ift"></a>-ift</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3635	</div>
				3636
				3637	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>implements the inverse discrete Fourier transform (DFT).</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3638
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3639	<p>This option is new as of ImageMagick 6.5.4-3 (and now working for Windows users in ImageMagick 6.6.0-9). It transforms a pair of magnitude and phase images from the frequency domain to a single image in the normal or spatial domain. See for example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform">Fourier Transform</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFT">Discrete Fourier Transform</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFT">Fast Fourier Transform</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3640
				3641	<p>For example, depending upon the image format used to store the result of the <a href="#fft">-fft</a>, one would use either</p>
				3642
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	3643	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert fft_image.miff -ift fft_image_ift.png</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3644	<p>or</p>
				3645
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	3646	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert fft_image-0.png fft_image-1.png -ift fft_image_ift.png</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3647
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3648	<p>The resulting image may need to be cropped due to padding introduced when the original image, prior to the <a href="#fft">-fft</a> or <a href="#fft">+fft</a>, was not square or even dimensioned. Any padding is at the right and/or bottom sides of the image.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3649
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3650	<p>The <a href="http://www.fftw.org/">FFTW</a> delegate library is required to use <a href="#ift">-ift</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3651
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3652	<p>Use <a href="#ift">+ift</a> (with HDRI enabled) to transform a pair of real and imaginary images from the frequency domain to a single image in the normal (spatial) domain.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3653
				3654	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3655	<h4><a id="immutable"></a>-immutable</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3656	</div>
				3657
				3658	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>make image immutable.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3659
				3660	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3661	<h4><a id="implode"></a>-implode <em class="arg">factor</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3662	</div>
				3663
				3664	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>implode image pixels about the center.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3665
				3666	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3667	<h4><a id="insert"></a>-insert <em class="arg">index</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3668	</div>
				3669
				3670	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>insert the last image into the image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3671
				3672	<p>This option takes last image in the current image sequence and inserts it at the given index. If a negative index is used, the insert position is calculated before the last image is removed from the sequence. As such <kbd>-insert -1</kbd> will result in no change to the image sequence.</p>
				3673
				3674	<p>The <kbd>+insert</kbd> option is equivalent to <kbd>-insert -1</kbd>. In other words, insert the last image, at the end of the current image sequence. Consequently this has no effect on the image sequence order.</p>
				3675
				3676	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3677	<h4><a id="intent"></a>-intent <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3678	</div>
				3679
				3680	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>use this type of rendering intent when managing the image color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3681
				3682	<p>Use this option to affect the color management operation of an image (see <a href="#profile">-profile</a>). Choose from these intents: <kbd>Absolute, Perceptual, Relative, Saturation</kbd>.</p>
				3683
				3684	<p>The default intent is undefined.</p>
				3685
				3686	<p>To print a complete list of rendering intents, use <a href="#list">-list intent</a>.</p>
				3687
				3688	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3689	<h4><a id="interlace"></a>-interlace <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3690	</div>
				3691
				3692	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the type of interlacing scheme.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3693
				3694	<p>Choose from:</p>
				3695
				3696	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3697	none
				3698	line
				3699	plane
				3700	partition
				3701	JPEG
				3702	GIF
				3703	PNG
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3704	</pre>
				3705
				3706	<p>This option is used to specify the type of interlacing scheme for raw image formats such as <kbd>RGB</kbd> or <kbd>YUV</kbd>.</p>
				3707
				3708	<p><kbd>None</kbd> means do not interlace (RGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGB...),</p>
				3709
				3710	<p><kbd>Line</kbd> uses scanline interlacing (RRR...GGG...BBB...RRR...GGG...BBB...), and.</p>
				3711
				3712	<p><kbd>Plane</kbd> uses plane interlacing (RRRRRR...GGGGGG...BBBBBB...).</p>
				3713
				3714	<p><kbd>Partition</kbd> is like plane except the different planes are saved to individual files (e.g. image.R,
				3715	image.G, and image.B).</p>
				3716
				3717	<p>Use <kbd>Line</kbd> or <kbd>Plane</kbd> to create an <kbd>interlaced PNG</kbd> or <kbd>GIF</kbd> or <kbd>progressive JPEG</kbd>
				3718	image.</p>
				3719
				3720	<p>To print a complete list of interlacing schemes, use <a href="#list">-list interlace</a>.</p>
				3721
				3722	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3723	<h4><a id="interpolate"></a>-interpolate <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3724	</div>
				3725
				3726	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the pixel color interpolation method to use when looking up a color based on a floating point or real value.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3727
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3728	<p>When looking up the color of a pixel using a non-integer floating point
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3729	value, you typically fall in between the pixel colors defined by the source
				3730	image. This setting determines how the color is determined from the colors of
				3731	the pixels surrounding that point. That is how to determine the color of a
				3732	point that falls between two, or even four different colored pixels. </p>
				3733
				3734	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3735	integer The color of the top-left pixel (floor function)
				3736	nearest-neighbor The nearest pixel to the lookup point (rounded function)
				3737	average The average color of the surrounding four pixels
				3738	bilinear A double linear interpolation of pixels (the default)
				3739	mesh Divide area into two flat triangular interpolations
				3740	bicubic Fitted bicubic-spines of surrounding 16 pixels
				3741	spline Direct spline curves (colors are blurred)
				3742	filter Use resize <a href="#filter">-filter</a> settings
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3743	</pre>
				3744
				3745	<p>This most important for distortion operators such as <a href="#distort"
				3746	>-distort</a>, <a href="#implode" >-implode</a>, <a href="#transform"
				3747	>-transform</a> and <a href="#fx" >-fx</a>. </p>
				3748
				3749	<p>To print a complete list of interpolation methods, use <a href="#list">-list interpolate</a>.</p>
				3750
				3751	<p>See also <a href="#virtual-pixel" >-virtual-pixel</a>, for control of the
				3752	lookup for positions outside the boundaries of the image. </p>
				3753
				3754
				3755	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3756	<h4><a id="interline-spacing"></a>-interline-spacing <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	f3bb478	2009-09-08 13:10:04 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3757	</div>
				3758
				3759	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the space between two text lines.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3760
				3761	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3762	<h4><a id="interword-spacing"></a>-interword-spacing <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3763	</div>
				3764
				3765	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the space between two words.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3766
				3767	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3768	<h4><a id="kerning"></a>-kerning <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3769	</div>
				3770
				3771	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the space between two letters.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3772
				3773	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3774	<h4><a id="label"></a>-label <em class="arg">name</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3775	</div>
				3776
				3777	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>assign a label to an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3778
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3779	<p>Use this option to assign a specific label to the image, as it is read in
				3780	or created. You can use the <a href="#set" >-set</a> operation to re-assign
				3781	a the labels of images already read in. Image formats such as TIFF, PNG,
				3782	MIFF, supports saving the label information with the image.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3783
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3784	<p>When saving an image to a <em class="arg">PostScript</em> file, any label
				3785	assigned to an image is used as a header string to print above the postscript
				3786	image. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3787
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3788	<p>You can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image
				3789	attribute by embedding special format character. See <a href="../www/escape.html">Format and Print Image
				3790	Properties</a> for details of the percent escape codes.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3791
				3792	<p>For example,</p>
				3793
				3794	<p class="crtsnip">
				3795	-label "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff
				3796	</p>
				3797
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3798	<p>assigns an image label of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> to the
				3799	"<kbd>bird.miff</kbd>" image and whose width is 512 and height is 480, as it
				3800	is read in. If a <a href="#label">+label</a> option was used instead, any
				3801	existing label present in the image would be used. You can remove all labels
				3802	from an image by assigning the empty string. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3803
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3804	<p>A label is not drawn on the image, but is embedded in the image datastream
				3805	via <em>Label</em> tag or similar mechanism. If you want the label to be
				3806	visible on the image itself, use the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option, or
				3807	during the final processing in the creation of a image montage.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3808
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3809	<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">string</em> is <em
				3810	class="arg">@</em>, the image label is read from a file titled by the
				3811	remaining characters in the string. Labels in a file are literal, no embedded
				3812	formatting characters are recognized.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3813
				3814
				3815	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3816	<h4><a id="lat"></a>-lat <em class="arg">width</em><br />-lat <em class="arg">width</em>x<em class="arg">height</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">offset</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3817	</div>
				3818
				3819	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>perform local adaptive threshold.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3820
				3821	<p>Adaptively threshold each pixel based on the value of pixels in a
				3822	surrounding window. If the current pixel is lighter than this average plus
				3823	the optional <kbd>offset</kbd>, then it is made white, otherwise it is made
				3824	black. Small variations in pixel values such as found in scanned documents
				3825	can be ignored if offset is positive. A negative offset will make it more
				3826	sensitive to those small variations. </p>
				3827
				3828	<p>This is commonly used to threshold images with an uneven background. It is
				3829	based on the assumption that average color of the small window is the
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	3830	the local background color, from which to separate the foreground color. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3831
				3832
				3833	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3834	<h4><a id="layers"></a>-layers <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3835	</div>
				3836
				3837	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>handle multiple images forming a set of image layers or animation frames.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3838
				3839	<p>Perform various image operation methods to a ordered sequence of images
				3840	which may represent either a set of overlaid 'image layers', a GIF disposal
				3841	animation, or a fully-'coalesced' animation sequence. </p>
				3842
				3843	<table class="doc">
				3844	<tbody>
				3845	<tr valign="top">
				3846	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				3847	<th align="left">Description</th>
				3848	</tr>
				3849
				3850	<tr valign="top">
				3851	<td valign="top">compare-any</td>
				3852	<td valign="top">Crop the second and later frames to the smallest rectangle
				3853	that contains all the differences between the two images. No GIF <a
				3854	href="#dispose" >-dispose</a> methods are taken into account. </td>
				3855	</tr>
				3856
				3857	<tr><td></td><td>This exactly the same as the <a href="#deconstruct"
				3858	>-deconstruct</a> operator, and does not preserve animations normal
				3859	working, especially when animation used layer disposal methods such as
				3860	'<kbd>Previous</kbd>' or '<kbd>Background</kbd>'. </td>
				3861	</tr>
				3862
				3863	<tr valign="top">
				3864	<td valign="top">compare-clear</td>
				3865	<td valign="top">As '<kbd>compare-any</kbd>' but crop to the bounds of any
				3866	opaque pixels which become transparent in the second frame. That is the
				3867	smallest image needed to mask or erase pixels for the next frame. </td>
				3868	</tr>
				3869
				3870	<tr valign="top">
				3871	<td valign="top">compare-overlay</td>
				3872	<td valign="top">As '<kbd>compare-any</kbd>' but crop to pixels that add
				3873	extra color to the next image, as a result of overlaying color pixels.
				3874	That is the smallest single overlaid image to add or change colors. </td>
				3875	</tr>
				3876
				3877	<tr><td></td><td>This can be used with the <a href="#compose" >-compose</a> alpha
				3878	composition method '<kbd>change-mask</kbd>', to reduce the image to
				3879	just the pixels that need to be overlaid. </td>
				3880	</tr>
				3881
				3882	<tr valign="top">
				3883	<td valign="top">coalesce</td>
				3884	<td valign="top">Equivalent to a call to the <a href="#coalesce"
				3885	>-coalesce</a> operator. Apply the layer disposal methods set in the
				3886	current image sequence to form a fully defined animation sequence, as
				3887	it should be displayed. Effectively converting a GIF animation into a
				3888	'film strip'-like animation. </td>
				3889	</tr>
				3890
				3891	<tr valign="top">
				3892	<td valign="top">composite</td>
				3893	<td valign="top">Alpha Composition of two image lists, separated by a
				3894	"<kbd>null:</kbd>" image, with the destination image list first, and
				3895	the source images last. An image from each list are composited
				3896	together until one list is finished. The separator image and source
				3897	image lists are removed. </td>
				3898	</tr>
				3899
				3900
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3901	<tr><td></td>
				3902	<td>The <a href="#geometry" >-geometry</a> offset is adjusted according
				3903	to <a href="#gravity" >-gravity</a> in accordance of the virtual
				3904	canvas size of the first image in each list. Unlike a normal <a
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3905	href="#composite" >-composite</a> operation, the canvas offset is also
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3906	added to the final composite positioning of each image. </td> </tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3907
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3908	<tr><td></td>
				3909	<td>If one of the image lists only contains one image, that image is
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3910	applied to all the images in the other image list, regardless of which
				3911	list it is. In this case it is the image meta-data of the list which
				3912	preserved. </td>
				3913	</tr>
				3914
				3915
				3916	<tr valign="top">
				3917	<td valign="top">dispose</td>
				3918	<td valign="top">This like '<kbd>coalesce</kbd>' but shows the look of
				3919	the animation after the layer disposal method has been applied, before
				3920	the next sub-frame image is overlaid. That is the 'dispose' image that
				3921	results from the application of the GIF <a href="#dispose"
				3922	>-dispose</a> method. This allows you to check what
				3923	is going wrong with a particular animation you may be developing.
				3924	</td>
				3925	</tr>
				3926
				3927	<tr valign="top">
				3928	<td valign="top">flatten</td>
				3929	<td valign="top">Create a canvas the size of the first images virtual
				3930	canvas using the current <a href="#background" >-background</a> color,
				3931	and <a href="#compose" >-compose</a> each image in turn onto that
				3932	canvas. Images falling outside that canvas is clipped. Final
				3933	image will have a zero virtual canvas offset. </td>
				3934	</tr>
				3935
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3936	<tr><td></td>
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	3937	<td>This usually used as one of the final 'image layering' operations
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3938	overlaying all the prepared image layers into a final image. </td>
				3939	</tr>
				3940
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3941	<tr><td></td>
				3942	<td>For a single image this method can also be used to fillout a virtual
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3943	canvas with real pixels, or to underlay a opaque color to remove
				3944	transparency from an image.</td>
				3945	</tr>
				3946
				3947
				3948	<tr valign="top">
				3949	<td valign="top">merge</td>
				3950	<td valign="top">As 'flatten' method but merging all the given image
cristy	10549a1	2011-05-15 19:04:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3951	layers to create a new layer image just large enough to hold all the
				3952	image without clipping or extra space. The new images virtual offset
				3953	will preserve the position of the new layer, even if this offset is
				3954	negative. The virtual canvas size of the first image is preserved.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3955	</td>
cristy	10549a1	2011-05-15 19:04:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3956	</tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3957
cristy	10549a1	2011-05-15 19:04:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3958	<tr><td></td><td>Caution is advised when handling image layers with
				3959	negative offsets as few image file formats handle them correctly.
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	3960	Following this operation method with <a href="#repage" >+repage</a>
cristy	10549a1	2011-05-15 19:04:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3961	will remove the layer offset, and create a image in which all the
				3962	overlaid image positions relative to each other is preserved, though
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	3963	not necessarily exactly where you specified them.
cristy	10549a1	2011-05-15 19:04:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3964	</td>
				3965	</tr>
				3966
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	3967	<tr><td></td><td>See also 'trim-bounds' below which is closely related but
cristy	10549a1	2011-05-15 19:04:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3968	without doing the'flatten' to merge the images together. </td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3969	</tr>
				3970
				3971	<tr valign="top">
				3972	<td valign="top">mosaic</td>
				3973	<td valign="top">As 'flatten' method but expanding the initial canvas size
cristy	10549a1	2011-05-15 19:04:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3974	of the first image in a positive direction only so as to hold all the
				3975	image layers. However as a virtual canvas is 'locked' to the origin,
				3976	by its own definition, image layers with a negative offsets will still
				3977	become clipped by the top and left edges. See 'merge' or 'trim-bounds'
				3978	if this could be a problem. </td>
				3979
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3980	</tr>
				3981
cristy	10549a1	2011-05-15 19:04:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3982	<tr><td></td><td>This method is commonly used to layout individual image
				3983	using various offset but without knowing the final canvas size. The
				3984	resulting image will, like 'flatten' not have any virtual offset, so
				3985	can be saved to any image file format. </td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3986	</tr>
				3987
				3988
				3989	<tr valign="top">
				3990	<td valign="top">optimize</td>
				3991	<td valign="top">Optimize a coalesced animation, into GIF animation using
				3992	a number of general techniques. This currently a short cut to
				3993	apply both the '<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>', and
				3994	'<kbd>optimize-transparency</kbd>' methods but may be expanded to
				3995	include other optimization methods as they are developed. </td>
				3996	</tr>
				3997
				3998	<tr valign="top">
				3999	<td valign="top">optimize-frame</td>
				4000	<td valign="top">Optimize a coalesced animation, into GIF animation by
				4001	reducing the number of pixels per frame as much as possible by
				4002	attempting to pick the best layer disposal method to use, while ensuring
				4003	the result will continue to animate properly. </td>
				4004	</tr>
				4005
cristy	10549a1	2011-05-15 19:04:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4006	<tr><td></td><td> There is no guarantee that the best optimization is found.
				4007	But then no reasonably fast GIF optimization algorithm can do this.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4008	However this does seem to do better than most other GIF frame
				4009	optimizers seen. </td>
				4010	</tr>
				4011
				4012	<tr valign="top">
				4013	<td valign="top">optimize-plus</td>
				4014	<td valign="top">As '<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>' but attempt to improve the
				4015	overall optimization by adding extra frames to the animation, without
				4016	changing the final look or timing of the animation. The frames are
				4017	added to attempt to separate the clearing of pixels from the
				4018	overlaying of new additional pixels from one animation frame to the
				4019	next. If this does not improve the optimization (for the next frame
				4020	only), it will fall back to the results of the previous normal
				4021	'<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>' technique. </td>
				4022	</tr>
				4023
cristy	10549a1	2011-05-15 19:04:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4024	<tr><td></td><td>There is the possibility that the change in the disposal
				4025	style will result in a worsening in the optimization of later frames,
				4026	though this is unlikely. In other words there no guarantee that it is
				4027	better than the normal '<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>' technique. For some
				4028	animations however you can get a vast improvement in the final
				4029	animation size. </td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4030	</tr>
				4031
				4032	<tr valign="top">
				4033	<td valign="top">optimize-transparency</td>
				4034	<td valign="top">Given a GIF animation, replace any pixel in the sub-frame
				4035	overlay images with transparency, if it does not change the resulting
				4036	animation by more than the current <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor.
				4037	</td>
				4038	</tr>
				4039
cristy	10549a1	2011-05-15 19:04:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4040	<tr><td></td><td>This should allow a existing frame optimized GIF animation
				4041	to compress into a smaller file size due to larger areas of one
				4042	(transparent) color rather than a pattern of multiple colors repeating
				4043	the current disposed image of the last frame. </td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4044	</tr>
				4045
				4046	<tr valign="top">
				4047	<td valign="top">remove-dups</td>
				4048	<td valign="top">Remove (and merge time delays) of duplicate consecutive
				4049	images, so as to simplify layer overlays of coalesced animations.
				4050	</td>
				4051	</tr>
				4052
cristy	10549a1	2011-05-15 19:04:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4053	<tr><td></td><td>Usually this a result of using a constant time delay
				4054	across the whole animation, or after a larger animation was split into
				4055	smaller sub-animations. The duplicate frames could also have been
				4056	used as part of some frame optimization methods. </td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4057	</tr>
				4058
				4059	<tr valign="top">
				4060	<td valign="top">remove-zero</td>
				4061	<td valign="top">Remove any image with a zero time delay, unless ALL the
				4062	images have a zero time delay (and is not a proper timed animation, a
				4063	warning is then issued). </td>
				4064	</tr>
				4065
cristy	10549a1	2011-05-15 19:04:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4066	<tr><td></td><td>In a GIF animation, such images are usually frames which
				4067	provide partial intermediary updates between the frames that are
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4068	actually displayed to users. These frames are usually added for
cristy	10549a1	2011-05-15 19:04:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4069	improved frame optimization in GIF animations. </td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4070	</tr>
				4071
				4072	<tr valign="top">
				4073	<td valign="top">trim-bounds</td>
				4074	<td valign="top">Find the bounds of all the images in the current
				4075	image sequence, then adjust the offsets so all images are contained on
cristy	10549a1	2011-05-15 19:04:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4076	a minimal positive canvas. None of the image data is modified or
				4077	merged, only the individual image virtual canvas size and offset.
				4078	All the images is given the same canvas size, and and will have
				4079	a positive offset, but will remain in the same position relative to
				4080	each other. As a result of the minimal canvas size at least one image
				4081	will touch every edge of that canvas. The image data touching those
				4082	edges however may be transparent. </td>
				4083	</tr>
				4084
				4085	<tr><td></td><td>The result is much like if you used 'merge' followed by a
				4086	<a href="#repage" >+repage</a> option, except that all the images
				4087	have been kept separate. If 'flatten' is used after using
				4088	'trim-bounds' you will get the same result. </td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4089	</tr>
				4090
				4091	</tbody>
				4092	</table>
				4093
				4094	<p>To print a complete list of layer types, use <a href="#list">-list layers</a>.</p>
				4095
				4096	<p>The operators <a href="#coalesce" >-coalesce</a>, <a href="#deconstruct"
				4097	>-deconstruct</a>, <a href="#flatten" >-flatten</a>, and <a href="#mosaic"
cristy	10549a1	2011-05-15 19:04:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4098	>-mosaic</a> are only aliases for the above methods and may be depreciated in
				4099	the future. Also see <a href="#page" >-page</a>, <a href="#repage"
				4100	>-repage</a> operators, the <a href="#compose" >-compose</a> setting, and the
				4101	GIF <a href="#dispose" >-dispose</a> and <a href="#delay" >-delay</a>
				4102	settings. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4103
				4104
				4105	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4106	<h4><a id="level"></a>-level <em class="arg">black_point</em>{,<em class="arg">white_point</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}{,<em class="arg">gamma</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4107	</div>
				4108
				4109	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>adjust the level of image channels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4110
				4111	<p>Given one, two or three values delimited with commas: black-point,
				4112	white-point, gamma (for example: 10,250,1.0 or 2%,98%,0.5). The black and
				4113	white points range from 0 to <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>, or from 0 to 100%; if the white
				4114	point is omitted it is set to (<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> - black_point), so as to center
				4115	contrast changes. If a <kbd>%</kbd> sign is present anywhere in the string,
				4116	both black and white points are percentages of the full color range. Gamma
				4117	will do a <a href="#gamma">-gamma</a> adjustment of the values. If it is
				4118	omitted, the default of 1.0 (no gamma correction) is assumed.</p>
				4119
				4120	<p>In normal usage (<kbd>-level</kbd>) the image values are stretched so that
				4121	the given '<kbd>black_point</kbd>' value in the original image is set to
				4122	zero (or black), while the given '<kbd>white_point</kbd>' value is set to
				4123	<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> (or white). This provides you with direct contrast adjustments
				4124	to the image. The '<kbd>gamma</kbd>' of the resulting image will then be
				4125	adjusted. </p>
				4126
				4127	<p>From ImageMagick v6.4.1-9 using the plus form of the operator (<kbd>+level</kbd>) or
				4128	adding the special '!' flag anywhere in the argument list, will cause the
				4129	operator to do the reverse of the level adjustment. That is a zero, or
				4130	<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> value (black, and white, resp.) in the original image, is
				4131	adjusted to the given level values, allowing you to de-contrast, or compress
				4132	the channel values within the image. The '<kbd>gamma</kbd>' is adjusted before the level adjustment to de-contrast the image is made. </p>
				4133
				4134	<p>Only the channels defined by the current <a href="#channel">-channel</a>
				4135	setting are adjusted (defaults to RGB color channels only), allowing you to
				4136	limit the effect of this operator. </p>
				4137
				4138	<p>Please note that the transparency channel is treated as 'matte'
				4139	values (0 is opaque) and not as 'alpha' values (0 is transparent).</p>
				4140
				4141
				4142	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4143	<h4><a id="level-colors"></a>-level-colors {<em
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4144	class="arg">black_color</em>}{,}{<em class="arg">white_color</em>}</h4>
				4145	</div>
				4146
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4147	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>adjust the level of an image using the provided dash separated colors.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4148
				4149	<p>This function is exactly like <a href="#level">-level</a>, except that the
				4150	value value for each color channel is determined by the
				4151	'<kbd>black_color</kbd>' and '<kbd>white_color</kbd>' colors given (as
				4152	described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option). </p>
				4153
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4154	<p>This effectually means the colors provided to <kbd>-level-colors</kbd>
				4155	is mapped to become 'black' and 'white' respectively, with all the other
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4156	colors linearly adjusted (or clipped) to match that change. Each channel is
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4157	adjusted separately using the channel values of the colors specified. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4158
				4159	<p>On the other hand the plus form of the operator (<kbd>+level-colors</kbd>)
				4160	will map the image color 'black' and 'white' to the given colors
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4161	respectively, resulting in a gradient (de-contrasting) tint of the image to
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4162	those colors. This can also be used to convert a plain gray-scale image into a
				4163	one using the gradient of colors specified. </p>
				4164
				4165	<p>By supplying a single color with a comma separator either before or after
				4166	that color, will just replace the respective 'black' or 'white' point
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4167	respectively. But if no comma separator is provided, the given color is
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4168	used for both the black and white color points, making the operator either
				4169	threshold the images around that color (- form) or set all colors to that
				4170	color (+ form). </p>
				4171
				4172
				4173	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4174	<h4><a id="limit"></a>-limit <em class="arg">type value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4175	</div>
				4176
				4177	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the pixel cache resource limit.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4178
				4179	<p>Choose from: <kbd>area</kbd>, <kbd>disk</kbd>, <kbd>file</kbd>, <kbd>map</kbd>, <kbd>memory</kbd>, <kbd>threads</kbd>, or <kbd>time</kbd>.</p>
				4180
cristy	6b63665	2009-12-05 17:16:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4181	<p>The value for <kbd>file</kbd> is in number of files. The other limits are in bytes. By default the limits are 768 files, 2GB of image area, 1.5GiB memory, 8GiB memory map, and 18.45EB of disk. These limits are adjusted relative to the available resources on your computer if this information is available. When any limit is reached, ImageMagick fails in some fashion but attempts to take compensating actions, if possible. For example, the following limits memory:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4182
				4183	<p class="crtsnip">
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4184	-limit memory 32MiB -limit map 64MiB
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4185	</p>
				4186
				4187	<p>Use <a href="#list">-list resource</a> to list the current limits. For example, our system shows these limits:</p>
				4188
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4189	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>identify -list resource</span><span class='crtout'></span></p><pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4190	File Area Memory Map Disk Thread Time
				4191	------------------------------------------------------------------------------
				4192	768 12.404GB 8.6642GiB 23.104GiB 18.446744EB 8 unlimited
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4193	</pre>
				4194
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4195	<p>Requests for pixel storage to keep intermediate images are satisfied by one of three resource categories: in-memory pool, memory-mapped files pool, and disk pool (in that order) depending on the <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#limit">‑limit</a> settings and whether the system honors a resource request. If the total size of allocated pixel storage in the given pool reaches the corresponding limit, the request is passed to the next pool. Additionally, requests that exceed the <kbd>area</kbd> limit automagically are allocated on disk.</p>
				4196
				4197	<p>To illustrate how ImageMagick utilizes resource limits, consider a typical image resource request. First, ImageMagick tries to allocate the pixels in memory. The request might be denied if the resource request exceeds the <kbd>memory</kbd> limit or if the system does not honor the request. If a memory request is not honored, the pixels are allocated to disk and the file is memory-mapped. However, if the allocation request exceeds the <kbd>map</kbd> limit, the resource allocation goes to disk. In all cases, if the resource request exceeds the <kbd>area</kbd> limit, the pixels are automagically cached to disk. If the disk has a hard limit, the program fails.</p>
				4198
				4199	<p>In most cases you simply do not need to concern yourself with resource limits. ImageMagick chooses reasonable defaults and most images do not tax your computer resources. Where limits do come in handy is when you process images that are large or on shared systems where ImageMagick can consume all or most of the available memory. In this case, the ImageMagick workflow slows other processes or, in extreme cases, brings the system to a halt. Under these circumstances, setting limits give some assurances that the ImageMagick workflow will not interfere with other concurrent uses of the computer. For example, assume you have a web interface that processes images uploaded from the Internet. To assure ImageMagick does not exceed 10mb of memory you can simply set the area limit to 10mb:</p>
				4200
				4201	<p class="crtsnip">
				4202	-limit area 10mb
				4203	</p>
				4204
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4205	<p>Now whenever a large image is processed, the pixels are automagically cached to disk instead of memory. This of course implies that large images typically process very slowly, simply because pixel processing in memory can be an order of magnitude faster than on disk. Because your web site users might inadvertently upload a huge image to process, you should set a disk limit as well:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4206
				4207	<p class="crtsnip">
				4208	-limit area 10mb -limit disk 500mb
				4209	</p>
				4210
				4211	<p>Here ImageMagick stops processing if an image requires more than 500MB of disk storage.</p>
				4212
				4213	<p>In addition to command-line resource limit option, resources can be set with <a href="../www/resources.html#environment">environment variables</a>. Set the environment variables <kbd>MAGICK_AREA_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_DISK_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_FILE_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_MEMORY_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_MAP_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_THREAD_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_TIME_LIMIT</kbd> for limits of image area, disk space, open files, heap memory, memory map, number of threads of execution, and maximum elapsed time in seconds respectively.</p>
				4214
				4215	<p> Inquisitive users can try adding <a href="#debug">-debug cache</a> to their commands and then scouring the generated output for references to the pixel cache, in order to determine how the pixel cache was allocated and how resources were consumed. Advanced Unix/Linux users can pipe that output through <kbd>grep memory\|open\|destroy\|disk</kbd> for more readable sifting.
				4216	</p>
				4217
				4218	<p>For more about ImageMagick's use of resources, see the section <b>Cache Storage and Resource Requirements</b> on the <a href="../www/architecture.html#cache">Architecture</a> page.
				4219	</p>
				4220
				4221	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4222	<h4><a id="linear-stretch"></a>-linear-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em><br />-linear-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em>{x<em class="arg">white-point</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4223	</div>
				4224
				4225	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Linear with saturation stretch.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4226
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4227	<p>This is very similar to <a href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a>,
				4228	and uses a 'histogram bin' to determine the range of color values that needs to
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4229	be stretched. However it then stretches those colors using the <a
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4230	href="#level" >-level</a> operator.</p>
				4231
				4232	<p>As such while the initial determination may have 'binning' round off
				4233	effects, the image colors are stretched mathematically, rather than using the
				4234	histogram bins. This makes the operator more accurate. </p>
				4235
				4236	<p>note however that a <a href="#linear-stretch" >-linear-stretch</a> of
				4237	'<kbd>0</kbd>' does nothing, while a value of '<kbd>1</kbd>' does a near
				4238	perfect stretch of the color range. </p>
				4239
				4240	<p>See also <a href="#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect'
				4241	normalization of mathematical images. </p>
				4242
				4243	<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p>
				4244
				4245
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4246	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4247	<h4><a id="linewidth"></a>-linewidth</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4248	</div>
				4249
				4250	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the line width for subsequent draw operations.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4251
				4252	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4253	<h4><a id="liquid-rescale"></a>-liquid-rescale <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4254	</div>
				4255
				4256	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>rescale image with seam-carving.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4257
				4258	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				4259
				4260	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4261	<h4><a id="list"></a>-list <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4262	</div>
				4263
				4264	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Print a list of supported arguments for various options or settings. Choose from these list types:</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4265
				4266	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4267	Align Alpha Boolean Channel
				4268	Class ClipPath Coder Color
				4269	Colorspace Command Compose Compress
				4270	Configure DataType Debug Decoration
				4271	Delegate Direction Dispose Distort
				4272	Dither Endian Evaluate FillRule
				4273	Filter Font Format Function
				4274	Gravity ImageList Intent Interlace
				4275	Interpolate Kernel Layers LineCap
				4276	LineJoin List Locale LogEvent
				4277	Log Magic Method Metric
				4278	Mime Mode Morphology Module
				4279	Noise Orientation Policy PolicyDomain
				4280	PolicyRights Preview Primitive QuantumFormat
				4281	Resource SparseColor Storage Stretch
				4282	Style Threshold Type Units
				4283	Validate VirtualPixel
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4284	</pre>
				4285
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4286	<p>These lists vary depending on your version of ImageMagick. Use "<kbd>-list
				4287	list</kbd>" to get a complete listing of all the "<kbd>-list</kbd>" arguments
				4288	available:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4289
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4290	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>identify -list list</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4291	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4292	<h4><a id="log"></a>-log <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4293	</div>
				4294
				4295	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify format for debug log.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4296
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4297	<p>This option specifies the format for the log printed when the <a
				4298	href="#debug">-debug</a> option is active.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4299
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4300	<p>You can display the following components by embedding special format
				4301	characters:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4302
				4303	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4304	%d domain
				4305	%e event
				4306	%f function
				4307	%l line
				4308	%m module
				4309	%p process ID
				4310	%r real CPU time
				4311	%t wall clock time
				4312	%u user CPU time
				4313	%% percent sign
				4314	\n newline
				4315	\r carriage return
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4316	</pre>
				4317
				4318	<p>For example:</p>
				4319
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4320	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert -debug coders -log "%u %m:%l %e" in.gif out.png</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4321	<p>The default behavior is to print all of the components.</p>
				4322
				4323	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4324	<h4><a id="loop"></a>-loop <em class="arg">iterations</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4325	</div>
				4326
				4327	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>add Netscape loop extension to your GIF animation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4328
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4329	<p>Set iterations to zero to repeat the animation an infinite number of times,
				4330	otherwise the animation repeats itself up to <em class="arg">iterations</em>
				4331	times.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4332
				4333	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4334	<h4><a id="lowlight-color"></a>-lowlight-color <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4335	</div>
				4336
				4337	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>when comparing images, de-emphasize pixel differences with this color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4338
				4339	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4340	<h4><a id="magnify"></a>-magnify <em class="arg">factor</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4341	</div>
				4342
				4343	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>magnify the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4344
				4345
				4346	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4347	<h4><a id="map"></a>-map <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4348	</div>
				4349
				4350	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Display image using this <em class="arg">type</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4351
				4352	<p>Choose from these <em class="arg">Standard Colormap</em> types:</p>
				4353
				4354	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4355	best
				4356	default
				4357	gray
				4358	red
				4359	green
				4360	blue
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4361	</pre>
				4362
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4363	<p>The <em class="arg">X server</em> must support the <em class="arg">Standard
				4364	Colormap</em> you choose, otherwise an error occurs. Use <kbd>list</kbd> as
				4365	the type and <kbd>display</kbd> searches the list of colormap types in
				4366	<kbd>top-to-bottom</kbd> order until one is located. See <em
				4367	class="arg">xstdcmap(1)</em> for one way of creating Standard Colormaps.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4368
				4369
				4370	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4371	<h4><a id="map_stream_"></a>-map <em class="arg">components</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4372	</div>
				4373
				4374	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>pixel map.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/stream.html">stream</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4375
				4376	<p>Here are the valid components of a map:</p>
				4377
				4378	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4379	r red pixel component
				4380	g green pixel component
				4381	b blue pixel component
				4382	a alpha pixel component (0 is transparent)
				4383	o opacity pixel component (0 is opaque)
				4384	i grayscale intensity pixel component
				4385	c cyan pixel component
				4386	m magenta pixel component
				4387	y yellow pixel component
				4388	k black pixel component
				4389	p pad component (always 0)
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4390	</pre>
				4391
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4392	<p>You can specify as many of these components as needed in any order (e.g.
				4393	bgr). The components can repeat as well (e.g. rgbr).</p>
				4394
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4395
				4396	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4397	<h4><a id="mask"></a>-mask
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4398	<em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
				4399	</div>
				4400
cristy	acc0488	2011-05-04 23:03:43 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4401	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Prevent updates to image pixels specified by the mask.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4402
cristy	acc0488	2011-05-04 23:03:43 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4403	<p>This the same as using a mask used for composite masking operations, with
				4404	grayscale values causing blended updates of the image the mask is attached to.
				4405	</P>
				4406
				4407	<p>Use <a href="#mask">+mask</a> to remove the mask from images.</p>
				4408
				4409	<p>Also see <a href="#clip-mask">-clip-mask</a> which work in the same way,
				4410	but with strict boolean masking. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4411
				4412	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4413	<h4><a id="mattecolor"></a>-mattecolor <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4414	</div>
				4415
				4416	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify the color to be used with the <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4417
				4418	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				4419
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4420	<p>The default matte color is <kbd>#BDBDBD</kbd>, <span
				4421	style="background-color: #bdbdbd;">this shade of gray</span>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4422
				4423	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4424	<h4><a id="maximum"></a>-maximum</h4>
cristy	d2baf7d	2010-03-06 04:26:44 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4425	</div>
				4426
				4427	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>return the maximum intensity of an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4428
cristy	acc0488	2011-05-04 23:03:43 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4429	<p>Select the 'maximum' value from all the surrounding pixels. </p>
				4430
				4431	<p>This is legacy option from the <a href="#statistic" >method</A> of the same
				4432	name. </p>
				4433
cristy	d2baf7d	2010-03-06 04:26:44 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4434	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4435	<h4><a id="median"></a>-median <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4436	</div>
				4437
				4438	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a median filter to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4439
cristy	acc0488	2011-05-04 23:03:43 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4440	<p>Select the 'middle' value from all the surrounding pixels. </p>
				4441
				4442	<p>This is legacy option from the <a href="#statistic" >method</A> of the same
				4443	name. </p>
				4444
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4445	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4446	<h4><a id="metric"></a>-metric <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4447	</div>
				4448
				4449	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Output to STDERR a measure of the differences between images according to the <em class="arg">type</em> given metric.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4450
				4451	<p>Choose from:</p>
				4452
				4453	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4454	AE absolute error count, number of different pixels (-fuzz effected)
				4455	FUZZ mean color distance
				4456	MAE mean absolute error (normalized), average channel error distance
				4457	MEPP mean error per pixel (normalized mean error, normalized peak error)
				4458	MSE mean error squared, average of the channel error squared
				4459	NCC normalized cross correlation
				4460	PAE peak absolute (normalize peak absolute)
				4461	PSNR peak signal to noise ratio
				4462	RMSE root mean squared (normalized root mean squared)
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4463	</pre>
				4464
cristy	771f7a7	2010-11-27 21:42:59 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4465	<p>Control the '<kbd>AE</kbd>', or absolute count of pixels that are different,
				4466	with the <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor (ignore pixels which
				4467	only changed by a small amount). Use '<kbd>PAE</kbd>' to find the
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4468	size of the <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor needed to make all pixels
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4469	'similar', while '<kbd>MAE</kbd>' determines the factor needed
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4470	for about half the pixels to be similar. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4471
				4472	<p>The '<kbd>MEPP</kbd>' metric returns three different metrics
				4473	('<kbd>MAE</kbd>', '<kbd>MAE</kbd>' normalized, and '<kbd>PAE</kbd>'
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4474	normalized) from a single comparison run. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4475
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4476	<p>To print a complete list of metrics, use the <a href="#list">-list
				4477	metrics</a> option.</p>
				4478
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4479
cristy	d2baf7d	2010-03-06 04:26:44 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4480	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4481	<h4><a id="minimum"></a>-minimum</h4>
cristy	d2baf7d	2010-03-06 04:26:44 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4482	</div>
				4483
				4484	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>return the minimum intensity of an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4485
cristy	acc0488	2011-05-04 23:03:43 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4486	<p>Select the 'minimal' value from all the surrounding pixels. </p>
				4487
				4488	<p>This is legacy option from the <a href="#statistic" >method</A> of the same
				4489	name. </p>
				4490
				4491
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4492
				4493	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4494	<h4><a id="mode"></a>-mode <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4495	</div>
				4496
cristy	29c5c99	2011-06-25 13:58:49 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4497	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>make each pixel the 'predominant color' of the neighborhood.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/convert.html">convert</a>, <a href="../www/mogrify.html">mogrify</a>]</td></tr></table>
cristy	be3c5be	2011-03-05 17:35:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4498
				4499	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4500	<h4>-mode <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				4501	</div>
				4502
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4503	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mode of operation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4504
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4505	<p>Choose the <em class="arg">value</em> from these styles: <kbd>Frame,
				4506	Unframe, or Concatenate</kbd></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4507
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4508	<p>Use the <a href="#list" >-list</a> option with a '<kbd>Mode</kbd>' argument
				4509	for a list of <a href="#mode" >-mode</a> arguments available in your
				4510	ImageMagick installation.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4511
				4512
				4513	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4514	<h4><a id="modulate"></a>-modulate <em class="arg">brightness</em>[,<em class="arg">saturation</em>,<em class="arg">hue</em>]</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4515	</div>
				4516
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4517	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Vary the <em class="arg">brightness</em>, <em
				4518	class="arg">saturation</em>, and <em class="arg">hue</em> of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4519
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4520	<p>The arguments are given as a percentages of variation. A value of 100 means
				4521	no change, and any missing values are taken to mean 100.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4522
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4523	<p>The <em class="arg">brightness</em> is a multiplier of the overall
				4524	brightness of the image, so 0 means pure black, 50 is half as bright, 200 is
				4525	twice as bright. To invert its meaning <a href="#negate">-negate</a> the image
				4526	before and after. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4527
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4528	<p>The <em class="arg">saturation</em> controls the amount of color in an
				4529	image. For example, 0 produce a grayscale image, while a large value such as
				4530	200 produce a very colorful, 'cartoonish' color.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4531
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4532	<p>The <em class="arg">hue</em> argument causes a "rotation" of the colors
				4533	within the image by the amount specified. For example, 50 results in
				4534	a counter-clockwise rotation of 90, mapping red shades to purple, and so on.
				4535	A value of either 0 or 200 results in a complete 180 degree rotation of the
				4536	image. Using a value of 300 is a 360 degree rotation resulting in no change to
				4537	the original image. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4538
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4539	<p>For example, to increase the color brightness by 20% and decrease the color
				4540	saturation by 10% and leave the hue unchanged, use <a
				4541	href="#modulate">-modulate 120,90</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4542
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4543	<p>Use <a href="#set">-set</a> attribute of '<kbd
				4544	class="arg">option:modulate:colorspace</kbd>' to specify which colorspace to
				4545	modulate. Choose from <kbd>HSB</kbd>, <kbd>HSL</kbd> (the default), or
				4546	<kbd>HWB</kbd>. For example,</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4547
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4548	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -set option:modulate:colorspace hsb -modulate 120,90 modulate.png</span></p>
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4549
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4550	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4551	<h4><a id="monitor"></a>-monitor</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4552	</div>
				4553
				4554	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>monitor progress.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4555
				4556
				4557	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4558	<h4><a id="monochrome"></a>-monochrome</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4559	</div>
				4560
				4561	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>transform the image to black and white.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4562
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4563	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4564	<h4><a id="morph"></a>-morph <em class="arg">frames</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4565	</div>
				4566
				4567	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>morphs an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4568
				4569	<p>Both the image pixels and size are linearly interpolated to give the
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4570	appearance of a metamorphosis from one image to the next, over all the images
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4571	in the current image list. The added images are the equivalent of a <a
				4572	href="#blend">-blend</a> composition. The <em class="arg">frames</em>
				4573	argument determine how many images to interpolate between each image. </p>
				4574
				4575
				4576	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4577	<h4><a id="morphology"></a>-morphology</h4>
				4578	<h4>-morphology <em class="arg">method</em> <em class="arg">kernel</em></h4>
cristy	488844c	2010-01-22 14:02:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4579	</div>
				4580
cristy	2c83960	2010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4581	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a morphology method to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	488844c	2010-01-22 14:02:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4582
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4583	<p>Until I get around to writing a option summary for this, see <a
				4584	href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/morphology/" >IM Usage Examples,
				4585	Morphology</a>. </p>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4586
				4587
cristy	488844c	2010-01-22 14:02:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4588	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4589	<h4><a id="mosaic"></a>-mosaic</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4590	</div>
				4591
				4592	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>an simple alias for the <a href="#layers" >-layers</a> method "mosaic"</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4593
				4594
				4595	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4596	<h4><a id="motion-blur"></a>-motion-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-motion-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>+<em class="arg">angle</em>+<em class="arg">bias</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4597	</div>
				4598
				4599	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate motion blur.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4600
				4601	<p>Blur with the given radius, standard deviation (sigma), and angle. The
				4602	angle given is the angle toward which the image is blurred. That is the
				4603	direction people would consider the object is coming from. </p>
				4604
				4605	<p>Note that the blur is not uniform distribution, giving the motion a
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4606	definite sense of direction of movement. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4607
				4608	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				4609	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				4610	</p>
				4611
				4612	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4613	<h4><a id="name"></a>-name</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4614	</div>
				4615
				4616	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>name an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4617	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4618	<h4><a id="negate"></a>-negate</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4619	</div>
				4620
cristy	b29bc03	2010-02-01 20:29:43 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4621	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>replace each pixel with its complementary color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4622
				4623	<p>The red, green, and blue intensities of an image are negated. White becomes black, yellow becomes blue, etc. Use <a href="#negate">+negate</a> to only negate the grayscale pixels of the image.</p>
				4624
				4625	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4626	<h4><a id="noise"></a>-noise <em class="arg">geometry</em><br/>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4627	+noise <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				4628	</div>
				4629
				4630	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Add or reduce noise in an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4631
				4632	<p>The principal function of noise peak elimination filter is to smooth the objects within an image without losing edge information and without creating undesired structures. The central idea of the algorithm is to replace a pixel with its next neighbor in value within a pixel window, if this pixel has been found to be noise. A pixel is defined as noise if and only if this pixel is a maximum or minimum within the pixel window.</p>
				4633
				4634	<p>Use <kbd><a href="#noise">-noise</a> <em class="arg">radius</em></kbd> to specify the width of the neighborhood when reducing noise.</p>
				4635
				4636	<p>Use <a href="#noise">+noise</a> followed by a noise <em class="arg">type</em> to add noise to an image. Choose from these noise types:</p>
				4637
				4638	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4639	Gaussian
				4640	Impulse
				4641	Laplacian
				4642	Multiplicative
				4643	Poisson
				4644	Random
				4645	Uniform
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4646	</pre>
				4647
				4648	<p>To print a complete list of noises, use the <a href="#list">-list noise</a> option.</p>
				4649
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4650	<p>Also see the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> noise functions that allows
				4651	the use of a controlling value to specify the amount of noise that should be
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4652	added to an image. </p>
				4653
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4654
				4655	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4656	<h4><a id="normalize"></a>-normalize</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4657	</div>
				4658
				4659	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Increase the contrast in an image by <em>stretching</em> the range of intensity values.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4660
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4661	<p>The intensity values are stretched to cover the entire range of possible
				4662	values. While doing so, black-out at most <em>2%</em> of the pixels and
				4663	white-out at most <em>1%</em> of the pixels.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4664
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4665	<p>Note that as of ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <a href="#normalize" >-normalize</a>
				4666	is equivalent to <a href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch 2%x1%</a>.
				4667	(Before this version, it was equivalent to <a href="#contrast-stretch"
				4668	>-contrast-stretch 2%x99%</a>).</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4669
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4670	<p>All the channels are normalized in concert by the came amount so as to
				4671	preserve color integrity, when the default <a href="#channel" >+channel</a>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4672	setting is in use. Specifying any other <a href="#channel" >-channel</a>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4673	setting will normalize the RGB channels independently.</p>
				4674
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4675	<p>See <a href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a> for more details.
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4676	Also see <a href="#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect' normalization
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4677	that is better suited to mathematically generated images. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4678
				4679	<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4680
				4681
				4682	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4683	<h4><a id="ordered-dither"></a>-ordered-dither <em class="arg">threshold_map</em>{,<em class="arg">level</em>...}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4684	</div>
				4685
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4686	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>dither the image using a pre-defined ordered dither <em
				4687	class="arg">threshold map</em> specified, and a uniform color map with the
				4688	given number of <em class="arg">levels</em> per color channel . </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4689
				4690	<p>You can choose from these standard threshold maps:</p>
				4691
				4692	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4693	threshold 1x1 Threshold 1x1 (non-dither)
				4694	checks 2x1 Checkerboard 2x1 (dither)
				4695	o2x2 2x2 Ordered 2x2 (dispersed)
				4696	o3x3 3x3 Ordered 3x3 (dispersed)
				4697	o4x4 4x4 Ordered 4x4 (dispersed)
				4698	o8x8 8x8 Ordered 8x8 (dispersed)
				4699	h4x4a 4x1 Halftone 4x4 (angled)
				4700	h6x6a 6x1 Halftone 6x6 (angled)
				4701	h8x8a 8x1 Halftone 8x8 (angled)
				4702	h4x4o Halftone 4x4 (orthogonal)
				4703	h6x6o Halftone 6x6 (orthogonal)
				4704	h8x8o Halftone 8x8 (orthogonal)
				4705	h16x16o Halftone 16x16 (orthogonal)
				4706	c5x5b c5x5 Circles 5x5 (black)
				4707	c5x5w Circles 5x5 (white)
				4708	c6x6b c6x6 Circles 6x6 (black)
				4709	c6x6w Circles 6x6 (white)
				4710	c7x7b c7x7 Circles 7x7 (black)
				4711	c7x7w Circles 7x7 (white)
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4712	</pre>
				4713
cristy	945bb35	2011-04-01 15:39:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4714	<p> The <kbd>threshold</kbd> generated a simple 50% threshold of the image.
cristy	baacd17	2011-04-30 23:11:03 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4715	This could be used with <em class="arg" >level</em> to do the equivalent of <a
cristy	945bb35	2011-04-01 15:39:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4716	href="#posterize" >-posterize</a> to reduce an image to basic primary colors.
				4717	</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4718
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4719	<p>The <kbd>checks</kbd> pattern produces a 3 level checkerboard dither
cristy	945bb35	2011-04-01 15:39:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4720	pattern. That is a grayscale will become a pattern of solid black, solid
				4721	white, and mid-tone colors into a checkerboard pattern of black and white.
				4722	</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4723
cristy	945bb35	2011-04-01 15:39:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4724	<p>You can define your own <em class="arg" >threshold map</em> for ordered
				4725	dithering and halftoning your images, in either personal or system
				4726	<kbd>thresholds.xml</kbd> XML file. See <a href="resources.html" >Resources</A>
				4727	for more details of configuration files. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4728
cristy	945bb35	2011-04-01 15:39:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4729	<p>To print a complete list of the thresholds that have been defined, use the
				4730	<a href="#list" >-list threshold</a> option.</p>
				4731
				4732	<p>Note that at this time the same threshold dithering map is used for all
				4733	color channels, no attempt is made to offset or rotate the map for different
				4734	channels is made, to create an offset printing effect. Also as the maps are
				4735	simple threshold levels, the halftone and circle maps will create incomplete
				4736	circles along the edges of a colored area. Also all the effects are purely
				4737	on/off boolean effects, without anti-aliasing to make the circles smooth
				4738	looking. Large dots can be made to look better with a small amount of blurring
				4739	after being created. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4740
				4741
				4742	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4743	<h4><a id="opaque"></a>-opaque <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4744	</div>
				4745
				4746	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>change this color to the fill color within the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4747
cristy	c54f5d4	2009-11-27 21:36:31 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4748	<p>The <em class="arg">color</em> argument is defined using the format
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4749	described under the <a href="#fill" >-fill</a> option. The <a href="#fuzz"
				4750	>-fuzz</a> setting can be used to match and replace colors similar to the one
				4751	given.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4752
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4753	<p>Use <a href="#opaque">+opaque</a> to paint any pixel that does not match
				4754	the target color. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4755
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4756	<p>The <a href="#transparent">-transparent</a> operator is exactly the same
				4757	as <a href="#opaque" >-opaque</a> but replaces the matching color with
				4758	transparency rather than the current <a href="#fill">-fill</a> color setting.
				4759	To ensure that it can do this it also ensures that the image has an alpha
				4760	channel enabled, as per "<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> set</kbd>", for
				4761	the new transparent colors, and does not require you to modify the <a
				4762	href="#channel">-channel</a> to enable alpha channel handling. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4763
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4764
				4765	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4766	<h4><a id="orient"></a>-orient <em class="arg">image orientation</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4767	</div>
				4768
				4769	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify orientation of a digital camera image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4770
				4771	<p>Choose from these orientations:</p>
				4772
				4773	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4774	bottom-left
				4775	bottom-right
				4776	left-bottom
				4777	left-top
				4778	right-bottom
				4779	right-top
				4780	top-left
				4781	top-right
				4782	undefined
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4783	</pre>
				4784
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4785	<p>To print a complete list of orientations, use the <a href="#list" >-list
				4786	orientation</a> option.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4787
				4788
				4789	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4790	<h4><a id="page"></a>-page <em class="arg">geometry</em><br/>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4791	-page <em class="arg">media</em>[<em class="arg">offset</em>][{<em class="arg">^!<></em>}]<br/>
				4792	+page
				4793	</h4>
				4794	</div>
				4795
				4796	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the size and location of an image on the larger virtual canvas.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4797
				4798	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				4799
				4800	<p>For convenience you can specify the page size using <em class="arg">media</em> (see below). Offsets can then be added as with other <em class="arg">geometry</em> arguments (e.g. <a href="#page">-page</a> <kbd>Letter+43+43</kbd>).</p>
				4801
				4802	<p>Use <em class="arg">media</em> as shorthand to specify the dimensions (<em class="arg">width</em>x<em class="arg">height</em>) of the <em class="arg">PostScript</em> page in dots per inch or a TEXT page in pixels. The choices for a PostScript page are:</p>
				4803	<table id="geometryTable" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1" width="50%" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
				4804	<thead>
				4805	<tr valign="top">
				4806	<th align="center"><em class="arg">media</em></th>
				4807	<th align="center"><em class="arg">width</em></th>
				4808	<th align="center"><em class="arg">height</em></th>
				4809	</tr>
				4810	</thead>
				4811	<tbody>
				4812	<tr><td align="left"> 11x17 </td> <td align="right"> 792</td> <td align="right"> 1224</td> </tr>
				4813	<tr><td align="left"> Ledger </td> <td align="right"> 1224</td> <td align="right"> 792</td> </tr>
				4814	<tr><td align="left"> Legal </td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 1008</td> </tr>
				4815	<tr><td align="left"> Letter </td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 792</td> </tr>
				4816	<tr><td align="left"> LetterSmall</td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 792</td> </tr>
				4817	<tr><td align="left"> ArchE </td> <td align="right"> 2592</td> <td align="right"> 3456</td> </tr>
				4818	<tr><td align="left"> ArchD </td> <td align="right"> 1728</td> <td align="right"> 2592</td> </tr>
				4819	<tr><td align="left"> ArchC </td> <td align="right"> 1296</td> <td align="right"> 1728</td> </tr>
				4820	<tr><td align="left"> ArchB </td> <td align="right"> 864</td> <td align="right"> 1296</td> </tr>
				4821	<tr><td align="left"> ArchA </td> <td align="right"> 648</td> <td align="right"> 864</td> </tr>
				4822	<tr><td align="left"> A0 </td> <td align="right"> 2380</td> <td align="right"> 3368</td> </tr>
				4823	<tr><td align="left"> A1 </td> <td align="right"> 1684</td> <td align="right"> 2380</td> </tr>
				4824	<tr><td align="left"> A2 </td> <td align="right"> 1190</td> <td align="right"> 1684</td> </tr>
				4825	<tr><td align="left"> A3 </td> <td align="right"> 842</td> <td align="right"> 1190</td> </tr>
				4826	<tr><td align="left"> A4 </td> <td align="right"> 595</td> <td align="right"> 842</td> </tr>
				4827	<tr><td align="left"> A4Small </td> <td align="right"> 595</td> <td align="right"> 842</td> </tr>
				4828	<tr><td align="left"> A5 </td> <td align="right"> 421</td> <td align="right"> 595</td> </tr>
				4829	<tr><td align="left"> A6 </td> <td align="right"> 297</td> <td align="right"> 421</td> </tr>
				4830	<tr><td align="left"> A7 </td> <td align="right"> 210</td> <td align="right"> 297</td> </tr>
				4831	<tr><td align="left"> A8 </td> <td align="right"> 148</td> <td align="right"> 210</td> </tr>
				4832	<tr><td align="left"> A9 </td> <td align="right"> 105</td> <td align="right"> 148</td> </tr>
				4833	<tr><td align="left"> A10 </td> <td align="right"> 74</td> <td align="right"> 105</td> </tr>
				4834	<tr><td align="left"> B0 </td> <td align="right"> 2836</td> <td align="right"> 4008</td> </tr>
				4835	<tr><td align="left"> B1 </td> <td align="right"> 2004</td> <td align="right"> 2836</td> </tr>
				4836	<tr><td align="left"> B2 </td> <td align="right"> 1418</td> <td align="right"> 2004</td> </tr>
				4837	<tr><td align="left"> B3 </td> <td align="right"> 1002</td> <td align="right"> 1418</td> </tr>
				4838	<tr><td align="left"> B4 </td> <td align="right"> 709</td> <td align="right"> 1002</td> </tr>
				4839	<tr><td align="left"> B5 </td> <td align="right"> 501</td> <td align="right"> 709</td> </tr>
				4840	<tr><td align="left"> C0 </td> <td align="right"> 2600</td> <td align="right"> 3677</td> </tr>
				4841	<tr><td align="left"> C1 </td> <td align="right"> 1837</td> <td align="right"> 2600</td> </tr>
				4842	<tr><td align="left"> C2 </td> <td align="right"> 1298</td> <td align="right"> 1837</td> </tr>
				4843	<tr><td align="left"> C3 </td> <td align="right"> 918</td> <td align="right"> 1298</td> </tr>
				4844	<tr><td align="left"> C4 </td> <td align="right"> 649</td> <td align="right"> 918</td> </tr>
				4845	<tr><td align="left"> C5 </td> <td align="right"> 459</td> <td align="right"> 649</td> </tr>
				4846	<tr><td align="left"> C6 </td> <td align="right"> 323</td> <td align="right"> 459</td> </tr>
				4847	<tr><td align="left"> Flsa </td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 936</td> </tr>
				4848	<tr><td align="left"> Flse </td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 936</td> </tr>
				4849	<tr><td align="left"> HalfLetter </td> <td align="right"> 396</td> <td align="right"> 612</td> </tr>
				4850	</tbody>
				4851	</table>
				4852
				4853
				4854
				4855
				4856	<p>This option is also used to place subimages when writing to a multi-image format that supports offsets, such as GIF89 and MNG. When used for this purpose the offsets are always measured from the top left corner of the canvas and are not affected by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option. To position a GIF or MNG image, use <a href="#page">-page</a><em class="arg">{+-}x{+-}y</em> (e.g. -page +100+200). When writing to a MNG file, a <a href="#page">-page</a> option appearing ahead of the first image in the sequence with nonzero width and height defines the width and height values that are written in the <kbd>MHDR</kbd> chunk. Otherwise, the MNG width and height are computed from the bounding box that contains all images in the sequence. When writing a GIF89 file, only the bounding box method is used to determine its dimensions.</p>
				4857
				4858	<p>For a PostScript page, the image is sized as in <a href="#geometry">-geometry</a> but positioned relative to the <em>lower left-hand corner</em> of the page by {+-}<kbd>x</kbd><em class="arg">offset</em>{+-}<kbd>y</kbd> <em class="arg">offset</em>. Use <a href="#page">-page 612x792</a>, for example, to center the image within the page. If the image size exceeds the PostScript page, it is reduced to fit the page. The default gravity for the <a href="#page">-page</a> option is <em class="arg">NorthWest</em>, i.e., positive <kbd>x</kbd> and <kbd>y</kbd> <em class="arg">offset</em> are measured rightward and downward from the top left corner of the page, unless the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with a value other than <em class="arg">NorthWest</em>.</p>
				4859
				4860	<p>The default page dimensions for a TEXT image is 612x792.</p>
				4861
				4862	<p>This option is used in concert with <a href="#density">-density</a>.</p>
				4863
				4864	<p>Use <a href="#page">+page</a> to remove the page settings for an image.</p>
				4865
				4866	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4867	<h4><a id="paint"></a>-paint <em class="arg">radius</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4868	</div>
				4869
				4870	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate an oil painting.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4871
				4872	<p>Each pixel is replaced by the most frequent color in a circular neighborhood whose width is specified with <em class="arg">radius</em>.</p>
				4873
				4874	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4875	<h4><a id="path"></a>-path <em class="arg">path</em></h4></div>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4876
				4877	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>write images to this path on disk.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4878
				4879	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4880	<h4><a id="pause_animate_"></a>-pause <em class="arg">seconds</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4881	</div>
				4882
				4883	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Pause between animation loops.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4884
				4885	<p>Pause for the specified number of seconds before repeating the animation.</p>
				4886
				4887	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4888	<h4><a id="pause_import_"></a>-pause <em class="arg">seconds</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4889	</div>
				4890
				4891	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Pause between snapshots.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/import.html">import</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4892
				4893	<p>Pause for the specified number of seconds before taking the next snapshot.</p>
				4894
				4895	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4896	<h4><a id="ping"></a>-ping</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4897	</div>
				4898
				4899	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>efficiently determine image characteristics.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4900
				4901	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4902	<h4><a id="pointsize"></a>-pointsize <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4903	</div>
				4904
				4905	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>pointsize of the PostScript, OPTION1, or TrueType font.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4906
				4907	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4908	<h4><a id="polaroid"></a>-polaroid <em class="arg">angle</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4909	</div>
				4910
				4911	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate a Polaroid picture.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4912
				4913	<p>Use <kbd>+polaroid</kbd> to rotate the image at a random angle between -15 and +15 degrees.</p>
				4914
				4915	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4916	<h4><a id="posterize"></a>-posterize <em class="arg">levels</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4917	</div>
				4918
				4919	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>reduce the image to a limited number of color levels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4920
				4921	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4922	<h4><a id="precision"></a>-precision <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	d43a46b	2010-01-21 02:13:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4923	</div>
				4924
				4925	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the maximum number of significant digits to be printed.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4926
				4927	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4928	<h4><a id="preview"></a>-preview <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4929	</div>
				4930
				4931	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>image preview type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4932
				4933	<p>Use this option to affect the preview operation of an image (e.g. <kbd>convert file.png -preview Gamma Preview:gamma.png</kbd>). Choose from these previews:</p>
				4934
				4935	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4936	Rotate Shear Roll Hue
				4937	Saturation Brightness Gamma Spiff
				4938	Dull Grayscale Quantize Despeckle
				4939	ReduceNoise Add Noise Sharpen Blur
				4940	Threshold EdgeDetect Spread Shade
				4941	Raise Segment Solarize Swirl
				4942	Implode Wave OilPaint CharcoalDrawing
				4943	JPEG
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4944	</pre>
				4945
				4946	<p>To print a complete list of previews, use the <a href="#list">-list preview</a> option.</p>
				4947
				4948	<p>The default preview is <kbd>JPEG</kbd>.</p>
				4949
				4950	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4951	<h4><a id="print"></a>-print <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4952	</div>
				4953
				4954	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>interpret string and print to console.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4955
				4956	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4957	<h4><a id="process"></a>-process <em class="arg">command</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4958	</div>
				4959
				4960	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>process the image with a custom image filter.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4961
				4962	<p>The command arguments has the form <kbd>"module arg1 arg2 arg3 ... argN"</kbd> where <kbd>module</kbd> is the name of the module to invoke (e.g. "Analyze") and arg1 arg2 arg3 ... argN are an arbitrary number of arguments to pass to the process module.</p>
				4963
				4964	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4965	<h4><a id="profile"></a>-profile <em class="arg">filename</em><br/>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4966	+profile <em class="arg">profile_name</em></h4>
				4967	</div>
				4968
				4969	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Manage ICM, IPTC, or generic profiles in an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4970
				4971	<p>Using <a href="#profile">-profile</a> <em class="arg">filename</em> adds an ICM (ICC color management), IPTC (newswire information), or a generic profile to the image.</p>
				4972
				4973	<p>Use <a href="#profile">+profile <em class="arg">profile_name</em></a> to remove the indicated profile. ImageMagick uses standard filename globbing, so wildcard expressions may be used to remove more than one profile. Here we remove all profiles from the image except for the XMP profile: <kbd>+profile "!xmp,*"</kbd>. </p>
				4974
				4975	<p>Use <kbd>identify -verbose</kbd> to find out which profiles are in the image file. Use <a href="#strip">-strip</a> to remove all profiles (and comments).</p>
				4976
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4977	<p>To extract a profile, the <a href="#profile">-profile</a> option is not used. Instead, simply write the file to an image format such as <em class="arg">APP1, 8BIM, ICM,</em> or <em class="arg">IPTC</em>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4978
				4979	<p>For example, to extract the Exif data (which is stored in JPEG files in the <em class="arg">APP1</em> profile), use.</p>
				4980
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4981	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert cockatoo.jpg profile.exif</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4982	<p>It is important to note that results may depend on whether or not the original image already has an included profile. Also, keep in mind that <a href="#profile">-profile</a> is an "operator" (as opposed to a "setting") and therefore a conversion is made each time it is encountered, in order, in the command-line. For instance, in the following example, if the original image is CMYK with profile, a CMYK-CMYK-RGB conversion results.</p>
				4983
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4984	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert CMYK.tif -profile "CMYK.icc" -profile "RGB.icc" RGB.tiff</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4985	<p>Furthermore, since ICC profiles are not necessarily symmetric, extra conversion steps can yield unwanted results.
				4986	CMYK profiles are often very asymmetric since they involve 3−>4 and 4−>3 channel mapping.
				4987	</p>
				4988
				4989	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4990	<h4><a id="quality"></a>-quality <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4991	</div>
				4992
				4993	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4994
cristy	87a7f07	2011-07-01 00:08:52 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4995	<p>For the JPEG and MPEG image formats, quality is 1 (lowest image quality and
				4996	highest compression) to 100 (best quality but least effective compression).
				4997	The default is to use the estimated quality of your input image if it can
				4998	be determined, otherwise 92. When the quality is greater than 90, then the
				4999	chroma channels are not downsampled.
				5000	Use the <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor</a> option to specify the
				5001	factors for chroma downsampling.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5002
				5003	<p>For the MIFF image format, quality/10 is the zlib compression level, which is 0 (worst but fastest compression) to 9 (best but slowest). It has no effect on the image appearance, since the compression is always lossless.</p>
				5004
cristy	851dbce	2010-08-06 21:40:00 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5005	<p>For the JPEG-2000 image format, quality is mapped using a non-linear equation to the compression ratio required by the Jasper library. This non-linear equation is intended to loosely approximate the quality provided by the JPEG v1 format. The default quality value 100, a request for non-lossy compression. A quality of 75 results in a request for 16:1 compression.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5006
cristy	87a7f07	2011-07-01 00:08:52 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5007	<p>For the MNG and PNG image formats, the quality value sets the zlib
				5008	compression level (quality / 10) and filter-type (quality % 10). The default
				5009	PNG "quality" is 75, which means compression level 7 with adaptive PNG
				5010	filtering, unless the image has a color map, in which case it means
				5011	compression level 7 with no PNG filtering.</p>
				5012
				5013	<p>For compression level 0, the Huffman-only strategy is used, which is fastest but not necessarily the worst compression.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5014
cristy	a4dfb12	2011-07-07 19:01:57 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5015	<p>If filter-type is 4 or less, the specified PNG filter-type is used for
				5016	all scanlines:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5017
				5018	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5019	0: none
				5020	1: sub
				5021	2: up
				5022	3: average
				5023	4: Paeth
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5024	</pre>
				5025
cristy	87a7f07	2011-07-01 00:08:52 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5026	<p>If filter-type is 5, adaptive filtering is used when quality is greater
				5027	than 50 and the image does not have a color map, otherwise no filtering is
				5028	used.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5029
cristy	87a7f07	2011-07-01 00:08:52 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5030	<p>If filter-type is 6, adaptive filtering
				5031	with <em class="arg">minimum-sum-of-absolute-values</em> is used.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5032
cristy	87a7f07	2011-07-01 00:08:52 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5033	<p>Only if the output is MNG, if filter-type is 7, the LOCO color
				5034	transformation (intrapixel differencing) and adaptive filtering
				5035	with <em class="arg">minimum-sum-of-absolute-values</em> are used.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5036
cristy	87a7f07	2011-07-01 00:08:52 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5037	<p>If the filter-type is 8 the zlib Z_RLE compression strategy is used with
				5038	no PNG filtering.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5039
cristy	87a7f07	2011-07-01 00:08:52 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5040	<p>If the filter-type is 9 the zlib Z_RLE compression strategy is used with
				5041	adaptive PNG filtering.</p>
				5042
cristy	a4dfb12	2011-07-07 19:01:57 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5043	<p>The quality setting has no effect on the appearance or signature of PNG
				5044	and MNG images, since the compression is always lossless.</p>
				5045
				5046	<p>Not all combinations of compression level, strategy, and PNG filter type
				5047	can be obtained using the -quality option. For more precise control,
				5048	you can use the PNG:compression-level=N, PNG:compression-strategy=N, and
				5049	PNG:compression-filter=N defines, respectively, instead.
				5050	See <a href="#define">-define</a>. Values from the defines take precedence
				5051	over values from the -quality option.</p>
cristy	87a7f07	2011-07-01 00:08:52 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5052
				5053	<p>For further information, see
				5054	the <a href="http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/TR">PNG</a> specification.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5055
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5056	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5057	<h4><a id="quantize"></a>-quantize <em class="arg">colorspace</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5058	</div>
				5059
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5060	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>reduce colors using this colorspace.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5061
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5062	<p>This setting defines the colorspace used to sort out and reduce the number
				5063	of colors needed by an image (for later dithering) by operators such as <a
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	5064	href="#colors" >-colors</a>, Note that color reduction also happens
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5065	automatically when saving images to color-limited image file formats, such as
				5066	GIF, and PNG8.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5067
				5068
				5069	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5070	<h4><a id="quiet"></a>-quiet</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5071	</div>
				5072
				5073	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>suppress all warning messages. Error messages are still reported.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5074
				5075	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	5076	<h4><a id="radial-blur"></a>-radial-blur <em class="arg">angle</em>+<em class="arg">bias</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5077	</div>
				5078
				5079	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Blur around the center of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5080
				5081	<p>Note that this is actually a rotational blur rather than a radial and as
				5082	such actually mis-named. </p>
				5083
				5084	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				5085	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				5086	</p>
				5087
				5088
				5089	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5090	<h4><a id="raise"></a>-raise <em class="arg">thickness</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5091	</div>
				5092
				5093	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Lighten or darken image edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5094
				5095	<p>This will create a 3-D effect. Use <a href="#raise">-raise</a> to create a raised effect, otherwise use <a href="#raise">+raise</a>.
				5096	</p>
				5097
				5098	<p>Unlike the similar <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option, <a href="#raise">-raise</a> does not alter the dimensions of the image.</p>
				5099
				5100	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5101	<h4><a id="random-threshold"></a>-random-threshold <em class="arg">low</em>x<em class="arg">high</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5102	</div>
				5103
				5104	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a random threshold to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5105
				5106	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5107	<h4><a id="red-primary"></a>-red-primary <em class="arg">x,y</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5108	</div>
				5109
				5110	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the red chromaticity primary point.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5111
				5112	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5113	<h4><a id="regard-warnings"></a>-regard-warnings</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5114	</div>
				5115
				5116	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Pay attention to warning messages.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5117
				5118	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5119	<h4><a id="remap"></a>-remap <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5120	</div>
				5121
				5122	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Reduce the number of colors in an image to the colors used by this image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5123
				5124	<p>If the <a href="#dither">-dither</a> setting is enabled (the default) then
				5125	the given colors are dithered over the image as necessary, otherwise the closest
				5126	color (in RGB colorspace) is selected to replace that pixel in the image. </p>
				5127
				5128	<p>As a side effect of applying a <a href="#remap">-remap</a> of colors across all
				5129	images in the current image sequence, all the images will have the same color
				5130	table. That means that when saved to a file format such as GIF, it will use
				5131	that color table as a single common or global color table, for all the images,
				5132	without requiring extra local color tables. </p>
				5133
				5134	<p>Use <a href="#remap">+remap</a> to reduce all images in the current image
				5135	sequence to use a common color map over all the images. This equivalent to
				5136	appending all the images together (without extra background colors) and color
				5137	reducing those images using <a href="#colors">-colors</a> with a 256 color
				5138	limit, then <a href="#remap">-remap</a> those colors over the original list of
				5139	images. This ensures all the images follow a single color map. </p>
				5140
				5141	<p>If the number of colors over all the images is less than 256, then <a
				5142	href="#remap">+remap</a> should not perform any color reduction or dithering, as
				5143	no color changes are needed. In that case, its only effect is to force the use
				5144	of a global color table. This recommended after using either <a
				5145	href="#colors">-colors</a> or <a href="#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a> to
				5146	reduce the number of colors in an animated image sequence. </p>
				5147
				5148	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5149	<h4><a id="region"></a>-region <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5150	</div>
				5151
				5152	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a region in which subsequent operations apply.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5153
				5154	<p>The <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> offsets are treated in the same manner as in <a href="#crop">-crop</a>.</p>
				5155
				5156	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				5157
				5158	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5159	<h4><a id="remote"></a>-remote</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5160	</div>
				5161
				5162	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>perform a remote operation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5163
				5164	<p>The only command recognized is the name of an image file to load.</p>
				5165
				5166	<p>If you have more than one <a href="../www/display.html">display</a> application running simultaneously, use the <a href="#window"> window</a> option to specify which application to control.</p>
				5167
				5168	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5169	<h4><a id="render"></a>-render</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5170	</div>
				5171
				5172	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>render vector operations.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5173
				5174	<p>Use <a href="#render">+render</a> to turn off rendering vector operations. This useful when saving the result to vector formats such as MVG or SVG.</p>
				5175
				5176	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5177	<h4><a id="repage"></a>-repage <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5178	</div>
				5179
				5180	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adjust the canvas and offset information of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5181
				5182	<p>This option is like <a href="#page">-page</a> but acts as an image operator
				5183	rather than a setting. You can separately set the canvas size or the offset
				5184	of the image on that canvas by only providing those components. </p>
				5185
				5186	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				5187
				5188	<p>If a <kbd>!</kbd> flag is given the offset given is added to the existing
				5189	offset to move the image relative to its previous position. This useful for
				5190	animation sequences. </p>
				5191
				5192	<p>A given a canvas size of zero such as '<kbd>0x0</kbd>' forces it to
				5193	recalculate the canvas size so the image (at its current offset) will appear
				5194	completely on that canvas (unless it has a negative offset).</p>
				5195
				5196	<p>Use <a href="#repage">+repage</a> to completely remove/reset the virtual
				5197	canvas meta-data from the images. </p>
				5198
				5199	<p>The <a href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd>page</kbd>' option can be used to
				5200	directly assign virtual canvas meta-data. </p>
				5201
				5202
				5203	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5204	<h4><a id="resample"></a>-resample <em class="arg">horizontal</em>x<em class="arg">vertical</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5205	</div>
				5206
				5207	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Resample image to specified horizontal and vertical resolution.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5208
				5209	<p>Resize the image so that its rendered size remains the same as the original at the specified target resolution. For example, if a 300 DPI image renders at 3 inches by 2 inches on a 300 DPI device, when the image has been resampled to 72 DPI, it will render at 3 inches by 2 inches on a 72 DPI device. Note that only a small number of image formats (e.g. JPEG, PNG, and TIFF) are capable of storing the image resolution. For formats which do not support an image resolution, the original resolution of the image must be specified via <a href="#density">-density</a> on the command line prior to specifying the resample resolution.</p>
				5210
				5211	<p>Note that Photoshop stores and obtains image resolution from a proprietary embedded profile. If this profile exists in the image, then Photoshop will continue to treat the image using its former resolution, ignoring the image resolution specified in the standard file header.</p>
				5212
				5213	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5214	<h4><a id="resize"></a>-resize <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5215	</div>
				5216
				5217	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Resize an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5218
				5219	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are ignored, and the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
				5220
				5221	<p>If the <a href="#filter">-filter</a> option precedes the <a href="#resize">-resize</a> option, the image is resized with the specified filter.</p>
				5222
cristy	1353896	2010-02-26 17:53:04 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5223	<p>Many image processing algorithms assume your image is in a linear-light coding. If your image is gamma-corrected, you can remove the nonlinear gamma correction, apply the transform, then restore it like this:</p>
				5224
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	5225	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert portrait.jpg -gamma .45455 -resize 25% -gamma 2.2 \ <br/> -quality 92 passport.jpg</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5226	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5227	<h4><a id="respect-parentheses"></a>-respect-parentheses</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5228	</div>
				5229
				5230	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>settings remain in effect until parenthesis boundary.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5231
				5232	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5233	<h4><a id="reverse"></a>-reverse</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5234	</div>
				5235
				5236	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Reverse the order of images in the current image list.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5237
				5238
				5239	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5240	<h4><a id="roll"></a>-roll {<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5241	</div>
				5242
				5243	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>roll an image vertically or horizontally by the amount given.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5244
				5245	<p>A negative <em class="arg">x</em> offset rolls the image left-to-right. A negative <em class="arg">y</em> offset rolls the image top-to-bottom.</p>
				5246
				5247
				5248	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5249	<h4><a id="rotate"></a>-rotate <em class="arg">degrees</em>{<em class="arg"><</em>}{<em class="arg">></em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5250	</div>
				5251
				5252	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply Paeth image rotation (using shear operations) to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5253
				5254	<p>Use <kbd>></kbd> to rotate the image only if its width exceeds the height. <kbd><</kbd> rotates the image <em>only</em> if its width is less than the height. For example, if you specify <kbd>-rotate "-90>"</kbd> and the image size is 480x640, the image is not rotated. However, if the image is 640x480, it is rotated by -90 degrees. If you use <kbd>></kbd> or <kbd><</kbd>, enclose it in quotation marks to prevent it from being misinterpreted as a file redirection.</p>
				5255
				5256	<p>Empty triangles in the corners, left over from rotating the image, are
				5257	filled with the <kbd>background</kbd> color. </p>
				5258
				5259	<p>See also the <a href="#distort">-distort</a> operator and specifically the
				5260	'<kbd>ScaleRotateTranslate</kbd>' distort method. </p>
				5261
				5262
				5263	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5264	<h4><a id="sample"></a>-sample <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5265	</div>
				5266
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5267	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>minify/magnify the image using pixel subsampling and pixel replication, respectively.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5268
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5269	<p>Change the image size simply by directly sampling the pixels original
				5270	image. When magnifying, pixels are replicated in blocks. When minifying,
				5271	pixels are sub-sampled (i.e., some rows and columns are skipped over). </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5272
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5273	<p>The results are thus equivalent to using <a href="#resize">-resize</a> with
				5274	a <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting of <kbd>point</kbd> (nearest
				5275	neighbour), though <a href="#sample">-sample</a> is a lot faster, as it
				5276	avoids all the filter processing of the image. As such it completely ignores
				5277	the current <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting. </p>
				5278
				5279	<p>The key feature of the <a href="#sample">-sample</a> is that no new colors
				5280	will be added to the resulting image, though some colors may disappear. </p>
				5281
				5282	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are
				5283	ignored, unlike <a href="#resize">-resize</a>. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5284
				5285
				5286	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5287	<h4><a id="sampling-factor"></a>-sampling-factor <em class="arg">horizontal-factor</em>x<em class="arg">vertical-factor</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5288	</div>
				5289
				5290	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>sampling factors used by JPEG or MPEG-2 encoder and YUV decoder/encoder.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5291
				5292	<p>This option specifies the sampling factors to be used by the JPEG encoder for chroma downsampling. If this option is omitted, the JPEG library will use its own default values. When reading or writing the YUV format and when writing the M2V (MPEG-2) format, use <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor 2x1</a> or <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor 4:2:2</a> to specify the 4:2:2 downsampling method.</p>
				5293
				5294	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5295	<h4><a id="scale"></a>-scale <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5296	</div>
				5297
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5298	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>minify/magnify the image using pixel block averaging and pixel replication, respectively.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5299
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5300	<p>Change the image size simply by replacing pixels by averaging pixels
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	5301	together when minifying, or replacing pixels when magnifying. </p>
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5302
				5303	<p>The results are thus equivalent to using <a href="#resize">-resize</a> with
				5304	a <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting of <kbd>box</kbd>. Though it is a lot
				5305	faster, as it avoids all the filter processing of the image. As such it
				5306	completely ignores the current <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting. </p>
				5307
				5308	<p>If when shrinking (minifying) images the original image is some integer
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	5309	multiple of the new image size, the number of pixels averaged together to
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5310	produce the new pixel color is the same across the whole image. This is
				5311	a special case known as 'binning' and is often used as a method of reducing
				5312	noise in image such as those generated by digital cameras, especially in low
				5313	light conditions. </p>
				5314
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5315
				5316	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5317	<h4><a id="scene"></a>-scene <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5318	</div>
				5319
				5320	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set scene number.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5321
				5322	<p>This option sets the scene number of an image or the first image in an image sequence.</p>
				5323
				5324	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5325	<h4><a id="screen"></a>-screen</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5326	</div>
				5327
				5328	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the screen to capture.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5329
				5330	<p>This option indicates that the GetImage request used to obtain the image should be done on the root window, rather than directly on the specified window. In this way, you can obtain pieces of other windows that overlap the specified window, and more importantly, you can capture menus or other popups that are independent windows but appear over the specified window.</p>
				5331
				5332	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5333	<h4><a id="seed"></a>-seed</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5334	</div>
				5335
				5336	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>seed a new sequence of pseudo-random numbers</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5337
				5338	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5339	<h4><a id="segment"></a>-segment <em class="arg">cluster-threshold</em>x<em class="arg">smoothing-threshold</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5340	</div>
				5341
				5342	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>segment the colors of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5343
				5344	<p>Segment an image by analyzing the histograms of the color components and identifying units that are homogeneous with the fuzzy c-means technique. This is part of the ImageMagick color quantization routines. </p>
				5345
				5346	<p>Specify <em class="arg">cluster threshold</em> as the number of pixels in each cluster that must exceed the cluster threshold to be considered valid. <em class="arg">Smoothing threshold</em> eliminates noise in the second derivative of the histogram. As the value is increased, you can expect a smoother second derivative. The default is 1.5.</p>
				5347
				5348	<p>If the <a href="#verbose">-verbose</a> setting is defined, a detailed report
				5349	of the color clusters is returned.</p>
				5350
				5351
				5352	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	5353	<h4><a id="selective-blur"></a>-selective-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-selective-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>{+<em class="arg">+threshold</em>+<em class="arg">bias</em>}</h4>
cristy	2e2662a	2010-10-09 14:29:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5354	</div>
				5355
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5356	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Selectively blur pixels within a contrast threshold.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5357
cristy	2e2662a	2010-10-09 14:29:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5358	<p>Blurs those pixels that are less than or equal to the threshold in contrast. The threshold may be expressed as a fraction of <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> or as a percentage.</p>
				5359
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5360	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5361	<h4><a id="separate"></a>-separate</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5362	</div>
				5363
				5364	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>separate an image channel into a grayscale image. Specify the channel with <a href="#channel">-channel</a>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5365
				5366	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5367	<h4><a id="sepia-tone"></a>-sepia-tone <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5368	</div>
				5369
				5370	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate a sepia-toned photo.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5371
				5372	<p>Specify <em class="arg">threshold</em> as the percent threshold of the intensity (0 - 99.9%).</p>
				5373
				5374	<p>This option applies a special effect to the image, similar to the effect achieved in a photo darkroom by sepia toning. Threshold ranges from 0 to <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> and is a measure of the extent of the sepia toning. A threshold of 80% is a good starting point for a reasonable tone.</p>
				5375
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5376
				5377
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5378	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5379	<h4><a id="set"></a>-set <em class="arg">key value</em></h4>
				5380	<h4>+set <em class="arg">key</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5381	</div>
				5382
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5383	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>sets image attributes and properties for images in the current
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5384	image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5385
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5386	<p>This will assign (or modify) specific settings attached to all the images
				5387	in the current image sequence. Using the <a href="#set">+set</a> form of the
				5388	option will either remove, or reset that setting to a default state, as
				5389	appropriate. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5390
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5391	<p>For example, it will modify specific well known image meta-data
				5392	'attributes' such as those normally overridden by: the options <a
				5393	href="#delay" >-delay</a>, <a href="#dispose" >-dispose</a>, and <a
				5394	href="#page" >-page</a>, <a href="#colorspace" >-colorspace</a>; generally
				5395	assigned before the image is read in, by using a <em class="arg">key</em> of
				5396	the same name. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5397
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5398	<p>If the given <em class="arg">key</em> does not match a specific known
				5399	'attribute ', such as shown above, the setting is stored as a a free form
cristy	323f35b	2011-03-24 23:05:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5400	'property' string. Such settings are listed in <a href="#verbose"
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5401	>-verbose</a> information ("<kbd>info:</kbd>" output format) as "Properties".
				5402	</p>
				5403
cristy	8413418	2011-06-15 22:59:00 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5404	<p>This includes string 'properties' that are set by and assigned to images
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5405	using the options <a href="#comment" >-comment</a>, <a href="#label"
				5406	>-label</a>, <a href="#caption" >-caption</a>. These options actually assign
				5407	a global 'artifact' which are automatically assigned (and any <a href="../www/escape.html" >Format Percent
				5408	Escapes</a> expanded) to images as they are read in. For example:</p>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5409
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	5410	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set comment 'Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose' rose.png</span><span class='crtout'>identify -format %c rose.png</span><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose</span></p>
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5411	<p>The set value can also make use of <a href="../www/escape.html" >Format and Print Image
				5412	Properties</a> in the defined value. For example:</p>
				5413
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	5414	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set origsize '%wx%h' -resize 50% \</span><span class='crtout'> -format 'Old size = %[origsize] New size = %wx%h' info:</span><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>Old size = 70x46 New size = 35x23</span></p>
cristy	8413418	2011-06-15 22:59:00 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5415	<p>Other well known 'properties' that are availible include:
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5416	'<kbd>date:create</kbd>' and '<kbd>date:modify</kbd>' and
				5417	'<kbd>signature</kbd>'. </p>
				5418
				5419	<p>The <a href="#repage">-repage</a> operator will also allow you to modify
				5420	the '<kbd>page</kbd>' attribute of an image for images already in memory (also
				5421	see <a href="#repage">-page</a>). However it is designed to provide a finer
				5422	control of the sub-parts of this 'attribute'. The <a href="#set">-set page</a>
				5423	option will only provide a direct, unmodified assignment of '<kbd>page</kbd>'
				5424	attribute. </p>
				5425
				5426	<p>This option can also associate a colorspace or profile with your image.
				5427	For example,</p>
				5428
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	5429	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.psd -set profile ISOcoated_v2_eci.icc image-icc.psd</span></p>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5430	<p>Some 'properties' must be defined in a specific way to be used. For
				5431	example only 'properties' prefixed with "<kbd>filename:</kbd>" can be used to
				5432	modify the output filename of an image. For example</p>
				5433
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	5434	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set filename:mysize '%wx%h' 'rose_%[filename:mysize].png'</span></p>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5435	<p>If the setting value is prefixed with "<kbd>option:</kbd>" the setting will
				5436	be saved as a global "Artifact" exactly as if it was set using the <a
cristy	f9a6c46	2011-04-24 14:01:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5437	href="#define" >-define</a> option. As such settings are global in scope, they
cristy	8413418	2011-06-15 22:59:00 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5438	can be used to pass 'attributes' and 'properties' of one specific image,
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5439	in a way that allows you to use them in a completely different image, even if
				5440	the original image has long since been modified or destroyed. For example: </p>
				5441
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	5442	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set option:rosesize '%wx%h' -delete 0 \</span><span class='crtout'> label:'%[rosesize]' label_size_of_rose.gif</span></p>
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5443	<p>Note that <a href="../www/escape.html" >Format Percent Escapes</a> will only match
				5444	a 'artifact' if the given <em class="arg">key</em> does not match an existing
cristy	323f35b	2011-03-24 23:05:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5445	'attribute' or 'property'. </p>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5446
				5447	<p>You can set the attributes of the image registry by prefixing the value
				5448	with <kbd>registry:</kbd>.</p>
				5449
cristy	8413418	2011-06-15 22:59:00 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5450	<p>The <a href="#set">-set profile</a> option can also be used to inject
				5451	previously-formatted ancillary chunks into the output PNG file, using
				5452	the commandline option as shown below or by setting the profile via a
				5453	programming interface:</p>
				5454
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	5455	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -set profile PNG-chunk-x:<filename> out.png</span></p>
cristy	8413418	2011-06-15 22:59:00 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5456	<p>where <em>x</em> is a location flag and
				5457	<em class="arg">filename</em> is a file containing the chunk
				5458	name in the first 4 bytes, then a colon (":"), followed by the chunk data.
				5459	This encoder will compute the chunk length and CRC, so those must not
				5460	be included in the file.</p>
				5461
				5462	<p>"x" can be "b" (before PLTE), "m" (middle, i.e., between PLTE and IDAT),
				5463	or "e" (end, i.e., after IDAT). If you want to write multiple chunks
				5464	of the same type, then add a short unique string after the "x" to prevent
				5465	subsequent profiles from overwriting the preceding ones, e.g.,</p>
				5466
				5467
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	5468	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -set profile PNG-chunk-b01:file01 / <br/>
cristy	8413418	2011-06-15 22:59:00 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5469	-profile PNG-chunk-b02:file02 out.png</span></p>
				5470	<p> </p>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5471
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5472
				5473	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5474	<h4><a id="shade"></a>-shade <em class="arg">azimuth</em>x<em class="arg">elevation</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5475	</div>
				5476
				5477	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>shade the image using a distant light source.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5478
				5479	<p>Specify <em class="arg">azimuth</em> and <em class="arg">elevation</em> as the position of the light source. Use <a href="#shade">+shade</a> to return the shading results as a grayscale image.</p>
				5480
				5481	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5482	<h4><a id="shadow"></a>-shadow <em class="arg">percent-opacity</em>{x<em class="arg">sigma</em>}{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5483	</div>
				5484
				5485	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate an image shadow.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5486
				5487	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5488	<h4><a
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5489	id="shared-memory"></a>-shared-memory</h4>
				5490	</div>
				5491
				5492	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>use shared memory.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5493
				5494	<p>This option specifies whether the utility should attempt to use shared memory for pixmaps. ImageMagick must be compiled with shared memory support, and the display must support the <em class="arg">MIT-SHM</em> extension. Otherwise, this option is ignored. The default is <kbd>True</kbd>.</p>
				5495
				5496	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	5497	<h4><a id="sharpen"></a>-sharpen <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-sharpen <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>+<em class="arg">bias</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5498	</div>
				5499
				5500	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>sharpen the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5501
				5502	<p>Use a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma).</p>
				5503
				5504	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5505	<h4><a id="shave"></a>-shave <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5506	</div>
				5507
				5508	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Shave pixels from the image edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5509
				5510	<p>The <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument specifies the width of the region to be removed from both sides of the image and the height of the regions to be removed from top and bottom. Offsets are ignored.</p>
				5511
				5512	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				5513
				5514	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5515	<h4><a id="shear"></a>-shear <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em>[x<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em>]</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5516	</div>
				5517
				5518	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Shear the image along the x-axis and/or y-axis.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5519
				5520	<p>The shear angles may be positive, negative, or zero. When <em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> is omitted it defaults to 0. When both angles are given, the horizontal component of the shear is performed before the vertical component.</p>
				5521
				5522	<p>Shearing slides one edge of an image along the x-axis or y-axis (i.e., horizontally or vertically, respectively),creating a parallelogram. The amount of each is controlled by the respective shear angle. For horizontal shears, <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em> is measured clockwise relative to "up" (the negative y-axis), sliding the top edge to the right when 0°<<em class="arg">Xdegrees</em><90° and to the left when 90°<<em class="arg">Xdegrees</em><180°. For vertical shears <em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> is measured clockwise relative to "right" (the positive x-axis), sliding the right edge down when 0°<<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em><90° and up when 90°<<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em><180°.</p>
				5523
				5524	<p>Empty triangles left over from shearing the image are filled with the color defined by the <a href="#fill">-background</a> option. The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				5525
				5526	<p>The horizontal shear is performed before the vertical part. This is important to note, since horizontal and vertical shears do not <em>commute</em>, i.e., the order matters in a sequence of shears. For example, the following two commands are not equivalent.</p>
				5527
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	5528	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -shear 20x0 -shear 0x60 logo-sheared.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -shear 0x60 -shear 20x0 logo-sheared.png</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5529	<p>The first of the two commands above is equivalent to the following, except for the amount of empty space created; the command that follows generates a smaller image, and so is a better choice in terms of time and space.</p>
				5530
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	5531	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -shear 20x60 logo-sheared.png</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5532	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5533	<h4><a id="sigmoidal-contrast"></a>-sigmoidal-contrast <em class="arg">contrast</em>x<em class="arg">mid-point</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5534	</div>
				5535
				5536	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>increase the contrast without saturating highlights or shadows.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5537
				5538	<p>Increase the contrast of the image using a sigmoidal transfer function without saturating highlights or shadows. <em class="arg">Contrast</em> indicates how much to increase the contrast (0 is none; 3 is typical; 20 is a lot); <em class="arg">mid-point</em> indicates where midtones fall in the resultant image (0 is white; 50% is middle-gray; 100% is black). By default the image contrast is increased, use <em class="arg">+sigmoidal-contrast</em> to decrease the contrast.</p>
				5539
				5540	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5541	<h4><a id="silent"></a>-silent</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5542	</div>
				5543
				5544	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>operate silently.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5545
				5546	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5547	<h4><a id="size"></a>-size <em class="arg">width</em>[x<em class="arg">height</em>][<em class="arg">+offset</em>]</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5548	</div>
				5549
				5550	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the width and height of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5551
				5552	<p>Use this option to specify the width and height of raw images whose dimensions are unknown such as <kbd>GRAY</kbd>, <kbd>RGB</kbd>, or <kbd>CMYK</kbd>. In addition to width and height, use <a href="#size">-size</a> with an offset to skip any header information in the image or tell the number of colors in a <kbd>MAP</kbd> image file, (e.g. -size 640x512+256).</p>
				5553
				5554	<p>For Photo CD images, choose from these sizes:</p>
				5555
				5556	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5557	192x128
				5558	384x256
				5559	768x512
				5560	1536x1024
				5561	3072x2048
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5562	</pre>
				5563
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5564	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	5565	<h4><a id="sketch"></a>-sketch <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-sketch <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>+<em class="arg">angle</em>+<em class="arg">bias</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5566	</div>
				5567
				5568	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate a pencil sketch.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5569
				5570	<p>Sketch with the given radius, standard deviation (sigma), and angle. The angle given is the angle toward which the image is sketched. That is the direction people would consider the object is coming from. </p>
				5571
				5572	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	2d67ddd	2011-02-13 15:38:23 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5573	<h4><a id="smush"></a>-smush <em class="arg">offset</em></h4>
				5574	</div>
				5575
				5576	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>smush an image sequence together.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5577
				5578	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5579	<h4><a id="snaps"></a>-snaps <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5580	</div>
				5581
				5582	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the number of screen snapshots.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/import.html">import</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5583
				5584	<p>Use this option to grab more than one image from the X server screen, to create an animation sequence.</p>
				5585
				5586	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5587	<h4><a id="solarize"></a>-solarize <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5588	</div>
				5589
				5590	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>negate all pixels above the threshold level.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5591
				5592	<p>Specify <em class="arg">factor</em> as the percent threshold of the intensity (0 - 99.9%).</p>
				5593
				5594	<p>This option produces a <em class="arg">solarization</em> effect seen when exposing a photographic film to light during the development process.</p>
				5595
				5596	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5597	<h4><a id="sparse-color"></a>-sparse-color <em
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5598	class="arg">method</em> '<em class="arg">x</em>,<em class="arg">y</em> <em class="arg">color</em> ...'</h4>
				5599	</div>
				5600
				5601	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'> color the given image using the specified points of color, and filling the other intervening colors using the given methods. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5602
				5603
				5604	<table class="doc">
				5605	<tbody>
				5606	<tr valign="top">
				5607	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				5608	<th align="left">Description</th>
				5609	</tr>
				5610
				5611	<tr valign="top">
cristy	acc0488	2011-05-04 23:03:43 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5612	<td valign="top">barycentric</td>
				5613	<td valign="top">three point triangle of color given 3 points.
				5614	Giving only 2 points will form a linear gradient between those points.
				5615	The gradient generated extends beyond the triangle created by those
				5616	3 points. </td>
				5617	</tr>
				5618
				5619	<tr valign="top">
				5620	<td valign="top">bilinear</td>
				5621	<td valign="top">Like barycentric but for 4 points. Less than 4 points
				5622	fall back to barycentric. </td>
				5623	</tr>
				5624	<tr valign="top">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5625	<td valign="top">voronoi</td>
				5626	<td valign="top">Simply map each pixel to the to nearest color point
				5627	given. The result are polygonal 'cells' of solid color. </td>
				5628	</tr>
				5629
				5630	<tr valign="top">
				5631	<td valign="top">shepards</td>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5632	<td valign="top">Colors points biased on the ratio of inverse distance
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5633	squared. Generating spots of color in a sea of the average of
				5634	colors. </td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5635	</tr>
				5636
				5637	<tr valign="top">
cristy	acc0488	2011-05-04 23:03:43 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5638	<td valign="top">inverse</td>
				5639	<td valign="top">Colors points biased on the ratio of inverse distance.
				5640	This generates sharper points of color rather than rounded spots of
				5641	'<kbd>shepards</kbd>' Generating spots of color in a sea of the
				5642	average of colors. </td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5643	</tr>
				5644
				5645	</tbody>
				5646	</table>
				5647
				5648	<p>The points are placed according to the images location on the virtual
				5649	canvas (<a href="#page" >-page</a> or <a href="#repage" >-repage</a>
				5650	offset), and do not actually have to exist on the given image, but may be
				5651	some point beyond the edge of the image. All points are floating point values.
				5652	</p>
				5653
				5654	<p>Only the color channels defined by the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> are
cristy	acc0488	2011-05-04 23:03:43 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5655	modified, which means that by default matte/alpha transparency channel is not
				5656	effected. Typically transparency channel is turned off either before or after
				5657	the operation. </P>
				5658
				5659	Of course if some color points are transparent to generate a transparent
				5660	gradient, then the image also requires transparency enabled to store the
				5661	values. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5662
				5663	<p>All the above methods when given a single point of color will replace all
				5664	the colors in the image with the color given, regardless of the point. This is
				5665	logical, and provides an alternative technique to recolor a image to some
				5666	default value. </p>
				5667
				5668
				5669	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5670	<h4><a id="splice"></a>-splice <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5671	</div>
				5672
				5673	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Splice the current background color into the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5674
cristy	acc0488	2011-05-04 23:03:43 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5675	<p>This will add rows and columns of the current <a
				5676	href="#background">-background</a> color into the given image according to the
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	5677	given <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> geometry setting. >See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Essentially <a href="#splice">-splice</a> will divide the
cristy	acc0488	2011-05-04 23:03:43 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5678	image into four quadrants, separating them by the inserted rows and columns.
				5679	</P>
				5680
				5681	If a dimension of geometry is zero no rows or columns will be added for that
				5682	dimension. Similarly using a zero offset with the appropriate <a
				5683	href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting will add rows and columns to the edges of
				5684	the image, padding the image only along that one edge. Edge padding is what <a
				5685	href="#splice">-splice</a> is most commonly used for. </p>
				5686
				5687	<p>If the exact same <em class="arg">geometry</em> and <a
				5688	href="#gravity">-gravity</a> is later used with <a href="#chop">-chop</a> the
				5689	added added all splices removed. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5690
				5691	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5692	<h4><a id="spread"></a>-spread <em class="arg">amount</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5693	</div>
				5694
				5695	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>displace image pixels by a random amount.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5696
				5697	<p>The argument <em class="arg">amount</em> defines the size of the neighborhood around each pixel from which to choose a candidate pixel to swap.</p>
				5698
				5699	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	323f35b	2011-03-24 23:05:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5700	<h4><a id="statistic"></a>-statistic <em class="arg">type</em> <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	b52981c	2011-03-19 17:09:31 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5701	</div>
				5702
				5703	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>replace each pixel with corresponding statistic from the neighborhood.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/convert.html">convert</a>, <a href="../www/mogrify.html">mogrify</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5704
				5705	<p>Choose from these statistic types:</p>
				5706	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5707	Gradient maximum difference in area
				5708	Maximum maximum value per channel in neighborhood
				5709	Minimum minimum value per channel in neighborhood
				5710	Mean average value per channel in neighborhood
				5711	Median median value per channel in neighborhood
				5712	Mode mode (most frequent) value per channel in neighborhood
				5713	Nonpeak value just before or after the median value per channel in neighborhood
cristy	b52981c	2011-03-19 17:09:31 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5714	</pre>
				5715
				5716	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5717	<h4><a id="stegano"></a>-stegano <em class="arg">offset</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5718	</div>
				5719
				5720	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>hide watermark within an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5721
				5722	<p>Use an offset to start the image hiding some number of pixels from the beginning of the image. Note this offset and the image size. You will need this information to recover the steganographic image (e.g. display -size 320x256+35 stegano:image.png).</p>
				5723
				5724	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5725	<h4><a id="stereo"></a>-stereo <em class="arg">+x</em>{<em class="arg">+y</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5726	</div>
				5727
				5728	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>composite two images to create a stereo anaglyph.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5729
				5730	<p>The left side of the stereo pair is saved as the red channel of the output image. The right side is saved as the green channel. Red-green stereo glasses are required to properly view the stereo image.</p>
				5731
				5732	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5733	<h4><a id="storage-type"></a>-storage-type <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5734	</div>
				5735
				5736	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>pixel storage type. Here are the valid types:</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5737
				5738	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5739	char unsigned characters
				5740	double doubles
				5741	float floats
				5742	integer integers
				5743	long longs
				5744	quantum pixels in the native depth of your ImageMagick distribution
				5745	short unsigned shorts
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5746	</pre>
				5747
				5748	<p>Float and double types are normalized from 0.0 to 1.0 otherwise the pixels
				5749	values range from 0 to the maximum value the storage type can support.</p>
				5750
				5751	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5752	<h4><a id="stretch"></a>-stretch <em class="arg">fontStretch</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5753	</div>
				5754
				5755	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a type of stretch style for fonts.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5756
				5757	<p>This setting suggests a type of stretch that ImageMagick should try to apply to the currently selected font family. Select <em class="arg">fontStretch</em> from the following.</p>
				5758
				5759	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5760	Any
				5761	Condensed
				5762	Expanded
				5763	ExtraCondensed
				5764	ExtraExpanded
				5765	Normal
				5766	SemiCondensed
				5767	SemiExpanded
				5768	UltraCondensed
				5769	UltraExpanded
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5770	</pre>
				5771
				5772	<p>To print a complete list of stretch types, use <a href="#list">-list stretch</a>.</p>
				5773
				5774	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#style">-style</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
				5775
				5776	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5777	<h4><a id="strip"></a>-strip</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5778	</div>
				5779
				5780	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>strip the image of any profiles or comments.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5781
				5782	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5783	<h4><a id="stroke"></a>-stroke <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5784	</div>
				5785
				5786	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>color to use when stroking a graphic primitive.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5787
				5788	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				5789
				5790	<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				5791
				5792	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5793	<h4><a id="strokewidth"></a>-strokewidth <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5794	</div>
				5795
				5796	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the stroke width.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5797
				5798	<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				5799
				5800	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5801	<h4><a id="style"></a>-style <em class="arg">fontStyle</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5802	</div>
				5803
				5804	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a font style for text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5805
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5806	<p>This setting suggests a font style that ImageMagick should try to apply to
				5807	the currently selected font family. Select <em class="arg">fontStyle</em> from
				5808	the following.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5809
				5810	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5811	Any
				5812	Italic
				5813	Normal
				5814	Oblique
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5815	</pre>
				5816
				5817	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
				5818
				5819	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5820	<h4><a id="subimage-search"></a>-subimage-search</h4>
cristy	ae6203d	2010-08-09 01:12:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5821	</div>
				5822
cristy	d4d64ed	2010-08-22 22:19:33 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5823	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>search for subimage.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/compare.html">compare</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5824
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5825	<p>This option is required to have compare search for the best match location
				5826	of a small image within a larger image. This search will produce two images
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5827	(or two frames). The first is the "difference" image and the second will
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5828	be the "match score" image.</p>
				5829
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5830	<p>The "match-score" image is smaller containing a pixel for ever possible
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5831	position of the top-left corner of the given sub-image. that is its size will
				5832	be the size of the larger_image - sub_image + 1. The brightest location in
				5833	this image is the location s the locate on the best match that is also
				5834	reported. Note that this may or may nor be a perfect match, and the actual
				5835	brightness will reflect this. Other bright 'peaks' can be used to locate other
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	5836	possible matching locations. </p>
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5837
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	5838	<p>Note that the search will try to compare the sub-image at every possible
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5839	location in the larger image, as such it can be very slow. The smaller the
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5840	sub-image the faster this search is. </p>
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5841
cristy	ae6203d	2010-08-09 01:12:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5842
				5843	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5844	<h4><a id="swap"></a>-swap <em class="arg">index,index</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5845	</div>
				5846
				5847	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Swap the positions of two images in the image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5848
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5849	<p>For example, <a href="#swap">-swap 0,2</a> swaps the first and the third
				5850	images in the current image sequence. Use <a href="#swap">+swap</a> to switch
				5851	the last two images in the sequence.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5852
				5853	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5854	<h4><a id="swirl"></a>-swirl <em class="arg">degrees</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5855	</div>
				5856
				5857	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>swirl image pixels about the center.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5858
				5859	<p><em class="arg">Degrees</em> defines the tightness of the swirl.</p>
				5860
				5861	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5862	<h4><a id="synchronize"></a>-synchronize</h4>
cristy	5063d81	2010-10-19 16:28:10 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5863	</div>
				5864
				5865	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>synchronize image to storage device.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5866
				5867	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5868	<h4><a id="taint"></a>-taint</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5869	</div>
				5870
cristy	5063d81	2010-10-19 16:28:10 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5871	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mark the image as modified.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5872
				5873	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5874	<h4><a id="text-font"></a>-text-font <em class="arg">name</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5875	</div>
				5876
				5877	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>font for writing fixed-width text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5878
				5879	<p>Specifies the name of the preferred font to use in fixed (typewriter style) formatted text. The default is 14 point <em class="arg">Courier</em>.</p>
				5880
				5881	<p>You can tag a font to specify whether it is a PostScript, TrueType, or OPTION1 font. For example, <kbd>Courier.ttf</kbd> is a TrueType font and <kbd>x:fixed</kbd> is OPTION1.</p>
				5882
				5883	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5884	<h4><a id="texture"></a>-texture <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5885	</div>
				5886
				5887	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>name of texture to tile onto the image background.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5888
				5889	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5890	<h4><a id="threshold"></a>-threshold <em class="arg">value</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5891	</div>
				5892
				5893	<!-- {<em class="arg">green,blue,opacity</em>}
				5894	<p>If the green or blue value is omitted, these channels use the same value as the first one provided. If all three color values are the same, the result is a bi-level image. If the opacity threshold is omitted, OpaqueOpacity is used and any partially transparent pixel becomes fully transparent.</p>
				5895	-->
				5896
				5897	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply simultaneous black/white threshold to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5898
				5899	<p>Any pixel values (more specifically, those channels set using <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a>) that exceed the specified threshold are reassigned the maximum channel value, while all other values are assigned the minimum.</p>
				5900
				5901	<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer value corresponding to the desired channel value. When given as an integer, the minimum attainable value is 0 (corresponding to black when all channels are affected), but the maximum value (corresponding to white) is that of the <kbd>quantum depth</kbd> of the particular build of ImageMagick, and is therefore dependent on the installation. For that reason, a reasonable recommendation for most applications is to specify the threshold values as a percentage.
				5902	</p>
				5903
				5904	<p> The following would force pixels with red values above 50% to have 100% red values, while those at or below 50% red would be set to 0 in the red channel. The green, blue, and alpha channels (if present) would be unchanged. </p>
				5905
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	5906	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -channel red -threshold 50% out.png</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5907	<p>As (possibly) impractical but instructive examples, the following would generate an all-black and an all-white image with the same dimensions as the input image.</p>
				5908
				5909
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	5910	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -threshold 100% black.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -threshold -1 white.png</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5911	<p>Note that the values of the transparency channel is treated as 'matte'
				5912	values (0 is opaque) and not as 'alpha' values (0 is transparent).</p>
				5913
				5914	<p> See also <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#black-threshold">‑black‑threshold</a> and <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#white-threshold">‑white‑threshold</a>.
				5915	</p>
				5916
				5917	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5918	<h4><a id="thumbnail"></a>-thumbnail <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5919	</div>
				5920
				5921	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Create a thumbnail of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5922
				5923	<p>This is similar to <a href="#resize">-resize</a>, except it is optimized for speed and any image profile, other than a color profile, is removed to reduce the thumbnail size. To strip the color profiles as well, add <a href="#strip">-strip</a> just before of after this option.</p>
				5924
				5925	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				5926
				5927	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5928	<h4><a id="tile"></a>-tile <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5929	</div>
				5930
				5931	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the tile image used for filling a subsequent graphic primitive.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5932
				5933	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5934	<h4>-tile <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				5935	</div>
				5936
				5937	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify the layout of images .</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5938
				5939	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				5940
				5941	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5942	<h4>-tile</h4>
				5943	</div>
				5944
				5945	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specifies that a subsequent composite operation is repeated across and down image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5946
				5947	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5948	<h4><a id="tile-offset"></a>-tile-offset {<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5949	</div>
				5950
				5951	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify the offset for tile images, relative to the background image it is tiled on.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5952
				5953	<p>This should be set before the tiling image is set by <a href="#tile" >-tile</a> or <a href="#texture" >-texture</a>, or directly applied for creating a tiled canvas using <kbd>TILE:</kbd> or <kbd>PATTERN:</kbd> input formats. </p>
				5954
				5955	<p>Internally ImageMagick does a <a href="#roll" >-roll</a> of the tile image by the arguments given when the tile image is set. </p>
				5956
				5957	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5958	<h4><a id="tint"></a>-tint <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5959	</div>
				5960
				5961	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Tint the image with the fill color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5962
				5963	<p>Tint the image with the fill color.</p>
				5964
				5965	<p>Specify the amount of tinting as a percentage. Pure colors like black, white red, yellow, will not be affected by -tint. Only mid-range colors such as the various shades of grey.</p>
				5966
				5967	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5968	<h4><a id="title"></a>-title <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5969	</div>
				5970
				5971	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Assign a title to displayed image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>, <a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5972
				5973	<p>Use this option to assign a specific title to the image. This assigned to the image window and is typically displayed in the window title bar. Optionally you can include the image filename, type, width, height, Exif data, or other image attribute by embedding special format characters described under the <a href="#format">-format</a> option.</p>
				5974
				5975	<p>For example,</p>
				5976
				5977	<p class="crtsnip">
				5978	-title "%m:%f %wx%h"
				5979	</p>
				5980
				5981	<p>produces an image title of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> for an image titled <kbd>bird.miff</kbd> and whose width is 512 and height is 480.</p>
				5982
				5983
				5984	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5985	<h4><a id="transform"></a>-transform</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5986	</div>
				5987
				5988	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>transform the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5989
				5990	<p>This option applies the transformation matrix from a previous <a href="#affine">-affine</a> option.</p>
				5991
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	5992	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert -affine 2,2,-2,2,0,0 -transform bird.ppm bird.jpg</span></p>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5993
				5994	<p>This operator has been now been superseded by the <a
				5995	href="#distort">-distort</a> '<kbd>AffineProjection</kbd>' method. </p>
				5996
				5997
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5998	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5999	<h4><a id="transparent"></a>-transparent <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6000	</div>
				6001
				6002	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Make this color transparent within the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				6003
				6004	<p>The <em class="arg">color</em> argument is defined using the format
				6005	described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option. The <a href="#fuzz"
				6006	>-fuzz</a> setting can be used to match and replace colors similar to the one
				6007	given. </p>
				6008
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6009	<p>Use <a href="#transparent" >+transparent</a> to invert the pixels matched.
				6010	that is make all non-matching colors transparent. </p>
				6011
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6012	<p>The <a href="#opaque">-opaque</a> operator is exactly the same as <a
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6013	href="#transparent" >-transparent</a> but replaces the matching color with the
				6014	current <a href="#fill">-fill</a> color setting, rather than transparent.
				6015	However the <a href="#transparent" >-transparent</a> operator also ensures
				6016	that the image has an alpha channel enabled, as per "<kbd><a href="#alpha"
				6017	>-alpha</a> set</kbd>", and does not require you to modify the <a
				6018	href="#channel">-channel</a> to enable alpha channel handling. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6019
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6020	<p>Note that this does not define the color as being the 'transparency color'
				6021	used for color-mapped image formats, such as GIF. For that use <a
				6022	href="#transparent-color" >-transparent-color</a> </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6023
				6024
				6025	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6026	<h4><a id="transparent-color"></a>-transparent-color <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6027	</div>
				6028
				6029	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the transparent color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				6030
				6031	<p>Sometimes this is used for saving to image formats such as
				6032	GIF and PNG8 which uses this color to represent boolean transparency. This
				6033	does not make a color transparent, it only defines what color the transparent
				6034	color is in the color palette of the saved image. Use <a
				6035	href="#transparent">-transparent</a> to make an opaque color transparent.</p>
				6036
				6037	<p>This option allows you to have both an opaque visible color, as well as a
				6038	transparent color of the same color value without conflict. That is, you can
				6039	use the same color for both the transparent and opaque color areas within an
				6040	image. This, in turn, frees to you to select a transparent color that is
				6041	appropriate when an image is displayed by an application that does not handle a
				6042	transparent color index, while allowing ImageMagick to correctly handle images of this
				6043	type. </p>
				6044
				6045	<p>The default transparent color is <kbd>#00000000</kbd>, which is fully transparent black.</p>
				6046
				6047	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6048	<h4><a id="transpose"></a>-transpose</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6049	</div>
				6050
				6051	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mirror the image along the top-left to bottom-right diagonal.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				6052
				6053	<p> This option mathematically transposes the pixel array. It is equivalent to the sequence <kbd>-flip -rotate 90</kbd>.
				6054	</p>
				6055
				6056	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6057	<h4><a id="transverse"></a>-transverse</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6058	</div>
				6059
				6060	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mirror the image along the images bottom-left top-right diagonal. Equivalent to the operations <kbd>-flop -rotate 90</kbd>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				6061
				6062
				6063	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6064	<h4><a id="treedepth"></a>-treedepth <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6065	</div>
				6066
				6067	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>tree depth for the color reduction algorithm.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				6068
				6069	<p>Normally, this integer value is zero or one. A value of zero or one causes the use of an optimal tree depth for the color reduction algorithm.</p>
				6070
				6071	<p>An optimal depth generally allows the best representation of the source image with the fastest computational speed and the least amount of memory. However, the default depth is inappropriate for some images. To assure the best representation, try values between 2 and 8 for this parameter. Refer to the <a href="../www/quantize.html">color reduction algorithm</a> for more details.</p>
				6072
				6073	<p>The <a href="#colors">-colors</a> or <a href="#monochrome">-monochrome</a> option, or writing to an image format which requires color reduction, is required for this option to take effect.</p>
				6074
				6075	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6076	<h4><a id="trim"></a>-trim</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6077	</div>
				6078
				6079	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>trim an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				6080
				6081	<p>This option removes any edges that are exactly the same color as the corner pixels. Use <a href="#fuzz">-fuzz</a> to make <a href="#trim">-trim</a> remove edges that are nearly the same color as the corner pixels.</p>
				6082
				6083	<p>The page or virtual canvas information of the image is preserved allowing
				6084	you to extract the result of the <a href="#trim">-trim</a> operation from the
				6085	image. Use a <a href="#repage">+repage</a> to remove the virtual canvas page
				6086	information if it is unwanted.</p>
				6087
				6088	<p>If the trimmed image 'disappears' an warning is produced, and a special
				6089	single pixel transparent 'missed' image is returned, in the same way as when a
				6090	<a href="#crop">-crop</a> operation 'misses' the image proper. </p>
				6091
				6092
				6093	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6094	<h4><a id="type"></a>-type <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6095	</div>
				6096
				6097	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the image type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6098	<p>Choose from: <kbd>Bilevel</kbd>, <kbd>Grayscale</kbd>, <kbd>GrayscaleMatte</kbd>, <kbd>Palette</kbd>, <kbd>PaletteMatte</kbd>, <kbd>TrueColor</kbd>, <kbd>TrueColorMatte</kbd>, <kbd>ColorSeparation</kbd>, or <kbd>ColorSeparationMatte</kbd>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6099
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	6100	<p>Normally, when a format supports different subformats such as grayscale and truecolor, the encoder will try to choose an efficient subformat. The <a href="#type">-type</a> option can be used to override this behavior. For example, to prevent a JPEG from being written in grayscale format even though only gray pixels are present, use.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6101
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	6102	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert bird.png -type TrueColor bird.jpg</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6103	<p>Similarly, use <a href="#type">-type TrueColorMatte</a> to force the encoder to write an alpha channel even though the image is opaque, if the output format supports transparency.</p>
				6104
				6105	<p>Use <a href="#type">-type optimize</a> to ensure the image is written in the smallest possible file size.</p>
				6106
				6107	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6108	<h4><a id="undercolor"></a>-undercolor <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6109	</div>
				6110
				6111	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the color of the annotation bounding box.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				6112
				6113	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				6114
				6115	<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				6116
				6117
				6118	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6119	<h4><a id="update"></a>-update <em class="arg">seconds</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6120	</div>
				6121
				6122	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>detect when image file is modified and redisplay.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				6123
				6124	<p>Suppose that while you are displaying an image the file that is currently displayed is over-written. <kbd>display</kbd> will automagically detect that the input file has been changed and update the displayed image accordingly.</p>
				6125
				6126
				6127	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6128	<h4><a id="unique-colors"></a>-unique-colors</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6129	</div>
				6130
				6131	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>discard all but one of any pixel color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				6132
				6133
				6134	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6135	<h4><a id="units"></a>-units <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6136	</div>
				6137
				6138	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the units of image resolution.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				6139
				6140	<p>Choose from: <kbd>Undefined</kbd>, <kbd>PixelsPerInch</kbd>, or <kbd>PixelsPerCentimeter</kbd>. This option is normally used in conjunction with the <a href="#density">-density</a> option.</p>
				6141
				6142
				6143	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6144	<h4><a id="unsharp"></a>-unsharp <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-unsharp <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>{<em class="arg">+amount</em>}{<em class="arg">+threshold</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6145	</div>
				6146
				6147	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>sharpen the image with an unsharp mask operator.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				6148
				6149	<p>The <a href="#unsharp">-unsharp</a> option sharpens an image. The image is convolved with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma). For reasonable results, radius should be larger than sigma. Use a radius of 0 to have the method select a suitable radius.</p>
				6150
				6151	<p>The parameters are:</p>
				6152
				6153	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6154	radius The radius of the Gaussian, in pixels, not counting the center
				6155	pixel (default 0).
				6156	sigma The standard deviation of the Gaussian, in pixels (default 1.0).
				6157	amount The fraction of the difference between the original and the blur
				6158	image that is added back into the original (default 1.0).
				6159	threshold The threshold, as a fraction of <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>, needed to apply the
				6160	difference amount (default 0.05).
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6161	</pre>
				6162
				6163
				6164	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6165	<h4><a id="verbose"></a>-verbose</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6166	</div>
				6167
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6168	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>print detailed information about the image when this option precedes the <a href="#identify">-identify</a> option or <kbd>info:</kbd>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6169
				6170
				6171	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6172	<h4><a id="version"></a>-version</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6173	</div>
				6174
				6175	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>print ImageMagick version string and exit.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				6176
				6177
				6178	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6179	<h4><a id="view"></a>-view <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6180	</div>
				6181
				6182	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>FlashPix viewing parameters.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				6183
				6184
				6185	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6186	<h4><a id="vignette"></a>-vignette <em class="arg">radius</em>{x<em class="arg">sigma</em>}{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6187	</div>
				6188
				6189	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>soften the edges of the image in vignette style.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				6190
				6191
				6192	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6193	<h4><a id="virtual-pixel"></a>-virtual-pixel <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6194	</div>
				6195
				6196	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify contents of <em>virtual pixels</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				6197
				6198	<p>This option defines what color source should be used if and when a color
				6199	lookup completely 'misses' the source image. The color(s) that appear to
				6200	surround the source image. Generally this color is derived from the source
				6201	image, but could also be set to a specify background color. </p>
				6202
				6203	<p>Choose from these methods:</p>
				6204
				6205	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6206	background the area surrounding the image is the background color
				6207	black the area surrounding the image is black
				6208	checker-tile alternate squares with image and background color
				6209	dither non-random 32x32 dithered pattern
				6210	edge extend the edge pixel toward infinity
				6211	gray the area surrounding the image is gray
				6212	horizontal-tile horizontally tile the image, background color above/below
				6213	horizontal-tile-edge horizontally tile the image and replicate the side edge pixels
				6214	mirror mirror tile the image
				6215	random choose a random pixel from the image
				6216	tile tile the image (default)
				6217	transparent the area surrounding the image is transparent blackness
				6218	vertical-tile vertically tile the image, sides are background color
				6219	vertical-tile-edge vertically tile the image and replicate the side edge pixels
				6220	white the area surrounding the image is white
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6221	</pre>
				6222
				6223	<p>The default value is "edge".</p>
				6224
				6225	<p>This most important for distortion operators such as <a href="#distort"
				6226	>-distort</a>, <a href="#implode" >-implode</a>, and <a href="#fx" >-fx</a>.
				6227	However it also effects operations that may access pixels just outside the
				6228	image proper, such as <a href="#convolve">-convolve</a>, <a
				6229	href="#blur">-blur</a>, and <a href="#sharpen">-sharpen</a>. </p>
				6230
				6231	<p>To print a complete list of virtual pixel types, use the <a href="#list">-list virtual-pixel</a> option.</p>
				6232
				6233
				6234	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6235	<h4><a id="visual"></a>-visual <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6236	</div>
				6237
				6238	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Animate images using this X visual type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				6239
				6240	<p>Choose from these visual classes:</p>
				6241
				6242	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6243	StaticGray
				6244	GrayScale
				6245	StaticColor
				6246	PseudoColor
				6247	TrueColor
				6248	DirectColor
				6249	default
				6250	visual id
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6251	</pre>
				6252
				6253	<p>The X server must support the visual you choose, otherwise an error occurs. If a visual is not specified, the visual class that can display the most simultaneous colors on the default screen is chosen.</p>
				6254
				6255
				6256	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6257	<h4><a id="watermark"></a>-watermark <em
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6258	class="arg">brightness</em>x<em class="arg">saturation</em></h4>
				6259	</div>
				6260
				6261	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Watermark an image using the given percentages of brightness and
				6262	saturation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				6263
				6264	<p>Take a grayscale image (with alpha mask) and modify the destination image's
				6265	brightness according to watermark image's grayscale value and the <em
				6266	class="arg">brightness</em> percentage. The destinations color saturation
				6267	attribute is just direct modified by the <em class="arg">saturation</em>
				6268	percentage, which defaults to 100 percent (no color change). </p>
				6269
				6270
				6271	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6272	<h4><a id="wave"></a>-wave <em class="arg">amplitude</em><br />-wave <em class="arg">amplitude</em>x<em class="arg">wavelength</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6273	</div>
				6274
				6275	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Shear the columns of an image into a sine wave.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				6276
				6277	<p>Specify <em class="arg">amplitude</em> and <em class="arg">wavelength</em> of the wave.</p>
				6278
				6279	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6280	<h4><a id="weight"></a>-weight <em class="arg">fontWeight</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6281	</div>
				6282
				6283	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a font weight for text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				6284
				6285	<p>This setting suggests a font weight that ImageMagick should try to apply to the currently selected font family. Use a positive integer for <em class="arg">fontWeight</em> or select from the following.</p>
				6286
				6287	<table class="doc">
				6288	<col width="25%" />
				6289	<col width="75%" />
				6290	<thead>
				6291	<tr>
				6292	<th><em class="arg">fontWeight</em></th>
				6293	<th>Description</th>
				6294	</tr>
				6295	</thead>
				6296	<tbody>
				6297	<tr><td>All </td> <td>No effect. </td></tr>
				6298	<tr><td>Bold </td> <td>Same as <em class="arg">fontWeight</em> = 700.</td></tr>
				6299	<tr><td>Bolder </td> <td>Add 100 to font weight if currently ≤ 800.</td></tr>
				6300	<tr><td>Lighter </td> <td>Subtract 100 to font weight if currently ≤ 100.</td></tr>
				6301	<tr><td>Normal </td> <td>Same as <em class="arg">fontWeight</em> = 400.</td></tr>
				6302	</tbody>
				6303	</table>
				6304
				6305	<p>To print a complete list of weight types, use <a href="#list">-list weight</a>.</p>
				6306
				6307	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, and <a href="#style">-style</a>. </p>
				6308
				6309	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6310	<h4><a id="white-point"></a>-white-point <em class="arg">x,y</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6311	</div>
				6312
				6313	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>chromaticity white point.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				6314
				6315	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6316	<h4><a id="white-threshold"></a>-white-threshold <em class="arg">value</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6317	</div>
				6318
cristy	5cadd61	2009-09-21 19:33:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6319	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Force to white all pixels above the threshold while leaving all pixels at or below the threshold unchanged.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				6320
				6321	<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer value within [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>] corresponding to the desired <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a> value. See <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a> for more details on thresholds and resulting values.
				6322	</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6323
				6324	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6325	<h4><a id="window"></a>-window <em class="arg">id</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6326	</div>
				6327
				6328	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Make the image the background of a window.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				6329
				6330	<p><em class="arg">id</em> can be a window id or name. Specify <kbd>root</kbd> to select X's root window as the target window.</p>
				6331
				6332	<p>By default the image is tiled onto the background of the target window. If <kbd>backdrop</kbd> or <a href="#geometry">-resize</a> are specified, the image is surrounded by the background color. Refer to <kbd>X RESOURCES</kbd> for details.</p>
				6333
				6334	<p>The image will not display on the root window if the image has more unique colors than the target window colormap allows. Use <a href="#colors">-colors</a> to reduce the number of colors.</p>
				6335
				6336	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6337	<h4><a id="window-group"></a>-window-group</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6338	</div>
				6339
				6340	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the window group.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				6341
				6342	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6343	<h4><a id="write"></a>-write <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6344	</div>
				6345
				6346	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>write an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				6347	<p>The image sequence preceding the <a href="#write">-write</a> <em class="arg">filename</em> option is written out, and processing continues with the same image in its current state if there are additional options. To restore the image to its original state after writing it, use the <a href="#write">+write</a> <em class="arg">filename</em> option.</p>
				6348
				6349	<p>Use <a href="#compress">-compress</a> to specify the type of image compression.</p>
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6350	</div>
				6351	</div>
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	6352
cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6353
				6354	</div>
				6355
				6356	<div id="linkbar">
cristy	ce69bb0	2010-07-27 19:49:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6357	<span id="linkbar-west"> </span>
cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6358	<span id="linkbar-center">
				6359	<a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/discourse-server/">Discourse Server</a> •
cristy	a890294	2010-07-30 00:49:52 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6360	<a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/MagickStudio/scripts/MagickStudio.cgi">Studio</a>
cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6361	</span>
				6362	<span id="linkbar-east"> </span>
				6363	</div>
				6364	<div class="footer">
cristy	eed6cb6	2012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	6365	<span id="footer-west">© 1999-2011 ImageMagick Studio LLC</span>
cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6366	<span id="footer-east"> <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/script/contact.php">Contact the Wizards</a></span>
				6367	</div>
				6368	<div style="clear: both; margin: 0; width: 100%; "></div>
cristy	a890294	2010-07-30 00:49:52 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6369	<script type="text/javascript">
				6370	var _gaq = _gaq \|\| [];
				6371	_gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-17690367-1']);
				6372	_gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);
				6373
				6374	(function() {
				6375	var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true;
				6376	ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
				6377	var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
				6378	})();
				6379	</script>
cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6380	</body>
				6381	</html>