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cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	11	<title>ImageMagick: Command-line Options</title>
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cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	16	<meta name="Description" content="ImageMagick is a software suite to create, edit, compose, or convert bitmap images in a variety of formats. Use ImageMagick to scale, rotate, shear, distort and transform images."/>
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cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	32	<style type="text/css" media="all">
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cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	48	</head>
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cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	185	<h1>Create, Edit, or Compose Bitmap Images With These Command-line Options</h1>
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<span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#weight">‑weight</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#white-point">‑white‑point</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#white-threshold">‑white‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#window">‑window</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#window-group">‑window‑group</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#write">‑write</a> ] </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	188
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	189	<div class="doc-section">
				190
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	191	<p>Below is list of command-line options recognized by the ImageMagick <a
				192	href="../www/command-line-tools.html">command-line
				193	tools</a>. If you want a description of a particular option, click on the
				194	option name in the navigation bar above and you will go right to it. Unless
cristy	a890294	2010-07-30 00:49:52 +0000	[diff] [blame]	195	otherwise noted, each option is recognized by the commands <a href="../www/convert.html">convert</a>, <a href="../www/mogrify.html">mogrify</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	196
				197	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	198	<h4><a id="adaptive-blur"></a>-adaptive-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>[x<em class="arg">sigma</em>]</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	199	</div>
				200
				201	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adaptively blur pixels, with decreasing effect near edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	202	<p>A Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (<em class="arg">sigma</em>) is used. If <em class="arg">sigma</em> is not given it defaults to 1.</p>
				203
				204	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	205	<h4><a id="adaptive-resize"></a>-adaptive-resize <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	206	</div>
				207
				208	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Resize the image using data-dependent triangulation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				209
				210	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <a href="#adaptive-resize">-adaptive-resize</a> option defaults to data-dependent triangulation. Use the <a href="#filter">-filter</a> to choose a different resampling algorithm. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are ignored, and the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
				211
				212	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	213	<h4><a id="adaptive-sharpen"></a>-adaptive-sharpen <em class="arg">radius</em>[x<em class="arg">sigma</em>]</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	214	</div>
				215
				216	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adaptively sharpen pixels, with increasing effect near edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				217
				218	<p>A Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (<em class="arg">sigma</em>) is used. If <em class="arg">sigma</em> is not given it defaults to 1.</p>
				219
				220	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	221	<h4><a id="adjoin"></a>-adjoin</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	222	</div>
				223
				224	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Join images into a single multi-image file.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				225
				226	<p>This option is enabled by default. An attempt is made to save all
				227	images of an image sequence into the given output file.
				228	However, some formats, such as JPEG and PNG, do not support more than one
				229	image per file, and in that case ImageMagick is forced to write each image as a separate file. As
				230	such, if more than one image needs to be written, the filename given is
				231	modified by adding a <a href="#scene">-scene</a> number before the
				232	suffix, in order to make distinct names for each image. </p>
				233
				234	<p>Use <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> to force each image to be written
				235	to separate files, whether or not the file format allows multiple images
				236	per file (for example, GIF, MIFF, and TIFF). </p>
				237
				238	<p>Including a C-style integer format string in the output filename will automagically enable <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> and are used to specify where the <a href="#scene">-scene</a> number is placed in the filenames. These strings, such as '<kbd>%d</kbd>' or '<kbd>%03d</kbd>', are familiar to those who have used the standard <kbd>printf()</kbd>' C-library function. As an example, the command</p>
				239
				240	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: rose: -morph 15 my%02dmorph.jpg</span></p>
				241	<p>will create a sequence of 17 images named my00morph.jpg, my01morph.jpg, my02morph.jpg, ..., my16morph.jpg.
				242	</p>
				243
				244	<p>In summary, ImageMagick tries to write all images to one file, but will use
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	245	multiple files if either<br />
				246	(1) the output image's file format does not allow multi-image files,<br />
				247	(2) the <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> option is given, or<br />
				248	(3) a printf() integer format string (eg: "%d") is present in the output filename. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	249
				250
				251	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	252	<h4><a id="affine"></a>-affine <em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">r<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">r<sub>y</sub></em>,<em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em>,<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em><br/>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	253	-affine <em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">r<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">r<sub>y</sub></em>,<em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em></h4>
				254	</div>
				255
				256	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the drawing transformation matrix for combined rotating and scaling.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				257
				258	<p>This option sets a transformation matrix, encoded as (<em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em>, <em class="arg">r<sub>x</sub></em>, <em class="arg">r<sub>y</sub></em>, <em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em>, <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>, <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em>), for use by subsequent <a href="#draw">-draw</a> or <a href="#transform">-transform</a> options.</p>
				259
				260	<p>The matrix entries are entered as comma-separated numeric values <i>with no spaces</i>. </p>
				261
				262	<p>Internally, the transformation matrix has 3x3 elements, but three of them are omitted from the input because they are constant. The new (transformed) coordinates (<em class="arg">x'</em>, <em class="arg">y'</em>) of a pixel at position (<em class="arg">x</em>, <em class="arg">y</em>) in the original image are calculated using the following matrix equation.</p>
				263
				264	<div class="eqn">
				265	<img alt="affine transformation" src="../images/affine.png"/>
				266	</div>
				267
				268	<p>
				269	The size of the resulting image is that of the smallest rectangle that contains the transformed source image. The parameters <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> subsequently shift the image pixels so that those that are moved out of the image area are cut off.</p>
				270
				271	<p>The transformation matrix complies with the left-handed pixel coordinate system: positive <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> directions are rightward and downward, resp.; positive rotation is clockwise.</p>
				272
				273	<p> If the translation coefficients <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> are omotted they default to 0,0. Therefore, four parameters suffice for rotation and scaling without translation.</p>
				274
				275	<p>Scaling by the factors <em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em> in the <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> directions, respectively, is accomplished with the following.</p>
				276
				277	<p class="crtsnip">
				278	-affine <em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em>,0,0,<em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em>
				279	</p>
				280
				281	<p>Translation by a displacement (<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>, <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em>) is accomplished like so:</p>
				282
				283	<p class="crtsnip">
				284	-affine 1,0,0,1,<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em>
				285	</p>
				286
				287	<p>Rotate clockwise about the origin (the upper left-hand corner) by an angle <em>a</em> by letting
				288	<em>c</em> = cos(<em>a</em>), <em>s</em> = sin(<em>a</em>), and using the following.</p>
				289
				290	<p class="crtsnip">
				291	-affine <em>c</em>,<em>s</em>,-<em>s</em>,<em>c</em>
				292	</p>
				293
				294	<p>The cumulative effect of a sequence of <a href="#affine" >-affine</a> transformations can be accomplished by instead by a single <a href="#affine" >-affine</a> operation using the matrix equal to the product of the matrices of the individual transformations.</p>
				295
				296	<p>An attempt is made to detect near-singular transformation matrices. If the matrix determinant has a sufficiently small absolute value it is rejected.</p>
				297
				298	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	299	<h4><a id="alpha"></a>-alpha <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	300	</div>
				301
				302	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Gives control of the alpha/matte channel of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				303
				304	<p>Used to set a flag on an image indicating whether or not to use existing alpha
				305	channel data, to create an alpha channel, or to perform other operations on the alpha channel. Choose the argument <em class="arg">type</em> from the list below.</p>
				306
				307
				308	<table class="doc">
				309	<tbody>
				310	<tr valign="top">
				311	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">type</th>
				312	<th align="left">Description</th>
				313	</tr>
				314
				315	<tr valign="top">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	316	<td valign="top"><kbd>Activate</kbd> or <kbd>On</kbd></td>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	317	<td valign="top">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	318	Enable the image's transparency channel. Note normally <kbd>Set</kbd>
				319	should be used instead of this, unless you specifically need to
				320	preserve existing (but specifically turned <kbd>Off</kbd>) transparency
				321	channel. </td></tr>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	322
				323	<tr valign="top">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	324	<td valign="top"><kbd>Deactivate</kbd> or <kbd>Off</kbd></td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	325	<td valign="top">
				326	Disables the image's transparency channel. Does not delete or change the
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	327	existing data, just turns off the use of that data.</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	328
				329	<tr valign="top">
				330	<td valign="top"><kbd>Set</kbd></td>
				331	<td valign="top">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	332	Activates the alpha/matte channel. If it was previously turned off
				333	then it also resets the channel to opaque. If the image already had
				334	the alpha channel turned on, it will have no effect.</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	335
				336	<tr valign="top">
				337	<td valign="top"><kbd>Opaque</kbd></td>
				338	<td valign="top">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	339	Enables the alpha/matte channel and forces it to be fully opaque.
				340	</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	341
				342	<tr valign="top">
				343	<td valign="top"><kbd>Transparent</kbd></td>
				344	<td valign="top">
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	345	Activates the alpha/matte channel and forces it to be fully
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	346	transparent. This effectively creates a fully transparent image the
				347	same size as the original and with all its original RGB data still
				348	intact, but fully transparent. </td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	349
				350	<tr valign="top">
				351	<td valign="top"><kbd>Extract</kbd></td>
				352	<td valign="top">
				353	Copies the alpha channel values into all the color channels and turns
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	354	'<kbd>Off</kbd>' the the image's transparency, so as to generate
				355	a gray-scale mask of the image's shape. The alpha channel data is left
				356	intact just deactivated. This is the inverse of '<kbd>Copy</kbd>'.
				357	</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	358
				359	<tr valign="top">
				360	<td valign="top"><kbd>Copy</kbd></td>
				361	<td valign="top">
				362	Turns '<kbd>On</kbd>' the alpha/matte channel, then copies the
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	363	gray-scale intensity of the image, into the alpha channel, converting
				364	a gray-scale mask into a transparent shaped mask ready to be colored
				365	appropriately. The color channels are not modified. </td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	366
				367	<tr valign="top">
				368	<td valign="top"><kbd>Shape</kbd></td>
				369	<td valign="top">
				370	As per '<kbd>Copy</kbd>' but also colors the resulting shape mask with
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	371	the current background color. That is the RGB color channels is
				372	replaced, with appropriate alpha shape.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	373	</td></tr>
				374
				375	<tr valign="top">
				376	<td valign="top"><kbd>Background</kbd></td>
				377	<td valign="top">
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	378	Set any fully-transparent pixel to the background color, while leaving
				379	it fully-transparent. This can make some image file formats, such as
				380	PNG, smaller as the RGB values of transparent pixels are more uniform,
				381	and thus can compress better.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	382	</td></tr>
				383	</tbody>
				384	</table>
				385
				386	<p>Note that while the <a href="#matte" >+matte</a> operation is the same as
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	387	"<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> Off</kbd>", the <a href="#matte"
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	388	>-matte</a> operation is the same as "<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a>
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	389	Set</kbd>" and not "<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> On</kbd>". </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	390
				391
				392	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	393	<h4><a id="annotate"></a>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	394	-annotate <em class="arg">degrees</em> <em class="arg">text</em><br />
				395	-annotate <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em>x<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> <em class="arg">text</em><br />
				396	-annotate <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em>x<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> {+-}<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>{+-}<em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> <em class="arg">text</em></h4>
				397	</div>
				398
				399	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Annotate an image with text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				400
				401	<p>This is a convenience for annotating an image with text. For more precise control over text annotations, use <a href="#draw">-draw</a>.</p>
				402
				403
				404	<p>The values <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em> and <em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> control the shears with respect to the , respectively, applied to the text, while <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> are offsets that give the location of the text relative to the upper left corner of the image.</p>
				405
				406	<p>Using <a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> <em class="arg">degrees</em> or <a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> <em class="arg">degrees</em>x<em class="arg">degrees</em> produces an unsheared rotation of the text. The direction of the rotation is positive, which means a clockwise rotation if <em class="arg">degrees</em> is positive. (This conforms to the usual mathematical convention once it is realized that the positive <em>y</em>–direction is conventionally considered to be <em>downward</em> for images.)</p>
				407
				408	<p>The new (transformed) coordinates (<em class="arg">x'</em>, <em class="arg">y'</em>) of a pixel at position (<em class="arg">x</em>, <em class="arg">y</em>) in the image are calculated using the following matrix equation.</p>
				409	<div class="eqn"><img alt="annotate transformation" src="../images/annotate.png"/></div>
				410
				411	<p>If <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> are omitted, they default to 0. This makes the bottom-left of the text becomes the upper-left corner of the image, which is probably undesirable. Adding a <a href="#gravity" >-gravity</a> option in this case leads to nice results.</p>
				412
				413	<p>Text is any UTF-8 encoded character sequence. If <em class="arg">text</em> is of the form '@mytext.txt', the text is read from the file <kbd>mytext.txt</kbd>. Text in a file is taken literally; no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
				414
				415	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	416	<h4><a id="antialias"></a>-antialias</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	417	</div>
				418
				419	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Enable/Disable of the rendering of anti-aliasing pixels when
				420	drawing fonts and lines.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				421
				422	<p>By default, objects (e.g. text, lines, polygons, etc.) are antialiased when
				423	drawn. Use <a href="#antialias">+antialias</a> to disable the addition of
				424	antialiasing edge pixels. This will then reduce the number of colors added to
				425	an image to just the colors being directly drawn. That is, no mixed colors
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	426	are added when drawing such objects. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	427
				428	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	429	<h4><a id="append"></a>-append</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	430	</div>
				431
				432	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Join current images vertically or horizontally.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				433
				434	<p>This option creates a single longer image image, by joining all the current
				435	images in sequence top-to-bottom. Use <a href="#append">+append</a> to
				436	stack images left-to-right. </p>
				437
				438	<p>If they are not of the same width, narrower images are padded with the
				439	current <a href="#background">-background</a> color setting, and their
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	440	position relative to each other can be controlled by the current <a
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	441	href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting. </p>
				442
				443
				444	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	445	<h4><a id="attenuate"></a>-attenuate <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	446	</div>
				447
				448	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Lessen (or intensify) when adding noise to an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				449
				450
				451	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	452	<h4><a id="authenticate"></a>-authenticate <em class="arg">password</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	453	</div>
				454
				455	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Decrypt a PDF with a password.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				456
				457	<p>Use this option to supply a <em class="arg">password</em> for decrypting a PDF that has been encrypted using Microsoft Crypto API (MSC API). The encrypting using the MSC API is not supported.</p>
				458
				459	<p>For a different encryption method, see <a href="#encipher">-encipher</a> and <a href="#decipher">-decipher</a>. </p>
				460
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	461
				462
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	463	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	464	<h4><a id="auto-gamma"></a>-auto-gamma</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	465	</div>
				466
				467	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Automagically adjust gamma level of image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				468
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	469	<p>This calculates the mean values of an image, then applies a calculated <a
				470	href="#gamma" >-gamma</a> adjustment so that is the mean color exists in the
				471	image it will get a have a value of 50%. </p>
				472
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	473	<p>This means that any solid 'gray' image becomes 50% gray. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	474
				475	<p>This works well for real-life images with little or no extreme dark and
				476	light areas, but tend to fail for images with large amounts of bright sky or
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	477	dark shadows. It also does not work well for diagrams or cartoon like images.
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	478	</p>
				479
				480	<p>It uses the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting, (including the
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	481	'<em>sync</em>' flag for channel syncronization), to determine which color
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	482	values is used and modified. As the default <a href="#channel"
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	483	>-channel</a> setting is '<em>RGB,sync</em>', channels are modified
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	484	together by the same gamma value, preserving colors. </p>
				485
				486
				487
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	488	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	489	<h4><a id="auto-level"></a>-auto-level</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	490	</div>
				491
				492	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Automagically adjust color levels of image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				493
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	494	<p>This is a 'perfect' image normalization operator. It finds the exact
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	495	minimum and maximum color values in the image and then applies a <a
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	496	href="#level" >-level</a> operator to stretch the values to the full range of
				497	values. </p>
				498
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	499	<p>The operator is not typically used for real-life images, image scans, or
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	500	JPEG format images, as a single 'out-rider' pixel can set a bad min/max values
				501	for the <a href="#level" >-level</a> operation. On the other hand it is the
				502	right operator to use for color stretching gradient images being used to
				503	generate Color lookup tables, distortion maps, or other 'mathematically'
				504	defined images. </p>
				505
				506	<p>The operator is very similar to the <a href="#normalize">-normalize</a>, <a
				507	href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a>, and <a href="#linear-stretch"
				508	>-linear-stretch</a> operators, but without 'histogram binning' or 'clipping'
				509	problems that these operators may have. That is <a href="#auto-level"
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	510	>-auto-level</a> is the perfect or ideal version these operators. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	511
				512	<p>It uses the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting, (including the
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	513	special '<em>sync</em>' flag for channel syncronization), to determine
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	514	which color values are used and modified. As the default <a
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	515	href="#channel" >+channel</a> setting is '<em>RGB,sync</em>', the
				516	'<em>sync</em>' ensures that the color channels will are modified
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	517	together by the same gamma value, preserving colors, and ignoring
				518	transparency. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	519
				520
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	521	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	522	<h4><a id="auto-orient"></a>-auto-orient</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	523	</div>
				524
				525	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Automagically orient (rotate) an image created by a digital camera.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				526
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	527	<p>This operator reads and resets the EXIF image profile setting 'Orientation'
				528	and then performs the appropriate 90 degree rotation on the image to orient
				529	the image, for correct viewing. </p>
				530
				531	<p>This EXIF profile setting is usually set using a gravity sensor in digital
				532	camara, however photos taken directly downward or upward may not have an
				533	appropriate value. Also images that have been orientation 'corrected' without
				534	reseting this setting, may be 'corrected' again resulting in a incorrect
				535	result. If the he EXIF profile was previously stripped, the <a
				536	href="#auto-orient" >-auto-orient</a> operator will do nothing. </p>
				537
				538
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	539	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	540	<h4><a id="average"></a>-average</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	541	</div>
				542
				543	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Average a set of images.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				544
				545	<p>An error results if the images are not identically sized.</p>
				546
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	547
				548	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	549	<h4><a id="backdrop"></a>-backdrop</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	550	</div>
				551
				552	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Display the image centered on a backdrop.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				553
				554	<p>This backdrop covers the entire workstation screen and is useful for hiding other X window activity while viewing the image. The color of the backdrop is specified as the background color. The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				555
				556	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	557	<h4><a id="background"></a>-background <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	558	</div>
				559
				560	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the background color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				561
				562	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option. The default background color (if none is specified or found in the image) is white.</p>
				563
				564	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	565	<h4><a id="bench"></a>-bench <em class="arg">iterations</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	566	</div>
				567
				568	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Measure performance.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				569
cristy	e637813	2009-10-26 20:05:17 +0000	[diff] [blame]	570	<p>Repeat the entire command for the given number of <em class="arg">iterations</em> and report the user-time and elapsed time. For instance, consider the following command and its output. Modify the benchmark with the -duration to run the benchmark for a fixed number of seconds and -concurrent to run the benchmark in parallel (requires the OpenMP feature).</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	571
cristy	e637813	2009-10-26 20:05:17 +0000	[diff] [blame]	572	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -resize 1000% -bench 5 logo.png</span><span class='crtout'>Performance: 5i 0.875657ips 6.880u 0:05.710</span></p>
				573	<p>In this example, 5 iterations were completed at 0.875657 iterations per second, using 6.88 seconds of the user's allotted time, for a total elapsed time of 5.71 seconds.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	574
				575	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	576	<h4><a id="bias"></a>-bias <em class="arg">value</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	577	</div>
				578
				579	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Add bias when convolving an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				580
				581	<p>This option shifts the output of <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#convolve">‑convolve</a> so that positive and negative results are relative to the specified bias value. </p>
				582
				583	<p>This is important for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick when dealing with convolutions that contain negative as well as positive values. This is especially the case with convolutions involving high pass filters or edge detection. Without an output bias, the negative values are clipped at zero.</p>
				584
				585	<p>When using an ImageMagick with the HDRI compile-time setting, <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> is not needed, as ImageMagick is able to store/handle any
				586	negative results without clipping to the color value range
				587	(0..QuantumRange).</p>
				588
				589	<p>See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page
				590	<a href="/www/high-dynamic-range.html">High Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri">Usage</a> pages or this <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a> entry.
				591	</p>
				592
				593	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	594	<h4><a id="black-point-compensation"></a>-black-point-compensation</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	595	</div>
				596
				597	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Use black point compensation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				598
				599	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	600	<h4><a id="black-threshold"></a>-black-threshold <em class="arg">value</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	601	</div>
				602
cristy	5cadd61	2009-09-21 19:33:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	603	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Force to black all pixels below the threshold while leaving all pixels at or above the threshold unchanged.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				604
				605	<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer value within [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>] corresponding to the desired <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a> value. See <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a> for more details on thresholds and resulting values.
				606	</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	607
				608
				609	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	610	<h4><a id="blend"></a>-blend <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	611	</div>
				612
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	613	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>blend an image into another by the given absolute value or percent.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	614
				615	<p>Blend will average the images together ('plus') according to the
				616	percentages given and each pixels transparency. If only a single percentage
				617	value is given it sets the weight of the composite or 'source' image, while
				618	the background image is weighted by the exact opposite amount. That is a
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	619	<kbd>-blend 30%</kbd> merges 30% of the 'source' image with 70% of the
				620	'destination' image. Thus it is equivalent to <kbd>-blend 30x70%</kbd>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	621
				622
				623	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	624	<h4><a id="blue-primary"></a>-blue-primary <em class="arg">x</em>,<em class="arg">y</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	625	</div>
				626
				627	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the blue chromaticity primary point.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				628
				629	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	630	<h4><a id="blue-shift"></a>-blue-shift <em class="arg">factor</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	631	</div>
				632
				633	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate a scene at nighttime in the moonlight. Start with a factor of 1.5</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				634
				635	<div style="margin: auto;">
				636
				637	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	638	<h4><a id="blur"></a>-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	639	</div>
				640
				641	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Reduce image noise and reduce detail levels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				642
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	643	<p>Convolve the image with a Gaussian or normal distribution using the given
				644	<em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value. The formula is:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	645
				646	<div class="eqn"><img alt="gaussian distribution" width="243px" height="42px" src="../images/gaussian-blur.png"/>
				647	</div>
				648
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	649	<p>The <em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value is the important argument, and
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	650	determines the actual amount of blurring that will take place. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	651
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	652	<p>The <em class="arg" >Radius</em> is only used to determine the size of the
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	653	array which will hold the calculated Gaussian distribution. It should be an
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	654	integer. If not given, or set to zero, IM will calculate the largest possible
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	655	radius that will provide meaningful results for the Gaussian distribution.
				656	</p>
				657
				658	<p>The larger the <em class="arg" >Radius</em> the radius the slower the
				659	operation is. However too small a <em class="arg" >Radius</em>, and sever
				660	aliasing effects may result. As a guideline, <em class="arg" >Radius</em>
				661	should be at least twice the <em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value, though three
				662	times will produce a more accurite result. </p>
				663
				664	<p>This option differs from <a href="#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a> simply
				665	by taking advantage of the separability properties of the distribution. Here
				666	we apply a single-dimensional Gaussian matrix in the horizontal direction,
				667	then repeat the process in the vertical direction.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	668
				669	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				670	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				671	</p>
				672
				673
				674	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	675	<h4>-blur <em class="arg">Width</em>[x<em class="arg">Height</em>[+<em class="arg">Angle</em>]]</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	676	</div>
				677
				678	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Variably blur and image according to the overlay mapping.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				679
				680	<p>Each pixel in the overlaid region is replaced with an Elliptical Weighted
				681	Average (EWA) of the source image, scaled according to the grayscale
				682	mapping. </p>
				683
				684	<p>The ellipse is weighted with sigma set to the given <em class="arg"
				685	>Width</em> and <em class="arg" >Height</em>. The <em class="arg" >Height</em>
				686	defaults to the <em class="arg" >Width</em> for a normal circular Guassian
				687	weighting. The <em class="arg" >Angle</em> will rotate the ellipse from
				688	horizontal clock-wise. </p>
				689
				690	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				691	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				692	</p>
				693
				694
				695	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	696	<h4><a id="border"></a>-border <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	697	</div>
				698
				699	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Surround the image with a border of color. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				700
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	701	<p>Set the width and height using the <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the
				702	<em class="arg">gravity</em> argument. See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets are
				703	ignored. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	704
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	705	<p>Set the border color by preceding with the <a
				706	href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	707
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	708	<p>The <a href="#border">-border</a> operation is affected by the current <a
				709	href="#compose">-compose</a> setting and assumes that this is using the default
				710	'<kbd>Over</kbd>' composition method. It generates a image of the appropriate
				711	size colors by the current <a href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> before
				712	overlaying the original image in the center of this net image. This means that
				713	with the default compose method of '<kbd>Over</kbd>' any transparent parts may
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	714	be replaced by the current <a href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	715	<p>See also the <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option, which has more
				716	functionality.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	717
				718	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	719	<h4><a id="bordercolor"></a>-bordercolor <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	720	</div>
				721
				722	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the border color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				723
				724	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				725
				726	<p>The default border color is <kbd>#DFDFDF</kbd>, <span style="background-color: #dfdfdf;">this shade of gray</span>.</p>
				727
				728	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	729	<h4><a id="borderwidth"></a>-borderwidth <em class="arg">geometry</em> </h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	730	</div>
				731
				732	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the border width.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				733
				734	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	735	<h4><a id="brightness-contrast"></a>-brightness-contrast <em class="arg">brightness</em><br />-brightness-contrast <em class="arg">brightness</em>{x<em class="arg">contrast</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}}</h4>
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	736	</div>
				737
				738	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adjust the brightness and/or contrast of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				739
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	740	<p>Brightness and Contrast values apply changes to the input image. They are
				741	not absolute settings. A brightness or contrast value of zero means no change.
				742	The range of values is -100 to +100 on each. Positive values increase the
				743	brightness or contrast and negative values decrease the brightness or contrast.
				744	To control only contrast, set the brightness=0. To control only brightness,
				745	set contrast=0 or just leave it off.</p>
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	746
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	747	<p>You may also use <a href="#fill">-channel</a> to control which channels to
				748	apply the brightness and/or contrast change. The default is to apply the same
				749	transformation to all channels.</p>
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	750
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	751	<p>Brightness and Contrast arguments are converted to offset and slope of a
				752	linear transform and applied
				753	using <a href="#fill">-function polynomial "slope,offset"</a>.</p>
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	754
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	755	<p>The slope varies from 0 at contrast=-100 to almost vertical at
				756	contrast=+100. For brightness=0 and contrast=-100, the result are totally
				757	midgray. For brightness=0 and contrast=+100, the result will approach but
				758	not quite reach a threshold at midgray; that is the linear transformation
				759	is a very steep vertical line at mid gray.</p>
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	760
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	761	<p>Negative slopes, i.e. negating the image, are not possible with this
				762	function. All achievable slopes are zero or positive.</p>
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	763
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	764	<p>The offset varies from -0.5 at brightness=-100 to 0 at brightness=0 to +0.5
				765	at brightness=+100. Thus, when contrast=0 and brightness=100, the result is
				766	totally white. Similarly, when contrast=0 and brightness=-100, the result is
				767	totally black.</p>
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	768
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	769	<p>As the range of values for the arguments are -100 to +100, adding the '%'
				770	symbol is no different than leaving it off.</p>
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	771
				772	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	773	<h4><a id="cache"></a>-cache <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	774	</div>
				775
				776	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>(This option has been replaced by the <a href='#limit'>-limit</a> option.)</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				777
				778	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	779	<h4><a id="caption"></a>-caption <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	780	</div>
				781
				782	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Assign a caption to an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				783
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	784	<p>This option sets the caption meta-data of an image read in after this
				785	option has been given. To modify a caption of images already in memory use
				786	"<kbd><a href="#set">-set</a> caption</kbd>". </p>
				787
				788	<p>The caption can contain special format characters listed in the <a
				789	href="../www/escape.html">Format and
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	790	Print Image Properties</a>. These attributes are expanded when the caption
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	791	is finally assigned to the individual images. </p>
				792
				793	<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">string</em> is <em
				794	class="arg">@</em>, the image caption is read from a file titled by the
				795	remaining characters in the string. Comments read in from a file are literal;
				796	no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
				797
				798	<p>Caption meta-data ais not visible on the image itself. To do that use the
				799	<a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> or <a href="#draw">-draw</a> options
				800	instead.</p>
				801
				802	<p>For example,</p>
				803
				804	<p class="crtsnip">
				805	-caption "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff
				806	</p>
				807
				808	<p>produces an image caption of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> (assuming
				809	that the image <kbd>bird.miff</kbd> has a width of 512 and a height of
				810	480.</p>
				811
				812
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	813	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	814	<h4><a id="cdl"></a>-cdl <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	815	</div>
				816
				817	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>color correct with a color decision list.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				818
				819	<p>Here is an example color correction collection:</p>
				820
				821	<pre class="text">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	822	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
				823	<ColorCorrectionCollection xmlns="urn:ASC:CDL:v1.2">
				824	<ColorCorrection id="cc06668">
				825	<SOPNode>
				826	<Slope> 0.9 1.2 0.5 </Slope>
				827	<Offset> 0.4 -0.5 0.6 </Offset>
				828	<Power> 1.0 0.8 1.5 </Power>
				829	</SOPNode>
				830	<SATNode>
				831	<Saturation> 0.85 </Saturation>
				832	</SATNode>
				833	</ColorCorrection>
				834	</ColorCorrectionCollection>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	835	</pre>
				836
				837	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	838	<h4><a id="channel"></a>-channel <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	839	</div>
				840
				841	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify those image color channels to which subsequent operators are limited.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				842
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	843	<p>Choose from: <kbd>Red</kbd>, <kbd>Green</kbd>, <kbd>Blue</kbd>,
				844	<kbd>Alpha</kbd>, <kbd>Cyan</kbd>, <kbd>Magenta</kbd>, <kbd>Yellow</kbd>,
				845	<kbd>Black</kbd>, <kbd>Opacity</kbd>, <kbd>Index</kbd>, <kbd>RGB</kbd>,
				846	<kbd>RGBA</kbd>, <kbd>CMYK</kbd>, or <kbd>CMYKA</kbd>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	847
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	848	<p>The channels above can also be specified as a comma-separated list or can be
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	849	abbreviated as a concatenation of the letters '<kbd>R</kbd>', '<kbd>G</kbd>',
				850	'<kbd>B</kbd>', '<kbd>A</kbd>', '<kbd>O</kbd>', '<kbd>C</kbd>',
				851	'<kbd>M</kbd>', '<kbd>Y</kbd>', '<kbd>K</kbd>'.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	852
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	853	For example, to only select the <kbd>Red</kbd> and <kbd>Blue</kbd> channels
				854	you can either use </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	855	<p class="crtsnip">
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	856	-channel Red,Blue
				857	</p>
				858	<p>or you can use the short hand form</p>
				859	<p class="crtsnip">
				860	-channel RB
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	861	</p>
				862
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	863	<p>All the channels that is present in an image can be specified using the
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	864	special channel type <kbd>All</kbd>. Not all operators are 'channel capable',
				865	but generally any operators that are generally 'grey-scale' image operators,
				866	will understand this setting. See individual operator documentation. </p>
				867
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	868	<br />
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	869
				870	<p>On top of the normal channel selection a extra flag can be specified,
				871	'<kbd>Sync</kbd>'. This is turned on by default and if set means that
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	872	operators that understand this flag should perform: cross-channel
				873	syncronization of the channels. If not specified, then most grey-scale
				874	operators will apply their image processing operations to each individual
				875	channel (as specified by the rest of the <a href="#channel">-channel</a>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	876	setting) completely independently from each other. </p>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	877
				878	<p>For example for operators such as <a href="#auto-level">-auto-level</a> and
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	879	<a href="#auto-gamma">-auto-gamma</a> the color channels are modified
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	880	together in exactly the same way so that colors will remain in-sync. Without
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	881	it being set, then each channel is modified separately and
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	882	independently, which may produce color distortion. </p>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	883
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	884	<p>The <a href="#morphology">-morphology</a> '<kbd>Convolve</kbd>' method
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	885	and the <a href="#compose">-compose</a> mathematical methods, also understands
				886	the '<kbd>Sync</kbd>' flag to modify the behaviour of pixel colors according
				887	to the alpha channel (if present). That is to say it will modify the image
				888	processing with the understanding that fully-transparent colors should not
				889	contribute to the final result. </p>
				890
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	891	<p>Basically, by default, operators work with color channels in syncronous, and
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	892	treats transparency as special, unless the <a href="#channel">-channel</a>
				893	setting is modified so as to remove the effect of the '<kbd>Sync</kbd>' flag.
				894	How each operator does this depends on that operators current implementation.
				895	Not all operators understands this flag at this time, but that is changing.
				896	</p>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	897
				898	<p>To print a complete list of channel types, use <a href="#list">-list
				899	channel</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	900
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	901	<br />
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	902
				903	<p>By default, ImageMagick sets <a href="#channel">-channel</a> to the value
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	904	'<kbd>RGBK,sync</kbd>', which specifies that operators act on all color
				905	channels except the transparency channel, and that all the color channels are
				906	to be modified in exactly the same way, with a understanding of transprancy
				907	(depending on the operation being applied). The 'plus' form <a
				908	href="#channel" >+channel</a> will reset the value back to this default. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	909
				910	<p>Options that are affected by the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting
				911	include the following.
				912
				913	<a href="#auto-gamma">-auto-gamma</a>,
				914	<a href="#auto-level">-auto-level</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	915	<a href="#black-threshold">-black-threshold</a>,
				916	<a href="#blur">-blur</a>,
cristy	b4c03bb	2009-09-27 13:55:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	917	<a href="#clamp">-clamp</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	918	<a href="#clut">-clut</a>,
				919	<a href="#combine">-combine</a>,
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	920	<a href="#composite">-composite</a> (Mathematical compose methods only),
				921	<a href="#convolve">-convolve</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	922	<a href="#contrast-stretch">-contrast-stretch</a>,
				923	<a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a>,
				924	<a href="#function">-function</a>,
				925	<a href="#fx">-fx</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	926	<a href="#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a>,
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	927	<a href="#hald-clut">-hald-clut</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	928	<a href="#motion-blur">-motion-blur</a>,
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	929	<a href="#morphology">-morphology</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	930	<a href="#negate">-negate</a>,
				931	<a href="#normalize">-normalize</a>,
				932	<a href="#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a>,
				933	<a href="#radial-blur">-radial-blur</a>,
				934	<a href="#random-threshold">-random-threshold</a>,
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	935	<a href="#separate">-separate</a>,
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	936	<a href="#threshold">-threshold</a>, and
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	937	<a href="#white-threshold">-white-threshold</a>.
				938	</p>
				939
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	940	<p>Warning, some operators behave differently when the <a href="#channel"
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	941	>+channel</a> default setting is in effect, verses ANY user defined <a
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	942	href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting (including the equivalent of the
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	943	default). These operators have yet to be made to understand the newer 'Sync'
				944	flag. </p>
				945
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	946	<p>For example <a href="#threshold">-threshold</a> will by default gray-scale
				947	the image before thresholding, if no <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting
				948	has been defined. This is not 'Sync flag controlled, yet. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	949
				950	<p>Also some operators such as <a href="#blur">-blur</a>, <a
				951	href="#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a>, will modify their handling of the
				952	color channels if the '<kbd>alpha</kbd>' channel is also enabled by <a
				953	href="#channel" >-channel</a>. Generally this done to ensure that
				954	fully-transparent colors are treated as being fully-transparent, and thus any
				955	underlying 'hidden' color has no effect on the final results. Typically
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	956	resulting in 'halo' effects. The newer <a href="#morphology">-morphology</a>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	957	convolution equivalents however does have a understanding of the 'Sync' flag
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	958	and will thus handle transparency correctly by default. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	959
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	960	<p>As a alpha channel is optional within images, some operators will read the
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	961	color channels of an image as a greyscale alpha mask, when the image has no
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	962	alpha channel present, and the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting tells
				963	the operator to apply the operation using alpha channels. The <a
				964	href="#clut">-clut</a> operator is a good example of this. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	965
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	966
				967	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	968	<h4><a id="clamp"></a>-clamp</h4>
cristy	b4c03bb	2009-09-27 13:55:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	969	</div>
				970
				971	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Restrict image colors from 0 to the quantum depth.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				972
				973	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	974	<h4><a id="charcoal"></a>-charcoal <em class="arg">factor</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	975	</div>
				976
				977	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Simulate a charcoal drawing.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				978
				979	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	980	<h4><a id="chop"></a>-chop <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	981	</div>
				982
				983	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Remove pixels from the interior of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				984
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	985	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <em class="arg">width</em>
				986	and <em class="arg">height</em> given in the of the <em class="arg">size</em>
				987	portion of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument give the number of
				988	columns and rows to remove. The <em class="arg">offset</em> portion of
				989	the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument is influenced by
				990	a <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting, if present.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	991
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	992	<p>The <a href="#chop">-chop</a> option removes entire rows and columns,
				993	and moves the remaining corner blocks leftward and upward to close the gaps.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	994
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	995	<p>While it can remove internal rows and columns of pixels, it is more typically
				996	used with as <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting and a '<kbd>+0+0</kbd>' offset
				997	so as to remove a single edge from an image. Compare this to <a href="#shave"
				998	>-shave</a> whcih removes equal numbers of pixels from oppisite sides of the image.
				999	</p>
				1000
				1001	<p>Using <a href="#chop">-chop</a> will effectivally undo the results of a
				1002	<a href="#splice">-splice</a> that was given the same <em class="arg">geometry</em>
				1003	and <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> settings. </p>
				1004
				1005
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1006	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1007	<h4><a id="clip"></a>-clip</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1008	</div>
				1009
				1010	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply the clipping path if one is present.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1011
				1012	<p>If a clipping path is present, it is applied to subsequent operations.</p>
				1013
				1014	<p>For example, in the command</p>
				1015
				1016	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -clip -negate cockatoo.tif negated.tif</span></p>
				1017	<p>only the pixels within the clipping path are negated.</p>
				1018
				1019	<p>The <a href="#clip">-clip</a> feature requires the XML library. If the XML library is not present, the option is ignored.</p>
				1020
				1021	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1022	<h4><a id="clip-mask"></a>-clip-mask</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1023	</div>
				1024
				1025	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Clip the image as defined by this mask.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1026
				1027	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1028	<h4><a id="clip-path"></a>-clip-path <em class="arg">id</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1029	</div>
				1030
				1031	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Clip along a named path from the 8BImageMagick profile.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1032
				1033	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1034	<h4><a id="clone"></a>-clone <em class="arg">index(s)</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1035	</div>
				1036
				1037	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Make a copy of an image (or images).</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1038
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1039	<p>Inside parenthesis (where the operator is normally used) it will make a
				1040	clone of the images from the last 'pushed' image sequence, and adds them to
				1041	the end of the current image sequence. Outside parenthesis
				1042	(not recommended) it clones the images from the current image sequence. </p>
				1043
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1044	<p>Specify the image by its index in the sequence. The first image is index
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1045	0. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the sequence; for
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1046	example, <kbd>−1</kbd>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1047	represents the last image of the sequence. Specify a range of images with a
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1048	dash (e.g. <kbd>0−4</kbd>). Separate multiple indexes with commas but no
				1049	spaces (e.g. <kbd>0,2,5</kbd>). A value of '<kbd>0−−1</kbd> will
				1050	effectivally clone all the images. </p>
				1051
				1052	<p>The <a href="#clone">+clone</a> will simply make a copy of the last image
				1053	in the image sequence, and is thus equivelent to using a argument of
				1054	'<kbd>−1</kbd>'. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1055
				1056	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1057	<h4><a id="clut"></a>-clut</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1058	</div>
				1059
				1060	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Replace the channel values in the first image using each
				1061	corresponding channel in the second image as a <b>c</b>olor
				1062	<b>l</b>ook<b>u</b>p <b>t</b>able.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1063
				1064	<p>The second (LUT) image is ordinarily a gradient image containing the
				1065	histogram mapping of how each channel should be modified. Typically it is a
				1066	either a single row or column image of replacement color values. If larger
				1067	than a single row or column, values are taken from a diagonal line from
				1068	top-left to bottom-right corners.</p>
				1069
				1070	<p>The lookup is further controlled by the <a
				1071	href="#interpolate">-interpolate</a> setting, which is especially handy for an
				1072	LUT which is not the full length needed by the ImageMagick installed Quality
				1073	(Q) level. Good settings for this are the '<kbd>bilinear</kbd>' and
				1074	'<kbd>bicubic</kbd>' interpolation settings, which give smooth color
				1075	gradients, and the '<kbd>integer</kbd>' setting for a direct, unsmoothed
				1076	lookup of color values. </p>
				1077
				1078	<p>This operator is especially suited to replacing a grayscale image with a
				1079	specific color gradient from the CLUT image. </p>
				1080
				1081	<p>Only the channel values defined by the <a href="#channel">-channel</a>
				1082	setting will have their values replaced. In particular, since the default <a
				1083	href="#channel">-channel</a> setting is <kbd>RGB</kbd>, this means that
				1084	transparency (alpha/matte channel) is not affected, unless the <a
				1085	href="#channel">-channel</a> setting is modified. When the alpha channel is
				1086	set, it is treated by the <a href="#clut" >-clut</a> operator in the same way
				1087	as the other channels, implying that alpha/matte values are replaced using the
				1088	alpha/matte values of the original image. </p>
				1089
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1090	<p>If either the image being modified, or the lookup image, contains no
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1091	transparency (i.e. <a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> is turned 'off') but the <a
				1092	href="#channel">-channel</a> setting includes alpha replacement, then it is
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1093	assumed that image represents a gray-scale gradient which is used for the
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1094	replacement alpha values. That is you can use a gray-scale CLUT image to
				1095	adjust a existing images alpha channel, or you can color a gray-scale image
				1096	using colors form CLUT containing the desired colors, including transparency.
				1097	</p>
				1098
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1099	<p>See also <a href="#hald-clut" >-hald-clut</a> which replaces colors
				1100	according to the lookup of the full color RGB value from a 2D representation
				1101	of a 3D color cube. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1102
				1103
				1104	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1105	<h4><a id="coalesce"></a>-coalesce</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1106	</div>
				1107
				1108	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Fully define the look of each frame of an GIF animation sequence, to form a 'film strip' animation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1109
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1110	<p>Overlay each image in an image sequence according to
				1111	its <a href="#dispose">-dispose</a> meta-data, to reproduce the look of
				1112	an animation at each point in the animation sequence. All images should be
				1113	the same size, and are assigned appropriate GIF disposal settings for the
				1114	animation to continue working as expected as a GIF animation. Such frames
				1115	are more easily viewed and processed than the highly optimized GIF overlay
				1116	images. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1117
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1118	<p>The animation can be re-optimized after processing using
				1119	the <a href="#layers">-layers</a> method '<kbd>optimize</kbd>', although
				1120	there is no guarantee that the restored GIF animation optimization is
				1121	better than the original. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1122
				1123
				1124	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1125	<h4><a id="colorize"></a>-colorize <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1126	</div>
				1127
				1128	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Colorize the image by an amount specified by <em class="arg">value</em> using the color specified by the most recent <a href="#fill" >-fill</a> setting.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1129
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1130	<p>Specify the amount of colorization as a percentage. Separate colorization
				1131	values can be applied to the red, green, and blue channels of the image with
				1132	a comma-delimited list of colorization
				1133	values (e.g., <kbd>-colorize 0,0,50</kbd>).</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1134
				1135	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1136	<h4><a id="colormap"></a>-colormap <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1137	</div>
				1138
				1139	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Define the colormap type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				1140
				1141	<p>The <em class="arg">type</em> can be <kbd>shared</kbd> or <kbd>private</kbd>.</p>
				1142
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1143	<p>This option only applies when the default X server visual
				1144	is <kbd>PseudoColor</kbd> or <kbd>GrayScale</kbd>. Refer
				1145	to <a href="#visual">-visual</a> for more details. By default,
				1146	a shared colormap is allocated. The image shares colors with
				1147	other X clients. Some image colors could be approximated,
				1148	therefore your image may look very different than intended.
				1149	If <kbd>private</kbd> is chosen, the image colors appear exactly
				1150	as they are defined. However, other clients may go <em>technicolor</em>
				1151	when the image colormap is installed.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1152
				1153	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1154	<h4><a id="colors"></a>-colors <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1155	</div>
				1156
				1157	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the preferred number of colors in the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1158
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1159	<p>The actual number of colors in the image may be less than your request,
				1160	but never more. Note that this a color reduction option. Images with fewer
				1161	unique colors than specified by <em class="arg">value</em> will have any
				1162	duplicate or unused colors removed. The ordering of an existing color
				1163	palette may be altered. When converting an image from color to grayscale,
				1164	it is more efficient to convert the image to the gray colorspace before
				1165	reducing the number of colors. Refer to
				1166	the <a href="../www/quantize.html">
				1167	color reduction algorithm</a> for more details.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1168
				1169	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1170	<h4><a id="color-matrix"></a>-color-matrix <em class="arg">matrix</em></h4>
cristy	2c83960	2010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1171	</div>
				1172
				1173	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply color correction to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1174
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1175	<p>This option permits saturation changes, hue rotation, luminance to alpha,
				1176	and various other effects. Although variable-sized transformation matrices
				1177	can be used, typically one uses a 5x5 matrix for an RGBA image and a 6x6
				1178	for CMYKA (or RGBA with offsets). The matrix is similar to those used by
				1179	Adobe Flash except offsets are in column 6 rather than 5 (in support of
				1180	CMYKA images) and offsets are normalized (divide Flash offset by 255).</p>
cristy	2c83960	2010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1181
				1182	<p>As an example, to add contrast to an image with offsets, try this command:</p>
				1183
				1184	<pre class="text">
				1185	convert kittens.jpg -color-matrix \
				1186	" 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \
				1187	0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \
				1188	0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \
				1189	0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0, 0.0, 0.0 \
				1190	0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 \
				1191	0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0, 0.0, 1.0" kittens.png
				1192	</pre>
				1193	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1194	<h4><a id="colorspace"></a>-colorspace <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1195	</div>
				1196
				1197	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the image colorspace.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1198
				1199	<p>Choices are:</p>
				1200
				1201	<pre class="text">
				1202	CMY
				1203	CMYK
				1204	Gray
				1205	HSB
				1206	HSL
				1207	HWB
				1208	Lab
				1209	Log
				1210	OHTA
				1211	Rec601Luma
				1212	Rec601YCbCr
				1213	Rec709Luma
				1214	Rec709YCbCr
				1215	RGB
				1216	sRGB
				1217	Transparent
				1218	XYZ
				1219	YCbCr
				1220	YCC
				1221	YIQ
				1222	YPbPr
				1223	YUV
				1224	</pre>
				1225
				1226	<p>To print a complete list of colorspaces, use <a href="#list">-list colorspace</a>.</p>
				1227
				1228	<p>For a more accurate color conversion to or from the RGB, CMYK, or grayscale colorspaces, use the <a href="#profile">-profile</a> option.</p>
				1229
				1230	<table class="doc">
				1231	<caption>Conversion Of RGB To Other Color Spaces</caption>
				1232	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">CMY</th></tr>
				1233	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−R</td></tr>
				1234	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">M=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−G</td></tr>
				1235	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−B</td></tr>
				1236	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">CMYK — starts with CMY from above</th></tr>
				1237	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">K=min(C,Y,M)</td></tr>
				1238	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>*(C−K)/(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−K)</td></tr>
				1239	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">M=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>*(M−K)/(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−K)</td></tr>
				1240	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>*(Y−K)/(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−K)</td></tr>
				1241
				1242	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Gray</th></tr>
				1243	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Gray = 0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B</td></tr>
				1244
				1245	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">HSB — Hue, Saturation, Brightness; like a cone peak downward</th></tr>
				1246	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">H=angle around perimeter (0 to 360 deg); H=0 is red; increasing angles toward green</td></tr>
				1247	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">S=distance from axis outward</td></tr>
				1248	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">B=distance along axis from bottom upward; B=max(R,G,B); <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1249
				1250	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">HSL — Hue, Saturation, Lightness; like a double cone end-to-end with peaks at very top and bottom</th></tr>
				1251	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">H=angle around perimeter (0 to 360 deg); H=0 is red; increasing angles toward green</td></tr>
				1252	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">S=distance from axis outward</td></tr>
				1253	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">L=distance along axis from bottom upward; L=0.5max(R,G,B) + 0.5min(R,G,B); <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1254
				1255	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">HWB — Hue, Whiteness, Blackness</th></tr>
				1256	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Hue (complicated equation)</td></tr>
				1257	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Whiteness (complicated equation)</td></tr>
				1258	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Blackness (complicated equation)</td></tr>
				1259
				1260	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">LAB</th></tr>
				1261	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">L (complicated equation relating X,Y,Z)</td></tr>
				1262	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">A (complicated equation relating X,Y,Z)</td></tr>
				1263	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">B (complicated equation relating X,Y,Z)</td></tr>
				1264
				1265	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">LOG</th></tr>
				1266	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I1 (complicated equation involving logarithm of R)</td></tr>
				1267	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I2 (complicated equation involving logarithm of G)</td></tr>
				1268	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I3 (complicated equation involving logarithm of B)</td></tr>
				1269
				1270	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">OHTA — approximates principal components transformation</th></tr>
				1271	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I1=0.33333R+0.33334G+0.33333*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1272	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I2=(0.50000R+0.00000G−0.50000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1273	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I3=(−0.25000R+0.50000G−0.25000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1274
				1275	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec601Luma</th></tr>
				1276	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Gray = 0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B</td></tr>
				1277
				1278	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec601YCbCr</th></tr>
				1279	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.299000R+0.587000G+0.114000*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1280	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cb=(−0.168736R-0.331264G+0.500000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1281	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000R−0.418688G−0.081312B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1282
				1283	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec709Luma</th></tr>
				1284	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Gray=0.21260R+0.71520G+0.07220*B</td></tr>
				1285
				1286	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec709YCbCr</th></tr>
				1287	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.212600R+0.715200G+0.072200*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1288	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cb=(−0.114572R−0.385428G+0.500000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1289	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000R−0.454153G−0.045847B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1290
				1291	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">sRGB</th></tr>
				1292	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if Rs ≤ .03928 then Rs=R/12.92 else Rs=((R+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
				1293	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if Gs ≤ .03928 then Gs=B/12.92 else Gs=((G+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
				1294	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if Bs ≤ .03928 then Bs=B/12.92 else Bs=((B+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
				1295
				1296	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">XYZ</th></tr>
				1297	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">X=0.4124240R+0.3575790G+0.1804640*B</td></tr>
				1298	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.2126560R+0.7151580G+0.0721856*B</td></tr>
				1299	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Z=0.0193324R+0.1191930G+0.9504440*B</td></tr>
				1300
				1301	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YCC</th></tr>
				1302	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=(0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B) (with complicated scaling); <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1303	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C1=(−0.29900R−0.58700G+0.88600*B) (with complicated scaling)</td></tr>
				1304	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C2=(0.70100R−0.58700G−0.11400*B) (with complicated scaling)</td></tr>
				1305
				1306	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YCbCr</th></tr>
				1307	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.299000R+0.587000G+0.114000*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1308	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cb=(−0.168736R−0.331264G+0.500000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1309	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000R−0.418688G−0.081312B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1310
				1311	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YIQ</th></tr>
				1312	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1313	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I=(0.59600R−0.27400G−0.32200B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1314	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Q=(0.21100R−0.52300G+0.31200B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1315
				1316	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YPbPr</th></tr>
				1317	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.299000R+0.587000G+0.114000*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1318	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Pb=(−0.168736R−0.331264G+0.500000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1319	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Pr=(0.500000R−0.418688G−0.081312B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1320
				1321	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YUV</th></tr>
				1322	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1323	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">U=(−0.14740R−0.28950G+0.43690B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1324	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">V=(0.61500R−0.51500G−0.10000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1325	</table>
				1326
				1327	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1328	<h4><a id="combine"></a>-combine</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1329	</div>
				1330
				1331	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Combine one or more images into a single image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1332
				1333	<p>The channels (previously set by <a href="#channel">-channel</a>) of the combined image are taken from the grayscale values of each image in the sequence, in order. For the default -channel setting of <kbd>RGB</kbd>, this means the first image is assigned to the <kbd>Red</kbd> channel, the second to the <kbd>Green</kbd> channel, the third to the <kbd>Blue</kbd>.</p>
				1334
				1335	<p>This option can be thought of as the inverse to <a href="#separate">-separate</a>, so long as the channel settings are the same. Thus, in the following example, the final image should be a copy of the original.
				1336	</p>
				1337
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1338	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert original.png -channel RGB -separate sepimage.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert sepimage-0.png sepimage-1.png sepimage-2.png -channel RGB \ <br/> -combine imagecopy.png</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1339	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1340	<h4><a id="comment"></a>-comment <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1341	</div>
				1342
				1343	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Embed a comment in an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1344
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1345	<p>This option sets the comment meta-data of an image read in after this
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1346	option has been given. To modify a comment of images already in memory use
				1347	"<kbd><a href="#set">-set</a> comment</kbd>". </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1348
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1349	<p>The comment can contain special format characters listed in the <a
				1350	href="../www/escape.html">Format and
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1351	Print Image Properties</a>. These attributes are expanded when the comment
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1352	is finally assigned to the individual images. </p>
				1353
				1354	<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">string</em> is <em
				1355	class="arg">@</em>, the image comment is read from a file titled by the
				1356	remaining characters in the string. Comments read in from a file are literal;
				1357	no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
				1358
				1359	<p>Comment meta-data are not visible on the image itself. To do that use the
				1360	<a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> or <a href="#draw">-draw</a> options
				1361	instead.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1362
				1363	<p>For example,</p>
				1364
				1365	<p class="crtsnip">
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1366	-comment "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1367	</p>
				1368
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1369	<p>produces an image comment of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> (assuming
				1370	that the image <kbd>bird.miff</kbd> has a width of 512 and a height of
				1371	480.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1372
				1373	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1374	<h4><a id="compose"></a>-compose <em class="arg">operator</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1375	</div>
				1376
				1377	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the type of image composition.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1378
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1379	<p>See <a href="../www/compose.html">Alpha Compositing</a> for
				1380	a detailed discussion of alpha compositing.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1381
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1382	<p>This setting effects image processing operators that merge two (or more)
				1383	images together in some way. This includes the operators,
				1384	<a href="#composite">-composite</a>,
				1385	<a href="#layers">-layers</a> composite,
				1386	<a href="#flatten">-flatten</a>,
				1387	<a href="#mosaic">-mosaic</a>,
				1388	<a href="#layers">-layers</a> merge,
				1389	<a href="#border">-border</a>,
				1390	<a href="#frame">-frame</a>,
				1391	and <a href="#extent">-extent</a>. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1392
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1393	<p>It is also one of the primary options for the "<kbd>composite</kbd>"
				1394	command. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1395
				1396
				1397	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1398	<h4><a id="composite"></a>-composite</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1399	</div>
				1400
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1401	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Perform alpha composition on two images and an optional mask</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1402
				1403	<p>Take the first image 'destination' and overlay the second 'source' image
				1404	according to the current <a href="#compose">-compose</a> setting. The location
				1405	of the 'source' or 'overlay' image is controlled according to <a
				1406	href="#geometry" >-geometry</a>, and <a href="#geometry" >-geometry</a>
				1407	settings. </p>
				1408
				1409	<p>If a third image is given this is treated as a gray-scale 'mask' image
				1410	relative to the first 'destination' image. This mask will limit what parts of
				1411	the destination can be modified by the image composition. However for the
				1412	'<kbd>displace</kbd>' compose method, the mask is used to provide a separate
				1413	Y-displacement image instead. </p>
				1414
				1415	<p>If a <a href="#compose">-compose</a> method requires extra numerical
				1416	arguments or flags these can be provided by setting the <a
				1417	href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd class="arg">option:compose:args</kbd>'
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1418	appropriately for the compose method. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1419
				1420	<p>Some <a href="#compose">-compose</a> methods can modify the 'destination'
				1421	image outside the overlay area. You can disable this by setting the special <a
				1422	href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd class="arg">option:compose:outside-overlay</kbd>'
				1423	to '<kbd>false</kbd>'. </p>
				1424
				1425
				1426	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1427	<h4><a id="compress"></a>-compress <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1428	</div>
				1429
				1430	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Use pixel compression specified by <em class="arg">type</em> when writing the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1431
				1432	<p>Choices are: <kbd class="arg">None</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">BZip</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">Fax</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">Group4</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">JPEG</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">JPEG2000</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">Lossless</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">LZW</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">RLE</kbd> or <kbd class="arg">Zip</kbd>.</p>
				1433
				1434	<p>To print a complete list of compression types, use <a href="#list">-list compress</a>.</p>
				1435
				1436	<p>Specify <a href="#compress">+compress</a> to store the binary image in an uncompressed format. The default is the compression type of the specified image file.</p>
				1437
				1438	<p>If <kbd>LZW</kbd> compression is specified but LZW compression has not been enabled, the image data is written in an uncompressed LZW format that can be read by LZW decoders. This may result in larger-than-expected GIF files.</p>
				1439
				1440	<p><kbd>Lossless</kbd> refers to lossless JPEG, which is only available if the JPEG library has been patched to support it. Use of lossless JPEG is generally not recommended.</p>
				1441
				1442	<p>Use the <a href="#quality">-quality</a> option to set the compression level to be used by JPEG, PNG, MIFF, and MPEG encoders. Use the <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor</a> option to set the sampling factor to be used by JPEG, MPEG, and YUV encoders for down-sampling the chroma channels.</p>
				1443
				1444	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1445	<h4><a id="contrast"></a>-contrast</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1446	</div>
				1447
				1448	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Enhance or reduce the image contrast.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1449
				1450	<p>This option enhances the intensity differences between the lighter and darker elements of the image. Use <a href="#contrast">-contrast</a> to enhance the image or <a href="#contrast">+contrast</a> to reduce the image contrast.</p>
				1451
				1452	<p>For a more pronounced effect you can repeat the option:</p>
				1453
				1454	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -contrast -contrast rose_c2.png</span></p>
				1455	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1456	<h4><a id="contrast-stretch"></a>-contrast-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em><br />-contrast-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em>{x<em class="arg">white-point</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1457	</div>
				1458
				1459	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Increase the contrast in an image by <em>stretching</em> the range of intensity values.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1460
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1461	<p>While performing the stretch, black-out at most <em
				1462	class="arg" >black-point</em> pixels and white-out at most <em
				1463	class="arg" >white-point</em> pixels. Or, if percent is used, black-out at most
				1464	<em class="arg" >black-point %</em> pixels and white-out at most <em
				1465	class="arg" >white-point %</em> pixels.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1466
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1467	<p>Prior to ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <a href="#contrast-stretch"
				1468	>-contrast-stretch</a> will black-out at most <em class="arg"
				1469	>black-point</em> pixels and white-out at most <em class="arg" >total pixels
				1470	minus white-point</em> pixels. Or, if percent is used, black-out at most <em
				1471	class="arg">black-point %</em> pixels and white-out at most <em class="arg"
				1472	>100% minus white-point %</em> pixels.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1473
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1474	<p>Note that <kbd>-contrast-stretch 0</kbd> will modify the image such that
				1475	the image's min and max values are stretched to 0 and <em class="QR"
				1476	>QuantumRange</em>, respectively, without any loss of data due to burn-out or
				1477	clipping at either end. This is not the same as <a href="#normalize"
cristy	d4d64ed	2010-08-22 22:19:33 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1478	>-normalize</a>, which is equivalent to <kbd>-contrast-stretch 0.15x0.05%</kbd> (or
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1479	prior to ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <kbd>-contrast-stretch 2%x99%</kbd>).</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1480
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1481	<p>Internally operator works by creating a histogram bin, and then uses that
				1482	bin to modify the image. As such some colors may be merged together when they
				1483	originally fell into the same 'bin'. </p>
				1484
				1485	<p>All the channels are normalized in concert by the came amount so as to
				1486	preserve color integrity, when the default <a href="#channel" >+channel</a>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1487	setting is in use. Specifying any other <a href="#channel" >-channel</a>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1488	setting will normalize the RGB channels independently.</p>
				1489
				1490	<p>See also <a href="#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect'
				1491	normalization of mathematical images. </p>
				1492
				1493	<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1494
				1495
				1496	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1497	<h4><a id="convolve"></a>-convolve <em class="arg">kernel</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1498	</div>
				1499
				1500	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Convolve an image with a user-supplied convolution kernel.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1501
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1502	<p>The <em class="arg">kernel</em> is a matrix specified as
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1503	a comma-separated list of integers (with no spaces), ordered left-to right,
				1504	starting with the top row. Presently, only odd-dimensioned kernels are
				1505	supported, and therefore the number of entries in the specified <em
				1506	class="arg">kernel</em> must be 3<sup>2</sup>=9, 5<sup>2</sup>=25,
				1507	7<sup>2</sup>=49, etc. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1508
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1509	<p>Note that the <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#convolve">‑convolve</a> operator supports the <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> setting. This option shifts the convolution so that
				1510	positive and negative results are relative to a user-specified bias value.
				1511	This is important for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick when dealing with
				1512	convolutions that contain negative as well as positive values. This is
				1513	especially the case with convolutions involving high pass filters or edge
				1514	detection. Without an output bias, the negative values is clipped at zero.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1515	</p>
				1516
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1517	<p>When using an ImageMagick with the HDRI compile-time setting, <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> is not needed, as ImageMagick is able to store/handle any
				1518	negative results without clipping to the color value range (0..QuantumRange).
				1519	See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page <a
				1520	href="/www/high-dynamic-range.html">High
				1521	Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a
				1522	href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri">Usage</a> pages or this
				1523	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a>
				1524	entry. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1525
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1526
				1527	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1528	<h4><a id="crop"></a>-crop <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1529	</div>
				1530
				1531	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Cut out one or more rectangular regions of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1532
				1533	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				1534
				1535	<p>The <em class="arg">width</em> and <em class="arg">height</em> of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument give the size of the image that remains after cropping, and <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> in the <em class="arg">offset</em> (if present) gives the location of the top left corner of the cropped image with respect to the original image. To specify the amount to be removed, use <a href="#shave">-shave</a> instead.</p>
				1536
				1537	<p>If the <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> offsets are present, a single image is generated, consisting of the pixels from the cropping region. The offsets specify the location of the upper left corner of the cropping region measured downward and rightward with respect to the upper left corner of the image. If the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with <kbd>NorthEast</kbd>, <kbd>East</kbd>, or <kbd>SouthEast</kbd> gravity, it gives the distance leftward from the right edge of the image to the right edge of the cropping region. Similarly, if the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with <kbd>SouthWest</kbd>, <kbd>South</kbd>, or <kbd>SouthEast</kbd> gravity, the distance is measured upward between the bottom edges.</p>
				1538
				1539	<p>If the <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> offsets are omitted, a set of tiles of the specified geometry, covering the entire input image, is generated. The rightmost tiles and the bottom tiles are smaller if the specified geometry extends beyond the dimensions of the input image.</p>
				1540
				1541	<p>By adding a exclamation character flag to the geometry argument, the
				1542	cropped images virtual canvas page size and offset is set as if the
				1543	geometry argument was a viewport or window. This means the canvas page size
				1544	is set to exactly the same size you specified, the image offset set
				1545	relative top left corner of the region cropped. </p>
				1546
				1547	<p>If the cropped image 'missed' the actual image on its virtual canvas, a
				1548	special single pixel transparent 'missed' image is returned, and a 'crop
				1549	missed' warning given. </p>
				1550
cristy	739df91	2009-10-24 16:10:18 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1551	<p>It might be necessary to <a href="#repage" >+repage</a> the image prior to cropping the image to ensure the crop coordinate frame is relocated to the upper-left corner of the visible image.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1552
				1553	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1554	<h4><a id="cycle"></a>-cycle <em class="arg">amount</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1555	</div>
				1556
				1557	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>displace image colormap by amount.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1558
				1559	<p><em class="arg">Amount</em> defines the number of positions each
				1560	colormap entry is shifted.</p>
				1561
				1562
				1563	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1564	<h4><a id="debug"></a>-debug <em class="arg">events</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1565	</div>
				1566
				1567	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>enable debug printout.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1568
				1569	<p>The <kbd>events</kbd> parameter specifies which events are to be logged. It can be either <kbd>None</kbd>, <kbd>All</kbd>, <kbd>Trace</kbd>, or a comma-separated list consisting of one or more of the following domains: <kbd>Annotate</kbd>, <kbd>Blob</kbd>, <kbd>Cache</kbd>, <kbd>Coder</kbd>, <kbd>Configure</kbd>, <kbd>Deprecate</kbd>, <kbd>Exception</kbd>, <kbd>Locale</kbd>, <kbd>Render</kbd>, <kbd>Resource</kbd>, <kbd>Security</kbd>, <kbd>TemporaryFile</kbd>, <kbd>Transform</kbd>, <kbd>X11</kbd>, or <kbd>User</kbd>. </p>
				1570
				1571
				1572	<p>For example, to log cache and blob events, use.</p>
				1573
				1574	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -debug "Cache,Blob" rose: rose.png</span></p>
				1575	<p>The <kbd>User</kbd> domain is normally empty, but developers can log user events in their private copy of ImageMagick.</p>
				1576
				1577	<p>To print the complete list of debug methods, use <a href="#list">-list debug</a>.</p>
				1578
				1579	<p>Use the <a href="#log">-log</a> option to specify the format for debugging output.</p>
				1580
				1581	<p>Use <a href="#debug">+debug</a> to turn off all logging.</p>
				1582
				1583	<p>Debugging may also be set using the <kbd>MAGICK_DEBUG</kbd> <a href="../www/resources.html#environment">environment variable</a>. The allowed values for the <kbd>MAGICK_DEBUG</kbd> environment variable are the same as for the <a href="#debug">-debug</a> option.</p>
				1584
				1585
				1586	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1587	<h4><a id="decipher"></a>-decipher <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1588	</div>
				1589
				1590	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Decipher and restore pixels that were previously transformed by <a href="#encipher">-encipher</a>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1591
				1592	<p>Get the passphrase from the file specified by <em class="arg">filename</em>.</p>
				1593
				1594	<p>For more information, see the webpage, <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/www/cipher.html">ImageMagick: Encipher or Decipher an Image</a>.</p>
				1595
				1596
				1597	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1598	<h4><a id="deconstruct"></a>-deconstruct</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1599	</div>
				1600
				1601	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>find areas that has changed between images </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1602
				1603	<p>Given a sequence of images all the same size, such as produced by <a href="#coalesce">-coalesce</a>, replace the second and later images, with a smaller image of just the area that changed relative to the previous image. </p>
				1604
				1605	<p>The resulting sequence of images can be used to optimize an animation sequence, though will not work correctly for GIF animations when parts of the animation can go from opaque to transparent. </p>
				1606
				1607	<p>This option is actually equivalent to the <a href="#layers">-layers</a> method '<kbd>compare-any</kbd>'. </p>
				1608
				1609
				1610	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1611	<h4><a id="define"></a>-define <em class="arg">key</em>{<em class="arg">=value</em>}<em class="arg">...</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1612	</div>
				1613
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1614	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>add specific global settings generally used to control
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1615	coders and image processing operations.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1616
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1617	<p>This option creates one or more definitions for coders and decoders to use
				1618	while reading and writing image data. Definitions are generally used to
				1619	control image file format coder modules, and image processing operations,
				1620	beyond what is provided by normal means. Defined settings are listed in <a
				1621	href="#verbose" >-verbose</a> information ("<kbd>info:</kbd>" output format)
				1622	as "Artifacts". </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1623
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1624	<p>If <em class="arg">value</em> is missing for a definition, an empty-valued
				1625	definition of a flag is created with that name. This used to control on/off
				1626	options. Use <a href="#define">+define key</a> to remove definitions
				1627	previously created. Use <a href="#define">+define "*"</a> to remove all
				1628	existing definitions.</p>
				1629
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1630	<p>The same 'artifact' settings can also be defined using the <a
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1631	href="#set" >-set "option:<em class="arg">key</em>" "<em class="arg"
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1632	>value</em>"</a> option, which also allows the use of <a href="../www/escape.html" >Format and Print Image
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1633	Properties</a> in the defined value. </p>
				1634
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1635	<p>The <em>option</em> and <em>key</em> are case-independent (they are
				1636	converted to lowercase for use within the decoders) while the <em>value</em>
				1637	is case-dependent.</p>
				1638
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1639	<p>Such settings are global in scope, and effect all images and operations. </p>
				1640
				1641	<p>The following definitions are just some of the artifacts that are
				1642	available:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1643
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1644	<dl>
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1645	<dt>dcm:display-range=reset</dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1646	<dd>Set the display range to the minimum and maximum pixel values for the
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1647	DCM image format.</dd>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1648
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1649	<dt>dot:layout-engine=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1650	<dd>Set the specify the layout engine for the DOT image format (e.g.
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1651	<kbd>neato</kbd>).</dd>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1652
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1653	<dt>jpeg:extent=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1654	<dd>Restrict the maximum JPEG file size, for example <kbd>-define
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1655	jpeg:extent=400kb</kbd>.</dd>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1656
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1657	<dt>jpeg:size=<em class="arg">geometry</em></dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1658	<dd>Set the size hint of a JPEG image, for example, -define jpeg:size=128x128.
				1659	It is most useful for increasing performance and reducing the memory
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1660	requirements when reducing the size of a large JPEG image.</dd>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1661
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1662	<dt>jp2:rate=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1663	<dd>Specify the compression factor to use while writing JPEG-2000 files. The
				1664	compression factor is the reciprocal of the compression ratio. The valid
				1665	range is 0.0 to 1.0, with 1.0 indicating lossless compression. If defined,
				1666	this value overrides the -quality setting. A quality setting of 75
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1667	results in a rate value of 0.06641.</dd>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1668
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1669	<dt>mng:need-cacheoff</dt>
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1670	<dd>turn playback caching off for streaming MNG.</dd>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1671
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1672	<dt>png:bit-depth=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
				1673	<dt>png:color-type=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1674	<dd>desired bit-depth and color-type for PNG output. You can force the PNG
				1675	encoder to use a different bit-depth and color-type than it would have
				1676	normally selected, but only if this does not cause any loss of image
				1677	quality. Any attempt to reduce image quality is treated as an error and no
				1678	PNG file is written. E.g., if you have a 1-bit black-and-white image, you
				1679	can use these "defines" to cause it to be written as an 8-bit grayscale,
				1680	indexed, or even a 64-bit RGBA. But if you have a 16-million color image,
				1681	you cannot force it to be written as a grayscale or indexed PNG. If you
				1682	wish to do this, you must use the appropriate <a href="#depth">-depth</a>,
				1683	<a href="#colors">-colors</a>, or <a href="#type">-type</a> directives to
				1684	reduce the image quality prior to using the PNG encoder. Note that in
				1685	indexed PNG files, "bit-depth" refers to the number of bits per index,
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1686	which can be 1, 2, 4, or 8. In such files, the color samples always have
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1687	8-bit depth.</dd>
				1688
				1689	<dt>png:exclude-chunk=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
				1690	<dt>png:include-chunk=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
				1691	<dd>ancillary chunks to be excluded from or included in PNG output.
				1692
				1693	<p>The<em class="arg">value</em> can be the name of a PNG chunk-type such
				1694	as <em class="arg">bKGD</em>, a comma-separated list of chunk-types,
				1695	or the word <em class="arg">all</em> or
				1696	the word <em class="arg">none</em>. There must be no spaces in the
				1697	list. Although PNG chunk-names are case-dependent, you can use
				1698	all lowercase names if you prefer.</p>
				1699
				1700	<p>As a special case, if the <kbd>sRGB</kbd> chunk is excluded and
				1701	the <kbd>gAMA</kbd> chunk is included, the <kbd>gAMA</kbd> chunk will
				1702	only be written if gamma is not 1/2.2, since most decoders assume
				1703	sRGB and gamma=1/2.2 when no colorspace information is included in
				1704	the PNG file. Because the list is processed from left to right, you
				1705	can achieve this with a single define:</p>
				1706
				1707	<pre class="text">
				1708	-define png:include-chunk=none,gAMA
				1709	</pre>
				1710
				1711	<p>The critical PNG chunks <kbd>IHDR</kbd>, <kbd>PLTE</kbd>,
				1712	<kbd>IDAT</kbd>, and <kbd>IEND</kbd> cannot be excluded. Any of
				1713	these entries appearing in the list will be ignored.</p>
				1714
				1715	<p>If the ancillary PNG <kbd>tRNS</kbd> chunk is excluded and the
				1716	image has transparency, the PNG colortype is forced to be 4 or 6
				1717	(GRAY_ALPHA or RGBA). If the image is not transparent, then the
				1718	<kbd>tRNS</kbd> chunk isn't written anyhow, and there is no effect
				1719	on the PNG colortype of the output image.</p>
				1720
				1721	<p>The <a href="#strip">-strip</a> option does the equivalent of the
				1722	following for PNG output:</p>
				1723
				1724	<pre class="text">
				1725	-define png:include-chunk=none,gama
				1726	</pre>
				1727
				1728	<p>The default behavior is to include all known PNG ancillary chunks
cristy	f796427	2011-01-30 03:49:12 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	1729	plus ImageMagick's private <kbd>vpAg</kbd> ("virtual page") chunk,
				1730	and to exclude all PNG chunks that are unknown to ImageMagick,
				1731	regardless of their PNG "copy-safe" status as described in the
				1732	PNG specification.</p>
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1733	</dd>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1734
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1735	<dt>ps:imagemask</dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1736	<dd>If the ps:imagemask flag is defined, the PS3 and EPS3 coders will create
				1737	Postscript files that render bilevel images with the Postscript imagemask
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1738	operator instead of the image operator.</dd>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1739
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1740	<dt>quantum:format=<em class="arg">type</em></dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1741	<dd>Set the type to <kbd>floating-point</kbd> to specify a floating-point
				1742	format for raw files (e.g. GRAY:) or for MIFF and TIFF images in HDRI mode
				1743	to preserve negative values. If <a href="#depth">-depth</a> 16 is
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1744	included, the result is a single precision floating point format.
				1745	If <a href="#depth">-depth</a> 32 is included, the result is
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1746	double precision floating point format.</dd>
				1747
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1748	</dl>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1749
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1750	<p>For example, to create a postscript file that will render only the black
				1751	pixels of a bilevel image, use:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1752
				1753	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert bilevel.tif -define ps:imagemask eps3:stencil.ps</span></p>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1754	<p>Set attributes of the image registry by prefixing the value with
				1755	<kbd>registry:</kbd>. For example, to set a temporary path to put work files,
				1756	use:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1757
				1758	<p class="crtsnip">
				1759	-define registry:temporary-path=/data/tmp
				1760	</p>
				1761
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1762
				1763
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1764	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1765	<h4><a id="delay"></a>-delay <em class="arg">ticks</em> <br />-delay <em class="arg">ticks</em>x<em class="arg">ticks-per-second</em> {<em class="arg"><</em>} {<em class="arg">></em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1766	</div>
				1767
				1768	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>display the next image after pausing.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1769
				1770	<p>This option is useful for regulating the animation of image sequences <em>ticks/ticks-per-second</em> seconds must expire before the display of the next image. The default is no delay between each showing of the image sequence. The default ticks-per-second is 100.</p>
				1771
				1772	<p>Use <kbd>></kbd> to change the image delay <em>only</em> if its current value exceeds the given delay. <kbd><</kbd> changes the image delay <em>only</em> if current value is less than the given delay. For example, if you specify <kbd>30></kbd> and the image delay is 20, the image delay does not change. However, if the image delay is 40 or 50, the delay it is changed to 30. Enclose the given delay in quotation marks to prevent the <kbd><</kbd> or <kbd>></kbd> from being interpreted by your shell as a file redirection.</p>
				1773
				1774
				1775	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1776	<h4><a id="delete"></a>-delete <em class="arg">index</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1777	</div>
				1778
				1779	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>delete the image, specified by its index, from the image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1780
				1781	<p>Specify the image by its index in the sequence. The first image is index 0. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the sequence, for example, -1 represents the last image of the sequence. Specify a range of images with a dash (e.g. 0-4). Separate indexes with a comma (e.g. 0,2). Use <kbd>+delete</kbd> to delete the last image in the current image sequence.</p>
				1782
				1783
				1784	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1785	<h4><a id="density"></a>-density <em class="arg">width</em><br />-density <em class="arg">width</em>x<em class="arg">height</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1786	</div>
				1787
				1788	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the horizontal and vertical resolution of an image for rendering to devices.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1789
				1790	<p>This option specifies the image resolution to store while encoding a raster image or the canvas resolution while rendering (reading) vector formats such as Postscript, PDF, WMF, and SVG into a raster image. Image resolution provides the unit of measure to apply when rendering to an output device or raster image. The default unit of measure is in dots per inch (DPI). The <a href="#units">-units</a> option may be used to select dots per centimeter instead.</p>
				1791
				1792	<p>The default resolution is 72 dots per inch, which is equivalent to one point per pixel (Macintosh and Postscript standard). Computer screens are normally 72 or 96 dots per inch, while printers typically support 150, 300, 600, or 1200 dots per inch. To determine the resolution of your display, use a ruler to measure the width of your screen in inches, and divide by the number of horizontal pixels (1024 on a 1024x768 display).</p>
				1793
				1794	<p>If the file format supports it, this option may be used to update the stored image resolution. Note that Photoshop stores and obtains image resolution from a proprietary embedded profile. If this profile is not stripped from the image, then Photoshop will continue to treat the image using its former resolution, ignoring the image resolution specified in the standard file header.</p>
				1795
				1796	<p>The <a href="#density">-density</a> option sets an <em>attribute</em> and does not alter the underlying raster image. It may be used to adjust the rendered size for desktop publishing purposes by adjusting the scale applied to the pixels. To resize the image so that it is the same size at a different resolution, use the <a href="#resample">-resample</a> option.</p>
				1797
				1798	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1799	<h4><a id="depth"></a>-depth <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1800	</div>
				1801
				1802	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>depth of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1803
				1804	<p>This the number of bits in a color sample within a pixel. Use this option to specify the depth of raw images whose depth is unknown such as GRAY, RGB, or CMYK, or to change the depth of any image after it has been read.</p>
				1805
				1806	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1807	<h4><a id="descend"></a>-descend</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1808	</div>
				1809
				1810	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>obtain image by descending window hierarchy.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1811
				1812	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1813	<h4><a id="deskew"></a>-deskew <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1814	</div>
				1815
				1816	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>straighten an image. A threshold of 40% works for most images.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1817
				1818	<p>Use <a href="#set">-set</a> <kbd>option:deskew:auto-crop <em>width</em></kbd> to auto crop the image. The set argument is the pixel width of the image background (e.g 40).</p>
				1819
				1820	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1821	<h4><a id="despeckle"></a>-despeckle</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1822	</div>
				1823
				1824	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>reduce the speckles within an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1825
				1826	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1827	<h4><a id="direction"></a>-direction <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	2c83960	2010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1828	</div>
				1829
				1830	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>render text right-to-left or left-to-right.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1831
				1832	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1833	<h4><a id="displace"></a>-displace <em class="arg">horizontal-scale</em><br />-displace <em class="arg">horizontal-scale</em>x<em class="arg">vertical-scale</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1834	</div>
				1835
				1836	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>shift image pixels as defined by a displacement map.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				1837
				1838	<p>With this option, the 'overlay' image, and optionally the 'mask' image,
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1839	is used as a displacement map, which is used to displace the lookup of
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1840	what part of the 'background' image is seen at each point of the overlaid
				1841	area. Much like the displacement map is a 'lens' that redirects light shining
				1842	through it so as to present a distorted view the original 'background' image
				1843	behind it. </p>
				1844
				1845	<p>Any perfect grey areas of the displacement map produce a zero
				1846	displacement of the image. Black areas produce the given maximum negative
				1847	displacement of the lookup point, while white produce a maximum positive
				1848	displacement of the lookup. </p>
				1849
				1850	<p>Note that it is the lookup of the 'background' that is displaced, not a
				1851	displacement of the image itself. As such an area of the displacement map
				1852	containing 'white' will have the lookup point 'shifted' by a positive amount,
				1853	and thus generating a copy of the destination image to the right/downward from
				1854	the correct position. That is the image will look like it may have been
				1855	'shifted' in a negative left/upward direction. Understanding this is a very
				1856	important in understanding how displacement maps work. </p>
				1857
				1858	<p>The given arguments define the maximum amount of displacement in pixels
				1859	that a particular map can produce. If the displacement scale is large enough
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1860	it is also possible to lookup parts of the 'background' image that lie well
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1861	outside the bounds of the displacement map itself. That is you could very
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1862	easily copy a section of the original image from outside the overlay area
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1863	into the overlay area. </p>
				1864
				1865	<p>The '%' flag makes the displacement scale relative to the size of the
				1866	overlay image (100% = half width/height of image). Using '!' switches
				1867	percentage arguments to refer to the destination image size instead.
				1868	these flags were added as of IM v6.5.3-5.</p>
				1869
				1870	<p>Normally a single grayscale displacement map is provided, which with the
				1871	given scaling values will determine a single direction (vector) in which
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1872	displacements can occur (positively or negatively). However, if you also
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1873	specify a third image which is normally used as a <em class="arg">mask</em>,
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1874	the <em class="arg">composite image</em> is used for horizontal X
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1875	displacement, while the <em class="arg">mask image</em> is used for vertical Y
				1876	displacement. This allows you to define completely different displacement
				1877	values for the X and Y directions, and allowing you to lookup any point within
				1878	the <em class="arg">scale</em> bounds. In other words each pixel can lookup
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1879	any other nearby pixel, producing complex 2 dimensional displacements, rather
				1880	than a simple 1 dimensional vector displacements. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1881
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1882	<p>Alteratively rather than suppling two separate images, as of IM v6.4.4-0,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1883	you can use the 'red' channel of the overlay image to specify the horizontal
				1884	or X displacement, and the 'green' channel for the vertical or Y displacement.
				1885	</p>
				1886
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1887	<p>As of IM v6.5.3-5 any alpha channel in the overlay image is used as a
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1888	mask the transparency of the destination image. However areas outside the
				1889	overlaid areas will not be effected. </p>
				1890
				1891
				1892	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1893	<h4><a id="display"></a>-display <em class="arg">host:display[.screen]</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1894	</div>
				1895
				1896	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specifies the X server to contact.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				1897
				1898	<p>This option is used with convert for obtaining image or font from this X server. See <em class="arg">X(1)</em>.</p>
				1899
				1900	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1901	<h4><a id="dispose"></a>-dispose <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1902	</div>
				1903
				1904	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>define the GIF disposal image setting for images that are being created or read in. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1905
				1906	<p>The layer disposal method defines the way each the displayed image is to be
				1907	modified after the current 'frame' of an animation has finished being
				1908	displayed (after its 'delay' period), but before the next frame on an
				1909	animation is to be overlaid onto the display. </p>
				1910
				1911	<p>Here are the valid methods:</p>
				1912
				1913	<pre class="text">
				1914	Undefined 0 No disposal specified (equivalent to '<kbd>none</kbd>').
				1915	None 1 Do not dispose, just overlay next frame image.
				1916	Background 2 Clear the frame area with the background color.
				1917	Previous 3 Clear to the image prior to this frames overlay.
				1918	</pre>
				1919
				1920	<p>You can also use the numbers given above, which is what the GIF format
				1921	uses internally to represent the above settings. </p>
				1922
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1923	<p>To print a complete list of dispose methods, use <a href="#list">-list dispose</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1924
				1925	<p>Use <a href="#dispose" >+dispose</a>, turn off the setting and prevent
				1926	resetting the layer disposal methods of images being read in. </p>
				1927
				1928	<p>Use <a href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd>dispose</kbd>' method to set the image
				1929	disposal method for images already in memory.</p>
				1930
				1931	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1932	<h4><a id="dissimilarity-threshold"></a>-dissimilarity-threshold <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1933	</div>
				1934
				1935	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>maximum RMSE for subimage match (default 0.2).</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/compare.html">compare</a>]</td></tr></table>
				1936
				1937
				1938	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1939	<h4><a id="dissolve"></a>-dissolve <em class="arg">src_percent</em>[x<em class="arg">dst_percent</em>]</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1940	</div>
				1941
				1942	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>dissolve an image into another by the given percent.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				1943
				1944	<p>The opacity of the composite image is multiplied by the given percent, then
				1945	it is composited 'over' the main image. If <em class="arg">src_percent</em>
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1946	is greater than 100, start dissolving the main image so it becomes
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1947	transparent at a value of '<kbd class="arg">200</kbd>'. If both percentages
				1948	are given, each image are dissolved to the percentages given. </p>
				1949
				1950	<p>Note that dissolve percentages do not add, two opaque images dissolved
				1951	'50,50', produce a 75% transparency. For a 50% + 50% blending of the two
				1952	images, you would need to use dissolve values of '50,100'. </p>
				1953
				1954	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1955	<h4><a id="distort"></a>-distort <em class="arg">method arguments</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1956	</div>
				1957
				1958	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>distort an image, using the given <em class="arg">method</em> and its required <em class="arg">arguments</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1959
				1960	<p>The <em class="arg">arguments</em> is a single string containing a list
				1961	of floating point numbers separated by commas or spaces. The number of
				1962	and meaning of the floating point values depends on the distortion <em
				1963	class="arg">method</em> being used. </p>
				1964
				1965	<p>Choose from these distortion types:</p>
				1966
				1967	<table class="doc">
				1968	<tr valign="top">
				1969	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				1970	<th align="left">Description</th>
				1971	</tr>
				1972
				1973	<tr valign="top">
				1974	<td valign="top"><kbd>ScaleRotateTranslate</kbd>
				1975	<br/>or   <kbd>SRT</kbd></td>
				1976	<td valign="top">
				1977	Distort image by first scaling and rotating about a given 'center',
				1978	before translating that 'center' to the new location, in that order. It
				1979	is an alternative method of specifying a '<kbd>Affine</kbd>' type of
				1980	distortion, but without shearing effects. It also provides a good way
				1981	of rotating and displacing a smaller image for tiling onto a larger
				1982	background (IE 2-dimensional animations). <br/>
				1983
				1984	The number of arguments determine the specific meaning of each
				1985	argument for the scales, rotation, and translation operations. <br/>
				1986
				1987	<table style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">
				1988	<tr><td>#  </td><td>arguments meaning</td></tr>
				1989	<tr><td>1:</td><td><em>Angle_of_Rotation</em></td></tr>
				1990	<tr><td>2:</td><td><em>Scale   Angle</em></td></tr>
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1991	<tr><td>3:</td><td><em>X,Y     Angle</em></td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1992	<tr><td>4:</td><td><em>X,Y   Scale   Angle</em></td></tr>
				1993	<tr><td>5:</td>
				1994	<td><em>X,Y   ScaleX,ScaleY   Angle</em></td></tr>
				1995	<tr><td>6:</td>
				1996	<td><em>X,Y   Scale   Angle   NewX,NewY</em></td></tr>
				1997	<tr><td>7:</td>
				1998	<td><em>X,Y   ScaleX,ScaleY   Angle
				1999	NewX,NewY</em></td></tr>
				2000	</table>
				2001
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2002	This is actually an alternative way of specifying a 2 dimensional linear
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2003	'<kbd>Affine</kbd>' or '<kbd>AffineProjection</kbd>' distortion. </td> </tr>
				2004
				2005	<tr valign="top">
				2006	<td valign="top"><kbd>Affine</kbd></td>
				2007	<td valign="top">
				2008	Distort the image linearly by moving a list of at least 3 or more sets
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2009	of control points (as defined below). Ideally 3 sets or 12 floating
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2010	point values are given allowing the image to be linearly scaled,
				2011	rotated, sheared, and translated, according to those three points. See
				2012	also the related '<kbd>AffineProjection</kbd>' and '<kbd>SRT</kbd>'
				2013	distortions. <br/>
				2014
				2015	More than 3 sets given control point pairs (12 numbers) is least
				2016	squares fitted to best match a lineary affine distortion. If only 2
				2017	control point pairs (8 numbers) are given a two point image translation
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2018	rotation and scaling is performed, without any possible shearing,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2019	flipping or changes in aspect ratio to the resulting image. If only one
				2020	control point pair is provides the image is only translated, (which may
				2021	be a floating point non-integer translation). <br/>
				2022
				2023	This distortion does not include any form of perspective distortion.
				2024	</td>
				2025
				2026	</tr>
				2027
				2028	<tr valign="top">
				2029	<td valign="top"><kbd>AffineProjection</kbd></td>
				2030	<td valign="top">
				2031	Linearly distort an image using the given Affine Matrix of 6
				2032	pre-calculated coefficients forming a set of Affine Equations to map
				2033	the source image to the destination image.
				2034
				2035	<div style="text-align: center"><em>
				2036	s<sub>x</sub>, r<sub>x</sub>,
				2037	r<sub>y</sub>, s<sub>y</sub>,
				2038	t<sub>x</sub>, t<sub>y</sub>
				2039	</em></div>
				2040
				2041	See <a href="#affine" >-affine</a> setting for more detail, and
				2042	meanings of these coefficients. <br/>
				2043
				2044	The distortions '<kbd>Affine</kbd>' and '<kbd>SRT</kbd>' provide
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2045	alternative methods of defining this distortion, with ImageMagick doing
				2046	the calculations needed to generate the required coefficients. You can
				2047	see the internally generated coefficients, by using a <a
				2048	href="#verbose" >-verbose</a> setting with those other varients. </td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2049
				2050	</tr>
				2051
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2052	<tr valign="top">
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2053	<td valign="top"><kbd>BilinearForward</kbd><br/>
				2054	<kbd>BilinearReverse</kbd></td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2055	<td valign="top">
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2056	Bilinear Distortion, given a minimum of 4 sets of coordinate pairs, or
				2057	16 values (see below). Not that lines may not appear straight after
				2058	distortion, though the distance between coordinates will remain
				2059	consistent. <br/>
				2060
				2061	The '<kbd>BilinearForward</kbd>' is used to map rectangles to any
				2062	quadrilateral, while the '<kbd>BilinearReverse</kbd>' form maps any
				2063	quadrilateral to a rectangle, while preserving the straigth line edges
				2064	in each case. <br/>
				2065
				2066	Note that '<kbd>BilinearForward</kbd>' can generate invalid pixels
				2067	which will be colored using the <a href="#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a>
				2068	color setting. Also if the quadraterial becomes 'flipped' the image
				2069	may dissappear. <br/>
				2070
				2071	There are future plans to produce a true Bilinear distortion that will
				2072	attempt to map any quadrilateral to any other quadrilateral, while
				2073	preserving edges (and edge distance ratios).
				2074
				2075	</td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2076	</tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2077
				2078	<tr valign="top">
				2079	<td valign="top"><kbd>Perspective</kbd></td>
				2080	<td valign="top">
				2081	Perspective distort the images, using a list of 4 or more sets of
				2082	control points (as defined below). More that 4 sets (16 numbers) of
				2083	control points provide least squares fitting for more accurate
				2084	distortions (for the purposes of image registration and panarama
				2085	effects). Less than 4 sets will fall back to a '<kbd>Affine</kbd>'
				2086	linear distortion. <br/>
				2087
				2088	Perspective Distorted images ensures that straight lines remain
				2089	straight, but the scale of the distorted image will vary. The horizon
				2090	is anti-aliased, and the 'sky' color may be set using the
				2091	<a href="#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a> setting. </td>
				2092	</tr>
				2093
				2094	<tr valign="top">
				2095	<td valign="top"><kbd>PerspectiveProjection</kbd>  </td>
				2096	<td valign="top">
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2097	Do a '<kbd>Perspective</kbd>' distortion biased on a set of 8
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2098	pre-calculated coefficients. You can get these coefficients by looking
				2099	at the <a href="#verbose" >-verbose</a> output of a
				2100	'<kbd>Prespective</kbd>' distortion, or by calculating them yourself.
				2101	If the last two perspective scaling coefficients are zero, the
				2102	remaining 6 represents a transposed 'Affine Matrix'. </td>
				2103
				2104	</tr>
				2105
				2106	<tr valign="top">
				2107	<td valign="top"><kbd>Arc</kbd></td>
				2108	<td valign="top">
				2109	Arc the image (variation of polar mapping) over the angle given around
				2110	a circle. <br/>
				2111	<table width="90%" style = "margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
				2112	<tr valign="top"><td>Argument</td>
				2113	<td>Meaning</td></tr>
				2114	<tr valign="top"><td><em>arc_angle</em></td>
				2115	<td>The angle over which to arc the image side-to-side</td></tr>
				2116	<tr valign="top"><td><em>rotate_angle</em></td>
				2117	<td>Angle to rotate resulting image from vertical center</td></tr>
				2118	<tr valign="top"><td><em>top_radius</em></td>
				2119	<td>Set top edge of source image at this radius</td></tr>
				2120	<tr valign="top"><td><em>bottom_radius</em> </td>
				2121	<td>Set bottom edge to this radius (radial scaling)</td></tr>
				2122	</table>
				2123
				2124	The resulting image is always resized to best fit the resulting image,
				2125	(as if using <a href="#distort" >+distort</a>) while attempting to
				2126	preserve scale and aspect ratio of the original image as much as
				2127	possible with the arguments given by the user. All four arguments will
				2128	be needed to change the overall aspect ratio of an 'Arc'ed image. <br/>
				2129
				2130	This a variation of a polar distortion designed to try to preserve the
				2131	aspect ratio of the image rather than direct Cartesian to Polar
				2132	conversion. </td>
				2133	</tr>
				2134
				2135	<tr valign="top">
				2136	<td valign="top"><kbd>Polar</kbd></td>
				2137	<td valign="top">
				2138	Like '<kbd>Arc</kbd>' but do a complete Cartesian to Polar mapping of
				2139	the image. that is the height of the input image is mapped to the
				2140	radius limits, while the width is wrapped around between the
				2141	angle limits. <br/>
				2142
				2143	Arguments: <em>Rmax,Rmin CenterX,CenterY, start,end_angle</em> <br/>
				2144
				2145	All arguments are optional. With <em>Rmin</em> defaulting to zero, the
				2146	center to the center of the image, and the angles going from -180 (top)
				2147	to +180 (top). If <em>Rmax</em> is given the special value of
				2148	'<code>0</code>', the the distance from the center to the nearest edge
				2149	is used for the radius of the output image, which will ensure the whole
				2150	image is visible (though scaled smaller). However a special value of
				2151	'<code>-1</code>' will use the distance from the center to the furthest
				2152	corner, This may 'clip' the corners from the input rectangular image,
				2153	but will generate the exact reverse of a '<kbd>DePolar</kbd>' with
				2154	the same arguments. <br/>
				2155
				2156	If the plus form of distort (<a href="#distort" >+distort</a>) is used
				2157	output image center will default to <code>0,0</code> of the virtual
				2158	canvas, and the image size adjusted to ensure the whole input image is
				2159	made visible in the output image on the virtual canvas. </td>
				2160
				2161	</tr>
				2162
				2163	<tr valign="top">
				2164	<td valign="top"><kbd>DePolar</kbd></td>
				2165	<td valign="top">
				2166	Uses the same arguments and meanings as a '<kbd>Polar</kbd>' distortion
				2167	but generates the reverse Polar to Cartesian distortion. <br/>
				2168
				2169	The special <em>Rmax</em> setting of '<code>0</code>' may however clip
				2170	the corners of the input image. However using the special
				2171	<em>Rmax</em> setting of '<code>-1</code>' (maximum center to corner
				2172	distance) will ensure the whole distorted image is preserved in the
				2173	generated result, so that the same argument to '<kbd>Polar</kbd>' will
				2174	reverse the distortion re-producing the original.
				2175
				2176	Note that as this distortion requires the area resampling of a circular
				2177	arc, which can not be handled by the builtin EWA resampling function.
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2178	As such the normal EWA filters are turned off. It is recommended some
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2179	form of 'super-sampling' image processing technique be used to produce
				2180	a high quality result. </td>
				2181
				2182	</tr>
				2183
				2184	<tr valign="top">
				2185	<td valign="top"><kbd>Barrel</kbd></td>
				2186	<td valign="top">
				2187	Given the four coefficients (A,B,C,D) as defined by <a
				2188	href="http://www.all-in-one.ee/~dersch/barrel/barrel.html" >Helmut
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2189	Dersch</a>, perform a barrell or pin-cushion distortion appropriate to
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2190	correct radial lens distortions. That is in photographs, make straight
				2191	lines straight again. <br/>
				2192
				2193	Arguments: <em>A   B   C</em>   [ <em>D</em>   [
				2194	<em>X</em> , <em>Y</em> ] ] <br/>
				2195	or <em>A<sub>x</sub> B<sub>x</sub> C<sub>x</sub> D<sub>x</sub>
				2196	A<sub>y</sub> B<sub>y</sub> C<sub>y</sub> D<sub>y</sub></em>
				2197	[ <em>X</em> , <em>Y</em> ] <br/>
				2198	So that it forms the function <br/>
				2199	Rsrc = r * ( <em>A</em>r<sup>3</sup> + <em>B</em>r<sup>2</sup> +
				2200	<em>C</em>*r + <em>D</em> )<br/>
				2201
				2202	Where <em>X</em>,<em>Y</em> is the optional center of the distortion
				2203	(defaulting to the center of the image). <br/>
				2204	The second form is typically used to distort images, rather than
				2205	correct lens distortions. <br/>
				2206	</td>
				2207
				2208	</tr>
				2209
				2210	<tr valign="top">
				2211	<td valign="top"><kbd>BarrelInverse</kbd></td>
				2212	<td valign="top">
				2213	This is very simular to '<kbd>Barrel</kbd>' with the same set of
				2214	arguments, and argument handling. However it uses the inverse
				2215	of the radial polynomial,
				2216	so that it forms the function <br/>
				2217	Rsrc = r / ( <em>A</em>r<sup>3</sup> + <em>B</em>r<sup>2</sup> +
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2218	<em>C</em>*r + <em>D</em> )<br/>
				2219	Note that this is not the reverse of the '<kbd>Barrel</kbd>'
				2220	distortion, just a different barrel-like radial distortion method.
				2221
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2222	</td>
				2223	</tr>
				2224
				2225	<tr valign="top">
				2226	<td valign="top"><kbd>Shepards</kbd></td>
				2227	<td valign="top">
				2228	Distort the given list control points (any number) using an Inverse
				2229	Squared Distance Interpolation Method (<a
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2230	href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepard%27s_method" >Shepards
				2231	Method</a>). The control points in effect do 'localized' displacement
				2232	of the image around the given control point (preserving the look and
				2233	the rotation of the area near the control points. For best results
				2234	extra control points should be added to 'lock' the positions of the
				2235	corners, edges and other unchanging parts of the image, to prevent
				2236	their movement. <br/>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2237
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2238	The distortion has been likened to 'taffy pulling' using nails, or
				2239	pins' stuck in a block of 'jelly' which is then moved to the new
				2240	position, distorting te surface of the jelly. <br/>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2241
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2242	Internally it is equivelent to generating a displacement map (see <a
				2243	href="#displace" >-displace</a>) for source image color look-up using
				2244	the <a href="#sparse-color" >-sparse-color</a> method of the same name.
				2245
				2246	</td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2247	</tr>
				2248
				2249	</table>
				2250
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2251	<p>To print a complete list of distortion methods, use <a href="#list">-list
				2252	distort</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2253
				2254	<p>Many of the above distortion methods such as '<kbd>Affine</kbd>',
				2255	'<kbd>Perspective</kbd>', and '<kbd>Shepards</kbd>' use a list control points
				2256	defining how these points in the given image should be distorted in the
				2257	destination image. Each set of four floating point values represent a source
				2258	image coordinate, followed immediately by the destination image coordinate.
				2259	This produces a list of values such as...</p>
				2260	<div style="text-align: center"><em>
				2261	U<sub>1</sub>,V<sub>1</sub> X<sub>1</sub>,Y<sub>1</sub>
				2262	U<sub>2</sub>,V<sub>2</sub> X<sub>2</sub>,Y<sub>2</sub>
				2263	U<sub>3</sub>,V<sub>3</sub> X<sub>3</sub>,Y<sub>3</sub>
				2264	...
				2265	U<sub>n</sub>,V<sub>n</sub> X<sub>n</sub>,Y<sub>n</sub>
				2266	</em></div>
				2267	<p>where <em>U,V</em> on the source image is mapped to <em>X,Y</em> on the
				2268	destination image. </p>
				2269
				2270	<p>For example, to warp an image using '<kbd>perspective</kbd>' distortion,
				2271	needs a list of at least 4 sets of coordinates, or 16 numbers. Here is the
				2272	perspective distortion of the built-in "rose:" image. Note how spaces were
				2273	used to group the 4 sets of coordinate pairs, to make it easier to read and
				2274	understand.</p>
				2275
				2276	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2277	convert rose: -virtual-pixel black \<br/>
				2278	-distort Perspective '0,0,0,0 0,45,0,45 69,0,60,10 69,45,60,35' \<br/>
				2279	rose_3d_rotated.gif</span></p>
				2280	<p>If more that the required number of coordinate pairs are given for
				2281	a distortion, the distortion method is 'least squares' fitted to produce the
				2282	best result for all the coordinate pairs given. If less than the ideal number
				2283	of points are given, the distort will generally fall back to a simpler form of
				2284	distortion that can handles the smaller number of coordinates (usally a linear
				2285	'<kbd>Affine</kbd>' distortion). </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2286
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2287	<p>By using more coordinates you can make use of image registration tool to
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2288	find matching coordinate pairs in overlapping images, so as to improve the
				2289	'fit' of the distortion. Of course a bad coordinate pair can also make the
				2290	'fit' worse. Caution is always advised. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2291
				2292	<p>Colors are acquired from the source image according to the <a
				2293	href="#interpolate" >-interpolate</a> color lookup setting, when the image is
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2294	magnified. However if the viewed image is minified (image becomes smaller),
				2295	a special area resampling function (added ImageMagick v6.3.5-9), is used to
				2296	produce a higher quality image. For example you can use
				2297	a '<kbd>perspective</kbd>' distortion to view a infinitely tiled 'plane' all
				2298	the way to the horizon. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2299
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2300	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>
				2301	convert -size 90x90 pattern:checkerboard -normalize -virtual-pixel tile \<br/>
				2302	-distort perspective '0,0,5,45 89,0,45,46 0,89,0,89 89,89,89,89' \<br/>
				2303	checks_tiled.jpg</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2304	<p>Note that a infinitely tiled perspective images involving the horizon can
				2305	be very slow to generate due to the use of the high quality 'area resampling'
				2306	function (added ImageMagick v6.3.5-9). You can turn off 'area resampling'
				2307	using a <a href="#filter" >-filter</a> setting of '<kbd>point</kbd>'
				2308	(recommended if you plan to use super-sampling instead). </p>
				2309
				2310	<p>If an image generates <i>invalid pixels</i>, such as the 'sky' in the last
				2311	'<kbd>perspective</kbd>' distortion example, <a href="#distort" >-distort</a>
				2312	will use the current <a href="#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a> setting for these
				2313	pixels. If you do not what these pixels to be visible, set the color to match
				2314	the rest of the ground. </p>
				2315
				2316	<p>The output image size will by default be the same as the input image. This
				2317	means that if the part of the distorted image falls outside the viewed area of
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2318	the 'distorted space', those parts is clipped and lost. However if you use
				2319	the plus form of the operator (<a href="#distort" >+distort</a>) the operator
				2320	will attempt (if possible) to show the whole of the distorted image, while
				2321	retaining a correct 'virtual canvas' offset, for image layering. This offset
				2322	may need to be removed using <a href="#repage" >+repage</a>, to remove if it
				2323	is unwanted. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2324
				2325	<p>You can alternatively specify a special "<kbd><a href="#set" >-set</a>
				2326	option:distort:viewport {geometry_string}</kbd>" setting which will specify
				2327	the size and the offset of the generated 'viewport' image of the distorted
				2328	image space.</p>
				2329
				2330	<p>Adding a "<kbd><a href="#set" >-set</a> option:distort:scale
				2331	{scale_factor}</kbd>" will scale the output image (viewport or otherwise) by
				2332	that factor without changing the viewed contents of the distorted image. This
				2333	can be used either for 'super-sampling' the image for a higher quality result,
				2334	or for panning and zooming around the image (with appropriate viewport
				2335	changes, or post-distort cropping and resizing). </p>
				2336
				2337	<p>Setting <a href="#verbose" >-verbose</a> setting, will cause <a
				2338	href="#distort" >-distort</a> to attempt to output the internal coefficients,
				2339	and the <a href="#fx" >-fx</a> equivalent to the distortion, for expert study,
				2340	and debugging purposes. This many not be available for all distorts. </p>
				2341
				2342	<p>Affine rotations and shears (such as '<kbd>SRT</kbd>' distortion), tend to
				2343	produce a cleaner result that the equivalent <a href="#rotate" >-rotate</a>
				2344	and/or <a href="#shear" >-shear</a> operation, with more control of due to the
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2345	above settings. It is algorithmically slower however, though that may not be
				2346	the case in ImageMagick's implementation. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2347
				2348
				2349	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2350	<h4><a id="dither"></a>-dither <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2351	</div>
				2352
				2353	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a Riemersma or Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion dither to images when general color reduction is applied via an option, or automagically when saving to specific formats. This enabled by default. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2354
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2355	<p>Dithering places two or more colors in neighboring pixels so that to the eye a closer approximation of the images original color is reproduced. This reduces the number of colors needed to reproduce the image but at the cost of a lower level pattern of colors. Error diffusion dithers can use any set of colors (generated or user defined) to an image. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2356
				2357	<p>Dithering is turned on by default, to turn it off use the plus form of the
				2358	setting, <a href="#dither">+dither</a>. This will also also render PostScript
				2359	without text or graphic aliasing. Disabling dithering often (but not always)
				2360	leads to faster process, a smaller number of colors, but more cartoon like
				2361	image coloring. Generally resulting in 'color banding' effects in areas with
				2362	color gradients. </p>
				2363
				2364	<p>The color reduction operators <a href="#colors">-colors</a>, <a
				2365	href="#monochrome">-monochrome</a>, <a href="#remap ">-remap</a>, and <a href="#posterize">-posterize</a>, apply dithering to images using the reduced color set they created. These operators are also used as part of automatic color reduction when saving images to formats with limited color support, such as <kbd>GIF:</kbd>, <kbd>XBM:</kbd>, and others, so dithering may also be used in these cases. </p>
				2366
				2367	<p>Alternatively you can use <a href="#random-threshold">-random-threshold</a> to generate purely random dither. Or use <a href="#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a> to apply threshold mapped dither patterns, using uniform color maps, rather than specific color maps. </p>
				2368
				2369
				2370	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2371	<h4><a id="draw"></a>-draw <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2372	</div>
				2373
				2374	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Annotate an image with one or more graphic primitives.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2375
				2376	<p>Use this option to annotate or decorate an image with one or more graphic primitives. The primitives include shapes, text, transformations, and pixel operations.</p>
				2377
				2378	<p>The shape primitives:</p>
				2379
				2380	<pre class="text">
				2381	point x,y
				2382	line x0,y0 x1,y1
				2383	rectangle x0,y0 x1,y1
				2384	roundRectangle x0,y0 x1,y1 wc,hc
				2385	arc x0,y0 x1,y1 a0,a1
				2386	ellipse x0,y0 rx,ry a0,a1
				2387	circle x0,y0 x1,y1
				2388	polyline x0,y0 ... xn,yn
				2389	polygon x0,y0 ... xn,yn
				2390	bezier x0,y0 ... xn,yn
				2391	path path specification
				2392	image operator x0,y0 w,h filename
				2393	</pre>
				2394
				2395	<p>The text primitive:</p>
				2396
				2397	<pre class="text">
				2398	text x0,y0 string
				2399	</pre>
				2400	<p>The text gravity primitive:</p>
				2401
				2402	<pre class="text">
				2403	gravity NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center,
				2404	East, SouthWest, South, or SouthEast
				2405	</pre>
				2406
				2407	<p>The text gravity primitive only affects the placement of text and does not interact with the other primitives. It is equivalent to using the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> command-line option, except that it is limited in scope to the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option in which it appears.</p>
				2408
				2409	<p>The transformation primitives:</p>
				2410
				2411	<pre class="text">
				2412	rotate degrees
				2413	translate dx,dy
				2414	scale sx,sy
				2415	skewX degrees
				2416	skewY degrees
				2417	</pre>
				2418
				2419	<p>The pixel operation primitives:</p>
				2420
				2421	<pre class="text">
				2422	color x0,y0 method
				2423	matte x0,y0 method
				2424	</pre>
				2425
				2426	<p>The shape primitives are drawn in the color specified by the preceding <a href="#fill">-fill</a> setting. For unfilled shapes, use <a href="#fill">-fill none</a>. You can optionally control the stroke (the "outline" of a shape) with the <a href="#stroke">-stroke</a> and <a href="#strokewidth">-strokewidth</a> settings.</p>
				2427
				2428	<p>A <kbd>point</kbd> primitive is specified by a single <em>point</em> in the pixel plane, that is, by an ordered pair of integer coordinates, <em>x</em>,<em>y</em>. (As it involves only a single pixel, a <kbd>point</kbd> primitive is not affected by <a href="#stroke">-stroke</a> or <a href="#strokewidth">-strokewidth</a>.)</p>
				2429
				2430	<p>A <kbd>line</kbd> primitive requires a start point and end point.</p>
				2431
				2432	<p>A <kbd>rectangle</kbd> primitive is specified by the pair of points at the upper left and lower right corners.</p>
				2433
				2434	<p>A <kbd>roundRectangle</kbd> primitive takes the same corner points as a <kbd>rectangle</kbd> followed by the width and height of the rounded corners to be removed.</p>
				2435
				2436	<p>The <kbd>circle</kbd> primitive makes a disk (filled) or circle (unfilled). Give the center and any point on the perimeter (boundary).</p>
				2437
				2438	<p>The <kbd>arc</kbd> primitive is used to inscribe an elliptical segment in to a given rectangle. An <kbd>arc</kbd> requires the two corners used for <kbd>rectangle</kbd> (see above) followed by the start and end angles of the arc of the segment segment (e.g. 130,30 200,100 45,90). The start and end points produced are then joined with a line segment and the resulting segment of an ellipse is filled.</p>
				2439
				2440	<p>Use <kbd>ellipse</kbd> to draw a partial (or whole) ellipse. Give the center point, the horizontal and vertical "radii" (the <em>semi-axes</em> of the ellipse) and start and end angles in degrees (e.g. 100,100 100,150 0,360).</p>
				2441
				2442	<p>The <kbd>polyline</kbd> and <kbd>polygon</kbd> primitives require three or more points to define their perimeters. A <kbd>polyline</kbd> is simply a <kbd>polygon</kbd> in which the final point is not stroked to the start point. When unfilled, this is a <em>polygonal line</em>. If the <a href="#stroke">-stroke</a> setting is <kbd>none</kbd> (the default), then a <kbd>polyline</kbd> is identical to a <kbd>polygon</kbd>.
				2443	</p>
				2444
				2445	<p>A <em>coordinate</em> is a pair of integers separated by a space or optional comma. </p>
				2446
				2447	<p>As an example, to define a circle centered at 100,100 that extends to 150,150 use:</p>
				2448
				2449	<p class="crtsnip">
				2450	-draw 'circle 100,100 150,150'
				2451	</p>
				2452
				2453	<p>The <kbd>Bezier</kbd> primitive creates a spline curve and requires three or points to define its shape. The first and last points are the <em>knots</em> and these points are attained by the curve, while any intermediate coordinates are <em>control points</em>. If two control points are specified, the line between each end knot and its sequentially respective control point determines the tangent direction of the curve at that end. If one control point is specified, the lines from the end knots to the one control point determines the tangent directions of the curve at each end. If more than two control points are specified, then the additional control points act in combination to determine the intermediate shape of the curve. In order to
				2454	draw complex curves, it is highly recommended either to use the <kbd>path</kbd> primitive or to draw multiple four-point bezier segments with the start and end knots of each successive segment repeated. For example:</p>
				2455
				2456	<p class="crtsnip">
				2457	-draw 'bezier 20,50 45,100 45,0 70,50'
				2458	</p>
				2459	<p class="crtsnip">
				2460	-draw 'bezier 70,50 95,100 95,0 120,50'
				2461	</p>
				2462
				2463
				2464	<p>A <kbd>path</kbd> represents an outline of an object, defined in terms of moveto (set a new current point), lineto (draw a straight line), curveto (draw a Bezier curve), arc (elliptical or circular arc) and closepath (close the current shape by drawing a line to the last moveto) elements. Compound paths (i.e., a path with subpaths, each consisting of a single moveto followed by one or more line or curve operations) are possible to allow effects such as <em>donut holes</em> in objects. (See <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/paths.html">Paths</a>.)</p>
				2465
				2466	<p>Use <kbd>image</kbd> to composite an image with another image. Follow the image keyword with the composite operator, image location, image size, and filename:</p>
				2467
				2468	<p class="crtsnip">
				2469	-draw 'image SrcOver 100,100 225,225 image.jpg'
				2470	</p>
				2471
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2472	<p>You can use 0,0 for the image size, which means to use the actual
				2473	dimensions found in the image header. Otherwise, it is scaled to the given
				2474	dimensions. See <a href="../www/compose.html">Alpha Compositing</a> for
				2475	a detailed discussion of alpha composition methods that are available. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2476
				2477	<p>Use <kbd>text</kbd> to annotate an image with text. Follow the text coordinates with a string. If the string has embedded spaces, enclose it in single or double quotes.</p>
				2478
				2479	<p>For example, the following annotates the image with <kbd>Works like magick!</kbd> for an image titled <kbd>bird.miff</kbd>. </p>
				2480
				2481	<p class="crtsnip">
				2482	-draw 'text 100,100 "Works like magick!"'
				2483	</p>
				2484
				2485	<p>See the <a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> option for another convenient way to annotate an image with text.</p>
				2486
				2487	<p>The <kbd>rotate</kbd> primitive rotates subsequent shape primitives and text primitives about the origin of the main image. If the <a href="#region">-region</a> option precedes the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option, the origin for transformations is the upper left corner of the region.</p>
				2488
				2489	<p>The <kbd>translate</kbd> primitive translates subsequent shape and text primitives.</p>
				2490
				2491	<p>The <kbd>scale</kbd> primitive scales them.</p>
				2492
				2493	<p>The <kbd>skewX</kbd> and <kbd>skewY</kbd> primitives skew them with respect to the origin of the main image or the region.</p>
				2494
				2495	<p>The transformations modify the current affine matrix, which is initialized from the initial affine matrix defined by the <a href="#affine">-affine</a> option. Transformations are cumulative within the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option. The initial affine matrix is not affected; that matrix is only changed by the appearance of another <a href="#affine">-affine</a> option. If another <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option appears, the current affine matrix is reinitialized from the initial affine
				2496	matrix.</p>
				2497
				2498	<p>Use the <kbd>color</kbd> primitive to change the color of a pixel to the fill color (see <a href="#fill">-fill</a>). Follow the pixel coordinate with a method:</p>
				2499
				2500	<pre class="text">
				2501	point
				2502	replace
				2503	floodfill
				2504	filltoborder
				2505	reset
				2506	</pre>
				2507
				2508	<p>Consider the target pixel as that specified by your coordinate. The <kbd>point</kbd> method recolors the target pixel. The <kbd>replace</kbd> method recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel. <kbd>Floodfill</kbd> recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel and is a neighbor, whereas <kbd>filltoborder</kbd> recolors any neighbor pixel that is not the border color. Finally, <kbd>reset</kbd> recolors all pixels.</p>
				2509
				2510	<p>Use <kbd>matte</kbd> to the change the pixel matte value to transparent. Follow the pixel coordinate with a method (see the <kbd>color</kbd> primitive for a description of methods). The <kbd>point</kbd> method changes the matte value of the target pixel. The <kbd>replace</kbd> method changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel. <kbd>Floodfill</kbd> changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel and is a neighbor, whereas <kbd>filltoborder</kbd> changes the matte value of any neighbor pixel that is not the border color (<a href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a>). Finally <kbd>reset</kbd> changes the matte value of all pixels.</p>
				2511
				2512	<p>You can set the primitive color, font, and font bounding box color with <a href="#fill">-fill</a>, <a href="#font">-font</a>, and <a href="#box">-box</a> respectively. Options are processed in command line order so be sure to use these options <em>before</em> the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option.</p>
				2513
				2514	<p>Strings that begin with a number must be quoted (e.g. use '1.png' rather than 1.png).</p>
				2515
				2516	<p>Drawing primitives conform to the <a href="../www/magick-vector-graphics.html">Magick Vector Graphics</a> format.</p>
				2517
				2518
				2519	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2520	<h4><a id="edge"></a>-edge <em class="arg">radius</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2521	</div>
				2522
				2523	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>detect edges within an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2524
				2525	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2526	<h4><a id="emboss"></a>-emboss <em class="arg">radius</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2527	</div>
				2528
				2529	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>emboss an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2530
				2531	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2532	<h4><a id="encipher"></a>-encipher <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2533	</div>
				2534
				2535	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Encipher pixels for later deciphering by <a href="#decipher">-decipher</a>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2536
				2537	<p>Get the passphrase from the file specified by <em class="arg">filename</em>.</p>
				2538
				2539	<p>For more information, see the webpage, <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/www/cipher.html">ImageMagick: Encipher or Decipher an Image</a>.</p>
				2540
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2541
				2542
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2543	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2544	<h4><a id="encoding"></a>-encoding <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2545	</div>
				2546
				2547	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the text encoding.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2548
				2549	<p>Choose from <kbd>AdobeCustom</kbd>, <kbd>AdobeExpert</kbd>, <kbd>AdobeStandard</kbd>, <kbd>AppleRoman</kbd>, <kbd>BIG5</kbd>, <kbd>GB2312</kbd>, <kbd>Latin 2</kbd>, <kbd>None</kbd>, <kbd>SJIScode</kbd>, <kbd>Symbol</kbd>, <kbd>Unicode</kbd>, <kbd>Wansung</kbd>.</p>
				2550
				2551	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2552	<h4><a id="endian"></a>-endian <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2553	</div>
				2554
				2555	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify endianness (<kbd>MSB</kbd> or <kbd>LSB</kbd>) of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2556
				2557	<p>To print a complete list of endian types, use the <a href="#list">-list endian</a> option.</p>
				2558
				2559	<p>Use <a href="#endian">+endian</a> to revert to unspecified endianness.</p>
				2560
				2561
				2562	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2563	<h4><a id="enhance"></a>-enhance</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2564	</div>
				2565
				2566	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a digital filter to enhance a noisy image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2567
				2568
				2569	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2570	<h4><a id="equalize"></a>-equalize</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2571	</div>
				2572
				2573	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>perform histogram equalization on the image channel-by-channel.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2574
				2575	<p>To perform histogram equalization on all channels in concert, transform the image into some other color space, such as HSL, OHTA, YIQ or YUV, then equalize the appropriate intensity-like channel, then convert back to RGB.</p>
				2576
				2577	<p>For example using HSL, we have: ... <kbd>-colorspace HSL -channel lightness -equalize -colorspace RGB</kbd> ...</p>
				2578
				2579	<p>For YIQ, YUV and OHTA use the red channel. For example, OHTA is a principal components transformation that puts most of the information in the first channel. Here we have ... <kbd>-colorspace OHTA -channel red -equalize -colorspace RGB</kbd> ...</p>
				2580
				2581	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2582	<h4><a id="evaluate"></a>-evaluate <em class="arg">operator value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2583	</div>
				2584
				2585	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Alter channel pixels by evaluating an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2586
				2587	<p>(See the <a href="#function" >-function</a> operator for some multi-parameter functions. See the <a href="#fx" >-fx</a> operator if more elaborate calculations are needed.)</p>
				2588
				2589	<p>The behaviors of each <em class="arg">operator</em> are summarized in the following list. For brevity, the numerical value of a "pixel" referred to below is the value of the corresponding channel of that pixel, while a "normalized pixel" is that number divided by the maximum (installation-dependent) value <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>. (If normalized pixels are used, they are restored, following the other calculations, to the full range by multiplying by <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.)</p>
				2590
				2591	<table class="doc">
				2592	<col width="25%" />
				2593	<col width="75%" />
				2594	<thead>
				2595	<tr>
				2596	<th><em class="arg">operator</em></th>
				2597	<th>Summary (see further below for details)</th>
				2598	</tr>
				2599	</thead>
				2600	<tbody>
				2601
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2602	<tr><td>Abs </td> <td>Add <em class="arg">value</em> to pixels and return absolute value. </td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2603	<tr><td>Add </td> <td>Add <em class="arg">value</em> to pixels. </td></tr>
				2604	<tr><td>AddModulus </td> <td>Add <em class="arg">value</em> to pixels modulo <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.</td></tr>
				2605	<tr><td>And </td> <td>Binary AND of pixels with <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2606	<tr><td>Cos, Cosine </td> <td>Apply cosine to pixels with frequency <em class="arg">value</em> with 50% bias added.</td></tr>
				2607	<tr><td>Divide </td> <td>Divide pixels by <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
cristy	5063d81	2010-10-19 16:28:10 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2608	<tr><td>Exp </td> <td>base-e exponential function</td></tr>
				2609	<tr><td>Exponential </td> <td>base-e exponential function</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2610	<tr><td>LeftShift </td> <td>Shift the pixel values left by <em class="arg">value</em> bits (i.e., multiply pixels by 2<sup><em class="arg">value</em></sup>).</td></tr>
				2611	<tr><td>Log </td> <td>Apply scaled logarithm to normalized pixels.</td></tr>
				2612	<tr><td>Max </td> <td>Clip pixels at lower bound <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
cristy	63fed27	2010-03-07 19:08:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2613	<tr><td>Mean </td> <td>Add the <em class="arg">value</em> and divide by 2.</td></tr>
cristy	61365ad	2010-11-28 02:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2614	<tr><td>Median </td> <td>Choose the median value from an image sequence.</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2615	<tr><td>Min </td> <td>Clip pixels at upper bound <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2616	<tr><td>Multiply </td> <td>Multiply pixels by <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2617	<tr><td>Or </td> <td>Binary OR of pixels with <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2618	<tr><td>Pow </td> <td>Raise normalized pixels to the power <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2619	<tr><td>RightShift </td> <td>Shift the pixel values right by <em class="arg">value</em> bits (i.e., divide pixels by 2<sup><em class="arg">value</em></sup>).</td></tr>
				2620	<tr><td>Set </td> <td>Set pixel equal to <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2621	<tr><td>Sin, Sine </td> <td>Apply sine to pixels with frequency <em class="arg">value</em> with 50% bias added.</td></tr>
				2622	<tr><td>Subtract </td> <td>Subtract <em class="arg">value</em> from pixels.</td></tr>
				2623	<tr><td>Xor </td> <td>Binary XOR of pixels with <em class="arg">value.</em></td></tr>
				2624
				2625	<tr><td> </td></tr>
				2626
				2627	<tr><td>Gaussian-noise</td></tr>
				2628	<tr><td>Impulse-noise</td></tr>
				2629	<tr><td>Laplacian-noise</td></tr>
				2630	<tr><td>Multiplicative-noise</td> <td>(These are equivalent to the corresponding <a href="#noise" >-noise</a> operators.)</td></tr>
				2631	<tr><td>PoissonNoise</td></tr>
				2632	<tr><td>Uniform-noise</td></tr>
				2633
				2634	<tr><td> </td></tr>
				2635
				2636	<tr><td>Threshold </td> <td>Threshold pixels larger than <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2637	<tr><td>ThresholdBlack </td> <td>Threshold pixels to zero values equal to or below <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2638	<tr><td>ThresholdWhite </td> <td>Threshold pixels to maximum values above <em class="arg">value</em>. </td></tr>
				2639	</tbody>
				2640	</table>
				2641
				2642	<p>The specified functions are applied only to each previously set <a
				2643	href="#channel" >-channel</a> in the image. If necessary, the results of the
				2644	calculations are truncated (clipped) to fit in the interval [0, <em
				2645	class="QR">QuantumRange</em>]. The transparency channel of the image is
				2646	represented as a 'alpha' values (0 = fully transparent), so, for example, a
				2647	<kbd>Divide</kbd> by 2 of the alpha channel will make the image
				2648	semi-transparent. Append the percent symbol '<kbd>%</kbd>' to specify a value
				2649	as a percentage of the <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.</p>
				2650
				2651	<p>To print a complete list of <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operators, use
				2652	<a href="#list">-list evaluate</a>.</p>
				2653
				2654	<p>The results of the <kbd>Add</kbd>, <kbd>Subtract</kbd> and
				2655	<kbd>Multiply</kbd> methods can also be achieved using either the <a
				2656	href="#level" >-level</a> or the <a href="#level" >+level</a> operator, with
				2657	appropriate argument, to linearly modify the overall range of color values.
				2658	Please note, however, that <a href="#level" >-level</a> treats transparency as
				2659	'matte' values (0 = opaque), while <a href="#level" >-evaluate</a> works with
				2660	'alpha' values.</p>
				2661
				2662	<p><kbd>AddModulus</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.8-4 and provides addition modulo the <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>. It is therefore equivalent to <kbd>Add</kbd> unless the resulting pixel value is outside the interval [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>]. </p>
				2663
cristy	ce66ab1	2010-10-21 23:36:32 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2664	<p><kbd>Exp or Exponential</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.6.5-1 and works on normalized pixel values. The <em class="arg">value</em> used with <kbd>Exp</kbd> should be negative so as to produce a decaying exponential function. Non-negative values will always produce results larger unity and thus outside the interval [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>]. The formula is expressed below. </p>
				2665
				2666	<div style="text-align:center;">
				2667	exp(<em class="arg">value</em> × <b><em>u</em></b>)
				2668	</div>
				2669
				2670	<p> If the input image is squared, for example, using <a
				2671	href="#-function" >-function polynomial "2 0 0"</a>, then a decaying Gaussian function will be the result.</p>
				2672
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2673	<p><kbd>Log</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.2-1 and works on normalized pixel values. This a <em>scaled</em> log function. The <em class="arg">value</em> used with <kbd>Log</kbd> provides a <em>scaling factor</em> that adjusts the curvature in the graph of the log function. The formula applied to a normalized value <b><em>u</em></b> is below. </p>
				2674
				2675	<div style="text-align:center;">
				2676	log(<em class="arg">value</em> × <b><em>u</em></b> + 1) / log(<em class="arg">value</em> + 1)
				2677	</div>
				2678
				2679	<p><kbd>Pow</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.1-9, and works on
				2680	normalized pixel values. Note that <kbd>Pow</kbd> is related to the <a
				2681	href="#gamma" >-gamma</a> operator. For example, <b>-gamma 2</b> is equivalent
				2682	to <b>-evaluate pow 0.5</b>, i.e., a 'square root' function. The value used
				2683	with <a href="#gamma" >-gamma</a> is simply the reciprocal of the value used
				2684	with <kbd>Pow</kbd>.</p>
				2685
				2686	<p><kbd>Cosine</kbd> and <kbd>Sine</kbd> was added as of IM v6.4.8-8 and
				2687	converts the image values into a value according to a (co)sine wave function.
				2688	The synonyms <kbd>Cos</kbd> and <kbd>Sin</kbd> may also be used. The output
				2689	is biased 50% and normalized by 50% so as to fit in the respective color value
				2690	range. The <em class="arg">value</em> scaling of the <em>period</em> of the
				2691	function (its frequency), and thus determines the number of 'waves' that will
				2692	be generated over the input color range. For example, if the <em
				2693	class="arg">value</em> is 1, the effective period is simply the <em
				2694	class="QR">QuantumRange</em>; but if the <em class="arg">value</em> is 2,
				2695	then the effective period is the <em>half</em> the <em
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2696	class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2697
				2698	<div style="text-align:center;">
				2699	0.5 + 0.5 × cos(2 π <b><em>u</em></b> × <em class="arg">value</em>).
				2700	</div>
				2701
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2702	<p>See also the <a href="#function" >-function</a> operator, which is a
				2703	multi-value version of evaluate. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2704
cristy	63fed27	2010-03-07 19:08:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2705	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2706	<h4><a id="evaluate-sequence"></a>-evaluate-sequence <em class="arg">operator</em></h4>
cristy	63fed27	2010-03-07 19:08:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2707	</div>
				2708
				2709	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Alter channel pixels by evaluating an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression over a sequence of images.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2710
				2711	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2712	<h4><a id="extent"></a>-extent <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2713	</div>
				2714
				2715	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the image size and offset.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2716
cristy	3e2860c	2010-01-24 01:36:30 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2717	<p>If the image is enlarged, unfilled areas are set to the background color. To position the image, use offsets in the <em class="arg">geometry</em> specification or precede with a <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting. To specify how to compose the image with the background, use <a href="#compose" >-compose</a>.</p>
cristy	549177c	2010-11-11 13:51:21 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2718	<p>This command reduces or expands a JPEG image to fit on an 800x600
				2719	display. If the aspect ratio of the input image isn't exactly 4:3, then the
				2720	image is centered on an 800x600 black canvas: </p>
				2721
				2722	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert input.jpg -resize 800x600 -background black -compose Copy \ <br /> -gravity center -extent 800x600 -quality 92 output.jpg</span></p>
				2723
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2724
				2725	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				2726
				2727	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2728	<h4><a id="extract"></a>-extract <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2729	</div>
				2730
				2731	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Extract the specified area from image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2732
				2733	<p>This option is most useful for extracting a subregion of a very large raw image. Note that these two commands are equivalent:</p>
				2734
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2735	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -extract 640x480+1280+960 \ <br/> image.rgb image.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 'image.rgb[640x480+1280+960]' \ <br/> image.rgb image.png</span></p><p>If you omit the offsets, as in</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2736
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2737	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -extract 640x480 \ <br/> image.rgb image.png</span></p>
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2738	<p>the image is <em>resized</em> to the specified dimensions instead,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2739	equivalent to:</p>
				2740
				2741	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -resize 640x480 image.rgb image.png</span></p>
				2742	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				2743
				2744	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2745	<h4><a id="family"></a>-family <em class="arg">fontFamily</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2746	</div>
				2747
				2748	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a font family for text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2749
				2750	<p>This setting suggests a font family that ImageMagick should try to use for rendering text. If the family can be found it is used; if not, a default font (e.g., "Arial") or a family known to be similar is substituted (e.g., "Courier" might be used if "System" is requested but not found).
				2751	</p>
				2752
				2753	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, <a href="#style">-style</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>.
				2754	</p>
				2755
				2756	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2757	<h4><a id="features"></a>-features <em class="arg">distance</em></h4>
cristy	7396d88	2010-01-27 02:37:56 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2758	</div>
				2759
				2760	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>display features for each channel in the image in each of four directions (horizontal, vertical, left and right diagonals) for the specified distance.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2761
				2762	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2763	<h4><a id="fft"></a>-fft</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2764	</div>
				2765
				2766	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>implements the forward discrete Fourier transform (DFT).</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2767
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2768	<p>This option is new as of ImageMagick 6.5.4-3 (and now working for Windows users in ImageMagick 6.6.0-9). It transforms an image from the normal (spatial) domain to the frequency domain. In the frequency domain, an image is represented as a superposition of complex sinusoidal waves of varying amplitudes. The image x and y coordinates are the possible frequencies along the x and y directions, respectively, and the pixel intensity values are complex numbers that correspond to the sinusoidal wave amplitudes. See for example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform">Fourier Transform</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFT">Discrete Fourier Transform</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFT">Fast Fourier Transform</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2769
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2770	<p>A single image name is provided as output for this option. However, the output result will have two components. It is either a two-frame image or two separate images, depending upon whether the image format specified supports multi-frame images. The reason that we get a dual output result is because the frequency domain represents an image using complex numbers, which cannot be visualized directly. Therefore, the complex values are automagically separated into a two-component image representation. The first component is the magnitude of the complex number and the second is the phase of the complex number. See for example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_numbers">Complex Numbers</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2771
				2772	<p>The magnitude and phase component images must be specified using image formats that do not limit the color or compress the image. Thus, MIFF, TIF, PFM, EXR and PNG are the recommended image formats to use. All of these formats, except PNG support multi-frame images. So for example,</p>
				2773
				2774	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -fft fft_image.miff</span></p>
				2775	<p>generates a magnitude image as <kbd>fft_image.miff[0]</kbd> and a phase image as <kbd>fft_image.miff[1]</kbd>. Similarly,</p>
				2776
				2777	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -fft fft_image.png</span></p>
				2778	<p>generates a magnitude image as <kbd>fft_image-0.png</kbd> and a phase image as <kbd>fft_image-1.png</kbd>. If you prefer this representation, then you can force any of the other formats to produce two output images by including <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> following -fft in the command line.</p>
				2779
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2780	<p>The input image can be any size, but if not square and even-dimensioned, it is padded automagically to the larger of the width or height of the input image and to an even number of pixels. The padding will occur at the bottom and/or right sides of the input image. The resulting output magnitude and phase images is square at this size. The kind of padding relies on the <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2781
				2782	<p>Both output components will have dynamic ranges that fit within [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>], so that HDRI need not be enabled. Phase values nominally range from 0 to 2*π, but for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick, the phase image is scaled to span the full dynamic range. The magnitude image is not scaled and thus generally will contain very small values. As such, the image normally will appear totally black. In order to view any detail, the magnitude image typically is enhanced with a log function into what is usually called the spectrum. A log function is used to enhance the darker values more in comparison to the lighter values. This can be done, for example, as follows:</p>
				2783
				2784	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert fft_image.miff[0] -contrast-stretch 0 \ <br />
				2785	-evaluate log 1000 fft_image_spectrum.png</span></p>
				2786	<p>where the <a href="#contrast-stretch">-contrast-stretch</a> 0 is used to scale the image to full dynamic range, first. The argument to the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> log typically is specified between 100 and 10,000, depending upon the amount of detail that one wants to bring out in the spectrum. Larger values produce more visible detail. Too much detail, however, may hide the important features.</p>
				2787
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2788	<p>The <a href="http://www.fftw.org/">FFTW</a> delegate library is required to use <a href="#fft">-fft</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2789
				2790	<p>Use <a href="#fft">+fft</a> to produce two output images that are the real and imaginary components of the complex valued Fourier transform.</p>
				2791
				2792	<p>However, as the real and imaginary components can contain negative values, this requires that IM be configured with HDRI enabled. In this case, you must use either MIFF, TIF or PFM formats for the real and imaginary component results, since they are formats that preserve both negative and fractional values without clipping them or truncating the fractional part.</p>
				2793
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2794	<p>The real and imaginary component images resulting from <a href="#fft">+fft</a> is also square, even dimensioned images due to the same padding that was discussed above for the magnitude and phase component images.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2795
				2796	<p>See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page
				2797	<a href="/www/high-dynamic-range.html">High Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri">Usage</a> pages or this <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a> entry.
				2798	</p>
				2799
				2800
				2801	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2802	<h4><a id="fill"></a>-fill <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2803	</div>
				2804
				2805	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>color to use when filling a graphic primitive.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2806
				2807	<p>This option accepts a color name, a hex color, or a numerical RGB, RGBA, HSL, HSLA, CMYK, or CMYKA specification. See <a href="../www/color.html">Color Names</a> for a description of how to properly specify the color argument.</p>
				2808
				2809	<p>Enclose the color specification in quotation marks to prevent the "#" or the parentheses from being interpreted by your shell.</p>
				2810
				2811	<p>For example,</p>
				2812
				2813	<p class="crtsnip">
				2814	-fill blue
				2815	</p>
				2816	<p class="crtsnip">
				2817	-fill "#ddddff"
				2818	</p>
				2819	<p class="crtsnip">
				2820	-fill "rgb(255,255,255)"
				2821	</p>
				2822
				2823	<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				2824
				2825	<p>To print a complete list of color names, use the <a href="#list">-list color</a> option.</p>
				2826
				2827	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2828	<h4><a id="filter"></a>-filter <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2829	</div>
				2830
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2831	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Use this <em class="arg">type</em> of filter when resizing or
				2832	distorting an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2833
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2834	<p>Use this option to affect the resizing operation of an image during
				2835	operations such as <a href="#resize">-resize</a> and <a href="#distort"
				2836	>-distort</a>. For example you can use a simple resize filter such as:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2837
				2838	<pre class="text">
				2839	Point Hermite Cubic
				2840	Box Gaussian Catrom
				2841	Triangle Quadratic Mitchell
				2842	</pre>
				2843
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2844	<p>The <kbd>Bessel</kbd> and <kbd>Sinc</kbd> filter is also provided (as well
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2845	as a faster <kbd>SincFast</kbd> equivalent form). However these filters are
				2846	generally useless on their own as they are infinite filters that are being
				2847	clipped to the filters support size. Their direct use is not recommended
				2848	except via expert settings (see below). </p>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2849
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2850	<p>Instead these special filter functions are typically windowed by a windowing
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2851	function that the <a href="#filter" >-filter</a> setting defines. That is
				2852	using these functions will define a 'Windowed' filter, appropriate to the
				2853	operator involved. Windowed filters include: </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2854
				2855	<pre class="text">
				2856	Lanczos Hamming Parzen
				2857	Blackman Kaiser Welsh
				2858	Hanning Bartlett Bohman
				2859	</pre>
				2860
				2861	<p>Also one special self-windowing filter is also provided
				2862	<kbd>Lagrange</kbd>, which will automagically re-adjust its function depending
				2863	on the current 'support' or 'lobes' expert settings (see below).</p>
				2864
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2865	<p>If you do not select a filter with this option, the filter defaults to
				2866	<kbd>Mitchell</kbd> for a colormapped image, a image with a matte channel, or
				2867	if the image is enlarged. Otherwise the filter default to
				2868	<kbd>Lanczos</kbd>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2869
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2870	<p>To print a complete list of resize filters, use the <a href="#list">-list
				2871	filter</a> option.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2872
				2873	<p>You can modify how the filter behaves as it scales your image through the
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2874	use of these expert settings (see also <a href="#define" >-define</a> and <a
				2875	href="#set" >-set</a>):-</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2876
				2877	<dl class="doc">
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2878	<dt>-define filter:blur=<em>factor</em></dt>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2879	<dd>Scale the X axis of the filter (and its window). Use > 1.0 for
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2880	blurry or < 1.0 for sharp. This should only be used with Gaussian and
				2881	Gaussian-like filters simple filters, or you may not get the expected
				2882	results. </dd>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2883
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2884	<dt>-define filter:support=<em>radius</em></dt>
				2885	<dd>Set the filter support radius. Defines how large the filter should be and
				2886	thus directly defines how slow the filtered resampling process is. All
				2887	filters have a default 'prefered' support size. Some filters like
				2888	<kbd>Lagrange</kbd> and windowed filters adjust themselves depending on
				2889	this value. With simple filters this value either does nothing (but slow
				2890	the resampling), or will clip the filter function in a detrimental way.
				2891	</dd>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2892
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2893	<dt>-define filter:lobes=<em>count</em></dt>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2894	<dd>Set the number of lobes to use for the Sinc/Bessel filter. This an
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2895	alternative way of specifying the 'support' range of the filter, that is
				2896	designed to be more suited to windowed filters, especially when used for
				2897	image distorts.</dd>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2898
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2899	<dt>-define filter:b=<em>b-spline_factor</em></dt>
				2900	<dt>-define filter:c=<em>keys_alpha_factor</em></dt>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2901	<dd>Redefine the values used for cubic filters such as <kbd>Cubic</kbd>,
				2902	<kbd>Catrom</kbd>, <kbd>Mitchel</kbd>, and <kbd>Hermite</kbd>, as well as
				2903	the <kbd>Parzen</kbd> Sinc windowing function. If only one of the values
				2904	are defined, the other is set so as to generate a 'Keys' type cubic
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2905	filter. Values meaning was defined by a research paper by
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2906	Mitchell-Netravali.</dd>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2907
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2908	<dt>-define filter:filter=<em>filter_function</em></dt>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2909	<dd>Use this function directly as the scaling filter. This will allow
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2910	you to directly use a windowing filter such as <kbd>Blackman</kbd>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2911	rather than as its normal usage as a windowing function for 'Sinc' or
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2912	'Bessel' functions. If defined, no windowing function is used, unless the
				2913	following expert setting is also defined.</dd>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2914
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2915	<dt>-define filter:window=<em>filter_function</em></dt>
				2916	<dd>The IIR (infinite impulse response) filters <kbd>Bessel</kbd> and
				2917	<kbd>Sinc</kbd> are windowed (brought down to zero over the defined
				2918	support range) with the given filter. This allows you to specify a filter
				2919	function that is not normally used as a windowing function, such as
				2920	<kbd>Box</kbd>, (which effectively turns off the windowing function),
				2921	to window a <kbd>Sinc</kbd>, or the function the previous setting defined.
				2922	</dd>
				2923
				2924	<dt>-define filter:verbose=<em>1</em></dt>
				2925	<dd>This causes IM to print information on the final internal filter
				2926	selection to standard output. This includes a commented header on the
				2927	filter settings being used, and data allowing the filter weights to be
				2928	easily graphed. </dd>
				2929
				2930	<dd>Note however that some filters are internally defined in terms of other
				2931	filters. The <kbd>Lanczos</kbd> filter for example is defined in terms of
				2932	a <kbd>SincFast</kbd> windowed <kbd>SincFast</kbd> filter, while
				2933	<kbd>Mitchell</kbd> is defined as a <kbd>Cubic</kbd> filter with specific
				2934	'B' and 'C' settings. </dd>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2935
				2936	</dl>
				2937
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2938	<p>For example, to get a 8 lobe Bessel windowed Bessel filter:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2939
				2940	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -filter bessel \ <br/>
				2941	-set filter:window=bessel -set filter:lobes=8 \ <br/>
				2942	-resize 150% image.jpg</span></p>
				2943	<p>Or a raw un-windowed Sinc filter with 4 lobes:</p>
				2944
				2945	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -set filter:filter=sinc -set filter:lobes=4 \ <br/>
				2946	-resize 150% image.jpg</span></p>
				2947	<p>Note that the use of expert options (except for 'blur' with simple resize
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2948	filters, and 'verbose' for viewing the internal filter selection), are
				2949	provided for image processing experts who have studied and understood how
				2950	resize filters work. Without this knowledge, and an understanding of the
				2951	definition of the actual filters involved, using expert settings are more
				2952	likely to be detrimental to your image resizing.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2953
				2954
				2955	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2956	<h4><a id="flatten"></a>-flatten</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2957	</div>
				2958
				2959	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>This is a simple alias for the <a href="#layers" >-layers</a> method "flatten".</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2960
				2961
				2962	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2963	<h4><a id="flip"></a>-flip</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2964	</div>
				2965
				2966	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>create a <em>mirror image</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2967
				2968	<p>reflect the scanlines in the vertical direction.</p>
				2969
				2970	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2971	<h4><a id="floodfill"></a>-floodfill {<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em> <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2972	</div>
				2973
				2974	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>floodfill the image with color at the specified offset. Using <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> to floodfill pixels which only change by a small amount.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2975
				2976	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2977	<h4><a id="flop"></a>-flop</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2978	</div>
				2979
				2980	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>create a <em>mirror image</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2981
				2982	<p>reflect the scanlines in the horizontal direction.</p>
				2983
				2984
				2985	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2986	<h4><a id="font"></a>-font <em class="arg">name</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2987	</div>
				2988
				2989	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the font to use when annotating images with text, or creating labels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2990
				2991	<p>To print a complete list of fonts, use the <a href="#list">-list font</a> option (for versions prior to 6.3.6, use 'type' instead of 'font').</p>
				2992
				2993	<p>In addition to the fonts specified by the above pre-defined list, you can
				2994	also specify a font from a specific source. For example <kbd>Arial.ttf</kbd>
				2995	is a TrueType font file, <kbd>ps:helvetica</kbd> is PostScript font, and
				2996	<kbd>x:fixed</kbd> is X11 font.</p>
				2997
				2998	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, <a href="#style">-style</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
				2999
				3000
				3001	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3002	<h4><a id="foreground"></a>-foreground <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3003	</div>
				3004
				3005	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Define the foreground color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3006
				3007	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				3008
				3009	<p>The default foreground color is black.</p>
				3010
				3011	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3012	<h4><a id="format"></a>-format <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3013	</div>
				3014
				3015	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the image format type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3016
				3017	<p>When used with the <kbd>mogrify</kbd> utility, this option converts any image to the image <a href="/www/formats.html">format</a> you specify. For a list of image format types supported by ImageMagick, use <a href="#list">-list format</a>.</p>
				3018
				3019	<p>By default the file is written to its original name. However, if the filename extension matches a supported format, the extension is replaced with the image format type specified with <a href="#format">-format</a>. For example, if you specify <em class="arg">tiff</em> as the format type and the input image filename is <em class="arg">image.gif</em>, the output image filename becomes <em class="arg">image.tiff</em>.</p>
				3020
				3021	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3022	<h4><a id="format_identify_"></a>-format <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3023	</div>
				3024
				3025	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>output formatted image characteristics.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/identify.html">identify</a>]</td></tr></table>
				3026
				3027	<p>See <a href="../www/escape.html">Format and Print Image Properties</a> for an explanation on how to specify the argument to this option.</p>
				3028
				3029	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3030	<h4><a id="frame"></a>-frame <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3031	</div>
				3032
				3033	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Surround the image with a border or beveled frame.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3034
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3035	<p>The color of the border is specified with the <a href="#mattecolor"
				3036	>-mattecolor</a> command line option. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3037
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3038	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the <em
				3039	class="arg">geometry</em> argument indicates the amount of extra width and
				3040	height that is added to the dimensions of the image. If no offsets are given
				3041	in the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument, then the border added is
				3042	a solid color. Offsets <em>x</em> and <em>y</em>, if present, specify that
				3043	the width and height of the border is partitioned to form an outer bevel of
				3044	thickness <em>x</em> pixels and an inner bevel of thickness
				3045	<em>y</em> pixels. Negative offsets make no sense as frame arguments.
				3046	</p>
				3047
				3048	<p>The <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option is affected by the current <a
				3049	href="#compose">-compose</a> setting and assumes that this is using the default
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3050	'<kbd>Over</kbd>' composition method. It generates a image of the appropriate
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3051	size with the current <a href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting, and then
				3052	draws the frame of four distinct colors close to the current <a
				3053	href="#mattecolor">-mattecolor</a>. The original image is then overlaid onto
				3054	center of this image. This means that with the default compose method of
				3055	'<kbd>Over</kbd>' any transparent parts may be replaced by the current <a
				3056	href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
				3057
				3058	<p>The image composition is not
				3059	affected by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3060
				3061
				3062	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3063	<h4><a id="frame_import_"></a>-frame</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3064	</div>
				3065
				3066	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>include the X window frame in the imported image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/import.html">import</a>]</td></tr></table>
				3067
				3068	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3069	<h4><a id="function"></a>-function <em class="arg">function</em> <em class="arg">parameters</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3070	</div>
				3071
				3072	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a function to channel values.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3073
				3074	<p>This operator performs calculations based on the given arguments to modify each of the color values for each previously set <a href="#channel">-channel</a> in the image. See <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> for details concerning how the results of the calculations are handled.</p>
				3075
				3076	<p>This is can be considered a multi-argument version of the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator. (Added in ImageMagick 6.4.8−8.)</p>
				3077
				3078	<p>Here, <em class="arg">parameters</em> is a comma-separated list of numerical values. The number of values varies depending on which <em class="arg">function</em> is selected. Choose the <em class="arg">function</em> from:</p>
				3079
				3080	<pre class="text">
				3081	Polynomial
				3082	Sinusoid
				3083	Arcsin
				3084	Arctan
				3085	</pre>
				3086
				3087	<p>To print a complete list of <a href="#function">-function</a> operators, use <a href="#list">-list function</a>. Descriptions follow.</p>
				3088
				3089	<dl class="doc">
				3090	<dt><kbd>Polynomial</kbd></dt>
				3091	<dd>
				3092	<p>The <kbd>Polynomial</kbd> function takes an arbitrary number of parameters, these being the coefficients of a polynomial, in decreasing order of degree. That is, entering</p>
				3093
				3094	<div style="text-align: center">
				3095	-function Polynomial <em>a</em><sub><em>n</em></sub>,<em>a</em><sub><em>n</em>-1</sub>,...<em>a</em><sub>1</sub>,<em>a</em><sub>0</sub>
				3096	</div>
				3097
				3098	<p>will invoke a polynomial function given by</p>
				3099
				3100	<div style="text-align: center">
				3101	<em>a</em><sub><em>n</em></sub> <b><em>u</em></b><sup><em>n</em></sup> +
				3102	<em>a</em><sub><em>n</em>-1</sub> <b><em>u</em></b><sup><em>n</em>-1</sup> +
				3103	··· <em>a</em><sub>1</sub> <b><em>u</em></b> + <em>a</em><sub>0</sub>,
				3104	</div>
				3105
				3106	<p>where <b><em>u</em></b> is pixel's original normalized channel value.</p>
				3107
				3108	<p>The <kbd>Polynomial</kbd> function can be used in place of <kbd>Set</kbd> (the <em>constant</em> polynomial) and <kbd>Add</kbd>, <kbd>Divide</kbd>, <kbd>Multiply</kbd>, and <kbd>Subtract</kbd> (some <em>linear</em> polynomials) of the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator. The <a href="#level">-level</a> operator also affects channels linearly. Some correspondences follow.</p>
				3109
				3110	<table class="doc">
				3111	<col width="35%" />
				3112	<col width="35%" />
				3113	<col width="30%" />
				3114	<tr>
				3115	<td>-evaluate Set <em class="arg">value</em> </td>
				3116	<td>-function Polynomial <em class="arg">value</em></td>
				3117	<td>(Constant functions; set <em class="arg">value</em>×100% gray when channels are RGB.)</td>
				3118	</tr>
				3119	<tr>
				3120	<td>-evaluate Add <em class="arg">value</em> </td>
				3121	<td>-function Polynomial 1,<em class="arg">value</em></td>
				3122	</tr>
				3123	<tr>
				3124	<td>-evaluate Subtract <em class="arg">value</em> </td>
				3125	<td>-function Polynomial 1,−<em class="arg">value</em></td>
				3126	</tr>
				3127	<tr>
				3128	<td>-evaluate Multiply <em class="arg">value</em> </td>
				3129	<td>-function Polynomial <em class="arg">value</em>,0</td>
				3130	</tr>
				3131	<tr>
				3132	<td>+level black% x white%</td>
				3133	<td>-function Polynomial A,B</td>
				3134	<td>(Reduce contrast. Here, A=(white-black)/100 and B=black/100.)</td>
				3135	</tr>
				3136	</table>
				3137
				3138	<p>The <kbd>Polynomial</kbd> function gives great versatility, since polynomials can be used to fit any continuous curve to any degree of accuracy desired.</p>
				3139	</dd>
				3140
				3141	<dt><kbd>Sinusoid</kbd></dt>
				3142	<dd>
				3143	<p>The <kbd>Sinusoid</kbd> function can be used to vary the channel values sinusoidally by setting frequency, phase shift, amplitude, and a bias. These values are given as one to four parameters, as follows,</p>
				3144
				3145	<div style="text-align: center">
				3146	-function <kbd>Sinusoid</kbd> <em class="arg">freq</em>,[<em class="arg">phase</em>,[<em class="arg">amp</em>,[<em class="arg">bias</em>]]]
				3147	</div>
				3148
				3149	<p>where <em>phase</em> is in degrees. (The domain [0,1] of the function corresponds to 0 through <em class="arg">freq</em>×360 degrees.) The result is that if a pixel's normalized channel value is originally <b><em>u</em></b>, its resulting normalized value is given by </p>
				3150
				3151	<div style="text-align: center">
				3152	<em class="arg">amp</em> * sin(2π (<em class="arg">freq</em> * <b><em>u</em></b> + <em class="arg">phase</em> / 360)) + <em class="arg">bias</em>
				3153	</div>
				3154
				3155	<p> For example, the following generates a curve that starts and ends at 0.9 (when <b><em>u</em></b>=0 and 1, resp.), oscillating three times between .7−.2=.5 and .7+.2=.9. </p>
				3156
				3157	<p class="crtsnip">
				3158	-function Sinusoid 3,-90,.2,.7
				3159	</p>
				3160
				3161	<p>The default values of <em class="arg">amp</em> and <em class="arg">bias</em> are both .5. The default for <em class="arg">phase</em> is 0.</p>
				3162
				3163	<p>The <kbd>Sinusoid</kbd> function generalizes <kbd>Sin</kbd> and <kbd>Cos</kbd> of the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator by allowing varying amplitude, phase and bias. The correspondence is as follows.</p>
				3164
				3165	<table class="doc">
				3166	<tr>
				3167	<td>-evaluate Sin <em class="arg">freq</em> </td>
				3168	<td>-function Sinusoid <em class="arg">freq</em>,0 </td>
				3169	</tr>
				3170	<tr>
				3171	<td>-evaluate Cos <em class="arg">freq</em> </td>
				3172	<td>-function Sinusoid <em class="arg">freq</em>,90 </td>
				3173	</tr>
				3174	</table>
				3175	</dd>
				3176
				3177	<dt><kbd>ArcSin</kbd></dt>
				3178	<dd>
				3179	<p>The <kbd>ArcSin</kbd> function generates the inverse curve of a Sinusoid,
				3180	and can be used to generate cylindrical distortion and displacement maps.
				3181	The curve can be adjusted relative to both the input values and output range
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3182	of values.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3183
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3184	<p style="text-align: center">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3185	-function <kbd>ArcSin</kbd> <em class="arg">width</em>,[<em class="arg">center</em>,[<em class="arg">range</em>,[<em class="arg">bias</em>]]]
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3186	</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3187
				3188	<p>with all values given in terms of noramlize color values (0.0 for black,
				3189	1.0 for white). Defaulting to values covering the full range from 0.0 to 1.0
				3190	for bout input (<em class="arg">width</em>), and output (<em
				3191	class="arg">width</em>) values. '<code>1.0,0.5,1.0,0.5</code>' </p>
				3192
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3193	<p style="text-align: center">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3194	<em class="arg">range</em>/π * asin( 2/<em class="arg">width</em> * ( <b><em>u</em></b> - <em class="arg">center</em> ) ) + <em class="arg">bias</em>
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3195	</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3196
				3197	</dd>
				3198
				3199	<dt><kbd>ArcTan</kbd></dt>
				3200	<dd>
				3201	<p>The <kbd>ArcTan</kbd> function generates a curve that smooth crosses from
				3202	limit values at infinities, though a center using the given slope value.
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3203	All these values can be adjusted via the arguments.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3204
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3205	<p style="text-align: center">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3206	-function <kbd>ArcTan</kbd> <em class="arg">slope</em>,[<em class="arg">center</em>,[<em class="arg">range</em>,[<em class="arg">bias</em>]]]
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3207	</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3208
				3209	<p>Defaulting to '<code>1.0,0.5,1.0,0.5</code>'.
				3210	</p>
				3211
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3212	<p style="text-align: center">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3213	<em class="arg">range</em>/π * atan( <em class="arg">slope</em>π ( <b><em>u</em></b> - <em class="arg">center</em> ) ) + <em class="arg">bias</em>
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3214	</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3215
				3216	</dd>
				3217
				3218	</dl>
				3219
				3220
				3221	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3222	<h4><a id="fuzz"></a>-fuzz <em class="arg">distance</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3223	</div>
				3224
				3225	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Colors within this <em class="arg">distance</em> are considered equal.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3226
				3227	<p>A number of algorithms search for a target color. By default the color must be exact. Use this option to match colors that are close to the target color in RGB space. For example, if you want to automagically trim the edges of an image with <a href="#trim">-trim</a> but the image was scanned and the target background color may differ by a small amount. This option can account for these differences.</p>
				3228
				3229	<p>The <em class="arg">distance</em> can be in absolute intensity units or, by appending <kbd>%</kbd> as a percentage of the maximum possible intensity (255, 65535, or 4294967295).</p>
				3230
				3231
				3232	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3233	<h4><a id="fx"></a>-fx <em class="arg">expression</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3234	</div>
				3235
				3236	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a mathematical expression to an image or image channels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3237
				3238	<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">expression</em> is <kbd>@</kbd>, the expression is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string.</p>
				3239
				3240	<p>See <a href="../www/fx.html">FX, The Special Effects Image Operator</a> for a detailed discussion of this option.</p>
				3241
				3242
				3243	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3244	<h4><a id="gamma"></a>-gamma <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3245	</div>
				3246
				3247	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>level of gamma correction.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3248
				3249	<p>The same color image displayed on two different workstations may look different due to differences in the display monitor. Use gamma correction to adjust for this color difference. Reasonable values extend from <kbd>0.8</kbd> to <kbd>2.3</kbd>. Gamma less than 1.0 darkens the image and gamma greater than 1.0 lightens it. Large adjustments to image gamma may result in the loss of some image information if the pixel quantum size is only eight bits (quantum range 0 to 255).</p>
				3250
				3251	<p>Gamma adjusts the image's channel values pixel-by-pixel according to a power law, namely, pow(pixel,1/gamma) or pixel^(1/gamma), where pixel is the normalized or 0 to 1 color value. For example, using a value of gamma=2 is the same as taking the square root of the image.</p>
				3252
				3253	<p>You can apply separate gamma values to the red, green, and blue channels of the image with a gamma value list delimited with commas (e.g., <kbd>1.7,2.3,1.2</kbd>).</p>
				3254
				3255	<p>Use <a href="#gamma">+gamma <em class="arg">value</em></a> to set the image gamma level without actually adjusting the image pixels. This option is useful if the image is of a known gamma but not set as an image attribute (e.g. PNG images).</p>
				3256
				3257	<p>Note that gamma adjustments are also available via the <a href="#level">-level</a> operator.</p>
				3258
				3259	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3260	<h4><a id="gaussian-blur"></a>-gaussian-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-gaussian-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3261	</div>
				3262
				3263	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Blur the image with a Gaussian operator.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3264
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3265	<p>Convolve the image with a Gaussian or normal distribution using the given
				3266	<em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value. The formula is:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3267
				3268	<div class="eqn"><img alt="gaussian distribution" width="243px" height="42px" src="../images/gaussian-blur.png"/>
				3269	</div>
				3270
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3271	<p>The <em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value is the important argument, and
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3272	determines the actual amount of blurring that will take place. </p>
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3273
				3274	<p>The <em class="arg" >Radius</em> is only used to determine the size of the
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3275	array which will hold the calculated Gaussian distribution. It should be an
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3276	integer. If not given, or set to zero, IM will calculate the largest possible
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3277	radius that will provide meaningful results for the Gaussian distribution.
				3278	</p>
				3279
				3280	<p>The larger the <em class="arg" >Radius</em> the radius the slower the
				3281	operation is. However too small a <em class="arg" >Radius</em>, and sever
				3282	aliasing effects may result. As a guideline, <em class="arg" >Radius</em>
				3283	should be at least twice the <em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value, though three
				3284	times will produce a more accurite result. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3285
				3286	<p>This differs from the faster <a href="#blur">-blur</a> operator in that a
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3287	full 2-dimensional convolution is used to generate the weighted average of the
				3288	neighboring pixels. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3289
				3290	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				3291	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				3292	</p>
				3293
				3294
				3295	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3296	<h4><a id="geometry"></a>-geometry <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3297	</div>
				3298
				3299	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the preferred size and location of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3300
				3301	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				3302
				3303	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3304	<h4><a id="gravity"></a>-gravity <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3305	</div>
				3306
				3307	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Sets the current gravity suggestion for various other settings and options.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3308
				3309	<p>Choices include: <kbd>NorthWest</kbd>, <kbd>North</kbd>, <kbd>NorthEast</kbd>,
				3310	<kbd>West</kbd>, <kbd>Center</kbd>, <kbd>East</kbd>, <kbd>SouthWest</kbd>,
				3311	<kbd>South</kbd>, <kbd>SouthEast</kbd>. Use <a href="#list">-list gravity</a> to get a complete
				3312	list of <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> settings available in your ImageMagick
				3313	installation.</p>
				3314
				3315	<p>The direction you choose specifies where to position text or subimages. For example, a gravity of <kbd>Center</kbd> forces the text to be centered within the image. By default, the image gravity is <kbd>NorthWest</kbd>. See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for more details about graphic primitives. Only the text primitive of <a href="#draw">-draw</a> affected by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option.</p>
				3316
				3317	<p>The <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is also used in concert with the <a href="#geometry">-geometry</a> setting and other settings or options that take <em class="arg">geometry</em> as an argument, such as the <a href="#crop">-crop</a> option. </p>
				3318
				3319	<p>If a <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting occurs before another option or setting having a <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument that specifies an offset, the offset is usually applied to the point within the image suggested by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> argument. Thus, in the following command, for example, suppose the file <kbd>image.png</kbd> has dimensions 200x100. The offset specified by the argument to <a href="#region">-region</a> is (−40,+20). The argument to <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> is <kbd>Center</kbd>, which suggests the midpoint of the image, at the point (100,50). The offset (−40,20) is applied to that point, giving (100−40,50+20)=(60,70), so the specified 10x10 region is located at that point. (In addition, the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> affects the region itself, which is <em>centered</em> at the pixel coordinate (60,70). (See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.)</p>
				3320
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3321	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -gravity Center -region 10x10-40+20 \ <br/> -negate output.png</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3322	<p>When used as an option to <a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>, <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> gives the direction that the image gravitates within the composite.</p>
				3323
				3324	<p>When used as an option to <a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>, <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> gives the direction that an image gravitates within a tile. The default gravity is <kbd>Center</kbd> for this purpose.</p>
				3325
				3326
				3327	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3328	<h4><a id="green-primary"></a>-green-primary <em class="arg">x,y</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3329	</div>
				3330
				3331	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>green chromaticity primary point.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3332
				3333
				3334	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3335	<h4><a id="hald-clut"></a>-hald-clut</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3336	</div>
				3337
				3338	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a Hald color lookup table to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3339
				3340	<p>A Hald color lookup table is a 3-dimensional color cube mapped to 2
				3341	dimensions. Create it with the <kbd>HALD:</kbd> prefix (e.g. HALD:8). You
				3342	can apply any color transformation to the Hald image and then use this option
				3343	to apply the transform to the image. </p>
				3344
				3345	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png hald.png -hald-clut transform.png</span></p>
				3346	<p>This option provides a convenient method for you to use Gimp or Photoshop
				3347	to make color corrections to the Hald CLUT image and subsequently apply them
				3348	to multiple images using an ImageMagick script. </p>
				3349
				3350	<p>Note that the representation is only of the normal RGB color space and that
				3351	the whole color value triplet is used for the interpolated lookup of the
				3352	represented Hald color cube image. Because of this the operation is not <a
				3353	href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting effected, nor can it adjust or modify an
				3354	images transparency or alpha/matte channel.</p>
				3355
				3356	<p>See also <a href="#clut" >-clut</a> which provides color value replacement
				3357	of the individual color channels, usally involving a simplier gray-scale
				3358	image. E.g: gray-scale to color replacement, or modification by a histogram
				3359	mapping. </p>
				3360
				3361
				3362	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3363	<h4><a id="help"></a>-help</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3364	</div>
				3365
				3366	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>print usage instructions.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3367
				3368	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3369	<h4><a id="highlight-color"></a>-highlight-color <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3370	</div>
				3371
				3372	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>when comparing images, emphasize pixel differences with this color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3373
				3374	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3375	<h4><a id="iconGeometry"></a>-iconGeometry <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3376	</div>
				3377
				3378	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the icon geometry.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3379
				3380	<p>Offsets, if present in the geometry specification, are handled in the same manner as the <a href="#geometry">-geometry</a> option, using X11 style to handle negative offsets.</p>
				3381
				3382	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				3383
				3384	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3385	<h4><a id="iconic"></a>-iconic</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3386	</div>
				3387
				3388	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>iconic animation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3389
				3390	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3391	<h4><a id="identify"></a>-identify</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3392	</div>
				3393
				3394	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>identify the format and characteristics of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3395
				3396	<p>This information is printed: image scene number; image name; image size; the image class (<em class="arg">DirectClass</em> or <em class="arg">PseudoClass</em>); the total number of unique colors; and the number of seconds to read and transform the image. Refer to <a href="../www/miff.html">MIFF</a> for a description of the image class.</p>
				3397
				3398	<p>If <a href="#colors">-colors</a> is also specified, the total unique colors in the image and color reduction error values are printed. Refer to <a href="/www/quantize.html">color reduction algorithm</a> for a description of these values.</p>
				3399
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3400	<p>If <a href="#verbose">-verbose</a> precedes this option, copious
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3401	amounts of image properties are displayed including image statistics, profiles,
				3402	image histogram, and others.</p>
				3403
				3404	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3405	<h4><a id="ift"></a>-ift</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3406	</div>
				3407
				3408	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>implements the inverse discrete Fourier transform (DFT).</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3409
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3410	<p>This option is new as of ImageMagick 6.5.4-3 (and now working for Windows users in ImageMagick 6.6.0-9). It transforms a pair of magnitude and phase images from the frequency domain to a single image in the normal or spatial domain. See for example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform">Fourier Transform</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFT">Discrete Fourier Transform</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFT">Fast Fourier Transform</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3411
				3412	<p>For example, depending upon the image format used to store the result of the <a href="#fft">-fft</a>, one would use either</p>
				3413
				3414	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert fft_image.miff -ift fft_image_ift.png</span></p>
				3415	<p>or</p>
				3416
				3417	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert fft_image-0.png fft_image-1.png -ift fft_image_ift.png</span></p>
				3418
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3419	<p>The resulting image may need to be cropped due to padding introduced when the original image, prior to the <a href="#fft">-fft</a> or <a href="#fft">+fft</a>, was not square or even dimensioned. Any padding is at the right and/or bottom sides of the image.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3420
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3421	<p>The <a href="http://www.fftw.org/">FFTW</a> delegate library is required to use <a href="#ift">-ift</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3422
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3423	<p>Use <a href="#ift">+ift</a> (with HDRI enabled) to transform a pair of real and imaginary images from the frequency domain to a single image in the normal (spatial) domain.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3424
				3425	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3426	<h4><a id="immutable"></a>-immutable</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3427	</div>
				3428
				3429	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>make image immutable.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3430
				3431	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3432	<h4><a id="implode"></a>-implode <em class="arg">factor</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3433	</div>
				3434
				3435	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>implode image pixels about the center.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3436
				3437	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3438	<h4><a id="insert"></a>-insert <em class="arg">index</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3439	</div>
				3440
				3441	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>insert the last image into the image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3442
				3443	<p>This option takes last image in the current image sequence and inserts it at the given index. If a negative index is used, the insert position is calculated before the last image is removed from the sequence. As such <kbd>-insert -1</kbd> will result in no change to the image sequence.</p>
				3444
				3445	<p>The <kbd>+insert</kbd> option is equivalent to <kbd>-insert -1</kbd>. In other words, insert the last image, at the end of the current image sequence. Consequently this has no effect on the image sequence order.</p>
				3446
				3447	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3448	<h4><a id="intent"></a>-intent <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3449	</div>
				3450
				3451	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>use this type of rendering intent when managing the image color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3452
				3453	<p>Use this option to affect the color management operation of an image (see <a href="#profile">-profile</a>). Choose from these intents: <kbd>Absolute, Perceptual, Relative, Saturation</kbd>.</p>
				3454
				3455	<p>The default intent is undefined.</p>
				3456
				3457	<p>To print a complete list of rendering intents, use <a href="#list">-list intent</a>.</p>
				3458
				3459	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3460	<h4><a id="interlace"></a>-interlace <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3461	</div>
				3462
				3463	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the type of interlacing scheme.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3464
				3465	<p>Choose from:</p>
				3466
				3467	<pre class="text">
				3468	none
				3469	line
				3470	plane
				3471	partition
				3472	JPEG
				3473	GIF
				3474	PNG
				3475	</pre>
				3476
				3477	<p>This option is used to specify the type of interlacing scheme for raw image formats such as <kbd>RGB</kbd> or <kbd>YUV</kbd>.</p>
				3478
				3479	<p><kbd>None</kbd> means do not interlace (RGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGB...),</p>
				3480
				3481	<p><kbd>Line</kbd> uses scanline interlacing (RRR...GGG...BBB...RRR...GGG...BBB...), and.</p>
				3482
				3483	<p><kbd>Plane</kbd> uses plane interlacing (RRRRRR...GGGGGG...BBBBBB...).</p>
				3484
				3485	<p><kbd>Partition</kbd> is like plane except the different planes are saved to individual files (e.g. image.R,
				3486	image.G, and image.B).</p>
				3487
				3488	<p>Use <kbd>Line</kbd> or <kbd>Plane</kbd> to create an <kbd>interlaced PNG</kbd> or <kbd>GIF</kbd> or <kbd>progressive JPEG</kbd>
				3489	image.</p>
				3490
				3491	<p>To print a complete list of interlacing schemes, use <a href="#list">-list interlace</a>.</p>
				3492
				3493	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3494	<h4><a id="interpolate"></a>-interpolate <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3495	</div>
				3496
				3497	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the pixel color interpolation method to use when looking up a color based on a floating point or real value.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3498
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3499	<p>When looking up the color of a pixel using a non-integer floating point
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3500	value, you typically fall in between the pixel colors defined by the source
				3501	image. This setting determines how the color is determined from the colors of
				3502	the pixels surrounding that point. That is how to determine the color of a
				3503	point that falls between two, or even four different colored pixels. </p>
				3504
				3505	<pre class="text">
				3506	integer: The color of the top-left pixel (floor function)
				3507	nearest-neighbor: The nearest pixel to the lookup point (rounded function)
				3508	average: The average color of the surrounding four pixels
				3509	bilinear A double linear interpolation of pixels (the default)
				3510	mesh Divide area into two flat triangular interpolations
				3511	bicubic Fitted bicubic-spines of surrounding 16 pixels
				3512	spline Direct spline curves (colors are blurred)
				3513	filter Use resize <a href="#filter">-filter</a> settings
				3514	</pre>
				3515
				3516	<p>This most important for distortion operators such as <a href="#distort"
				3517	>-distort</a>, <a href="#implode" >-implode</a>, <a href="#transform"
				3518	>-transform</a> and <a href="#fx" >-fx</a>. </p>
				3519
				3520	<p>To print a complete list of interpolation methods, use <a href="#list">-list interpolate</a>.</p>
				3521
				3522	<p>See also <a href="#virtual-pixel" >-virtual-pixel</a>, for control of the
				3523	lookup for positions outside the boundaries of the image. </p>
				3524
				3525
				3526	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3527	<h4><a id="interline-spacing"></a>-interline-spacing <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	f3bb478	2009-09-08 13:10:04 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3528	</div>
				3529
				3530	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the space between two text lines.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3531
				3532	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3533	<h4><a id="interword-spacing"></a>-interword-spacing <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3534	</div>
				3535
				3536	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the space between two words.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3537
				3538	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3539	<h4><a id="kerning"></a>-kerning <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3540	</div>
				3541
				3542	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the space between two letters.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3543
				3544	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3545	<h4><a id="label"></a>-label <em class="arg">name</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3546	</div>
				3547
				3548	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>assign a label to an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3549
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3550	<p>Use this option to assign a specific label to the image, as it is read in
				3551	or created. You can use the <a href="#set" >-set</a> operation to re-assign
				3552	a the labels of images already read in. Image formats such as TIFF, PNG,
				3553	MIFF, supports saving the label information with the image.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3554
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3555	<p>When saving an image to a <em class="arg">PostScript</em> file, any label
				3556	assigned to an image is used as a header string to print above the postscript
				3557	image. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3558
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3559	<p>You can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image
				3560	attribute by embedding special format character. See <a href="../www/escape.html">Format and Print Image
				3561	Properties</a> for details of the percent escape codes.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3562
				3563	<p>For example,</p>
				3564
				3565	<p class="crtsnip">
				3566	-label "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff
				3567	</p>
				3568
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3569	<p>assigns an image label of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> to the
				3570	"<kbd>bird.miff</kbd>" image and whose width is 512 and height is 480, as it
				3571	is read in. If a <a href="#label">+label</a> option was used instead, any
				3572	existing label present in the image would be used. You can remove all labels
				3573	from an image by assigning the empty string. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3574
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3575	<p>A label is not drawn on the image, but is embedded in the image datastream
				3576	via <em>Label</em> tag or similar mechanism. If you want the label to be
				3577	visible on the image itself, use the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option, or
				3578	during the final processing in the creation of a image montage.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3579
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3580	<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">string</em> is <em
				3581	class="arg">@</em>, the image label is read from a file titled by the
				3582	remaining characters in the string. Labels in a file are literal, no embedded
				3583	formatting characters are recognized.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3584
				3585
				3586	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3587	<h4><a id="lat"></a>-lat <em class="arg">width</em><br />-lat <em class="arg">width</em>x<em class="arg">height</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">offset</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3588	</div>
				3589
				3590	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>perform local adaptive threshold.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3591
				3592	<p>Adaptively threshold each pixel based on the value of pixels in a
				3593	surrounding window. If the current pixel is lighter than this average plus
				3594	the optional <kbd>offset</kbd>, then it is made white, otherwise it is made
				3595	black. Small variations in pixel values such as found in scanned documents
				3596	can be ignored if offset is positive. A negative offset will make it more
				3597	sensitive to those small variations. </p>
				3598
				3599	<p>This is commonly used to threshold images with an uneven background. It is
				3600	based on the assumption that average color of the small window is the
				3601	the local background color, from which to separate the forground color. </p>
				3602
				3603
				3604	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3605	<h4><a id="layers"></a>-layers <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3606	</div>
				3607
				3608	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>handle multiple images forming a set of image layers or animation frames.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3609
				3610	<p>Perform various image operation methods to a ordered sequence of images
				3611	which may represent either a set of overlaid 'image layers', a GIF disposal
				3612	animation, or a fully-'coalesced' animation sequence. </p>
				3613
				3614	<table class="doc">
				3615	<tbody>
				3616	<tr valign="top">
				3617	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				3618	<th align="left">Description</th>
				3619	</tr>
				3620
				3621	<tr valign="top">
				3622	<td valign="top">compare-any</td>
				3623	<td valign="top">Crop the second and later frames to the smallest rectangle
				3624	that contains all the differences between the two images. No GIF <a
				3625	href="#dispose" >-dispose</a> methods are taken into account. </td>
				3626	</tr>
				3627
				3628	<tr><td></td><td>This exactly the same as the <a href="#deconstruct"
				3629	>-deconstruct</a> operator, and does not preserve animations normal
				3630	working, especially when animation used layer disposal methods such as
				3631	'<kbd>Previous</kbd>' or '<kbd>Background</kbd>'. </td>
				3632	</tr>
				3633
				3634	<tr valign="top">
				3635	<td valign="top">compare-clear</td>
				3636	<td valign="top">As '<kbd>compare-any</kbd>' but crop to the bounds of any
				3637	opaque pixels which become transparent in the second frame. That is the
				3638	smallest image needed to mask or erase pixels for the next frame. </td>
				3639	</tr>
				3640
				3641	<tr valign="top">
				3642	<td valign="top">compare-overlay</td>
				3643	<td valign="top">As '<kbd>compare-any</kbd>' but crop to pixels that add
				3644	extra color to the next image, as a result of overlaying color pixels.
				3645	That is the smallest single overlaid image to add or change colors. </td>
				3646	</tr>
				3647
				3648	<tr><td></td><td>This can be used with the <a href="#compose" >-compose</a> alpha
				3649	composition method '<kbd>change-mask</kbd>', to reduce the image to
				3650	just the pixels that need to be overlaid. </td>
				3651	</tr>
				3652
				3653	<tr valign="top">
				3654	<td valign="top">coalesce</td>
				3655	<td valign="top">Equivalent to a call to the <a href="#coalesce"
				3656	>-coalesce</a> operator. Apply the layer disposal methods set in the
				3657	current image sequence to form a fully defined animation sequence, as
				3658	it should be displayed. Effectively converting a GIF animation into a
				3659	'film strip'-like animation. </td>
				3660	</tr>
				3661
				3662	<tr valign="top">
				3663	<td valign="top">composite</td>
				3664	<td valign="top">Alpha Composition of two image lists, separated by a
				3665	"<kbd>null:</kbd>" image, with the destination image list first, and
				3666	the source images last. An image from each list are composited
				3667	together until one list is finished. The separator image and source
				3668	image lists are removed. </td>
				3669	</tr>
				3670
				3671
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3672	<tr><td></td>
				3673	<td>The <a href="#geometry" >-geometry</a> offset is adjusted according
				3674	to <a href="#gravity" >-gravity</a> in accordance of the virtual
				3675	canvas size of the first image in each list. Unlike a normal <a
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3676	href="#composite" >-composite</a> operation, the canvas offset is also
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3677	added to the final composite positioning of each image. </td> </tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3678
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3679	<tr><td></td>
				3680	<td>If one of the image lists only contains one image, that image is
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3681	applied to all the images in the other image list, regardless of which
				3682	list it is. In this case it is the image meta-data of the list which
				3683	preserved. </td>
				3684	</tr>
				3685
				3686
				3687	<tr valign="top">
				3688	<td valign="top">dispose</td>
				3689	<td valign="top">This like '<kbd>coalesce</kbd>' but shows the look of
				3690	the animation after the layer disposal method has been applied, before
				3691	the next sub-frame image is overlaid. That is the 'dispose' image that
				3692	results from the application of the GIF <a href="#dispose"
				3693	>-dispose</a> method. This allows you to check what
				3694	is going wrong with a particular animation you may be developing.
				3695	</td>
				3696	</tr>
				3697
				3698	<tr valign="top">
				3699	<td valign="top">flatten</td>
				3700	<td valign="top">Create a canvas the size of the first images virtual
				3701	canvas using the current <a href="#background" >-background</a> color,
				3702	and <a href="#compose" >-compose</a> each image in turn onto that
				3703	canvas. Images falling outside that canvas is clipped. Final
				3704	image will have a zero virtual canvas offset. </td>
				3705	</tr>
				3706
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3707	<tr><td></td>
				3708	<td>This usally used as one of the final 'image layering' operations
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3709	overlaying all the prepared image layers into a final image. </td>
				3710	</tr>
				3711
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3712	<tr><td></td>
				3713	<td>For a single image this method can also be used to fillout a virtual
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3714	canvas with real pixels, or to underlay a opaque color to remove
				3715	transparency from an image.</td>
				3716	</tr>
				3717
				3718
				3719	<tr valign="top">
				3720	<td valign="top">merge</td>
				3721	<td valign="top">As 'flatten' method but merging all the given image
				3722	layers into a new layer image just large enough to hold all the image
				3723	without clipping or extra space. The new images virtual offset will
				3724	prevere the position of the new layer, even if this offset is
				3725	negative. the virtual canvas size of the first image is preserved.
				3726	</td>
				3727	</tr>
				3728
				3729	<tr><td></td><td>Caution is advised when handling image layers with negative offsets
				3730	as few image file formats handle them correctly. </td>
				3731	</tr>
				3732
				3733	<tr valign="top">
				3734	<td valign="top">mosaic</td>
				3735	<td valign="top">As 'flatten' method but expanding the initial canvas size
				3736	of the first image so as to hold all the image layers. However as a
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3737	virtual canvas is 'locked' to the origin, by definition, image layers
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3738	with a negative offsets will still be clipped by the top and left
				3739	edges.</td>
				3740	</tr>
				3741
				3742	<tr><td></td><td>This method is commonly used to layout individual image using various
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3743	offset but without knowing the final canvas size. The resulting image
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3744	will, like 'flatten' not have any virtual offset, so can be saved to
				3745	any image file format. </td>
				3746	</tr>
				3747
				3748
				3749	<tr valign="top">
				3750	<td valign="top">optimize</td>
				3751	<td valign="top">Optimize a coalesced animation, into GIF animation using
				3752	a number of general techniques. This currently a short cut to
				3753	apply both the '<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>', and
				3754	'<kbd>optimize-transparency</kbd>' methods but may be expanded to
				3755	include other optimization methods as they are developed. </td>
				3756	</tr>
				3757
				3758	<tr valign="top">
				3759	<td valign="top">optimize-frame</td>
				3760	<td valign="top">Optimize a coalesced animation, into GIF animation by
				3761	reducing the number of pixels per frame as much as possible by
				3762	attempting to pick the best layer disposal method to use, while ensuring
				3763	the result will continue to animate properly. </td>
				3764	</tr>
				3765
				3766	<tr><td></td><td> There is no guarantee that the best optimization is found. But
				3767	then no reasonably fast GIF optimization algorithm can do this.
				3768	However this does seem to do better than most other GIF frame
				3769	optimizers seen. </td>
				3770	</tr>
				3771
				3772	<tr valign="top">
				3773	<td valign="top">optimize-plus</td>
				3774	<td valign="top">As '<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>' but attempt to improve the
				3775	overall optimization by adding extra frames to the animation, without
				3776	changing the final look or timing of the animation. The frames are
				3777	added to attempt to separate the clearing of pixels from the
				3778	overlaying of new additional pixels from one animation frame to the
				3779	next. If this does not improve the optimization (for the next frame
				3780	only), it will fall back to the results of the previous normal
				3781	'<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>' technique. </td>
				3782	</tr>
				3783
				3784	<tr><td></td><td>There is the possibility that the change in the disposal style will
				3785	result in a worsening in the optimization of later frames, though this
				3786	is unlikely. In other words there no guarantee that it is better than
				3787	the normal '<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>' technique. For some animations
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3788	however you can get a vast improvement in the final animation size. </td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3789	</tr>
				3790
				3791	<tr valign="top">
				3792	<td valign="top">optimize-transparency</td>
				3793	<td valign="top">Given a GIF animation, replace any pixel in the sub-frame
				3794	overlay images with transparency, if it does not change the resulting
				3795	animation by more than the current <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor.
				3796	</td>
				3797	</tr>
				3798
				3799	<tr><td></td><td>This should allow a existing frame optimized GIF animation to compress
				3800	into a smaller file size due to larger areas of one (transparent)
				3801	color rather than a pattern of multiple colors repeating the current
				3802	disposed image of the last frame. </td>
				3803	</tr>
				3804
				3805	<tr valign="top">
				3806	<td valign="top">remove-dups</td>
				3807	<td valign="top">Remove (and merge time delays) of duplicate consecutive
				3808	images, so as to simplify layer overlays of coalesced animations.
				3809	</td>
				3810	</tr>
				3811
				3812	<tr><td></td><td>Usually this a result of using a constant time delay across the
				3813	whole animation, or after a larger animation was split into smaller
				3814	sub-animations. The duplicate frames could also have been used as
				3815	part of some frame optimization methods. </td>
				3816	</tr>
				3817
				3818	<tr valign="top">
				3819	<td valign="top">remove-zero</td>
				3820	<td valign="top">Remove any image with a zero time delay, unless ALL the
				3821	images have a zero time delay (and is not a proper timed animation, a
				3822	warning is then issued). </td>
				3823	</tr>
				3824
				3825	<tr><td></td><td>In a GIF animation, such images are usually frames which provide
				3826	partial intermediary updates between the frames that are actually
				3827	displayed to users. These frames are usally added for improved frame
				3828	optimization in GIF animations. </td>
				3829	</tr>
				3830
				3831	<tr valign="top">
				3832	<td valign="top">trim-bounds</td>
				3833	<td valign="top">Find the bounds of all the images in the current
				3834	image sequence, then adjust the offsets so all images are contained on
				3835	a minimal positive canvas. None of the image data is modified, only
				3836	there virtual canvas size and offset. The all the image is given
				3837	the same canvas size, and and will have a positive offset, but will
				3838	remain in the same position relative to each other. As a result of the
				3839	minimal canvas size at least one image will touch every edge of that
				3840	canvas. The image data however may be transparent.
				3841	</td>
				3842	</tr>
				3843
				3844	</tbody>
				3845	</table>
				3846
				3847	<p>To print a complete list of layer types, use <a href="#list">-list layers</a>.</p>
				3848
				3849	<p>The operators <a href="#coalesce" >-coalesce</a>, <a href="#deconstruct"
				3850	>-deconstruct</a>, <a href="#flatten" >-flatten</a>, and <a href="#mosaic"
				3851	>-mosaic</a> are only aliases for the above methods. Also see <a
				3852	href="#page" >-page</a>, <a href="#repage" >-repage</a> operators, the <a
				3853	href="#compose" >-compose</a> setting, and the GIF <a href="#dispose"
				3854	>-dispose</a> and <a href="#delay" >-delay</a> settings. </p>
				3855
				3856
				3857	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3858	<h4><a id="level"></a>-level <em class="arg">black_point</em>{,<em class="arg">white_point</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}{,<em class="arg">gamma</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3859	</div>
				3860
				3861	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>adjust the level of image channels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3862
				3863	<p>Given one, two or three values delimited with commas: black-point,
				3864	white-point, gamma (for example: 10,250,1.0 or 2%,98%,0.5). The black and
				3865	white points range from 0 to <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>, or from 0 to 100%; if the white
				3866	point is omitted it is set to (<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> - black_point), so as to center
				3867	contrast changes. If a <kbd>%</kbd> sign is present anywhere in the string,
				3868	both black and white points are percentages of the full color range. Gamma
				3869	will do a <a href="#gamma">-gamma</a> adjustment of the values. If it is
				3870	omitted, the default of 1.0 (no gamma correction) is assumed.</p>
				3871
				3872	<p>In normal usage (<kbd>-level</kbd>) the image values are stretched so that
				3873	the given '<kbd>black_point</kbd>' value in the original image is set to
				3874	zero (or black), while the given '<kbd>white_point</kbd>' value is set to
				3875	<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> (or white). This provides you with direct contrast adjustments
				3876	to the image. The '<kbd>gamma</kbd>' of the resulting image will then be
				3877	adjusted. </p>
				3878
				3879	<p>From ImageMagick v6.4.1-9 using the plus form of the operator (<kbd>+level</kbd>) or
				3880	adding the special '!' flag anywhere in the argument list, will cause the
				3881	operator to do the reverse of the level adjustment. That is a zero, or
				3882	<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> value (black, and white, resp.) in the original image, is
				3883	adjusted to the given level values, allowing you to de-contrast, or compress
				3884	the channel values within the image. The '<kbd>gamma</kbd>' is adjusted before the level adjustment to de-contrast the image is made. </p>
				3885
				3886	<p>Only the channels defined by the current <a href="#channel">-channel</a>
				3887	setting are adjusted (defaults to RGB color channels only), allowing you to
				3888	limit the effect of this operator. </p>
				3889
				3890	<p>Please note that the transparency channel is treated as 'matte'
				3891	values (0 is opaque) and not as 'alpha' values (0 is transparent).</p>
				3892
				3893
				3894	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3895	<h4><a id="level-colors"></a>-level-colors {<em
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3896	class="arg">black_color</em>}{,}{<em class="arg">white_color</em>}</h4>
				3897	</div>
				3898
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3899	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>adjust the level of an image using the provided dash separated colors.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3900
				3901	<p>This function is exactly like <a href="#level">-level</a>, except that the
				3902	value value for each color channel is determined by the
				3903	'<kbd>black_color</kbd>' and '<kbd>white_color</kbd>' colors given (as
				3904	described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option). </p>
				3905
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3906	<p>This effectually means the colors provided to <kbd>-level-colors</kbd>
				3907	is mapped to become 'black' and 'white' respectively, with all the other
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3908	colors linearly adjusted (or clipped) to match that change. Each channel is
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3909	adjusted separately using the channel values of the colors specified. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3910
				3911	<p>On the other hand the plus form of the operator (<kbd>+level-colors</kbd>)
				3912	will map the image color 'black' and 'white' to the given colors
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3913	respectively, resulting in a gradient (de-contrasting) tint of the image to
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3914	those colors. This can also be used to convert a plain gray-scale image into a
				3915	one using the gradient of colors specified. </p>
				3916
				3917	<p>By supplying a single color with a comma separator either before or after
				3918	that color, will just replace the respective 'black' or 'white' point
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3919	respectively. But if no comma separator is provided, the given color is
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3920	used for both the black and white color points, making the operator either
				3921	threshold the images around that color (- form) or set all colors to that
				3922	color (+ form). </p>
				3923
				3924
				3925	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3926	<h4><a id="limit"></a>-limit <em class="arg">type value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3927	</div>
				3928
				3929	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the pixel cache resource limit.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3930
				3931	<p>Choose from: <kbd>area</kbd>, <kbd>disk</kbd>, <kbd>file</kbd>, <kbd>map</kbd>, <kbd>memory</kbd>, <kbd>threads</kbd>, or <kbd>time</kbd>.</p>
				3932
cristy	6b63665	2009-12-05 17:16:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3933	<p>The value for <kbd>file</kbd> is in number of files. The other limits are in bytes. By default the limits are 768 files, 2GB of image area, 1.5GiB memory, 8GiB memory map, and 18.45EB of disk. These limits are adjusted relative to the available resources on your computer if this information is available. When any limit is reached, ImageMagick fails in some fashion but attempts to take compensating actions, if possible. For example, the following limits memory:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3934
				3935	<p class="crtsnip">
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3936	-limit memory 32MiB -limit map 64MiB
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3937	</p>
				3938
				3939	<p>Use <a href="#list">-list resource</a> to list the current limits. For example, our system shows these limits:</p>
				3940
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3941	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>identify -list resource</span><span class='crtout'></span></p><pre class="text">
				3942	File Area Memory Map Disk Thread Time
cristy	6b63665	2009-12-05 17:16:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3943	------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3944	768 12.404GB 8.6642GiB 23.104GiB 18.446744EB 8 unlimited
				3945	</pre>
				3946
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3947	<p>Requests for pixel storage to keep intermediate images are satisfied by one of three resource categories: in-memory pool, memory-mapped files pool, and disk pool (in that order) depending on the <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#limit">‑limit</a> settings and whether the system honors a resource request. If the total size of allocated pixel storage in the given pool reaches the corresponding limit, the request is passed to the next pool. Additionally, requests that exceed the <kbd>area</kbd> limit automagically are allocated on disk.</p>
				3948
				3949	<p>To illustrate how ImageMagick utilizes resource limits, consider a typical image resource request. First, ImageMagick tries to allocate the pixels in memory. The request might be denied if the resource request exceeds the <kbd>memory</kbd> limit or if the system does not honor the request. If a memory request is not honored, the pixels are allocated to disk and the file is memory-mapped. However, if the allocation request exceeds the <kbd>map</kbd> limit, the resource allocation goes to disk. In all cases, if the resource request exceeds the <kbd>area</kbd> limit, the pixels are automagically cached to disk. If the disk has a hard limit, the program fails.</p>
				3950
				3951	<p>In most cases you simply do not need to concern yourself with resource limits. ImageMagick chooses reasonable defaults and most images do not tax your computer resources. Where limits do come in handy is when you process images that are large or on shared systems where ImageMagick can consume all or most of the available memory. In this case, the ImageMagick workflow slows other processes or, in extreme cases, brings the system to a halt. Under these circumstances, setting limits give some assurances that the ImageMagick workflow will not interfere with other concurrent uses of the computer. For example, assume you have a web interface that processes images uploaded from the Internet. To assure ImageMagick does not exceed 10mb of memory you can simply set the area limit to 10mb:</p>
				3952
				3953	<p class="crtsnip">
				3954	-limit area 10mb
				3955	</p>
				3956
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3957	<p>Now whenever a large image is processed, the pixels are automagically cached to disk instead of memory. This of course implies that large images typically process very slowly, simply because pixel processing in memory can be an order of magnitude faster than on disk. Because your web site users might inadvertently upload a huge image to process, you should set a disk limit as well:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3958
				3959	<p class="crtsnip">
				3960	-limit area 10mb -limit disk 500mb
				3961	</p>
				3962
				3963	<p>Here ImageMagick stops processing if an image requires more than 500MB of disk storage.</p>
				3964
				3965	<p>In addition to command-line resource limit option, resources can be set with <a href="../www/resources.html#environment">environment variables</a>. Set the environment variables <kbd>MAGICK_AREA_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_DISK_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_FILE_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_MEMORY_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_MAP_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_THREAD_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_TIME_LIMIT</kbd> for limits of image area, disk space, open files, heap memory, memory map, number of threads of execution, and maximum elapsed time in seconds respectively.</p>
				3966
				3967	<p> Inquisitive users can try adding <a href="#debug">-debug cache</a> to their commands and then scouring the generated output for references to the pixel cache, in order to determine how the pixel cache was allocated and how resources were consumed. Advanced Unix/Linux users can pipe that output through <kbd>grep memory\|open\|destroy\|disk</kbd> for more readable sifting.
				3968	</p>
				3969
				3970	<p>For more about ImageMagick's use of resources, see the section <b>Cache Storage and Resource Requirements</b> on the <a href="../www/architecture.html#cache">Architecture</a> page.
				3971	</p>
				3972
				3973	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3974	<h4><a id="linear-stretch"></a>-linear-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em><br />-linear-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em>{x<em class="arg">white-point</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3975	</div>
				3976
				3977	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Linear with saturation stretch.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3978
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3979	<p>This is very similar to <a href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a>,
				3980	and uses a 'histogram bin' to determine the range of color values that needs to
				3981	be stretched. However it then stretchs those colors using the <a
				3982	href="#level" >-level</a> operator.</p>
				3983
				3984	<p>As such while the initial determination may have 'binning' round off
				3985	effects, the image colors are stretched mathematically, rather than using the
				3986	histogram bins. This makes the operator more accurate. </p>
				3987
				3988	<p>note however that a <a href="#linear-stretch" >-linear-stretch</a> of
				3989	'<kbd>0</kbd>' does nothing, while a value of '<kbd>1</kbd>' does a near
				3990	perfect stretch of the color range. </p>
				3991
				3992	<p>See also <a href="#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect'
				3993	normalization of mathematical images. </p>
				3994
				3995	<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p>
				3996
				3997
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3998	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3999	<h4><a id="linewidth"></a>-linewidth</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4000	</div>
				4001
				4002	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the line width for subsequent draw operations.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4003
				4004	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4005	<h4><a id="liquid-rescale"></a>-liquid-rescale <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4006	</div>
				4007
				4008	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>rescale image with seam-carving.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4009
				4010	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				4011
				4012	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4013	<h4><a id="list"></a>-list <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4014	</div>
				4015
				4016	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Print a list of supported arguments for various options or settings. Choose from these list types:</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4017
				4018	<pre class="text">
cristy	c1aee83	2010-05-08 00:36:47 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4019	Align
				4020	Alpha
				4021	Boolean
				4022	Channel
				4023	Class
				4024	ClipPath
				4025	Coder
				4026	Color
				4027	Colorspace
				4028	Command
				4029	Compose
				4030	Compress
				4031	Configure
				4032	DataType
				4033	Debug
				4034	Decoration
				4035	Delegate
				4036	Direction
				4037	Dispose
				4038	Distort
				4039	Dither
				4040	Endian
				4041	Evaluate
				4042	FillRule
				4043	Filter
				4044	Font
				4045	Format
				4046	Function
				4047	Gravity
				4048	ImageList
				4049	Intent
				4050	Interlace
				4051	Interpolate
				4052	Kernel
cristy	787d435	2010-03-06 13:55:58 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4053	Layers
				4054	LineCap
				4055	LineJoin
				4056	List
				4057	Locale
				4058	LogEvent
				4059	Log
				4060	Magic
				4061	Method
				4062	Metric
				4063	Mime
				4064	Mode
				4065	Morphology
				4066	Module
				4067	Noise
				4068	Orientation
				4069	Policy
				4070	PolicyDomain
				4071	PolicyRights
				4072	Preview
				4073	Primitive
				4074	QuantumFormat
				4075	Resource
				4076	SparseColor
				4077	Storage
				4078	Stretch
				4079	Style
				4080	Threshold
				4081	Type
				4082	Units
				4083	Validate
				4084	VirtualPixel
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4085	</pre>
				4086
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4087	<p>These lists vary depending on your version of ImageMagick. Use "<kbd>-list
				4088	list</kbd>" to get a complete listing of all the "<kbd>-list</kbd>" arguments
				4089	available:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4090
				4091	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>identify -list list</span></p>
				4092	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4093	<h4><a id="log"></a>-log <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4094	</div>
				4095
				4096	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify format for debug log.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4097
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4098	<p>This option specifies the format for the log printed when the <a
				4099	href="#debug">-debug</a> option is active.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4100
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4101	<p>You can display the following components by embedding special format
				4102	characters:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4103
				4104	<pre class="text">
				4105	%d domain
				4106	%e event
				4107	%f function
				4108	%l line
				4109	%m module
				4110	%p process ID
				4111	%r real CPU time
				4112	%t wall clock time
				4113	%u user CPU time
				4114	%% percent sign
				4115	\n newline
				4116	\r carriage return
				4117	</pre>
				4118
				4119	<p>For example:</p>
				4120
				4121	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -debug coders -log "%u %m:%l %e" in.gif out.png</span></p>
				4122	<p>The default behavior is to print all of the components.</p>
				4123
				4124	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4125	<h4><a id="loop"></a>-loop <em class="arg">iterations</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4126	</div>
				4127
				4128	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>add Netscape loop extension to your GIF animation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4129
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4130	<p>Set iterations to zero to repeat the animation an infinite number of times,
				4131	otherwise the animation repeats itself up to <em class="arg">iterations</em>
				4132	times.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4133
				4134	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4135	<h4><a id="lowlight-color"></a>-lowlight-color <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4136	</div>
				4137
				4138	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>when comparing images, de-emphasize pixel differences with this color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4139
				4140	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4141	<h4><a id="magnify"></a>-magnify <em class="arg">factor</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4142	</div>
				4143
				4144	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>magnify the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4145
				4146
				4147	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4148	<h4><a id="map"></a>-map <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4149	</div>
				4150
				4151	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Display image using this <em class="arg">type</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4152
				4153	<p>Choose from these <em class="arg">Standard Colormap</em> types:</p>
				4154
				4155	<pre class="text">
				4156	best
				4157	default
				4158	gray
				4159	red
				4160	green
				4161	blue
				4162	</pre>
				4163
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4164	<p>The <em class="arg">X server</em> must support the <em class="arg">Standard
				4165	Colormap</em> you choose, otherwise an error occurs. Use <kbd>list</kbd> as
				4166	the type and <kbd>display</kbd> searches the list of colormap types in
				4167	<kbd>top-to-bottom</kbd> order until one is located. See <em
				4168	class="arg">xstdcmap(1)</em> for one way of creating Standard Colormaps.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4169
				4170
				4171	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4172	<h4><a id="map_stream_"></a>-map <em class="arg">components</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4173	</div>
				4174
				4175	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>pixel map.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/stream.html">stream</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4176
				4177	<p>Here are the valid components of a map:</p>
				4178
				4179	<pre class="text">
				4180	r red pixel component
				4181	g green pixel component
				4182	b blue pixel component
				4183	a alpha pixel component (0 is transparent)
				4184	o opacity pixel component (0 is opaque)
				4185	i grayscale intensity pixel component
				4186	c cyan pixel component
				4187	m magenta pixel component
				4188	y yellow pixel component
				4189	k black pixel component
				4190	p pad component (always 0)
				4191	</pre>
				4192
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4193	<p>You can specify as many of these components as needed in any order (e.g.
				4194	bgr). The components can repeat as well (e.g. rgbr).</p>
				4195
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4196
				4197	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4198	<h4><a id="mask"></a>-mask
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4199	<em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
				4200	</div>
				4201
				4202	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Composite the image pixels as defined by the mask.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4203
				4204	<p>Use <a href="#mask">+mask</a> to remove the image mask.</p>
				4205
				4206	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4207	<h4><a id="mattecolor"></a>-mattecolor <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4208	</div>
				4209
				4210	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify the color to be used with the <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4211
				4212	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				4213
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4214	<p>The default matte color is <kbd>#BDBDBD</kbd>, <span
				4215	style="background-color: #bdbdbd;">this shade of gray</span>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4216
				4217	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4218	<h4><a id="maximum"></a>-maximum</h4>
cristy	d2baf7d	2010-03-06 04:26:44 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4219	</div>
				4220
				4221	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>return the maximum intensity of an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4222
				4223	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4224	<h4><a id="median"></a>-median <em class="arg">radius</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4225	</div>
				4226
				4227	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a median filter to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4228
				4229	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4230	<h4><a id="metric"></a>-metric <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4231	</div>
				4232
				4233	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Output to STDERR a measure of the differences between images according to the <em class="arg">type</em> given metric.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4234
				4235	<p>Choose from:</p>
				4236
				4237	<pre class="text">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4238	AE absolute error count, number of different pixels (-fuzz effected)
cristy	a20e3f9	2010-12-13 01:52:32 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4239	FUZZ mean color distance
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4240	MAE mean absolute error (normalized), average channel error distance
				4241	MEPP mean error per pixel (normalized mean error, normalized peak error)
				4242	MSE mean error squared, average of the channel error squared
cristy	a20e3f9	2010-12-13 01:52:32 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4243	NCC normalized cross correlation
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4244	PAE peak absolute (normalize peak absolute)
				4245	PSNR peak signal to noise ratio
				4246	RMSE root mean squared (normalized root mean squared)
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4247	</pre>
				4248
cristy	771f7a7	2010-11-27 21:42:59 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4249	<p>Control the '<kbd>AE</kbd>', or absolute count of pixels that are different,
				4250	with the <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor (ignore pixels which
				4251	only changed by a small amount). Use '<kbd>PAE</kbd>' to find the
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4252	size of the <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor needed to make all pixels
cristy	771f7a7	2010-11-27 21:42:59 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4253	'similar', while '<kbd>MAE</kbd>' dtermines the factor needed
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4254	for about half the pixels to be similar. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4255
				4256	<p>The '<kbd>MEPP</kbd>' metric returns three different metrics
				4257	('<kbd>MAE</kbd>', '<kbd>MAE</kbd>' normalized, and '<kbd>PAE</kbd>'
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4258	normalized) from a single comparison run. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4259
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4260	<p>To print a complete list of metrics, use the <a href="#list">-list
				4261	metrics</a> option.</p>
				4262
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4263
cristy	d2baf7d	2010-03-06 04:26:44 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4264	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4265	<h4><a id="minimum"></a>-minimum</h4>
cristy	d2baf7d	2010-03-06 04:26:44 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4266	</div>
				4267
				4268	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>return the minimum intensity of an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4269
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4270
				4271	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4272	<h4><a id="mode"></a>-mode <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4273	</div>
				4274
				4275	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mode of operation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4276
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4277	<p>Choose the <em class="arg">value</em> from these styles: <kbd>Frame,
				4278	Unframe, or Concatenate</kbd></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4279
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4280	<p>Use the <a href="#list" >-list</a> option with a '<kbd>Mode</kbd>' argument
				4281	for a list of <a href="#mode" >-mode</a> arguments available in your
				4282	ImageMagick installation.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4283
				4284
				4285	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4286	<h4><a id="modulate"></a>-modulate <em class="arg">brightness</em>[,<em class="arg">saturation</em>,<em class="arg">hue</em>]</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4287	</div>
				4288
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4289	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Vary the <em class="arg">brightness</em>, <em
				4290	class="arg">saturation</em>, and <em class="arg">hue</em> of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4291
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4292	<p>The arguments are given as a percentages of variation. A value of 100 means
				4293	no change, and any missing values are taken to mean 100.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4294
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4295	<p>The <em class="arg">brightness</em> is a multiplier of the overall
				4296	brightness of the image, so 0 means pure black, 50 is half as bright, 200 is
				4297	twice as bright. To invert its meaning <a href="#negate">-negate</a> the image
				4298	before and after. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4299
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4300	<p>The <em class="arg">saturation</em> controls the amount of color in an
				4301	image. For example, 0 produce a grayscale image, while a large value such as
				4302	200 produce a very colorful, 'cartoonish' color.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4303
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4304	<p>The <em class="arg">hue</em> argument causes a "rotation" of the colors
				4305	within the image by the amount specified. For example, 50 results in
				4306	a counter-clockwise rotation of 90, mapping red shades to purple, and so on.
				4307	A value of either 0 or 200 results in a complete 180 degree rotation of the
				4308	image. Using a value of 300 is a 360 degree rotation resulting in no change to
				4309	the original image. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4310
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4311	<p>For example, to increase the color brightness by 20% and decrease the color
				4312	saturation by 10% and leave the hue unchanged, use <a
				4313	href="#modulate">-modulate 120,90</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4314
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4315	<p>Use <a href="#set">-set</a> attribute of '<kbd
				4316	class="arg">option:modulate:colorspace</kbd>' to specify which colorspace to
				4317	modulate. Choose from <kbd>HSB</kbd>, <kbd>HSL</kbd> (the default), or
				4318	<kbd>HWB</kbd>. For example,</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4319
				4320	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -set option:modulate:colorspace hsb -modulate 120,90 modulate.png</span></p>
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4321
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4322	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4323	<h4><a id="monitor"></a>-monitor</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4324	</div>
				4325
				4326	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>monitor progress.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4327
				4328
				4329	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4330	<h4><a id="monochrome"></a>-monochrome</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4331	</div>
				4332
				4333	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>transform the image to black and white.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4334
				4335
				4336	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4337	<h4><a id="morph"></a>-morph <em class="arg">frames</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4338	</div>
				4339
				4340	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>morphs an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4341
				4342	<p>Both the image pixels and size are linearly interpolated to give the
				4343	appearance of a meta-morphosis from one image to the next, over all the images
				4344	in the current image list. The added images are the equivalent of a <a
				4345	href="#blend">-blend</a> composition. The <em class="arg">frames</em>
				4346	argument determine how many images to interpolate between each image. </p>
				4347
				4348
				4349	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4350	<h4><a id="morphology"></a>-morphology</h4>
				4351	<h4>-morphology <em class="arg">method</em> <em class="arg">kernel</em></h4>
cristy	488844c	2010-01-22 14:02:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4352	</div>
				4353
cristy	2c83960	2010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4354	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a morphology method to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	488844c	2010-01-22 14:02:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4355
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4356	<p>Until I get around to writing a option summary for this, see <a
				4357	href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/morphology/" >IM Usage Examples,
				4358	Morphology</a>. </p>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4359
				4360
cristy	488844c	2010-01-22 14:02:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4361	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4362	<h4><a id="mosaic"></a>-mosaic</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4363	</div>
				4364
				4365	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>an simple alias for the <a href="#layers" >-layers</a> method "mosaic"</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4366
				4367
				4368	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4369	<h4><a id="motion-blur"></a>-motion-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-motion-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>+<em class="arg">angle</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4370	</div>
				4371
				4372	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate motion blur.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4373
				4374	<p>Blur with the given radius, standard deviation (sigma), and angle. The
				4375	angle given is the angle toward which the image is blurred. That is the
				4376	direction people would consider the object is coming from. </p>
				4377
				4378	<p>Note that the blur is not uniform distribution, giving the motion a
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4379	definite sense of direction of movement. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4380
				4381	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				4382	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				4383	</p>
				4384
				4385	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4386	<h4><a id="name"></a>-name</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4387	</div>
				4388
				4389	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>name an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4390	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4391	<h4><a id="negate"></a>-negate</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4392	</div>
				4393
cristy	b29bc03	2010-02-01 20:29:43 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4394	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>replace each pixel with its complementary color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4395
				4396	<p>The red, green, and blue intensities of an image are negated. White becomes black, yellow becomes blue, etc. Use <a href="#negate">+negate</a> to only negate the grayscale pixels of the image.</p>
				4397
				4398	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4399	<h4><a id="noise"></a>-noise <em class="arg">radius</em><br/>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4400	+noise <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				4401	</div>
				4402
				4403	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Add or reduce noise in an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4404
				4405	<p>The principal function of noise peak elimination filter is to smooth the objects within an image without losing edge information and without creating undesired structures. The central idea of the algorithm is to replace a pixel with its next neighbor in value within a pixel window, if this pixel has been found to be noise. A pixel is defined as noise if and only if this pixel is a maximum or minimum within the pixel window.</p>
				4406
				4407	<p>Use <kbd><a href="#noise">-noise</a> <em class="arg">radius</em></kbd> to specify the width of the neighborhood when reducing noise.</p>
				4408
				4409	<p>Use <a href="#noise">+noise</a> followed by a noise <em class="arg">type</em> to add noise to an image. Choose from these noise types:</p>
				4410
				4411	<pre class="text">
				4412	Gaussian
				4413	Impulse
				4414	Laplacian
				4415	Multiplicative
				4416	Poisson
				4417	Random
				4418	Uniform
				4419	</pre>
				4420
				4421	<p>To print a complete list of noises, use the <a href="#list">-list noise</a> option.</p>
				4422
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4423	<p>Also see the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> noise functions that allos
				4424	the use of a controlling value to specify teh amount of noise that should be
				4425	added to an image. </p>
				4426
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4427
				4428	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4429	<h4><a id="normalize"></a>-normalize</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4430	</div>
				4431
				4432	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Increase the contrast in an image by <em>stretching</em> the range of intensity values.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4433
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4434	<p>The intensity values are stretched to cover the entire range of possible
				4435	values. While doing so, black-out at most <em>2%</em> of the pixels and
				4436	white-out at most <em>1%</em> of the pixels.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4437
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4438	<p>Note that as of ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <a href="#normalize" >-normalize</a>
				4439	is equivalent to <a href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch 2%x1%</a>.
				4440	(Before this version, it was equivalent to <a href="#contrast-stretch"
				4441	>-contrast-stretch 2%x99%</a>).</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4442
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4443	<p>All the channels are normalized in concert by the came amount so as to
				4444	preserve color integrity, when the default <a href="#channel" >+channel</a>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4445	setting is in use. Specifying any other <a href="#channel" >-channel</a>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4446	setting will normalize the RGB channels independently.</p>
				4447
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4448	<p>See <a href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a> for more details.
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4449	Also see <a href="#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect' normalization
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4450	that is better suited to mathematically generated images. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4451
				4452	<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4453
				4454
				4455	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4456	<h4><a id="ordered-dither"></a>-ordered-dither <em class="arg">threshold_map</em>{,<em class="arg">level</em>...}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4457	</div>
				4458
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4459	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>dither the image using a pre-defined ordered dither <em
				4460	class="arg">threshold map</em> specified, and a uniform color map with the
				4461	given number of <em class="arg">levels</em> per color channel . </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4462
				4463	<p>You can choose from these standard threshold maps:</p>
				4464
				4465	<pre class="text">
cristy	a6d7cf7	2010-11-07 15:58:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4466	threshold 1x1 Threshold 1x1 (non-dither)
				4467	checks 2x1 Checkerboard 2x1 (dither)
				4468	o2x2 2x2 Ordered 2x2 (dispersed)
				4469	o3x3 3x3 Ordered 3x3 (dispersed)
				4470	o4x4 4x4 Ordered 4x4 (dispersed)
				4471	o8x8 8x8 Ordered 8x8 (dispersed)
				4472	h4x4a 4x1 Halftone 4x4 (angled)
				4473	h6x6a 6x1 Halftone 6x6 (angled)
				4474	h8x8a 8x1 Halftone 8x8 (angled)
				4475	h4x4o Halftone 4x4 (orthogonal)
				4476	h6x6o Halftone 6x6 (orthogonal)
				4477	h8x8o Halftone 8x8 (orthogonal)
				4478	h16x16o Halftone 16x16 (orthogonal)
				4479	c5x5b c5x5 Circles 5x5 (black)
				4480	c5x5w Circles 5x5 (white)
				4481	c6x6b c6x6 Circles 6x6 (black)
				4482	c6x6w Circles 6x6 (white)
				4483	c7x7b c7x7 Circles 7x7 (black)
				4484	c7x7w Circles 7x7 (white)
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4485	</pre>
				4486
cristy	de36899	2010-11-05 14:32:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4487	<p> The <kbd>checks</kbd> pattern produces a 3 level checkerbord dither
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4488	pattern. Or you can define your own <em class="arg" >threshold map</em> in a
cristy	de36899	2010-11-05 14:32:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4489	personal or system <kbd>thresholds.xml</kbd> XML file. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4490
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4491	<p>To print a complete list of threshold, use the <a href="#list" >-list
				4492	threshold</a> option.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4493
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4494	<p>It is recommended that the <a href="#map" >+map</a> operator be used after
				4495	applying <a href="#ordered-dither" >-ordered-dither</a> to reduce the number of
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4496	colors an animated image sequence, to less that 256 colors. This ensures that
				4497	a common or global color table is used when saving the result to a color
				4498	limited file format such as GIF. </p>
				4499
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4500	<p>Note that at this time the exact same threshold dithering map is used for
				4501	all color channels, no attempt is made to offset or rotate the map for
				4502	different channels is made, to create an offset printing effect. (possible
				4503	future expansion) </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4504
				4505
				4506	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4507	<h4><a id="opaque"></a>-opaque <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4508	</div>
				4509
				4510	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>change this color to the fill color within the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4511
cristy	c54f5d4	2009-11-27 21:36:31 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4512	<p>The <em class="arg">color</em> argument is defined using the format
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4513	described under the <a href="#fill" >-fill</a> option. The <a href="#fuzz"
				4514	>-fuzz</a> setting can be used to match and replace colors similar to the one
				4515	given.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4516
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4517	<p>Use <a href="#opaque">+opaque</a> to paint any pixel that does not match
				4518	the target color. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4519
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4520	<p>The <a href="#transparent">-transparent</a> operator is exactly the same
				4521	as <a href="#opaque" >-opaque</a> but replaces the matching color with
				4522	transparency rather than the current <a href="#fill">-fill</a> color setting.
				4523	To ensure that it can do this it also ensures that the image has an alpha
				4524	channel enabled, as per "<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> set</kbd>", for
				4525	the new transparent colors, and does not require you to modify the <a
				4526	href="#channel">-channel</a> to enable alpha channel handling. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4527
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4528
				4529	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4530	<h4><a id="orient"></a>-orient <em class="arg">image orientation</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4531	</div>
				4532
				4533	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify orientation of a digital camera image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4534
				4535	<p>Choose from these orientations:</p>
				4536
				4537	<pre class="text">
				4538	bottom-left
				4539	bottom-right
				4540	left-bottom
				4541	left-top
				4542	right-bottom
				4543	right-top
				4544	top-left
				4545	top-right
				4546	undefined
				4547	</pre>
				4548
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4549	<p>To print a complete list of orientations, use the <a href="#list" >-list
				4550	orientation</a> option.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4551
				4552
				4553	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4554	<h4><a id="page"></a>-page <em class="arg">geometry</em><br/>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4555	-page <em class="arg">media</em>[<em class="arg">offset</em>][{<em class="arg">^!<></em>}]<br/>
				4556	+page
				4557	</h4>
				4558	</div>
				4559
				4560	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the size and location of an image on the larger virtual canvas.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4561
				4562	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				4563
				4564	<p>For convenience you can specify the page size using <em class="arg">media</em> (see below). Offsets can then be added as with other <em class="arg">geometry</em> arguments (e.g. <a href="#page">-page</a> <kbd>Letter+43+43</kbd>).</p>
				4565
				4566	<p>Use <em class="arg">media</em> as shorthand to specify the dimensions (<em class="arg">width</em>x<em class="arg">height</em>) of the <em class="arg">PostScript</em> page in dots per inch or a TEXT page in pixels. The choices for a PostScript page are:</p>
				4567	<table id="geometryTable" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1" width="50%" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
				4568	<thead>
				4569	<tr valign="top">
				4570	<th align="center"><em class="arg">media</em></th>
				4571	<th align="center"><em class="arg">width</em></th>
				4572	<th align="center"><em class="arg">height</em></th>
				4573	</tr>
				4574	</thead>
				4575	<tbody>
				4576	<tr><td align="left"> 11x17 </td> <td align="right"> 792</td> <td align="right"> 1224</td> </tr>
				4577	<tr><td align="left"> Ledger </td> <td align="right"> 1224</td> <td align="right"> 792</td> </tr>
				4578	<tr><td align="left"> Legal </td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 1008</td> </tr>
				4579	<tr><td align="left"> Letter </td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 792</td> </tr>
				4580	<tr><td align="left"> LetterSmall</td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 792</td> </tr>
				4581	<tr><td align="left"> ArchE </td> <td align="right"> 2592</td> <td align="right"> 3456</td> </tr>
				4582	<tr><td align="left"> ArchD </td> <td align="right"> 1728</td> <td align="right"> 2592</td> </tr>
				4583	<tr><td align="left"> ArchC </td> <td align="right"> 1296</td> <td align="right"> 1728</td> </tr>
				4584	<tr><td align="left"> ArchB </td> <td align="right"> 864</td> <td align="right"> 1296</td> </tr>
				4585	<tr><td align="left"> ArchA </td> <td align="right"> 648</td> <td align="right"> 864</td> </tr>
				4586	<tr><td align="left"> A0 </td> <td align="right"> 2380</td> <td align="right"> 3368</td> </tr>
				4587	<tr><td align="left"> A1 </td> <td align="right"> 1684</td> <td align="right"> 2380</td> </tr>
				4588	<tr><td align="left"> A2 </td> <td align="right"> 1190</td> <td align="right"> 1684</td> </tr>
				4589	<tr><td align="left"> A3 </td> <td align="right"> 842</td> <td align="right"> 1190</td> </tr>
				4590	<tr><td align="left"> A4 </td> <td align="right"> 595</td> <td align="right"> 842</td> </tr>
				4591	<tr><td align="left"> A4Small </td> <td align="right"> 595</td> <td align="right"> 842</td> </tr>
				4592	<tr><td align="left"> A5 </td> <td align="right"> 421</td> <td align="right"> 595</td> </tr>
				4593	<tr><td align="left"> A6 </td> <td align="right"> 297</td> <td align="right"> 421</td> </tr>
				4594	<tr><td align="left"> A7 </td> <td align="right"> 210</td> <td align="right"> 297</td> </tr>
				4595	<tr><td align="left"> A8 </td> <td align="right"> 148</td> <td align="right"> 210</td> </tr>
				4596	<tr><td align="left"> A9 </td> <td align="right"> 105</td> <td align="right"> 148</td> </tr>
				4597	<tr><td align="left"> A10 </td> <td align="right"> 74</td> <td align="right"> 105</td> </tr>
				4598	<tr><td align="left"> B0 </td> <td align="right"> 2836</td> <td align="right"> 4008</td> </tr>
				4599	<tr><td align="left"> B1 </td> <td align="right"> 2004</td> <td align="right"> 2836</td> </tr>
				4600	<tr><td align="left"> B2 </td> <td align="right"> 1418</td> <td align="right"> 2004</td> </tr>
				4601	<tr><td align="left"> B3 </td> <td align="right"> 1002</td> <td align="right"> 1418</td> </tr>
				4602	<tr><td align="left"> B4 </td> <td align="right"> 709</td> <td align="right"> 1002</td> </tr>
				4603	<tr><td align="left"> B5 </td> <td align="right"> 501</td> <td align="right"> 709</td> </tr>
				4604	<tr><td align="left"> C0 </td> <td align="right"> 2600</td> <td align="right"> 3677</td> </tr>
				4605	<tr><td align="left"> C1 </td> <td align="right"> 1837</td> <td align="right"> 2600</td> </tr>
				4606	<tr><td align="left"> C2 </td> <td align="right"> 1298</td> <td align="right"> 1837</td> </tr>
				4607	<tr><td align="left"> C3 </td> <td align="right"> 918</td> <td align="right"> 1298</td> </tr>
				4608	<tr><td align="left"> C4 </td> <td align="right"> 649</td> <td align="right"> 918</td> </tr>
				4609	<tr><td align="left"> C5 </td> <td align="right"> 459</td> <td align="right"> 649</td> </tr>
				4610	<tr><td align="left"> C6 </td> <td align="right"> 323</td> <td align="right"> 459</td> </tr>
				4611	<tr><td align="left"> Flsa </td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 936</td> </tr>
				4612	<tr><td align="left"> Flse </td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 936</td> </tr>
				4613	<tr><td align="left"> HalfLetter </td> <td align="right"> 396</td> <td align="right"> 612</td> </tr>
				4614	</tbody>
				4615	</table>
				4616
				4617
				4618
				4619
				4620	<p>This option is also used to place subimages when writing to a multi-image format that supports offsets, such as GIF89 and MNG. When used for this purpose the offsets are always measured from the top left corner of the canvas and are not affected by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option. To position a GIF or MNG image, use <a href="#page">-page</a><em class="arg">{+-}x{+-}y</em> (e.g. -page +100+200). When writing to a MNG file, a <a href="#page">-page</a> option appearing ahead of the first image in the sequence with nonzero width and height defines the width and height values that are written in the <kbd>MHDR</kbd> chunk. Otherwise, the MNG width and height are computed from the bounding box that contains all images in the sequence. When writing a GIF89 file, only the bounding box method is used to determine its dimensions.</p>
				4621
				4622	<p>For a PostScript page, the image is sized as in <a href="#geometry">-geometry</a> but positioned relative to the <em>lower left-hand corner</em> of the page by {+-}<kbd>x</kbd><em class="arg">offset</em>{+-}<kbd>y</kbd> <em class="arg">offset</em>. Use <a href="#page">-page 612x792</a>, for example, to center the image within the page. If the image size exceeds the PostScript page, it is reduced to fit the page. The default gravity for the <a href="#page">-page</a> option is <em class="arg">NorthWest</em>, i.e., positive <kbd>x</kbd> and <kbd>y</kbd> <em class="arg">offset</em> are measured rightward and downward from the top left corner of the page, unless the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with a value other than <em class="arg">NorthWest</em>.</p>
				4623
				4624	<p>The default page dimensions for a TEXT image is 612x792.</p>
				4625
				4626	<p>This option is used in concert with <a href="#density">-density</a>.</p>
				4627
				4628	<p>Use <a href="#page">+page</a> to remove the page settings for an image.</p>
				4629
				4630	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4631	<h4><a id="paint"></a>-paint <em class="arg">radius</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4632	</div>
				4633
				4634	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate an oil painting.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4635
				4636	<p>Each pixel is replaced by the most frequent color in a circular neighborhood whose width is specified with <em class="arg">radius</em>.</p>
				4637
				4638	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4639	<h4><a id="path"></a>-path <em class="arg">path</em></h4></div>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4640
				4641	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>write images to this path on disk.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4642
				4643	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4644	<h4><a id="pause_animate_"></a>-pause <em class="arg">seconds</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4645	</div>
				4646
				4647	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Pause between animation loops.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4648
				4649	<p>Pause for the specified number of seconds before repeating the animation.</p>
				4650
				4651	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4652	<h4><a id="pause_import_"></a>-pause <em class="arg">seconds</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4653	</div>
				4654
				4655	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Pause between snapshots.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/import.html">import</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4656
				4657	<p>Pause for the specified number of seconds before taking the next snapshot.</p>
				4658
				4659	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4660	<h4><a id="ping"></a>-ping</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4661	</div>
				4662
				4663	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>efficiently determine image characteristics.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4664
				4665	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4666	<h4><a id="pointsize"></a>-pointsize <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4667	</div>
				4668
				4669	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>pointsize of the PostScript, OPTION1, or TrueType font.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4670
				4671	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4672	<h4><a id="polaroid"></a>-polaroid <em class="arg">angle</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4673	</div>
				4674
				4675	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate a Polaroid picture.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4676
				4677	<p>Use <kbd>+polaroid</kbd> to rotate the image at a random angle between -15 and +15 degrees.</p>
				4678
				4679	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4680	<h4><a id="posterize"></a>-posterize <em class="arg">levels</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4681	</div>
				4682
				4683	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>reduce the image to a limited number of color levels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4684
				4685	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4686	<h4><a id="precision"></a>-precision <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	d43a46b	2010-01-21 02:13:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4687	</div>
				4688
				4689	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the maximum number of significant digits to be printed.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4690
				4691	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4692	<h4><a id="preview"></a>-preview <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4693	</div>
				4694
				4695	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>image preview type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4696
				4697	<p>Use this option to affect the preview operation of an image (e.g. <kbd>convert file.png -preview Gamma Preview:gamma.png</kbd>). Choose from these previews:</p>
				4698
				4699	<pre class="text">
				4700	Rotate
				4701	Shear
				4702	Roll
				4703	Hue
				4704	Saturation
				4705	Brightness
				4706	Gamma
				4707	Spiff
				4708	Dull
				4709	Grayscale
				4710	Quantize
				4711	Despeckle
				4712	ReduceNoise
				4713	Add Noise
				4714	Sharpen
				4715	Blur
				4716	Threshold
				4717	EdgeDetect
				4718	Spread
				4719	Shade
				4720	Raise
				4721	Segment
				4722	Solarize
				4723	Swirl
				4724	Implode
				4725	Wave
				4726	OilPaint
				4727	CharcoalDrawing
				4728	JPEG
				4729	</pre>
				4730
				4731	<p>To print a complete list of previews, use the <a href="#list">-list preview</a> option.</p>
				4732
				4733	<p>The default preview is <kbd>JPEG</kbd>.</p>
				4734
				4735	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4736	<h4><a id="print"></a>-print <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4737	</div>
				4738
				4739	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>interpret string and print to console.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4740
				4741	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4742	<h4><a id="process"></a>-process <em class="arg">command</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4743	</div>
				4744
				4745	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>process the image with a custom image filter.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4746
				4747	<p>The command arguments has the form <kbd>"module arg1 arg2 arg3 ... argN"</kbd> where <kbd>module</kbd> is the name of the module to invoke (e.g. "Analyze") and arg1 arg2 arg3 ... argN are an arbitrary number of arguments to pass to the process module.</p>
				4748
				4749	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4750	<h4><a id="profile"></a>-profile <em class="arg">filename</em><br/>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4751	+profile <em class="arg">profile_name</em></h4>
				4752	</div>
				4753
				4754	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Manage ICM, IPTC, or generic profiles in an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4755
				4756	<p>Using <a href="#profile">-profile</a> <em class="arg">filename</em> adds an ICM (ICC color management), IPTC (newswire information), or a generic profile to the image.</p>
				4757
				4758	<p>Use <a href="#profile">+profile <em class="arg">profile_name</em></a> to remove the indicated profile. ImageMagick uses standard filename globbing, so wildcard expressions may be used to remove more than one profile. Here we remove all profiles from the image except for the XMP profile: <kbd>+profile "!xmp,*"</kbd>. </p>
				4759
				4760	<p>Use <kbd>identify -verbose</kbd> to find out which profiles are in the image file. Use <a href="#strip">-strip</a> to remove all profiles (and comments).</p>
				4761
				4762	<p>To extract a profile, the <a href="#profile">-profile</a> option is not used. Instead, simply write the file to an image format such as <em class="arg">APP1, 8BImageMagick, ICM,</em> or <em class="arg">IPTC</em>.</p>
				4763
				4764	<p>For example, to extract the Exif data (which is stored in JPEG files in the <em class="arg">APP1</em> profile), use.</p>
				4765
				4766	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert cockatoo.jpg profile.exif</span></p>
				4767	<p>It is important to note that results may depend on whether or not the original image already has an included profile. Also, keep in mind that <a href="#profile">-profile</a> is an "operator" (as opposed to a "setting") and therefore a conversion is made each time it is encountered, in order, in the command-line. For instance, in the following example, if the original image is CMYK with profile, a CMYK-CMYK-RGB conversion results.</p>
				4768
				4769	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert CMYK.tif -profile "CMYK.icc" -profile "RGB.icc" RGB.tiff</span></p>
				4770	<p>Furthermore, since ICC profiles are not necessarily symmetric, extra conversion steps can yield unwanted results.
				4771	CMYK profiles are often very asymmetric since they involve 3−>4 and 4−>3 channel mapping.
				4772	</p>
				4773
cristy	f796427	2011-01-30 03:49:12 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4774	<p>The <a href="#profile">-profile</a> option can also be used to inject
				4775	previously-formatted ancillary chunks into the output PNG file, using
				4776	the commandline option as shown below or by setting the profile via a
				4777	programming interface:
				4778
				4779	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>-profile PNG-chunk-x:<filename></span></p>
				4780	where <em>x</em> is a location flag and
				4781	<em class="arg">filename</em> is a file containing the chunk
				4782	name in the first 4 bytes, then a colon (":"), followed by the chunk data.
				4783	This encoder will compute the chunk length and CRC, so those must not
				4784	be included in the file.
				4785
				4786	"x" can be "b" (before PLTE), "m" (middle, i.e., between PLTE and IDAT),
				4787	or "e" (end, i.e., after IDAT). If you want to write multiple chunks
				4788	of the same type, then add a short unique string after the "x" to prevent
				4789	subsequent profiles from overwriting the preceding ones, e.g.,
				4790
				4791
				4792	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>-profile PNG-chunk-b01:file01 -profile PNG-chunk-b02:file02</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4793	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4794	<h4><a id="quality"></a>-quality <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4795	</div>
				4796
				4797	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4798
cristy	851dbce	2010-08-06 21:40:00 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4799	<p>For the JPEG and MPEG image formats, quality is 1 (lowest image quality and highest compression) to 100 (best quality but least effective compression). The default is to use the estimate quality of your input image otherwise 92. Use the <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor</a> option to specify the factors for chroma downsampling.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4800
				4801	<p>For the MIFF image format, quality/10 is the zlib compression level, which is 0 (worst but fastest compression) to 9 (best but slowest). It has no effect on the image appearance, since the compression is always lossless.</p>
				4802
cristy	851dbce	2010-08-06 21:40:00 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4803	<p>For the JPEG-2000 image format, quality is mapped using a non-linear equation to the compression ratio required by the Jasper library. This non-linear equation is intended to loosely approximate the quality provided by the JPEG v1 format. The default quality value 100, a request for non-lossy compression. A quality of 75 results in a request for 16:1 compression.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4804
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4805	<p>For the MNG and PNG image formats, the quality value sets the zlib compression level (quality / 10) and filter-type (quality % 10). For compression level 0, the Huffman-only strategy is used, which is fastest but not necessarily the worst compression. The default PNG compression is 75.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4806
				4807	<p>If filter-type is 4 or less, the specified filter-type is used for all scanlines:</p>
				4808
				4809	<pre class="text">
				4810	0: none
				4811	1: sub
				4812	2: up
				4813	3: average
				4814	4: Paeth
				4815	</pre>
				4816
				4817	<p>If filter-type is 5, adaptive filtering is used when quality is greater than 50 and the image does not have a color map, otherwise no filtering is used.</p>
				4818
				4819	<p>If filter-type is 6, adaptive filtering with <em class="arg">minimum-sum-of-absolute-values</em> is used.</p>
				4820
				4821	<p>Only if the output is MNG, if filter-type is 7, the LOCO color transformation and adaptive filtering with <em class="arg">minimum-sum-of-absolute-values</em> are used.</p>
				4822
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4823	<p>The quality setting has no effect on the appearance of PNG and MNG images, since the compression is always lossless.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4824
				4825	<p>For further information, see the <a href="http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/TR">PNG</a> specification.</p>
				4826
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4827	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4828	<h4><a id="quantize"></a>-quantize <em class="arg">colorspace</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4829	</div>
				4830
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4831	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>reduce colors using this colorspace.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4832
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4833	<p>This setting defines the colorspace used to sort out and reduce the number
				4834	of colors needed by an image (for later dithering) by operators such as <a
				4835	href="#colors" >-colors</a>, Note that color reducion also happens
				4836	automatically when saving images to color-limited image file formats, such as
				4837	GIF, and PNG8.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4838
				4839
				4840	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4841	<h4><a id="quiet"></a>-quiet</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4842	</div>
				4843
				4844	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>suppress all warning messages. Error messages are still reported.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4845
				4846	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4847	<h4><a id="radial-blur"></a>-radial-blur <em class="arg">angle</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4848	</div>
				4849
				4850	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Blur around the center of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4851
				4852	<p>Note that this is actually a rotational blur rather than a radial and as
				4853	such actually mis-named. </p>
				4854
				4855	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				4856	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				4857	</p>
				4858
				4859
				4860	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4861	<h4><a id="raise"></a>-raise <em class="arg">thickness</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4862	</div>
				4863
				4864	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Lighten or darken image edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4865
				4866	<p>This will create a 3-D effect. Use <a href="#raise">-raise</a> to create a raised effect, otherwise use <a href="#raise">+raise</a>.
				4867	</p>
				4868
				4869	<p>Unlike the similar <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option, <a href="#raise">-raise</a> does not alter the dimensions of the image.</p>
				4870
				4871	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4872	<h4><a id="random-threshold"></a>-random-threshold <em class="arg">low</em>x<em class="arg">high</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4873	</div>
				4874
				4875	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a random threshold to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4876
				4877	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4878	<h4><a id="red-primary"></a>-red-primary <em class="arg">x,y</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4879	</div>
				4880
				4881	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the red chromaticity primary point.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4882
				4883	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4884	<h4><a id="regard-warnings"></a>-regard-warnings</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4885	</div>
				4886
				4887	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Pay attention to warning messages.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4888
				4889	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4890	<h4><a id="remap"></a>-remap <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4891	</div>
				4892
				4893	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Reduce the number of colors in an image to the colors used by this image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4894
				4895	<p>If the <a href="#dither">-dither</a> setting is enabled (the default) then
				4896	the given colors are dithered over the image as necessary, otherwise the closest
				4897	color (in RGB colorspace) is selected to replace that pixel in the image. </p>
				4898
				4899	<p>As a side effect of applying a <a href="#remap">-remap</a> of colors across all
				4900	images in the current image sequence, all the images will have the same color
				4901	table. That means that when saved to a file format such as GIF, it will use
				4902	that color table as a single common or global color table, for all the images,
				4903	without requiring extra local color tables. </p>
				4904
				4905	<p>Use <a href="#remap">+remap</a> to reduce all images in the current image
				4906	sequence to use a common color map over all the images. This equivalent to
				4907	appending all the images together (without extra background colors) and color
				4908	reducing those images using <a href="#colors">-colors</a> with a 256 color
				4909	limit, then <a href="#remap">-remap</a> those colors over the original list of
				4910	images. This ensures all the images follow a single color map. </p>
				4911
				4912	<p>If the number of colors over all the images is less than 256, then <a
				4913	href="#remap">+remap</a> should not perform any color reduction or dithering, as
				4914	no color changes are needed. In that case, its only effect is to force the use
				4915	of a global color table. This recommended after using either <a
				4916	href="#colors">-colors</a> or <a href="#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a> to
				4917	reduce the number of colors in an animated image sequence. </p>
				4918
				4919	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4920	<h4><a id="region"></a>-region <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4921	</div>
				4922
				4923	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a region in which subsequent operations apply.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4924
				4925	<p>The <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> offsets are treated in the same manner as in <a href="#crop">-crop</a>.</p>
				4926
				4927	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				4928
				4929	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4930	<h4><a id="remote"></a>-remote</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4931	</div>
				4932
				4933	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>perform a remote operation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4934
				4935	<p>The only command recognized is the name of an image file to load.</p>
				4936
				4937	<p>If you have more than one <a href="../www/display.html">display</a> application running simultaneously, use the <a href="#window"> window</a> option to specify which application to control.</p>
				4938
				4939	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4940	<h4><a id="render"></a>-render</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4941	</div>
				4942
				4943	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>render vector operations.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4944
				4945	<p>Use <a href="#render">+render</a> to turn off rendering vector operations. This useful when saving the result to vector formats such as MVG or SVG.</p>
				4946
				4947	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4948	<h4><a id="repage"></a>-repage <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4949	</div>
				4950
				4951	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adjust the canvas and offset information of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4952
				4953	<p>This option is like <a href="#page">-page</a> but acts as an image operator
				4954	rather than a setting. You can separately set the canvas size or the offset
				4955	of the image on that canvas by only providing those components. </p>
				4956
				4957	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				4958
				4959	<p>If a <kbd>!</kbd> flag is given the offset given is added to the existing
				4960	offset to move the image relative to its previous position. This useful for
				4961	animation sequences. </p>
				4962
				4963	<p>A given a canvas size of zero such as '<kbd>0x0</kbd>' forces it to
				4964	recalculate the canvas size so the image (at its current offset) will appear
				4965	completely on that canvas (unless it has a negative offset).</p>
				4966
				4967	<p>Use <a href="#repage">+repage</a> to completely remove/reset the virtual
				4968	canvas meta-data from the images. </p>
				4969
				4970	<p>The <a href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd>page</kbd>' option can be used to
				4971	directly assign virtual canvas meta-data. </p>
				4972
				4973
				4974	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4975	<h4><a id="resample"></a>-resample <em class="arg">horizontal</em>x<em class="arg">vertical</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4976	</div>
				4977
				4978	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Resample image to specified horizontal and vertical resolution.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4979
				4980	<p>Resize the image so that its rendered size remains the same as the original at the specified target resolution. For example, if a 300 DPI image renders at 3 inches by 2 inches on a 300 DPI device, when the image has been resampled to 72 DPI, it will render at 3 inches by 2 inches on a 72 DPI device. Note that only a small number of image formats (e.g. JPEG, PNG, and TIFF) are capable of storing the image resolution. For formats which do not support an image resolution, the original resolution of the image must be specified via <a href="#density">-density</a> on the command line prior to specifying the resample resolution.</p>
				4981
				4982	<p>Note that Photoshop stores and obtains image resolution from a proprietary embedded profile. If this profile exists in the image, then Photoshop will continue to treat the image using its former resolution, ignoring the image resolution specified in the standard file header.</p>
				4983
				4984	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4985	<h4><a id="resize"></a>-resize <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4986	</div>
				4987
				4988	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Resize an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4989
				4990	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are ignored, and the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
				4991
				4992	<p>If the <a href="#filter">-filter</a> option precedes the <a href="#resize">-resize</a> option, the image is resized with the specified filter.</p>
				4993
cristy	1353896	2010-02-26 17:53:04 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4994	<p>Many image processing algorithms assume your image is in a linear-light coding. If your image is gamma-corrected, you can remove the nonlinear gamma correction, apply the transform, then restore it like this:</p>
				4995
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4996	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert portrait.jpg -gamma .45455 -resize 25% -gamma 2.2 \ <br/> -quality 92 passport.jpg</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4997	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4998	<h4><a id="respect-parentheses"></a>-respect-parentheses</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4999	</div>
				5000
				5001	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>settings remain in effect until parenthesis boundary.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5002
				5003	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5004	<h4><a id="reverse"></a>-reverse</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5005	</div>
				5006
				5007	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Reverse the order of images in the current image list.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5008
				5009
				5010	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5011	<h4><a id="roll"></a>-roll {<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5012	</div>
				5013
				5014	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>roll an image vertically or horizontally by the amount given.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5015
				5016	<p>A negative <em class="arg">x</em> offset rolls the image left-to-right. A negative <em class="arg">y</em> offset rolls the image top-to-bottom.</p>
				5017
				5018
				5019	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5020	<h4><a id="rotate"></a>-rotate <em class="arg">degrees</em>{<em class="arg"><</em>}{<em class="arg">></em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5021	</div>
				5022
				5023	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply Paeth image rotation (using shear operations) to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5024
				5025	<p>Use <kbd>></kbd> to rotate the image only if its width exceeds the height. <kbd><</kbd> rotates the image <em>only</em> if its width is less than the height. For example, if you specify <kbd>-rotate "-90>"</kbd> and the image size is 480x640, the image is not rotated. However, if the image is 640x480, it is rotated by -90 degrees. If you use <kbd>></kbd> or <kbd><</kbd>, enclose it in quotation marks to prevent it from being misinterpreted as a file redirection.</p>
				5026
				5027	<p>Empty triangles in the corners, left over from rotating the image, are
				5028	filled with the <kbd>background</kbd> color. </p>
				5029
				5030	<p>See also the <a href="#distort">-distort</a> operator and specifically the
				5031	'<kbd>ScaleRotateTranslate</kbd>' distort method. </p>
				5032
				5033
				5034	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5035	<h4><a id="sample"></a>-sample <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5036	</div>
				5037
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5038	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>minify/magnify the image using pixel subsampling and pixel replication, respectively.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5039
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5040	<p>Change the image size simply by directly sampling the pixels original
				5041	image. When magnifying, pixels are replicated in blocks. When minifying,
				5042	pixels are sub-sampled (i.e., some rows and columns are skipped over). </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5043
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5044	<p>The results are thus equivalent to using <a href="#resize">-resize</a> with
				5045	a <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting of <kbd>point</kbd> (nearest
				5046	neighbour), though <a href="#sample">-sample</a> is a lot faster, as it
				5047	avoids all the filter processing of the image. As such it completely ignores
				5048	the current <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting. </p>
				5049
				5050	<p>The key feature of the <a href="#sample">-sample</a> is that no new colors
				5051	will be added to the resulting image, though some colors may disappear. </p>
				5052
				5053	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are
				5054	ignored, unlike <a href="#resize">-resize</a>. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5055
				5056
				5057	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5058	<h4><a id="sampling-factor"></a>-sampling-factor <em class="arg">horizontal-factor</em>x<em class="arg">vertical-factor</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5059	</div>
				5060
				5061	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>sampling factors used by JPEG or MPEG-2 encoder and YUV decoder/encoder.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5062
				5063	<p>This option specifies the sampling factors to be used by the JPEG encoder for chroma downsampling. If this option is omitted, the JPEG library will use its own default values. When reading or writing the YUV format and when writing the M2V (MPEG-2) format, use <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor 2x1</a> or <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor 4:2:2</a> to specify the 4:2:2 downsampling method.</p>
				5064
				5065	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5066	<h4><a id="scale"></a>-scale <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5067	</div>
				5068
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5069	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>minify/magnify the image using pixel block averaging and pixel replication, respectively.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5070
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5071	<p>Change the image size simply by replacing pixels by averaging pixels
				5072	together when minifying, or replacing pixels when magnifing. </p>
				5073
				5074	<p>The results are thus equivalent to using <a href="#resize">-resize</a> with
				5075	a <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting of <kbd>box</kbd>. Though it is a lot
				5076	faster, as it avoids all the filter processing of the image. As such it
				5077	completely ignores the current <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting. </p>
				5078
				5079	<p>If when shrinking (minifying) images the original image is some integer
				5080	multiple of the new image size, the number of pixels avergaed together to
				5081	produce the new pixel color is the same across the whole image. This is
				5082	a special case known as 'binning' and is often used as a method of reducing
				5083	noise in image such as those generated by digital cameras, especially in low
				5084	light conditions. </p>
				5085
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5086
				5087	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5088	<h4><a id="scene"></a>-scene <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5089	</div>
				5090
				5091	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set scene number.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5092
				5093	<p>This option sets the scene number of an image or the first image in an image sequence.</p>
				5094
				5095	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5096	<h4><a id="screen"></a>-screen</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5097	</div>
				5098
				5099	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the screen to capture.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5100
				5101	<p>This option indicates that the GetImage request used to obtain the image should be done on the root window, rather than directly on the specified window. In this way, you can obtain pieces of other windows that overlap the specified window, and more importantly, you can capture menus or other popups that are independent windows but appear over the specified window.</p>
				5102
				5103	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5104	<h4><a id="seed"></a>-seed</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5105	</div>
				5106
				5107	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>seed a new sequence of pseudo-random numbers</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5108
				5109	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5110	<h4><a id="segment"></a>-segment <em class="arg">cluster-threshold</em>x<em class="arg">smoothing-threshold</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5111	</div>
				5112
				5113	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>segment the colors of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5114
				5115	<p>Segment an image by analyzing the histograms of the color components and identifying units that are homogeneous with the fuzzy c-means technique. This is part of the ImageMagick color quantization routines. </p>
				5116
				5117	<p>Specify <em class="arg">cluster threshold</em> as the number of pixels in each cluster that must exceed the cluster threshold to be considered valid. <em class="arg">Smoothing threshold</em> eliminates noise in the second derivative of the histogram. As the value is increased, you can expect a smoother second derivative. The default is 1.5.</p>
				5118
				5119	<p>If the <a href="#verbose">-verbose</a> setting is defined, a detailed report
				5120	of the color clusters is returned.</p>
				5121
				5122
				5123	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5124	<h4><a id="selective-blur"></a>-selective-blur <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5125	</div>
				5126
cristy	2e2662a	2010-10-09 14:29:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5127	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5128	<h4>-selective-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-unsharp <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>{<em class="arg">+threshold</em>}</h4>
cristy	2e2662a	2010-10-09 14:29:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5129	</div>
				5130
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5131	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Selectively blur pixels within a contrast threshold.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5132
cristy	2e2662a	2010-10-09 14:29:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5133	<p>Blurs those pixels that are less than or equal to the threshold in contrast. The threshold may be expressed as a fraction of <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> or as a percentage.</p>
				5134
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5135	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5136	<h4><a id="separate"></a>-separate</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5137	</div>
				5138
				5139	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>separate an image channel into a grayscale image. Specify the channel with <a href="#channel">-channel</a>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5140
				5141	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5142	<h4><a id="sepia-tone"></a>-sepia-tone <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5143	</div>
				5144
				5145	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate a sepia-toned photo.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5146
				5147	<p>Specify <em class="arg">threshold</em> as the percent threshold of the intensity (0 - 99.9%).</p>
				5148
				5149	<p>This option applies a special effect to the image, similar to the effect achieved in a photo darkroom by sepia toning. Threshold ranges from 0 to <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> and is a measure of the extent of the sepia toning. A threshold of 80% is a good starting point for a reasonable tone.</p>
				5150
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5151
				5152
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5153	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5154	<h4><a id="set"></a>-set <em class="arg">key value</em></h4>
				5155	<h4>+set <em class="arg">key</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5156	</div>
				5157
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5158	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>sets image attributes and properties for images in the current
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5159	image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5160
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5161	<p>This will assign (or modify) specific settings attached to all the images
				5162	in the current image sequence. Using the <a href="#set">+set</a> form of the
				5163	option will either remove, or reset that setting to a default state, as
				5164	appropriate. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5165
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5166	<p>For example, it will modify specific well known image meta-data
				5167	'attributes' such as those normally overridden by: the options <a
				5168	href="#delay" >-delay</a>, <a href="#dispose" >-dispose</a>, and <a
				5169	href="#page" >-page</a>, <a href="#colorspace" >-colorspace</a>; generally
				5170	assigned before the image is read in, by using a <em class="arg">key</em> of
				5171	the same name. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5172
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5173	<p>If the given <em class="arg">key</em> does not match a specific known
				5174	'attribute ', such as shown above, the setting is stored as a a free form
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5175	'properity' string. Such settings are listed in <a href="#verbose"
				5176	>-verbose</a> information ("<kbd>info:</kbd>" output format) as "Properties".
				5177	</p>
				5178
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5179	<p>This includes string 'properities' that are set by and assigned to images
				5180	using the options <a href="#comment" >-comment</a>, <a href="#label"
				5181	>-label</a>, <a href="#caption" >-caption</a>. These options actually assign
				5182	a global 'artifact' which are automatically assigned (and any <a href="../www/escape.html" >Format Percent
				5183	Escapes</a> expanded) to images as they are read in. For example:</p>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5184
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5185	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set comment 'Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose' rose.png</span><span class='crtout'>identify -format %c rose.png</span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose</span></p>
				5186	<p>The set value can also make use of <a href="../www/escape.html" >Format and Print Image
				5187	Properties</a> in the defined value. For example:</p>
				5188
				5189	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set origsize '%wx%h' -resize 50% \</span><span class='crtout'> -format 'Old size = %[origsize] New size = %wx%h' info:</span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>Old size = 70x46 New size = 35x23</span></p>
				5190	<p>Other well known 'properities' that can be include:
				5191	'<kbd>date:create</kbd>' and '<kbd>date:modify</kbd>' and
				5192	'<kbd>signature</kbd>'. </p>
				5193
				5194	<p>The <a href="#repage">-repage</a> operator will also allow you to modify
				5195	the '<kbd>page</kbd>' attribute of an image for images already in memory (also
				5196	see <a href="#repage">-page</a>). However it is designed to provide a finer
				5197	control of the sub-parts of this 'attribute'. The <a href="#set">-set page</a>
				5198	option will only provide a direct, unmodified assignment of '<kbd>page</kbd>'
				5199	attribute. </p>
				5200
				5201	<p>This option can also associate a colorspace or profile with your image.
				5202	For example,</p>
				5203
				5204	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.psd -set profile ISOcoated_v2_eci.icc image-icc.psd</span></p>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5205	<p>Some 'properties' must be defined in a specific way to be used. For
				5206	example only 'properties' prefixed with "<kbd>filename:</kbd>" can be used to
				5207	modify the output filename of an image. For example</p>
				5208
				5209	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set filename:mysize '%wx%h' 'rose_%[filename:mysize].png'</span></p>
				5210	<p>If the setting value is prefixed with "<kbd>option:</kbd>" the setting will
				5211	be saved as a global "Artifact" exactly as if it was set using the <a
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5212	href="#define" >-define</a> option. As such settings are globel in scope, they
				5213	can be used to pass 'attributes' and 'properities' of one specific image,
				5214	in a way that allows you to use them in a completely different image, even if
				5215	the original image has long since been modified or destroyed. For example: </p>
				5216
				5217	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set option:rosesize '%wx%h' -delete 0 \</span><span class='crtout'> label:'%[rosesize]' label_size_of_rose.gif</span></p>
				5218	<p>Note that <a href="../www/escape.html" >Format Percent Escapes</a> will only match
				5219	a 'artifact' if the given <em class="arg">key</em> does not match an existing
				5220	'attribute' or 'properity'. </p>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5221
				5222	<p>You can set the attributes of the image registry by prefixing the value
				5223	with <kbd>registry:</kbd>.</p>
				5224
				5225
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5226
				5227	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5228	<h4><a id="shade"></a>-shade <em class="arg">azimuth</em>x<em class="arg">elevation</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5229	</div>
				5230
				5231	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>shade the image using a distant light source.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5232
				5233	<p>Specify <em class="arg">azimuth</em> and <em class="arg">elevation</em> as the position of the light source. Use <a href="#shade">+shade</a> to return the shading results as a grayscale image.</p>
				5234
				5235	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5236	<h4><a id="shadow"></a>-shadow <em class="arg">percent-opacity</em>{x<em class="arg">sigma</em>}{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5237	</div>
				5238
				5239	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate an image shadow.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5240
				5241	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5242	<h4><a
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5243	id="shared-memory"></a>-shared-memory</h4>
				5244	</div>
				5245
				5246	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>use shared memory.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5247
				5248	<p>This option specifies whether the utility should attempt to use shared memory for pixmaps. ImageMagick must be compiled with shared memory support, and the display must support the <em class="arg">MIT-SHM</em> extension. Otherwise, this option is ignored. The default is <kbd>True</kbd>.</p>
				5249
				5250	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5251	<h4><a id="sharpen"></a>-sharpen <em class="arg">radius</em>{x<em class="arg">sigma</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5252	</div>
				5253
				5254	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>sharpen the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5255
				5256	<p>Use a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma).</p>
				5257
				5258	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5259	<h4><a id="shave"></a>-shave <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5260	</div>
				5261
				5262	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Shave pixels from the image edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5263
				5264	<p>The <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument specifies the width of the region to be removed from both sides of the image and the height of the regions to be removed from top and bottom. Offsets are ignored.</p>
				5265
				5266	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				5267
				5268	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5269	<h4><a id="shear"></a>-shear <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em>[x<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em>]</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5270	</div>
				5271
				5272	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Shear the image along the x-axis and/or y-axis.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5273
				5274	<p>The shear angles may be positive, negative, or zero. When <em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> is omitted it defaults to 0. When both angles are given, the horizontal component of the shear is performed before the vertical component.</p>
				5275
				5276	<p>Shearing slides one edge of an image along the x-axis or y-axis (i.e., horizontally or vertically, respectively),creating a parallelogram. The amount of each is controlled by the respective shear angle. For horizontal shears, <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em> is measured clockwise relative to "up" (the negative y-axis), sliding the top edge to the right when 0°<<em class="arg">Xdegrees</em><90° and to the left when 90°<<em class="arg">Xdegrees</em><180°. For vertical shears <em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> is measured clockwise relative to "right" (the positive x-axis), sliding the right edge down when 0°<<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em><90° and up when 90°<<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em><180°.</p>
				5277
				5278	<p>Empty triangles left over from shearing the image are filled with the color defined by the <a href="#fill">-background</a> option. The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				5279
				5280	<p>The horizontal shear is performed before the vertical part. This is important to note, since horizontal and vertical shears do not <em>commute</em>, i.e., the order matters in a sequence of shears. For example, the following two commands are not equivalent.</p>
				5281
				5282	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -shear 20x0 -shear 0x60 logo-sheared.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -shear 0x60 -shear 20x0 logo-sheared.png</span></p>
				5283	<p>The first of the two commands above is equivalent to the following, except for the amount of empty space created; the command that follows generates a smaller image, and so is a better choice in terms of time and space.</p>
				5284
				5285	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -shear 20x60 logo-sheared.png</span></p>
				5286	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5287	<h4><a id="sigmoidal-contrast"></a>-sigmoidal-contrast <em class="arg">contrast</em>x<em class="arg">mid-point</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5288	</div>
				5289
				5290	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>increase the contrast without saturating highlights or shadows.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5291
				5292	<p>Increase the contrast of the image using a sigmoidal transfer function without saturating highlights or shadows. <em class="arg">Contrast</em> indicates how much to increase the contrast (0 is none; 3 is typical; 20 is a lot); <em class="arg">mid-point</em> indicates where midtones fall in the resultant image (0 is white; 50% is middle-gray; 100% is black). By default the image contrast is increased, use <em class="arg">+sigmoidal-contrast</em> to decrease the contrast.</p>
				5293
				5294	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5295	<h4><a id="silent"></a>-silent</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5296	</div>
				5297
				5298	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>operate silently.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5299
				5300	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5301	<h4><a id="size"></a>-size <em class="arg">width</em>[x<em class="arg">height</em>][<em class="arg">+offset</em>]</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5302	</div>
				5303
				5304	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the width and height of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5305
				5306	<p>Use this option to specify the width and height of raw images whose dimensions are unknown such as <kbd>GRAY</kbd>, <kbd>RGB</kbd>, or <kbd>CMYK</kbd>. In addition to width and height, use <a href="#size">-size</a> with an offset to skip any header information in the image or tell the number of colors in a <kbd>MAP</kbd> image file, (e.g. -size 640x512+256).</p>
				5307
				5308	<p>For Photo CD images, choose from these sizes:</p>
				5309
				5310	<pre class="text">
				5311	192x128
				5312	384x256
				5313	768x512
				5314	1536x1024
				5315	3072x2048
				5316	</pre>
				5317
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5318	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5319	<h4><a id="sketch"></a>-sketch <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-sketch <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>+<em class="arg">angle</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5320	</div>
				5321
				5322	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate a pencil sketch.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5323
				5324	<p>Sketch with the given radius, standard deviation (sigma), and angle. The angle given is the angle toward which the image is sketched. That is the direction people would consider the object is coming from. </p>
				5325
				5326	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5327	<h4><a id="snaps"></a>-snaps <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5328	</div>
				5329
				5330	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the number of screen snapshots.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/import.html">import</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5331
				5332	<p>Use this option to grab more than one image from the X server screen, to create an animation sequence.</p>
				5333
				5334	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5335	<h4><a id="solarize"></a>-solarize <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5336	</div>
				5337
				5338	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>negate all pixels above the threshold level.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5339
				5340	<p>Specify <em class="arg">factor</em> as the percent threshold of the intensity (0 - 99.9%).</p>
				5341
				5342	<p>This option produces a <em class="arg">solarization</em> effect seen when exposing a photographic film to light during the development process.</p>
				5343
				5344	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5345	<h4><a id="sparse-color"></a>-sparse-color <em
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5346	class="arg">method</em> '<em class="arg">x</em>,<em class="arg">y</em> <em class="arg">color</em> ...'</h4>
				5347	</div>
				5348
				5349	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'> color the given image using the specified points of color, and filling the other intervening colors using the given methods. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5350
				5351
				5352	<table class="doc">
				5353	<tbody>
				5354	<tr valign="top">
				5355	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				5356	<th align="left">Description</th>
				5357	</tr>
				5358
				5359	<tr valign="top">
				5360	<td valign="top">voronoi</td>
				5361	<td valign="top">Simply map each pixel to the to nearest color point
				5362	given. The result are polygonal 'cells' of solid color. </td>
				5363	</tr>
				5364
				5365	<tr valign="top">
				5366	<td valign="top">shepards</td>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5367	<td valign="top">Colors points biased on the ratio of inverse distance
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5368	squared. Generating spots of color in a sea of the average of
				5369	colors. </td>
				5370	</tr>
				5371
				5372	<tr valign="top">
				5373	<td valign="top">barycentric</td>
				5374	<td valign="top">three point triangle of color given 3 points.
				5375	Giving only 2 points will form a linear gradient between those points.
				5376	Gradient is however not restricted to just the triangle or line. </td>
				5377	</tr>
				5378
				5379	<tr valign="top">
				5380	<td valign="top">bilinear</td>
				5381	<td valign="top">Like barycentric but for 4 points. Less than 4 points
				5382	fall back to barycentric. </td>
				5383	</tr>
				5384
				5385	</tbody>
				5386	</table>
				5387
				5388	<p>The points are placed according to the images location on the virtual
				5389	canvas (<a href="#page" >-page</a> or <a href="#repage" >-repage</a>
				5390	offset), and do not actually have to exist on the given image, but may be
				5391	some point beyond the edge of the image. All points are floating point values.
				5392	</p>
				5393
				5394	<p>Only the color channels defined by the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> are
				5395	modified, whcih means the matte/alpha transparency channel is not effected by
				5396	default. If enabled, the image also needs a the matte/alpha channel to be
				5397	enabled for this operator to effect an images transparency. This is typical
				5398	transparency handling for images. </p>
				5399
				5400	<p>All the above methods when given a single point of color will replace all
				5401	the colors in the image with the color given, regardless of the point. This is
				5402	logical, and provides an alternative technique to recolor a image to some
				5403	default value. </p>
				5404
				5405
				5406	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5407	<h4><a id="splice"></a>-splice <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5408	</div>
				5409
				5410	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Splice the current background color into the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5411
				5412	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. See <a href="#background">-background</a> to reset the background color.</p>
				5413
				5414	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5415	<h4><a id="spread"></a>-spread <em class="arg">amount</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5416	</div>
				5417
				5418	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>displace image pixels by a random amount.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5419
				5420	<p>The argument <em class="arg">amount</em> defines the size of the neighborhood around each pixel from which to choose a candidate pixel to swap.</p>
				5421
				5422	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5423	<h4><a id="stegano"></a>-stegano <em class="arg">offset</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5424	</div>
				5425
				5426	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>hide watermark within an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5427
				5428	<p>Use an offset to start the image hiding some number of pixels from the beginning of the image. Note this offset and the image size. You will need this information to recover the steganographic image (e.g. display -size 320x256+35 stegano:image.png).</p>
				5429
				5430	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5431	<h4><a id="stereo"></a>-stereo <em class="arg">+x</em>{<em class="arg">+y</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5432	</div>
				5433
				5434	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>composite two images to create a stereo anaglyph.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5435
				5436	<p>The left side of the stereo pair is saved as the red channel of the output image. The right side is saved as the green channel. Red-green stereo glasses are required to properly view the stereo image.</p>
				5437
				5438	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5439	<h4><a id="storage-type"></a>-storage-type <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5440	</div>
				5441
				5442	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>pixel storage type. Here are the valid types:</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5443
				5444	<pre class="text">
				5445	char store pixels as unsigned characters
				5446	double store pixels as doubles
				5447	float store pixels as floats
				5448	integer store pixels as integers
				5449	long store pixels as longs
				5450	quantum store pixels in the native depth of your ImageMagick distribution
				5451	short store pixels as unsigned shorts
				5452	</pre>
				5453
				5454	<p>Float and double types are normalized from 0.0 to 1.0 otherwise the pixels
				5455	values range from 0 to the maximum value the storage type can support.</p>
				5456
				5457	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5458	<h4><a id="stretch"></a>-stretch <em class="arg">fontStretch</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5459	</div>
				5460
				5461	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a type of stretch style for fonts.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5462
				5463	<p>This setting suggests a type of stretch that ImageMagick should try to apply to the currently selected font family. Select <em class="arg">fontStretch</em> from the following.</p>
				5464
				5465	<pre class="text">
				5466	Any
				5467	Condensed
				5468	Expanded
				5469	ExtraCondensed
				5470	ExtraExpanded
				5471	Normal
				5472	SemiCondensed
				5473	SemiExpanded
				5474	UltraCondensed
				5475	UltraExpanded
				5476	</pre>
				5477
				5478	<p>To print a complete list of stretch types, use <a href="#list">-list stretch</a>.</p>
				5479
				5480	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#style">-style</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
				5481
				5482	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5483	<h4><a id="strip"></a>-strip</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5484	</div>
				5485
				5486	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>strip the image of any profiles or comments.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5487
				5488	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5489	<h4><a id="stroke"></a>-stroke <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5490	</div>
				5491
				5492	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>color to use when stroking a graphic primitive.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5493
				5494	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				5495
				5496	<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				5497
				5498	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5499	<h4><a id="strokewidth"></a>-strokewidth <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5500	</div>
				5501
				5502	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the stroke width.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5503
				5504	<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				5505
				5506	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5507	<h4><a id="style"></a>-style <em class="arg">fontStyle</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5508	</div>
				5509
				5510	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a font style for text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5511
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5512	<p>This setting suggests a font style that ImageMagick should try to apply to
				5513	the currently selected font family. Select <em class="arg">fontStyle</em> from
				5514	the following.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5515
				5516	<pre class="text">
				5517	Any
				5518	Italic
				5519	Normal
				5520	Oblique
				5521	</pre>
				5522
				5523	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
				5524
				5525	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5526	<h4><a id="subimage-search"></a>-subimage-search</h4>
cristy	ae6203d	2010-08-09 01:12:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5527	</div>
				5528
cristy	d4d64ed	2010-08-22 22:19:33 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5529	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>search for subimage.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/compare.html">compare</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5530
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5531	<p>This option is required to have compare search for the best match location
				5532	of a small image within a larger image. This search will produce two images
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5533	(or two frames). The first is the "difference" image and the second will
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5534	be the "match score" image.</p>
				5535
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5536	<p>The "match-score" image is smaller containing a pixel for ever possible
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5537	position of the top-left corner of the given sub-image. that is its size will
				5538	be the size of the larger_image - sub_image + 1. The brightest location in
				5539	this image is the location s the locate on the best match that is also
				5540	reported. Note that this may or may nor be a perfect match, and the actual
				5541	brightness will reflect this. Other bright 'peaks' can be used to locate other
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5542	possible matching loctions. </p>
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5543
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5544	<p>Note that the search will try to compare teh sub-image at every possible
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5545	location in the larger image, as such it can be very slow. The smaller the
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5546	sub-image the faster this search is. </p>
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5547
cristy	ae6203d	2010-08-09 01:12:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5548
				5549	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5550	<h4><a id="swap"></a>-swap <em class="arg">index,index</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5551	</div>
				5552
				5553	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Swap the positions of two images in the image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5554
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5555	<p>For example, <a href="#swap">-swap 0,2</a> swaps the first and the third
				5556	images in the current image sequence. Use <a href="#swap">+swap</a> to switch
				5557	the last two images in the sequence.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5558
				5559	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5560	<h4><a id="swirl"></a>-swirl <em class="arg">degrees</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5561	</div>
				5562
				5563	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>swirl image pixels about the center.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5564
				5565	<p><em class="arg">Degrees</em> defines the tightness of the swirl.</p>
				5566
				5567	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5568	<h4><a id="synchronize"></a>-synchronize</h4>
cristy	5063d81	2010-10-19 16:28:10 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5569	</div>
				5570
				5571	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>synchronize image to storage device.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5572
				5573	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5574	<h4><a id="taint"></a>-taint</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5575	</div>
				5576
cristy	5063d81	2010-10-19 16:28:10 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5577	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mark the image as modified.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5578
				5579	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5580	<h4><a id="text-font"></a>-text-font <em class="arg">name</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5581	</div>
				5582
				5583	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>font for writing fixed-width text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5584
				5585	<p>Specifies the name of the preferred font to use in fixed (typewriter style) formatted text. The default is 14 point <em class="arg">Courier</em>.</p>
				5586
				5587	<p>You can tag a font to specify whether it is a PostScript, TrueType, or OPTION1 font. For example, <kbd>Courier.ttf</kbd> is a TrueType font and <kbd>x:fixed</kbd> is OPTION1.</p>
				5588
				5589	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5590	<h4><a id="texture"></a>-texture <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5591	</div>
				5592
				5593	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>name of texture to tile onto the image background.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5594
				5595	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5596	<h4><a id="threshold"></a>-threshold <em class="arg">value</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5597	</div>
				5598
				5599	<!-- {<em class="arg">green,blue,opacity</em>}
				5600	<p>If the green or blue value is omitted, these channels use the same value as the first one provided. If all three color values are the same, the result is a bi-level image. If the opacity threshold is omitted, OpaqueOpacity is used and any partially transparent pixel becomes fully transparent.</p>
				5601	-->
				5602
				5603	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply simultaneous black/white threshold to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5604
				5605	<p>Any pixel values (more specifically, those channels set using <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a>) that exceed the specified threshold are reassigned the maximum channel value, while all other values are assigned the minimum.</p>
				5606
				5607	<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer value corresponding to the desired channel value. When given as an integer, the minimum attainable value is 0 (corresponding to black when all channels are affected), but the maximum value (corresponding to white) is that of the <kbd>quantum depth</kbd> of the particular build of ImageMagick, and is therefore dependent on the installation. For that reason, a reasonable recommendation for most applications is to specify the threshold values as a percentage.
				5608	</p>
				5609
				5610	<p> The following would force pixels with red values above 50% to have 100% red values, while those at or below 50% red would be set to 0 in the red channel. The green, blue, and alpha channels (if present) would be unchanged. </p>
				5611
				5612	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -channel red -threshold 50% out.png</span></p>
				5613	<p>As (possibly) impractical but instructive examples, the following would generate an all-black and an all-white image with the same dimensions as the input image.</p>
				5614
				5615
				5616	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -threshold 100% black.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -threshold -1 white.png</span></p>
				5617	<p>Note that the values of the transparency channel is treated as 'matte'
				5618	values (0 is opaque) and not as 'alpha' values (0 is transparent).</p>
				5619
				5620	<p> See also <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#black-threshold">‑black‑threshold</a> and <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#white-threshold">‑white‑threshold</a>.
				5621	</p>
				5622
				5623	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5624	<h4><a id="thumbnail"></a>-thumbnail <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5625	</div>
				5626
				5627	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Create a thumbnail of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5628
				5629	<p>This is similar to <a href="#resize">-resize</a>, except it is optimized for speed and any image profile, other than a color profile, is removed to reduce the thumbnail size. To strip the color profiles as well, add <a href="#strip">-strip</a> just before of after this option.</p>
				5630
				5631	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				5632
				5633	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5634	<h4><a id="tile"></a>-tile <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5635	</div>
				5636
				5637	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the tile image used for filling a subsequent graphic primitive.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5638
				5639	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5640	<h4>-tile <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				5641	</div>
				5642
				5643	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify the layout of images .</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5644
				5645	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				5646
				5647	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5648	<h4>-tile</h4>
				5649	</div>
				5650
				5651	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specifies that a subsequent composite operation is repeated across and down image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5652
				5653	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5654	<h4><a id="tile-offset"></a>-tile-offset {<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5655	</div>
				5656
				5657	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify the offset for tile images, relative to the background image it is tiled on.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5658
				5659	<p>This should be set before the tiling image is set by <a href="#tile" >-tile</a> or <a href="#texture" >-texture</a>, or directly applied for creating a tiled canvas using <kbd>TILE:</kbd> or <kbd>PATTERN:</kbd> input formats. </p>
				5660
				5661	<p>Internally ImageMagick does a <a href="#roll" >-roll</a> of the tile image by the arguments given when the tile image is set. </p>
				5662
				5663	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5664	<h4><a id="tint"></a>-tint <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5665	</div>
				5666
				5667	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Tint the image with the fill color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5668
				5669	<p>Tint the image with the fill color.</p>
				5670
				5671	<p>Specify the amount of tinting as a percentage. Pure colors like black, white red, yellow, will not be affected by -tint. Only mid-range colors such as the various shades of grey.</p>
				5672
				5673	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5674	<h4><a id="title"></a>-title <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5675	</div>
				5676
				5677	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Assign a title to displayed image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>, <a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5678
				5679	<p>Use this option to assign a specific title to the image. This assigned to the image window and is typically displayed in the window title bar. Optionally you can include the image filename, type, width, height, Exif data, or other image attribute by embedding special format characters described under the <a href="#format">-format</a> option.</p>
				5680
				5681	<p>For example,</p>
				5682
				5683	<p class="crtsnip">
				5684	-title "%m:%f %wx%h"
				5685	</p>
				5686
				5687	<p>produces an image title of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> for an image titled <kbd>bird.miff</kbd> and whose width is 512 and height is 480.</p>
				5688
				5689
				5690	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5691	<h4><a id="transform"></a>-transform</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5692	</div>
				5693
				5694	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>transform the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5695
				5696	<p>This option applies the transformation matrix from a previous <a href="#affine">-affine</a> option.</p>
				5697
				5698	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -affine 2,2,-2,2,0,0 -transform bird.ppm bird.jpg</span></p>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5699
				5700	<p>This operator has been now been superseded by the <a
				5701	href="#distort">-distort</a> '<kbd>AffineProjection</kbd>' method. </p>
				5702
				5703
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5704	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5705	<h4><a id="transparent"></a>-transparent <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5706	</div>
				5707
				5708	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Make this color transparent within the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5709
				5710	<p>The <em class="arg">color</em> argument is defined using the format
				5711	described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option. The <a href="#fuzz"
				5712	>-fuzz</a> setting can be used to match and replace colors similar to the one
				5713	given. </p>
				5714
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5715	<p>Use <a href="#transparent" >+transparent</a> to invert the pixels matched.
				5716	that is make all non-matching colors transparent. </p>
				5717
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5718	<p>The <a href="#opaque">-opaque</a> operator is exactly the same as <a
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5719	href="#transparent" >-transparent</a> but replaces the matching color with the
				5720	current <a href="#fill">-fill</a> color setting, rather than transparent.
				5721	However the <a href="#transparent" >-transparent</a> operator also ensures
				5722	that the image has an alpha channel enabled, as per "<kbd><a href="#alpha"
				5723	>-alpha</a> set</kbd>", and does not require you to modify the <a
				5724	href="#channel">-channel</a> to enable alpha channel handling. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5725
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5726	<p>Note that this does not define the color as being the 'transparency color'
				5727	used for color-mapped image formats, such as GIF. For that use <a
				5728	href="#transparent-color" >-transparent-color</a> </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5729
				5730
				5731	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5732	<h4><a id="transparent-color"></a>-transparent-color <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5733	</div>
				5734
				5735	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the transparent color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5736
				5737	<p>Sometimes this is used for saving to image formats such as
				5738	GIF and PNG8 which uses this color to represent boolean transparency. This
				5739	does not make a color transparent, it only defines what color the transparent
				5740	color is in the color palette of the saved image. Use <a
				5741	href="#transparent">-transparent</a> to make an opaque color transparent.</p>
				5742
				5743	<p>This option allows you to have both an opaque visible color, as well as a
				5744	transparent color of the same color value without conflict. That is, you can
				5745	use the same color for both the transparent and opaque color areas within an
				5746	image. This, in turn, frees to you to select a transparent color that is
				5747	appropriate when an image is displayed by an application that does not handle a
				5748	transparent color index, while allowing ImageMagick to correctly handle images of this
				5749	type. </p>
				5750
				5751	<p>The default transparent color is <kbd>#00000000</kbd>, which is fully transparent black.</p>
				5752
				5753	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5754	<h4><a id="transpose"></a>-transpose</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5755	</div>
				5756
				5757	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mirror the image along the top-left to bottom-right diagonal.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5758
				5759	<p> This option mathematically transposes the pixel array. It is equivalent to the sequence <kbd>-flip -rotate 90</kbd>.
				5760	</p>
				5761
				5762	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5763	<h4><a id="transverse"></a>-transverse</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5764	</div>
				5765
				5766	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mirror the image along the images bottom-left top-right diagonal. Equivalent to the operations <kbd>-flop -rotate 90</kbd>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5767
				5768
				5769	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5770	<h4><a id="treedepth"></a>-treedepth <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5771	</div>
				5772
				5773	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>tree depth for the color reduction algorithm.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5774
				5775	<p>Normally, this integer value is zero or one. A value of zero or one causes the use of an optimal tree depth for the color reduction algorithm.</p>
				5776
				5777	<p>An optimal depth generally allows the best representation of the source image with the fastest computational speed and the least amount of memory. However, the default depth is inappropriate for some images. To assure the best representation, try values between 2 and 8 for this parameter. Refer to the <a href="../www/quantize.html">color reduction algorithm</a> for more details.</p>
				5778
				5779	<p>The <a href="#colors">-colors</a> or <a href="#monochrome">-monochrome</a> option, or writing to an image format which requires color reduction, is required for this option to take effect.</p>
				5780
				5781	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5782	<h4><a id="trim"></a>-trim</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5783	</div>
				5784
				5785	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>trim an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5786
				5787	<p>This option removes any edges that are exactly the same color as the corner pixels. Use <a href="#fuzz">-fuzz</a> to make <a href="#trim">-trim</a> remove edges that are nearly the same color as the corner pixels.</p>
				5788
				5789	<p>The page or virtual canvas information of the image is preserved allowing
				5790	you to extract the result of the <a href="#trim">-trim</a> operation from the
				5791	image. Use a <a href="#repage">+repage</a> to remove the virtual canvas page
				5792	information if it is unwanted.</p>
				5793
				5794	<p>If the trimmed image 'disappears' an warning is produced, and a special
				5795	single pixel transparent 'missed' image is returned, in the same way as when a
				5796	<a href="#crop">-crop</a> operation 'misses' the image proper. </p>
				5797
				5798
				5799	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5800	<h4><a id="type"></a>-type <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5801	</div>
				5802
				5803	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the image type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5804	<p>Choose from: <kbd>Bilevel</kbd>, <kbd>Grayscale</kbd>, <kbd>GrayscaleMatte</kbd>, <kbd>Palette</kbd>, <kbd>PaletteMatte</kbd>, <kbd>TrueColor</kbd>, <kbd>TrueColorMatte</kbd>, <kbd>ColorSeparation</kbd>, or <kbd>ColorSeparationMatte</kbd>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5805
				5806	<p>Normally, when a format supports different subformats such as grayscale and truecolor, the encoder will try to choose an efficient subformat. The <a href="#type">-type</a> option can be used to overrride this behavior. For example, to prevent a JPEG from being written in grayscale format even though only gray pixels are present, use.</p>
				5807
				5808	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert bird.png -type TrueColor bird.jpg</span></p>
				5809	<p>Similarly, use <a href="#type">-type TrueColorMatte</a> to force the encoder to write an alpha channel even though the image is opaque, if the output format supports transparency.</p>
				5810
				5811	<p>Use <a href="#type">-type optimize</a> to ensure the image is written in the smallest possible file size.</p>
				5812
				5813	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5814	<h4><a id="undercolor"></a>-undercolor <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5815	</div>
				5816
				5817	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the color of the annotation bounding box.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5818
				5819	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				5820
				5821	<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				5822
				5823
				5824	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5825	<h4><a id="update"></a>-update <em class="arg">seconds</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5826	</div>
				5827
				5828	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>detect when image file is modified and redisplay.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5829
				5830	<p>Suppose that while you are displaying an image the file that is currently displayed is over-written. <kbd>display</kbd> will automagically detect that the input file has been changed and update the displayed image accordingly.</p>
				5831
				5832
				5833	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5834	<h4><a id="unique-colors"></a>-unique-colors</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5835	</div>
				5836
				5837	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>discard all but one of any pixel color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5838
				5839
				5840	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5841	<h4><a id="units"></a>-units <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5842	</div>
				5843
				5844	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the units of image resolution.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5845
				5846	<p>Choose from: <kbd>Undefined</kbd>, <kbd>PixelsPerInch</kbd>, or <kbd>PixelsPerCentimeter</kbd>. This option is normally used in conjunction with the <a href="#density">-density</a> option.</p>
				5847
				5848
				5849	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5850	<h4><a id="unsharp"></a>-unsharp <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-unsharp <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>{<em class="arg">+amount</em>}{<em class="arg">+threshold</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5851	</div>
				5852
				5853	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>sharpen the image with an unsharp mask operator.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5854
				5855	<p>The <a href="#unsharp">-unsharp</a> option sharpens an image. The image is convolved with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma). For reasonable results, radius should be larger than sigma. Use a radius of 0 to have the method select a suitable radius.</p>
				5856
				5857	<p>The parameters are:</p>
				5858
				5859	<pre class="text">
				5860	radius: The radius of the Gaussian, in pixels, not counting the center
				5861	pixel (default 0).
				5862	sigma: The standard deviation of the Gaussian, in pixels (default 1.0).
				5863	amount: The fraction of the difference between the original and the blur
				5864	image that is added back into the original (default 1.0).
				5865	threshold: The threshold, as a fraction of <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>, needed to apply the
				5866	difference amount (default 0.05).
				5867	</pre>
				5868
				5869
				5870	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5871	<h4><a id="verbose"></a>-verbose</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5872	</div>
				5873
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5874	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>print detailed information about the image when this option precedes the <a href="#identify">-identify</a> option or <kbd>info:</kbd>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5875
				5876
				5877	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5878	<h4><a id="version"></a>-version</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5879	</div>
				5880
				5881	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>print ImageMagick version string and exit.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5882
				5883
				5884	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5885	<h4><a id="view"></a>-view <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5886	</div>
				5887
				5888	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>FlashPix viewing parameters.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5889
				5890
				5891	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5892	<h4><a id="vignette"></a>-vignette <em class="arg">radius</em>{x<em class="arg">sigma</em>}{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5893	</div>
				5894
				5895	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>soften the edges of the image in vignette style.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5896
				5897
				5898	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5899	<h4><a id="virtual-pixel"></a>-virtual-pixel <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5900	</div>
				5901
				5902	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify contents of <em>virtual pixels</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5903
				5904	<p>This option defines what color source should be used if and when a color
				5905	lookup completely 'misses' the source image. The color(s) that appear to
				5906	surround the source image. Generally this color is derived from the source
				5907	image, but could also be set to a specify background color. </p>
				5908
				5909	<p>Choose from these methods:</p>
				5910
				5911	<pre class="text">
				5912	background: the area surrounding the image is the background color
				5913	black: the area surrounding the image is black
				5914	checker-tile: alternate squares with image and background color
				5915	dither: non-random 32x32 dithered pattern
				5916	edge: extend the edge pixel toward infinity
				5917	gray: the area surrounding the image is gray
				5918	horizontal-tile: horizontally tile the image, background color above/below
				5919	horizontal-tile-edge: horizontally tile the image and replicate the side edge pixels
				5920	mirror: mirror tile the image
				5921	random: choose a random pixel from the image
				5922	tile: tile the image (default)
				5923	transparent: the area surrounding the image is transparent blackness
				5924	vertical-tile: vertically tile the image, sides are background color
				5925	vertical-tile-edge: vertically tile the image and replicate the side edge pixels
				5926	white: the area surrounding the image is white
				5927	</pre>
				5928
				5929	<p>The default value is "edge".</p>
				5930
				5931	<p>This most important for distortion operators such as <a href="#distort"
				5932	>-distort</a>, <a href="#implode" >-implode</a>, and <a href="#fx" >-fx</a>.
				5933	However it also effects operations that may access pixels just outside the
				5934	image proper, such as <a href="#convolve">-convolve</a>, <a
				5935	href="#blur">-blur</a>, and <a href="#sharpen">-sharpen</a>. </p>
				5936
				5937	<p>To print a complete list of virtual pixel types, use the <a href="#list">-list virtual-pixel</a> option.</p>
				5938
				5939
				5940	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5941	<h4><a id="visual"></a>-visual <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5942	</div>
				5943
				5944	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Animate images using this X visual type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5945
				5946	<p>Choose from these visual classes:</p>
				5947
				5948	<pre class="text">
				5949	StaticGray
				5950	GrayScale
				5951	StaticColor
				5952	PseudoColor
				5953	TrueColor
				5954	DirectColor
				5955	default
				5956	visual id
				5957	</pre>
				5958
				5959	<p>The X server must support the visual you choose, otherwise an error occurs. If a visual is not specified, the visual class that can display the most simultaneous colors on the default screen is chosen.</p>
				5960
				5961
				5962	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5963	<h4><a id="watermark"></a>-watermark <em
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5964	class="arg">brightness</em>x<em class="arg">saturation</em></h4>
				5965	</div>
				5966
				5967	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Watermark an image using the given percentages of brightness and
				5968	saturation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5969
				5970	<p>Take a grayscale image (with alpha mask) and modify the destination image's
				5971	brightness according to watermark image's grayscale value and the <em
				5972	class="arg">brightness</em> percentage. The destinations color saturation
				5973	attribute is just direct modified by the <em class="arg">saturation</em>
				5974	percentage, which defaults to 100 percent (no color change). </p>
				5975
				5976
				5977	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5978	<h4><a id="wave"></a>-wave <em class="arg">amplitude</em><br />-wave <em class="arg">amplitude</em>x<em class="arg">wavelength</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5979	</div>
				5980
				5981	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Shear the columns of an image into a sine wave.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5982
				5983	<p>Specify <em class="arg">amplitude</em> and <em class="arg">wavelength</em> of the wave.</p>
				5984
				5985	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5986	<h4><a id="weight"></a>-weight <em class="arg">fontWeight</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5987	</div>
				5988
				5989	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a font weight for text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5990
				5991	<p>This setting suggests a font weight that ImageMagick should try to apply to the currently selected font family. Use a positive integer for <em class="arg">fontWeight</em> or select from the following.</p>
				5992
				5993	<table class="doc">
				5994	<col width="25%" />
				5995	<col width="75%" />
				5996	<thead>
				5997	<tr>
				5998	<th><em class="arg">fontWeight</em></th>
				5999	<th>Description</th>
				6000	</tr>
				6001	</thead>
				6002	<tbody>
				6003	<tr><td>All </td> <td>No effect. </td></tr>
				6004	<tr><td>Bold </td> <td>Same as <em class="arg">fontWeight</em> = 700.</td></tr>
				6005	<tr><td>Bolder </td> <td>Add 100 to font weight if currently ≤ 800.</td></tr>
				6006	<tr><td>Lighter </td> <td>Subtract 100 to font weight if currently ≤ 100.</td></tr>
				6007	<tr><td>Normal </td> <td>Same as <em class="arg">fontWeight</em> = 400.</td></tr>
				6008	</tbody>
				6009	</table>
				6010
				6011	<p>To print a complete list of weight types, use <a href="#list">-list weight</a>.</p>
				6012
				6013	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, and <a href="#style">-style</a>. </p>
				6014
				6015	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6016	<h4><a id="white-point"></a>-white-point <em class="arg">x,y</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6017	</div>
				6018
				6019	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>chromaticity white point.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				6020
				6021	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6022	<h4><a id="white-threshold"></a>-white-threshold <em class="arg">value</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6023	</div>
				6024
cristy	5cadd61	2009-09-21 19:33:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6025	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Force to white all pixels above the threshold while leaving all pixels at or below the threshold unchanged.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				6026
				6027	<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer value within [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>] corresponding to the desired <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a> value. See <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a> for more details on thresholds and resulting values.
				6028	</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6029
				6030	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6031	<h4><a id="window"></a>-window <em class="arg">id</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6032	</div>
				6033
				6034	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Make the image the background of a window.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				6035
				6036	<p><em class="arg">id</em> can be a window id or name. Specify <kbd>root</kbd> to select X's root window as the target window.</p>
				6037
				6038	<p>By default the image is tiled onto the background of the target window. If <kbd>backdrop</kbd> or <a href="#geometry">-resize</a> are specified, the image is surrounded by the background color. Refer to <kbd>X RESOURCES</kbd> for details.</p>
				6039
				6040	<p>The image will not display on the root window if the image has more unique colors than the target window colormap allows. Use <a href="#colors">-colors</a> to reduce the number of colors.</p>
				6041
				6042	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6043	<h4><a id="window-group"></a>-window-group</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6044	</div>
				6045
				6046	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the window group.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				6047
				6048	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6049	<h4><a id="write"></a>-write <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6050	</div>
				6051
				6052	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>write an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				6053	<p>The image sequence preceding the <a href="#write">-write</a> <em class="arg">filename</em> option is written out, and processing continues with the same image in its current state if there are additional options. To restore the image to its original state after writing it, use the <a href="#write">+write</a> <em class="arg">filename</em> option.</p>
				6054
				6055	<p>Use <a href="#compress">-compress</a> to specify the type of image compression.</p>
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6056	</div>
				6057	</div>
cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6058
				6059	</div>
				6060
				6061	<div id="linkbar">
cristy	ce69bb0	2010-07-27 19:49:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6062	<span id="linkbar-west"> </span>
cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6063	<span id="linkbar-center">
				6064	<a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/discourse-server/">Discourse Server</a> •
cristy	a890294	2010-07-30 00:49:52 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6065	<a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/MagickStudio/scripts/MagickStudio.cgi">Studio</a>
cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6066	</span>
				6067	<span id="linkbar-east"> </span>
				6068	</div>
				6069	<div class="footer">
cristy	7e41fe8	2010-12-04 23:12:08 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6070	<span id="footer-west">© 1999-2011 ImageMagick Studio LLC</span>
cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6071	<span id="footer-east"> <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/script/contact.php">Contact the Wizards</a></span>
				6072	</div>
				6073	<div style="clear: both; margin: 0; width: 100%; "></div>
cristy	a890294	2010-07-30 00:49:52 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6074	<script type="text/javascript">
				6075	var _gaq = _gaq \|\| [];
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				6080	var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true;
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				6083	})();
				6084	</script>
cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6085	</body>
				6086	</html>