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gerrit-public.fairphone.software / platform / external / ImageMagick / ef25b755b80636d8259c7c60ef07dbf821613813 / . / www / motion-picture.html
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2<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
3 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
4<html version="-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
5 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en"
6 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
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8 http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/SCHEMA/xhtml11.xsd">
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cristyffb69ed2010-12-25 00:06:48 +0000[diff] [blame]12 <title>ImageMagick: Motion Picture Digital Images</title>
cristy751980d2012-06-03 23:18:35 +0000[diff] [blame]13 <meta http-equiv="content-language" content="en-US"/>
14 <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
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17 <meta name="description" content="Use ImageMagick to convert, edit, or compose bitmap images in a variety of formats. In addition resize, rotate, shear, distort and transform images automagically."/>
18 <meta name="application-url" content="http://www.imagemagick.org"/>
19 <meta name="generator" content="PHP"/>
20 <meta name="keywords" content="motion, picture, digital, images, ImageMagick, PerlMagick, image processing, OpenMP, software development library, image, photo, software, Magick++, MagickWand"/>
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23 <meta name="generator" content="ImageMagick Studio LLC"/>
24 <meta name="author" content="ImageMagick Studio LLC"/>
25 <meta name="revisit-after" content="2 DAYS"/>
26 <meta name="resource-type" content="document"/>
cristy45ef08f2012-12-07 13:13:34 +0000[diff] [blame]27 <meta name="copyright" content="Copyright (c) 1999-2013 ImageMagick Studio LLC"/>
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cristydcca3fa2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000[diff] [blame]29 <link rel="icon" href="../images/wand.png"/>
cristy3c98a4f2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000[diff] [blame]30 <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../images/wand.ico" type="images/x-icon"/>
cristyad41c0c2012-10-31 00:49:28 +0000[diff] [blame]31 <link rel="canonical" href="http://www.imagemagick.org" />
32 <link rel="meta" type="application/rdf+xml" title="ICI" href="http://imagemagick.org/ici.rdf"/>
33 <!-- Add jQuery library -->
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36 <!-- Optionaly include easing and/or mousewheel plugins -->
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cristyad41c0c2012-10-31 00:49:28 +0000[diff] [blame]57 <style type="text/css" media="all">
58 @import url("../www/magick.css");
59 </style>
60</head>
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63<div class="titlebar">
64<div style="margin: 17px auto; float: left;">
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cristyffb69ed2010-12-25 00:06:48 +0000[diff] [blame]240<h1>ImageMagick Motion Picture Formats</h1>
cristy751980d2012-06-03 23:18:35 +0000[diff] [blame]241<p class="navigation-index">[<a href="motion-picture.html#intro">Introduction to Motion Picture Formats</a> &bull; <a href="motion-picture.html#log">Log Format</a> &bull; <a href="motion-picture.html#properties">DPX properties</a> &bull; <a href="motion-picture.html#settings">DPX Settings</a>]</p>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]242
cristydcca3fa2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000[diff] [blame]243<h2><a id="intro"></a>Introduction to Motion Picture Formats</h2>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]244<div class="doc-section">
245
246<p>DPX (SMPTE 268M-2003) - This format is used in Motion Picture and Effects industry that makes particular use of the extensive header information and the format's flexibility in being able to handle high dynamic range and logarithmic color values at a variety of bit depths using RGB or YCbCr pixel descriptions. It is based on, but largely supercedes, Kodak's Cineon format that has more a more film specific header.</p>
247
248<p>One example of it's use includes scanning film for use in post production. Each frame is stored as an individual DPX file ranging from 2k (2048 pixels wide) to 8k (8192 pixels wide - for IMAX frames) at anything between 8 to 64 bits per color component. A sequence of these might then be processed using compositing software, altering the color or adding visual effects. Once complete they might then be recorded digitally to tape or projected back on to film.</p>
249
250<p>The color values for each pixel are often stored logarithmically (particularly if the sequence is destined to be transferred back on to film) which more naturally reflects the density of how color information is stored in the emulsion on the original film. When viewed without alteration, logarithmic files appear to have very low contrast and requires a 'look up table' to translate the logarithmic image to something that resembles what you might see if the image was transferred back to film and projected in a cinema. Apart from making the image linear (like most typical computer images) and adjusting the gamma level this table sets where the black and white point lies.</p>
251
252<p>For a 10 bit logarithmic image where each color component value ranges from 0 to 1023 the black and white points are normally set at 95 for black and 685 for white. What this means is that the logarithmic file stores color values that are lighter than what the linear version will display as pure white and darker than what it will display as pure black. This extra information therefore remains available for an effects artists who might wish to alter the brightness of the image after it has been stored as a DPX file.</p>
253
254<p>As an example, had this information been lost, reducing the brightness of an image uniformly would result in highlights becoming darker, whereas with this extra information the highlights instead reduce in size and start showing details that were previously too bright to be seen. The latter is far closer to what happens in the real world.</p>
255
256<p>The header can contain Film and/or Television specific data related to a production. For example the television header can contain a SMPTE time code so that shots exported as a DPX sequence from a production's edit can be easily replaced once any effects have been added. The film header holds information about the reel of film the frames originated from and various camera settings that were used while filming. All these details usually stay with the images as they are passed between post-production companies.</p>
257
258</div>
259
cristydcca3fa2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000[diff] [blame]260<h2><a id="log"></a>Log Format</h2>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]261<div class="doc-section">
262
263<p>The color values for each pixel are often stored logarithmically (particularly if the sequence is destined to be transferred back on to film) which more naturally reflects the density of how color information is stored in the emulsion on the original film. When viewed without alteration logarithmic files appear to have very low contrast (leftmost image), and so require a 'look up table' to translate the logarithmic image to something that resembles what you might see if the image was transferred back to film and projected in a cinema (rightmost image). Apart from making the image linear (like most typical computer images) and adjusting the gamma level this table sets where the black and white point lies.</p>
264
265<p class="image">
266 <a href="../images/bluebells_log.jpg"><img src="../images/bluebells_log.jpg" width="384" height="288" class="image-slices" alt="bluebells-log" /></a>
267 <a href="../images/bluebells_lin.jpg"><img src="../images/bluebells_lin.jpg" width="384" height="288" class="image-slices" alt="bluebells-linear" /></a>
268</p>
269
270<p>For a 10 bit logarithmic image where each color component value ranges from 0 to 1023 the black and white points are normally set at 95 for black and 685 for white. What this means is that the logarithmic file stores color values that are lighter than what the linear version will display as pure white and darker than what it will display as pure black. This extra information therefore remains available for an effects artists who might wish to alter the brightness of the image after it has been stored as a DPX file.</p>
271
272<p>As an example, had this information been lost, reducing the brightness of a linear image uniformly would result in highlights becoming darker (leftmost image), whereas with this extra information the highlights instead reduce in size and start showing details that were previously too bright to be seen (rightmost image). The latter is far closer to what happens in the real world.</p>
273
274<p class="image">
275 <a href="../images/bluebells_clipped.jpg"><img src="../images/bluebells_clipped.jpg" width="384" height="288" class="image-slices" alt="bluebells-clipped" /></a>
276 <a href="../images/bluebells_darker.jpg"><img src="../images/bluebells_darker.jpg" width="384" height="288" class="image-slices" alt="bluebells-darker" /></a>
277</p>
278
279</div>
280
cristydcca3fa2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000[diff] [blame]281<h2><a id="properties"></a>DPX Properties</h2>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]282<div class="doc-section">
283
284<p>ImageMagick supports these DPX properties:</p>
285
286<pre class="text">
287 dpx:file.copyright
288 dpx:file.creator
289 dpx:file.filename
290 dpx:file.project
291 dpx:file.version
292 dpx:film.count
293 dpx:film.format
294 dpx:film.frame_id
295 dpx:film.frame_position
296 dpx:film.frame_rate
297 dpx:film.held_count
298 dpx:film.id
299 dpx:film.offset
300 dpx:film.prefix
301 dpx:film.sequence_length
302 dpx:film.shutter_angle
303 dpx:film.slate
304 dpx:film.type
305 dpx:orientation.aspect_ratio
306 dpx:orientation.border
307 dpx:orientation.device
308 dpx:orientation.filename
cristyc02484c2010-03-08 00:14:58 +0000[diff] [blame]309 dpx:orientation.serial
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]310 dpx:orientation.x_center
311 dpx:orientation.x_offset
312 dpx:orientation.x_size
313 dpx:orientation.y_center
314 dpx:orientation.y_offset
315 dpx:orientation.y_size
316 dpx:television.black_gain
317 dpx:television.black_level
318 dpx:television.break_point
319 dpx:television.field_number
320 dpx:television.frame_rate
321 dpx:television.gamma
322 dpx:television.integration_times
323 dpx:television.interlace
324 dpx:television.padding
325 dpx:television.time.code
326 dpx:television.time_offset
327 dpx:television.user.bits
328 dpx:television.vertical_sample_rate
329 dpx:television.video_signal
330 dpx:television.white_level
331 dpx:user.id
cristyc4960862010-05-23 22:24:24 +0000[diff] [blame]332 dpx:user.data
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]333</pre>
334
335<p> To determine which properties are associated with your DPX image, use this command for example:</p>
336
cristyeed6cb62012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000[diff] [blame]337<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>identify -verbose bluebells.dpx</span></p>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]338<p>To identify a particular property, try this:</p>
339
cristyeed6cb62012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000[diff] [blame]340<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>identify -format "%[dpx:television.time.code]" bluebells.dpx</span></p>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]341<p>Finally, to set a property:</p>
342
cristyeed6cb62012-01-28 19:38:34 +0000[diff] [blame]343<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert bluebells.dpx -define dpx:television.time.code=10:00:02:15 bluebells-001.dpx</span></p>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]344</div>
345
cristydcca3fa2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000[diff] [blame]346<h2><a id="settings"></a>DPX Settings</h2>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]347<div class="doc-section">
348
cristy751980d2012-06-03 23:18:35 +0000[diff] [blame]349<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> to specify the image or film gamma or black and white points. For example use:
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]350</p>
351
352 <div>
353 <p class="crtsnip">-set gamma 1.7</p>
354
cristy2c839602010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000[diff] [blame]355 <p class="crtsnip">-set film-gamma 0.6</p>
356
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]357 <p class="crtsnip">-set reference-black 95</p>
358
359 <p class="crtsnip">-set reference-white 685</p>
cristyc4960862010-05-23 22:24:24 +0000[diff] [blame]360
361 <p class="crtsnip">-set profile dpx:user.data</p>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]362 </div>
363
364</div>
365
cristyad41c0c2012-10-31 00:49:28 +0000[diff] [blame]366
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