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cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1
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cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5	<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
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cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	15	<title>ImageMagick: Command-line Options</title>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	16	<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-US"/>
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cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	19	<meta name="Application-name" content="ImageMagick"/>
cristy	af8d665	2011-02-04 21:57:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	20	<meta name="Description" content="Use ImageMagick to convert, edit, or compose bitmap images in a variety of formats. In addition resize, rotate, shear, distort and transform images."/>
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	21	<meta name="Application-url" content="http://www.imagemagick.org"/>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	22	<meta name="Generator" content="PHP"/>
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cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	24	<meta name="Rating" content="GENERAL"/>
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cristy	7e41fe8	2010-12-04 23:12:08 +0000	[diff] [blame]	30	<meta name="Copyright" content="Copyright (c) 1999-2011 ImageMagick Studio LLC"/>
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cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	32	<link rel="icon" href="../images/wand.png"/>
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	33	<link rel="shortcut icon" href="../images/wand.ico" type="images/x-icon"/>
				34	<link rel="meta" type="application/rdf+xml" title="ICI" href="http://imagemagick.org/ici.rdf"/>
cristy	7a40ba8	2011-01-08 20:31:18 +0000	[diff] [blame]	35	<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.google.com/cse/style/look/default.css" type="text/css" />
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	36	<style type="text/css" media="all">
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cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	39	<script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
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cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	52	</head>
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cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	69	<a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/discourse-server/">
cristy	af8d665	2011-02-04 21:57:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	70	<img src="../images/logo.jpg"
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cristy	178edaf	2011-01-23 03:42:39 +0000	[diff] [blame]	72	style="width: 123px; height: 118px; border: 0px; float: right;" /></a>
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cristy	af8d665	2011-02-04 21:57:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	74	<img src="../images/sprite.jpg"
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cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	76	style="width: 114px; height: 118px; border: 0px; float: right;" /></a>
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cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	82	<a title="About ImageMagick" href="../index.html">About ImageMagick</a>
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				202
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	203	<h1>Create, Edit, or Compose Bitmap Images With These Command-line Options</h1>
cristy	5cadd61	2009-09-21 19:33:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	204	<p class="navigation-index">
cristy	8b9dd95	2011-03-21 22:56:18 +0000	[diff] [blame]	205	[ <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#adaptive-blur">‑adaptive‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#adaptive-resize">‑adaptive‑resize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#adaptive-sharpen">‑adaptive‑sharpen</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#adjoin">‑adjoin</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#affine">‑affine</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#alpha">‑alpha</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#annotate">‑annotate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#antialias">‑antialias</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#append">‑append</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a 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href="../www/command-line-options.html#spread">‑spread</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#statistic">‑statistic</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#stegano">‑stegano</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#stereo">‑stereo</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#stretch">‑stretch</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#strip">‑strip</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#stroke">‑stroke</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#strokewidth">‑strokewidth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#style">‑style</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#subimage-search">‑subimage‑search</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#swap">‑swap</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#swirl">‑swirl</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#synchronize">‑synchronize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#taint">‑taint</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#text-font">‑text‑font</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#texture">‑texture</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#thumbnail">‑thumbnail</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#tile">‑tile</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#tile-offset">‑tile‑offset</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#tint">‑tint</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#title">‑title</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transform">‑transform</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transparent">‑transparent</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transparent-color">‑transparent‑color</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transpose">‑transpose</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transverse">‑transverse</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#treedepth">‑treedepth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#trim">‑trim</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#type">‑type</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#undercolor">‑undercolor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#unique-colors">‑unique‑colors</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#units">‑units</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#unsharp">‑unsharp</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#update">‑update</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#verbose">‑verbose</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#version">‑version</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#view">‑view</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#vignette">‑vignette</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">‑virtual‑pixel</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#visual">‑visual</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#watermark">‑watermark</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#wave">‑wave</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#weight">‑weight</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#white-point">‑white‑point</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#white-threshold">‑white‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#window">‑window</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#window-group">‑window‑group</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#write">‑write</a> ] </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	206
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	207	<div class="doc-section">
				208
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	209	<p>Below is list of command-line options recognized by the ImageMagick <a
				210	href="../www/command-line-tools.html">command-line
				211	tools</a>. If you want a description of a particular option, click on the
				212	option name in the navigation bar above and you will go right to it. Unless
cristy	a890294	2010-07-30 00:49:52 +0000	[diff] [blame]	213	otherwise noted, each option is recognized by the commands <a href="../www/convert.html">convert</a>, <a href="../www/mogrify.html">mogrify</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	214
				215	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	216	<h4><a id="adaptive-blur"></a>-adaptive-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>[x<em class="arg">sigma</em>]</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	217	</div>
				218
				219	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adaptively blur pixels, with decreasing effect near edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	220	<p>A Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (<em class="arg">sigma</em>) is used. If <em class="arg">sigma</em> is not given it defaults to 1.</p>
				221
				222	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	223	<h4><a id="adaptive-resize"></a>-adaptive-resize <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	224	</div>
				225
				226	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Resize the image using data-dependent triangulation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				227
				228	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <a href="#adaptive-resize">-adaptive-resize</a> option defaults to data-dependent triangulation. Use the <a href="#filter">-filter</a> to choose a different resampling algorithm. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are ignored, and the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
				229
				230	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	231	<h4><a id="adaptive-sharpen"></a>-adaptive-sharpen <em class="arg">radius</em>[x<em class="arg">sigma</em>]</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	232	</div>
				233
				234	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adaptively sharpen pixels, with increasing effect near edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				235
				236	<p>A Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (<em class="arg">sigma</em>) is used. If <em class="arg">sigma</em> is not given it defaults to 1.</p>
				237
				238	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	239	<h4><a id="adjoin"></a>-adjoin</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	240	</div>
				241
				242	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Join images into a single multi-image file.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				243
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	244	<p>This option is enabled by default. An attempt is made to save all images of
				245	an image sequence into the given output file. However, some formats, such as
				246	JPEG and PNG, do not support more than one image per file, and in that case
				247	ImageMagick is forced to write each image as a separate file. As such, if
				248	more than one image needs to be written, the filename given is modified by
				249	adding a <a href="#scene">-scene</a> number before the suffix, in order to
				250	make distinct names for each image. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	251
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	252	<p>Use <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> to force each image to be written to
				253	separate files, whether or not the file format allows multiple images per file
				254	(for example, GIF, MIFF, and TIFF). </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	255
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	256	<p>Including a C-style integer format string in the output filename will
				257	automagically enable <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> and are used to specify
				258	where the <a href="#scene">-scene</a> number is placed in the filenames. These
				259	strings, such as '<kbd>%d</kbd>' or '<kbd>%03d</kbd>', are familiar to those
				260	who have used the standard <kbd>printf()</kbd>' C-library function. As an
				261	example, the command</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	262
				263	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: rose: -morph 15 my%02dmorph.jpg</span></p>
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	264	<p>will create a sequence of 17 images (the two given plus 15 more created by
				265	<a href="#morph">-morph</a>), named: my00morph.jpg, my01morph.jpg,
				266	my02morph.jpg, ..., my16morph.jpg. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	267
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	268	<p>In summary, ImageMagick tries to write all images to one file, but will
				269	save to multiple files, if any of the following conditions exist...
				270	<ol>
				271	<li>the output image's file format does not allow multi-image files,
				272	<li>the <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> option is given, or
				273	<li>a printf() integer format string (eg: "%d") is present in the output
				274	filename.
				275	</ol></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	276
				277
				278	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	279	<h4><a id="affine"></a>-affine
				280	<em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">r<sub>x</sub></em>,<em
				281	class="arg">r<sub>y</sub></em>,<em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em>[,<em
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	282	class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em>]</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	283	</div>
				284
				285	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the drawing transformation matrix for combined rotating and scaling.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				286
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	287	<p>This option sets a transformation matrix, for use by subsequent <a
				288	href="#draw">-draw</a> or <a href="#transform">-transform</a> options. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	289
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	290	<p>The matrix entries are entered as comma-separated numeric values either in
				291	quotes or without spaces. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	292
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	293	<p>Internally, the transformation matrix has 3x3 elements, but three of them
				294	are omitted from the input because they are constant. The new (transformed)
				295	coordinates (<em class="arg">x'</em>, <em class="arg">y'</em>) of a pixel at
				296	position (<em class="arg">x</em>, <em class="arg">y</em>) in the original
				297	image are calculated using the following matrix equation.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	298
				299	<div class="eqn">
				300	<img alt="affine transformation" src="../images/affine.png"/>
				301	</div>
				302
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	303	<p> The size of the resulting image is that of the smallest rectangle that
				304	contains the transformed source image. The parameters <em
				305	class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em>
				306	subsequently shift the image pixels so that those that are moved out of the
				307	image area are cut off.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	308
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	309	<p>The transformation matrix complies with the left-handed pixel coordinate
				310	system: positive <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> directions
				311	are rightward and downward, resp.; positive rotation is clockwise.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	312
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	313	<p> If the translation coefficients <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em
				314	class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> are omotted they default to 0,0. Therefore,
				315	four parameters suffice for rotation and scaling without translation.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	316
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	317	<p>Scaling by the factors <em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em> and <em
				318	class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em> in the <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> directions,
				319	respectively, is accomplished with the following.</p>
				320
				321	<p>See <a href="#transform">-transform</a>, and the <a
				322	href="#distort">-distort</a> method '<kbd>Affineprojection</kbd> for more
				323	information </p>
				324
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	325
				326	<p class="crtsnip">
				327	-affine <em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em>,0,0,<em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em>
				328	</p>
				329
				330	<p>Translation by a displacement (<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>, <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em>) is accomplished like so:</p>
				331
				332	<p class="crtsnip">
				333	-affine 1,0,0,1,<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em>
				334	</p>
				335
				336	<p>Rotate clockwise about the origin (the upper left-hand corner) by an angle <em>a</em> by letting
				337	<em>c</em> = cos(<em>a</em>), <em>s</em> = sin(<em>a</em>), and using the following.</p>
				338
				339	<p class="crtsnip">
				340	-affine <em>c</em>,<em>s</em>,-<em>s</em>,<em>c</em>
				341	</p>
				342
				343	<p>The cumulative effect of a sequence of <a href="#affine" >-affine</a> transformations can be accomplished by instead by a single <a href="#affine" >-affine</a> operation using the matrix equal to the product of the matrices of the individual transformations.</p>
				344
				345	<p>An attempt is made to detect near-singular transformation matrices. If the matrix determinant has a sufficiently small absolute value it is rejected.</p>
				346
				347	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	348	<h4><a id="alpha"></a>-alpha <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	349	</div>
				350
				351	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Gives control of the alpha/matte channel of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				352
				353	<p>Used to set a flag on an image indicating whether or not to use existing alpha
				354	channel data, to create an alpha channel, or to perform other operations on the alpha channel. Choose the argument <em class="arg">type</em> from the list below.</p>
				355
				356
				357	<table class="doc">
				358	<tbody>
				359	<tr valign="top">
				360	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">type</th>
				361	<th align="left">Description</th>
				362	</tr>
				363
				364	<tr valign="top">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	365	<td valign="top"><kbd>Activate</kbd> or <kbd>On</kbd></td>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	366	<td valign="top">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	367	Enable the image's transparency channel. Note normally <kbd>Set</kbd>
				368	should be used instead of this, unless you specifically need to
				369	preserve existing (but specifically turned <kbd>Off</kbd>) transparency
				370	channel. </td></tr>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	371
				372	<tr valign="top">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	373	<td valign="top"><kbd>Deactivate</kbd> or <kbd>Off</kbd></td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	374	<td valign="top">
				375	Disables the image's transparency channel. Does not delete or change the
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	376	existing data, just turns off the use of that data.</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	377
				378	<tr valign="top">
				379	<td valign="top"><kbd>Set</kbd></td>
				380	<td valign="top">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	381	Activates the alpha/matte channel. If it was previously turned off
				382	then it also resets the channel to opaque. If the image already had
				383	the alpha channel turned on, it will have no effect.</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	384
				385	<tr valign="top">
				386	<td valign="top"><kbd>Opaque</kbd></td>
				387	<td valign="top">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	388	Enables the alpha/matte channel and forces it to be fully opaque.
				389	</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	390
				391	<tr valign="top">
				392	<td valign="top"><kbd>Transparent</kbd></td>
				393	<td valign="top">
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	394	Activates the alpha/matte channel and forces it to be fully
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	395	transparent. This effectively creates a fully transparent image the
				396	same size as the original and with all its original RGB data still
				397	intact, but fully transparent. </td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	398
				399	<tr valign="top">
				400	<td valign="top"><kbd>Extract</kbd></td>
				401	<td valign="top">
				402	Copies the alpha channel values into all the color channels and turns
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	403	'<kbd>Off</kbd>' the the image's transparency, so as to generate
				404	a gray-scale mask of the image's shape. The alpha channel data is left
				405	intact just deactivated. This is the inverse of '<kbd>Copy</kbd>'.
				406	</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	407
				408	<tr valign="top">
				409	<td valign="top"><kbd>Copy</kbd></td>
				410	<td valign="top">
				411	Turns '<kbd>On</kbd>' the alpha/matte channel, then copies the
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	412	gray-scale intensity of the image, into the alpha channel, converting
				413	a gray-scale mask into a transparent shaped mask ready to be colored
				414	appropriately. The color channels are not modified. </td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	415
				416	<tr valign="top">
				417	<td valign="top"><kbd>Shape</kbd></td>
				418	<td valign="top">
				419	As per '<kbd>Copy</kbd>' but also colors the resulting shape mask with
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	420	the current background color. That is the RGB color channels is
				421	replaced, with appropriate alpha shape.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	422	</td></tr>
				423
				424	<tr valign="top">
				425	<td valign="top"><kbd>Background</kbd></td>
				426	<td valign="top">
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	427	Set any fully-transparent pixel to the background color, while leaving
				428	it fully-transparent. This can make some image file formats, such as
				429	PNG, smaller as the RGB values of transparent pixels are more uniform,
				430	and thus can compress better.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	431	</td></tr>
				432	</tbody>
				433	</table>
				434
				435	<p>Note that while the <a href="#matte" >+matte</a> operation is the same as
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	436	"<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> Off</kbd>", the <a href="#matte"
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	437	>-matte</a> operation is the same as "<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a>
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	438	Set</kbd>" and not "<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> On</kbd>". </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	439
				440
				441	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	442	<h4><a id="annotate"></a>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	443	-annotate <em class="arg">degrees</em> <em class="arg">text</em><br />
				444	-annotate <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em>x<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> <em class="arg">text</em><br />
				445	-annotate <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em>x<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> {+-}<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>{+-}<em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> <em class="arg">text</em></h4>
				446	</div>
				447
				448	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Annotate an image with text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				449
				450	<p>This is a convenience for annotating an image with text. For more precise control over text annotations, use <a href="#draw">-draw</a>.</p>
				451
				452
				453	<p>The values <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em> and <em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> control the shears with respect to the , respectively, applied to the text, while <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> are offsets that give the location of the text relative to the upper left corner of the image.</p>
				454
				455	<p>Using <a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> <em class="arg">degrees</em> or <a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> <em class="arg">degrees</em>x<em class="arg">degrees</em> produces an unsheared rotation of the text. The direction of the rotation is positive, which means a clockwise rotation if <em class="arg">degrees</em> is positive. (This conforms to the usual mathematical convention once it is realized that the positive <em>y</em>–direction is conventionally considered to be <em>downward</em> for images.)</p>
				456
				457	<p>The new (transformed) coordinates (<em class="arg">x'</em>, <em class="arg">y'</em>) of a pixel at position (<em class="arg">x</em>, <em class="arg">y</em>) in the image are calculated using the following matrix equation.</p>
				458	<div class="eqn"><img alt="annotate transformation" src="../images/annotate.png"/></div>
				459
				460	<p>If <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> are omitted, they default to 0. This makes the bottom-left of the text becomes the upper-left corner of the image, which is probably undesirable. Adding a <a href="#gravity" >-gravity</a> option in this case leads to nice results.</p>
				461
				462	<p>Text is any UTF-8 encoded character sequence. If <em class="arg">text</em> is of the form '@mytext.txt', the text is read from the file <kbd>mytext.txt</kbd>. Text in a file is taken literally; no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
				463
				464	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	465	<h4><a id="antialias"></a>-antialias</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	466	</div>
				467
				468	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Enable/Disable of the rendering of anti-aliasing pixels when
				469	drawing fonts and lines.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				470
				471	<p>By default, objects (e.g. text, lines, polygons, etc.) are antialiased when
				472	drawn. Use <a href="#antialias">+antialias</a> to disable the addition of
				473	antialiasing edge pixels. This will then reduce the number of colors added to
				474	an image to just the colors being directly drawn. That is, no mixed colors
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	475	are added when drawing such objects. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	476
				477	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	478	<h4><a id="append"></a>-append</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	479	</div>
				480
				481	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Join current images vertically or horizontally.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				482
				483	<p>This option creates a single longer image image, by joining all the current
				484	images in sequence top-to-bottom. Use <a href="#append">+append</a> to
				485	stack images left-to-right. </p>
				486
				487	<p>If they are not of the same width, narrower images are padded with the
				488	current <a href="#background">-background</a> color setting, and their
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	489	position relative to each other can be controlled by the current <a
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	490	href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting. </p>
				491
				492
				493	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	494	<h4><a id="attenuate"></a>-attenuate <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	495	</div>
				496
				497	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Lessen (or intensify) when adding noise to an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				498
				499
				500	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	501	<h4><a id="authenticate"></a>-authenticate <em class="arg">password</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	502	</div>
				503
				504	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Decrypt a PDF with a password.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				505
				506	<p>Use this option to supply a <em class="arg">password</em> for decrypting a PDF that has been encrypted using Microsoft Crypto API (MSC API). The encrypting using the MSC API is not supported.</p>
				507
				508	<p>For a different encryption method, see <a href="#encipher">-encipher</a> and <a href="#decipher">-decipher</a>. </p>
				509
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	510
				511
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	512	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	513	<h4><a id="auto-gamma"></a>-auto-gamma</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	514	</div>
				515
				516	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Automagically adjust gamma level of image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				517
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	518	<p>This calculates the mean values of an image, then applies a calculated <a
				519	href="#gamma" >-gamma</a> adjustment so that is the mean color exists in the
				520	image it will get a have a value of 50%. </p>
				521
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	522	<p>This means that any solid 'gray' image becomes 50% gray. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	523
				524	<p>This works well for real-life images with little or no extreme dark and
				525	light areas, but tend to fail for images with large amounts of bright sky or
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	526	dark shadows. It also does not work well for diagrams or cartoon like images.
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	527	</p>
				528
				529	<p>It uses the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting, (including the
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	530	'<em>sync</em>' flag for channel syncronization), to determine which color
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	531	values is used and modified. As the default <a href="#channel"
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	532	>-channel</a> setting is '<em>RGB,sync</em>', channels are modified
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	533	together by the same gamma value, preserving colors. </p>
				534
				535
				536
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	537	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	538	<h4><a id="auto-level"></a>-auto-level</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	539	</div>
				540
				541	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Automagically adjust color levels of image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				542
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	543	<p>This is a 'perfect' image normalization operator. It finds the exact
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	544	minimum and maximum color values in the image and then applies a <a
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	545	href="#level" >-level</a> operator to stretch the values to the full range of
				546	values. </p>
				547
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	548	<p>The operator is not typically used for real-life images, image scans, or
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	549	JPEG format images, as a single 'out-rider' pixel can set a bad min/max values
				550	for the <a href="#level" >-level</a> operation. On the other hand it is the
				551	right operator to use for color stretching gradient images being used to
				552	generate Color lookup tables, distortion maps, or other 'mathematically'
				553	defined images. </p>
				554
				555	<p>The operator is very similar to the <a href="#normalize">-normalize</a>, <a
				556	href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a>, and <a href="#linear-stretch"
				557	>-linear-stretch</a> operators, but without 'histogram binning' or 'clipping'
				558	problems that these operators may have. That is <a href="#auto-level"
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	559	>-auto-level</a> is the perfect or ideal version these operators. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	560
				561	<p>It uses the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting, (including the
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	562	special '<em>sync</em>' flag for channel syncronization), to determine
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	563	which color values are used and modified. As the default <a
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	564	href="#channel" >+channel</a> setting is '<em>RGB,sync</em>', the
				565	'<em>sync</em>' ensures that the color channels will are modified
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	566	together by the same gamma value, preserving colors, and ignoring
				567	transparency. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	568
				569
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	570	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	571	<h4><a id="auto-orient"></a>-auto-orient</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	572	</div>
				573
				574	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Automagically orient (rotate) an image created by a digital camera.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				575
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	576	<p>This operator reads and resets the EXIF image profile setting 'Orientation'
				577	and then performs the appropriate 90 degree rotation on the image to orient
				578	the image, for correct viewing. </p>
				579
				580	<p>This EXIF profile setting is usually set using a gravity sensor in digital
				581	camara, however photos taken directly downward or upward may not have an
				582	appropriate value. Also images that have been orientation 'corrected' without
				583	reseting this setting, may be 'corrected' again resulting in a incorrect
				584	result. If the he EXIF profile was previously stripped, the <a
				585	href="#auto-orient" >-auto-orient</a> operator will do nothing. </p>
				586
				587
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	588	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	589	<h4><a id="average"></a>-average</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	590	</div>
				591
				592	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Average a set of images.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				593
				594	<p>An error results if the images are not identically sized.</p>
				595
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	596
				597	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	598	<h4><a id="backdrop"></a>-backdrop</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	599	</div>
				600
				601	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Display the image centered on a backdrop.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				602
				603	<p>This backdrop covers the entire workstation screen and is useful for hiding other X window activity while viewing the image. The color of the backdrop is specified as the background color. The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				604
				605	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	606	<h4><a id="background"></a>-background <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	607	</div>
				608
				609	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the background color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				610
				611	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option. The default background color (if none is specified or found in the image) is white.</p>
				612
				613	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	614	<h4><a id="bench"></a>-bench <em class="arg">iterations</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	615	</div>
				616
				617	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Measure performance.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				618
cristy	e637813	2009-10-26 20:05:17 +0000	[diff] [blame]	619	<p>Repeat the entire command for the given number of <em class="arg">iterations</em> and report the user-time and elapsed time. For instance, consider the following command and its output. Modify the benchmark with the -duration to run the benchmark for a fixed number of seconds and -concurrent to run the benchmark in parallel (requires the OpenMP feature).</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	620
cristy	e637813	2009-10-26 20:05:17 +0000	[diff] [blame]	621	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -resize 1000% -bench 5 logo.png</span><span class='crtout'>Performance: 5i 0.875657ips 6.880u 0:05.710</span></p>
				622	<p>In this example, 5 iterations were completed at 0.875657 iterations per second, using 6.88 seconds of the user's allotted time, for a total elapsed time of 5.71 seconds.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	623
				624	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	625	<h4><a id="bias"></a>-bias <em class="arg">value</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	626	</div>
				627
				628	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Add bias when convolving an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				629
				630	<p>This option shifts the output of <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#convolve">‑convolve</a> so that positive and negative results are relative to the specified bias value. </p>
				631
				632	<p>This is important for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick when dealing with convolutions that contain negative as well as positive values. This is especially the case with convolutions involving high pass filters or edge detection. Without an output bias, the negative values are clipped at zero.</p>
				633
				634	<p>When using an ImageMagick with the HDRI compile-time setting, <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> is not needed, as ImageMagick is able to store/handle any
				635	negative results without clipping to the color value range
				636	(0..QuantumRange).</p>
				637
				638	<p>See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page
cristy	4777498	2011-02-15 15:17:19 +0000	[diff] [blame]	639	<a href="../www/high-dynamic-range.html">High Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri">Usage</a> pages or this <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a> entry.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	640	</p>
				641
				642	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	37e0dfd	2011-03-06 16:35:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	643	<h4><a id="black-point-compensation"></a>-black-point-compensation</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	644	</div>
				645
				646	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Use black point compensation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				647
				648	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	649	<h4><a id="black-threshold"></a>-black-threshold <em class="arg">value</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	650	</div>
				651
cristy	5cadd61	2009-09-21 19:33:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	652	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Force to black all pixels below the threshold while leaving all pixels at or above the threshold unchanged.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				653
				654	<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer value within [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>] corresponding to the desired <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a> value. See <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a> for more details on thresholds and resulting values.
				655	</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	656
				657
				658	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	659	<h4><a id="blend"></a>-blend <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	660	</div>
				661
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	662	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>blend an image into another by the given absolute value or percent.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	663
				664	<p>Blend will average the images together ('plus') according to the
				665	percentages given and each pixels transparency. If only a single percentage
				666	value is given it sets the weight of the composite or 'source' image, while
				667	the background image is weighted by the exact opposite amount. That is a
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	668	<kbd>-blend 30%</kbd> merges 30% of the 'source' image with 70% of the
				669	'destination' image. Thus it is equivalent to <kbd>-blend 30x70%</kbd>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	670
				671
				672	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	673	<h4><a id="blue-primary"></a>-blue-primary <em class="arg">x</em>,<em class="arg">y</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	674	</div>
				675
				676	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the blue chromaticity primary point.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				677
				678	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	679	<h4><a id="blue-shift"></a>-blue-shift <em class="arg">factor</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	680	</div>
				681
				682	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate a scene at nighttime in the moonlight. Start with a factor of 1.5</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				683
				684	<div style="margin: auto;">
				685
				686	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	687	<h4><a id="blur"></a>-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	688	</div>
				689
				690	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Reduce image noise and reduce detail levels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				691
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	692	<p>Convolve the image with a Gaussian or normal distribution using the given
				693	<em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value. The formula is:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	694
				695	<div class="eqn"><img alt="gaussian distribution" width="243px" height="42px" src="../images/gaussian-blur.png"/>
				696	</div>
				697
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	698	<p>The <em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value is the important argument, and
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	699	determines the actual amount of blurring that will take place. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	700
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	701	<p>The <em class="arg" >Radius</em> is only used to determine the size of the
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	702	array which will hold the calculated Gaussian distribution. It should be an
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	703	integer. If not given, or set to zero, IM will calculate the largest possible
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	704	radius that will provide meaningful results for the Gaussian distribution.
				705	</p>
				706
				707	<p>The larger the <em class="arg" >Radius</em> the radius the slower the
				708	operation is. However too small a <em class="arg" >Radius</em>, and sever
				709	aliasing effects may result. As a guideline, <em class="arg" >Radius</em>
				710	should be at least twice the <em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value, though three
				711	times will produce a more accurite result. </p>
				712
				713	<p>This option differs from <a href="#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a> simply
				714	by taking advantage of the separability properties of the distribution. Here
				715	we apply a single-dimensional Gaussian matrix in the horizontal direction,
				716	then repeat the process in the vertical direction.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	717
				718	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				719	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				720	</p>
				721
				722
				723	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	724	<h4>-blur <em class="arg">Width</em>[x<em class="arg">Height</em>[+<em class="arg">Angle</em>]]</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	725	</div>
				726
				727	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Variably blur and image according to the overlay mapping.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				728
				729	<p>Each pixel in the overlaid region is replaced with an Elliptical Weighted
				730	Average (EWA) of the source image, scaled according to the grayscale
				731	mapping. </p>
				732
				733	<p>The ellipse is weighted with sigma set to the given <em class="arg"
				734	>Width</em> and <em class="arg" >Height</em>. The <em class="arg" >Height</em>
				735	defaults to the <em class="arg" >Width</em> for a normal circular Guassian
				736	weighting. The <em class="arg" >Angle</em> will rotate the ellipse from
				737	horizontal clock-wise. </p>
				738
				739	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				740	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				741	</p>
				742
				743
				744	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	745	<h4><a id="border"></a>-border <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	746	</div>
				747
				748	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Surround the image with a border of color. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				749
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	750	<p>Set the width and height using the <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the
				751	<em class="arg">gravity</em> argument. See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets are
				752	ignored. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	753
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	754	<p>Set the border color by preceding with the <a
				755	href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	756
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	757	<p>The <a href="#border">-border</a> operation is affected by the current <a
				758	href="#compose">-compose</a> setting and assumes that this is using the default
				759	'<kbd>Over</kbd>' composition method. It generates a image of the appropriate
				760	size colors by the current <a href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> before
				761	overlaying the original image in the center of this net image. This means that
				762	with the default compose method of '<kbd>Over</kbd>' any transparent parts may
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	763	be replaced by the current <a href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	764	<p>See also the <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option, which has more
				765	functionality.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	766
				767	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	768	<h4><a id="bordercolor"></a>-bordercolor <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	769	</div>
				770
				771	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the border color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				772
				773	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				774
				775	<p>The default border color is <kbd>#DFDFDF</kbd>, <span style="background-color: #dfdfdf;">this shade of gray</span>.</p>
				776
				777	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	778	<h4><a id="borderwidth"></a>-borderwidth <em class="arg">geometry</em> </h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	779	</div>
				780
				781	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the border width.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				782
				783	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	784	<h4><a id="brightness-contrast"></a>-brightness-contrast <em class="arg">brightness</em><br />-brightness-contrast <em class="arg">brightness</em>{x<em class="arg">contrast</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}}</h4>
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	785	</div>
				786
				787	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adjust the brightness and/or contrast of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				788
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	789	<p>Brightness and Contrast values apply changes to the input image. They are
				790	not absolute settings. A brightness or contrast value of zero means no change.
				791	The range of values is -100 to +100 on each. Positive values increase the
				792	brightness or contrast and negative values decrease the brightness or contrast.
				793	To control only contrast, set the brightness=0. To control only brightness,
				794	set contrast=0 or just leave it off.</p>
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	795
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	796	<p>You may also use <a href="#fill">-channel</a> to control which channels to
				797	apply the brightness and/or contrast change. The default is to apply the same
				798	transformation to all channels.</p>
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	799
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	800	<p>Brightness and Contrast arguments are converted to offset and slope of a
				801	linear transform and applied
				802	using <a href="#fill">-function polynomial "slope,offset"</a>.</p>
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	803
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	804	<p>The slope varies from 0 at contrast=-100 to almost vertical at
				805	contrast=+100. For brightness=0 and contrast=-100, the result are totally
				806	midgray. For brightness=0 and contrast=+100, the result will approach but
				807	not quite reach a threshold at midgray; that is the linear transformation
				808	is a very steep vertical line at mid gray.</p>
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	809
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	810	<p>Negative slopes, i.e. negating the image, are not possible with this
				811	function. All achievable slopes are zero or positive.</p>
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	812
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	813	<p>The offset varies from -0.5 at brightness=-100 to 0 at brightness=0 to +0.5
				814	at brightness=+100. Thus, when contrast=0 and brightness=100, the result is
				815	totally white. Similarly, when contrast=0 and brightness=-100, the result is
				816	totally black.</p>
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	817
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	818	<p>As the range of values for the arguments are -100 to +100, adding the '%'
				819	symbol is no different than leaving it off.</p>
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	820
				821	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	822	<h4><a id="cache"></a>-cache <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	823	</div>
				824
				825	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>(This option has been replaced by the <a href='#limit'>-limit</a> option.)</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				826
				827	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	828	<h4><a id="caption"></a>-caption <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	829	</div>
				830
				831	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Assign a caption to an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				832
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	833	<p>This option sets the caption meta-data of an image read in after this
				834	option has been given. To modify a caption of images already in memory use
				835	"<kbd><a href="#set">-set</a> caption</kbd>". </p>
				836
				837	<p>The caption can contain special format characters listed in the <a
				838	href="../www/escape.html">Format and
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	839	Print Image Properties</a>. These attributes are expanded when the caption
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	840	is finally assigned to the individual images. </p>
				841
				842	<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">string</em> is <em
				843	class="arg">@</em>, the image caption is read from a file titled by the
				844	remaining characters in the string. Comments read in from a file are literal;
				845	no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
				846
				847	<p>Caption meta-data ais not visible on the image itself. To do that use the
				848	<a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> or <a href="#draw">-draw</a> options
				849	instead.</p>
				850
				851	<p>For example,</p>
				852
				853	<p class="crtsnip">
				854	-caption "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff
				855	</p>
				856
				857	<p>produces an image caption of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> (assuming
				858	that the image <kbd>bird.miff</kbd> has a width of 512 and a height of
				859	480.</p>
				860
				861
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	862	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	863	<h4><a id="cdl"></a>-cdl <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	864	</div>
				865
				866	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>color correct with a color decision list.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				867
				868	<p>Here is an example color correction collection:</p>
				869
				870	<pre class="text">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	871	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
				872	<ColorCorrectionCollection xmlns="urn:ASC:CDL:v1.2">
				873	<ColorCorrection id="cc06668">
				874	<SOPNode>
				875	<Slope> 0.9 1.2 0.5 </Slope>
				876	<Offset> 0.4 -0.5 0.6 </Offset>
				877	<Power> 1.0 0.8 1.5 </Power>
				878	</SOPNode>
				879	<SATNode>
				880	<Saturation> 0.85 </Saturation>
				881	</SATNode>
				882	</ColorCorrection>
				883	</ColorCorrectionCollection>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	884	</pre>
				885
				886	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	887	<h4><a id="channel"></a>-channel <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	888	</div>
				889
				890	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify those image color channels to which subsequent operators are limited.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				891
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	892	<p>Choose from: <kbd>Red</kbd>, <kbd>Green</kbd>, <kbd>Blue</kbd>,
				893	<kbd>Alpha</kbd>, <kbd>Cyan</kbd>, <kbd>Magenta</kbd>, <kbd>Yellow</kbd>,
				894	<kbd>Black</kbd>, <kbd>Opacity</kbd>, <kbd>Index</kbd>, <kbd>RGB</kbd>,
				895	<kbd>RGBA</kbd>, <kbd>CMYK</kbd>, or <kbd>CMYKA</kbd>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	896
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	897	<p>The channels above can also be specified as a comma-separated list or can be
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	898	abbreviated as a concatenation of the letters '<kbd>R</kbd>', '<kbd>G</kbd>',
				899	'<kbd>B</kbd>', '<kbd>A</kbd>', '<kbd>O</kbd>', '<kbd>C</kbd>',
				900	'<kbd>M</kbd>', '<kbd>Y</kbd>', '<kbd>K</kbd>'.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	901
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	902	For example, to only select the <kbd>Red</kbd> and <kbd>Blue</kbd> channels
				903	you can either use </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	904	<p class="crtsnip">
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	905	-channel Red,Blue
				906	</p>
				907	<p>or you can use the short hand form</p>
				908	<p class="crtsnip">
				909	-channel RB
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	910	</p>
				911
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	912	<p>All the channels that is present in an image can be specified using the
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	913	special channel type <kbd>All</kbd>. Not all operators are 'channel capable',
				914	but generally any operators that are generally 'grey-scale' image operators,
				915	will understand this setting. See individual operator documentation. </p>
				916
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	917	<br />
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	918
				919	<p>On top of the normal channel selection a extra flag can be specified,
				920	'<kbd>Sync</kbd>'. This is turned on by default and if set means that
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	921	operators that understand this flag should perform: cross-channel
				922	syncronization of the channels. If not specified, then most grey-scale
				923	operators will apply their image processing operations to each individual
				924	channel (as specified by the rest of the <a href="#channel">-channel</a>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	925	setting) completely independently from each other. </p>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	926
				927	<p>For example for operators such as <a href="#auto-level">-auto-level</a> and
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	928	<a href="#auto-gamma">-auto-gamma</a> the color channels are modified
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	929	together in exactly the same way so that colors will remain in-sync. Without
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	930	it being set, then each channel is modified separately and
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	931	independently, which may produce color distortion. </p>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	932
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	933	<p>The <a href="#morphology">-morphology</a> '<kbd>Convolve</kbd>' method
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	934	and the <a href="#compose">-compose</a> mathematical methods, also understands
				935	the '<kbd>Sync</kbd>' flag to modify the behaviour of pixel colors according
				936	to the alpha channel (if present). That is to say it will modify the image
				937	processing with the understanding that fully-transparent colors should not
				938	contribute to the final result. </p>
				939
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	940	<p>Basically, by default, operators work with color channels in syncronous, and
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	941	treats transparency as special, unless the <a href="#channel">-channel</a>
				942	setting is modified so as to remove the effect of the '<kbd>Sync</kbd>' flag.
				943	How each operator does this depends on that operators current implementation.
				944	Not all operators understands this flag at this time, but that is changing.
				945	</p>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	946
				947	<p>To print a complete list of channel types, use <a href="#list">-list
				948	channel</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	949
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	950	<br />
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	951
				952	<p>By default, ImageMagick sets <a href="#channel">-channel</a> to the value
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	953	'<kbd>RGBK,sync</kbd>', which specifies that operators act on all color
				954	channels except the transparency channel, and that all the color channels are
				955	to be modified in exactly the same way, with a understanding of transprancy
				956	(depending on the operation being applied). The 'plus' form <a
				957	href="#channel" >+channel</a> will reset the value back to this default. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	958
				959	<p>Options that are affected by the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting
				960	include the following.
				961
				962	<a href="#auto-gamma">-auto-gamma</a>,
				963	<a href="#auto-level">-auto-level</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	964	<a href="#black-threshold">-black-threshold</a>,
				965	<a href="#blur">-blur</a>,
cristy	b4c03bb	2009-09-27 13:55:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	966	<a href="#clamp">-clamp</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	967	<a href="#clut">-clut</a>,
				968	<a href="#combine">-combine</a>,
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	969	<a href="#composite">-composite</a> (Mathematical compose methods only),
				970	<a href="#convolve">-convolve</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	971	<a href="#contrast-stretch">-contrast-stretch</a>,
				972	<a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a>,
				973	<a href="#function">-function</a>,
				974	<a href="#fx">-fx</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	975	<a href="#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a>,
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	976	<a href="#hald-clut">-hald-clut</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	977	<a href="#motion-blur">-motion-blur</a>,
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	978	<a href="#morphology">-morphology</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	979	<a href="#negate">-negate</a>,
				980	<a href="#normalize">-normalize</a>,
				981	<a href="#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a>,
				982	<a href="#radial-blur">-radial-blur</a>,
				983	<a href="#random-threshold">-random-threshold</a>,
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	984	<a href="#separate">-separate</a>,
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	985	<a href="#threshold">-threshold</a>, and
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	986	<a href="#white-threshold">-white-threshold</a>.
				987	</p>
				988
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	989	<p>Warning, some operators behave differently when the <a href="#channel"
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	990	>+channel</a> default setting is in effect, verses ANY user defined <a
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	991	href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting (including the equivalent of the
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	992	default). These operators have yet to be made to understand the newer 'Sync'
				993	flag. </p>
				994
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	995	<p>For example <a href="#threshold">-threshold</a> will by default gray-scale
				996	the image before thresholding, if no <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting
				997	has been defined. This is not 'Sync flag controlled, yet. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	998
				999	<p>Also some operators such as <a href="#blur">-blur</a>, <a
				1000	href="#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a>, will modify their handling of the
				1001	color channels if the '<kbd>alpha</kbd>' channel is also enabled by <a
				1002	href="#channel" >-channel</a>. Generally this done to ensure that
				1003	fully-transparent colors are treated as being fully-transparent, and thus any
				1004	underlying 'hidden' color has no effect on the final results. Typically
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1005	resulting in 'halo' effects. The newer <a href="#morphology">-morphology</a>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1006	convolution equivalents however does have a understanding of the 'Sync' flag
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1007	and will thus handle transparency correctly by default. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1008
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1009	<p>As a alpha channel is optional within images, some operators will read the
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1010	color channels of an image as a greyscale alpha mask, when the image has no
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1011	alpha channel present, and the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting tells
				1012	the operator to apply the operation using alpha channels. The <a
				1013	href="#clut">-clut</a> operator is a good example of this. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1014
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1015
				1016	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1017	<h4><a id="clamp"></a>-clamp</h4>
cristy	b4c03bb	2009-09-27 13:55:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1018	</div>
				1019
				1020	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Restrict image colors from 0 to the quantum depth.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1021
				1022	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1023	<h4><a id="charcoal"></a>-charcoal <em class="arg">factor</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1024	</div>
				1025
				1026	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Simulate a charcoal drawing.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1027
				1028	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1029	<h4><a id="chop"></a>-chop <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1030	</div>
				1031
				1032	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Remove pixels from the interior of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1033
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1034	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <em class="arg">width</em>
				1035	and <em class="arg">height</em> given in the of the <em class="arg">size</em>
				1036	portion of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument give the number of
				1037	columns and rows to remove. The <em class="arg">offset</em> portion of
				1038	the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument is influenced by
				1039	a <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting, if present.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1040
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1041	<p>The <a href="#chop">-chop</a> option removes entire rows and columns,
				1042	and moves the remaining corner blocks leftward and upward to close the gaps.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1043
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1044	<p>While it can remove internal rows and columns of pixels, it is more typically
				1045	used with as <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting and a '<kbd>+0+0</kbd>' offset
				1046	so as to remove a single edge from an image. Compare this to <a href="#shave"
				1047	>-shave</a> whcih removes equal numbers of pixels from oppisite sides of the image.
				1048	</p>
				1049
				1050	<p>Using <a href="#chop">-chop</a> will effectivally undo the results of a
				1051	<a href="#splice">-splice</a> that was given the same <em class="arg">geometry</em>
				1052	and <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> settings. </p>
				1053
				1054
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1055	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1056	<h4><a id="clip"></a>-clip</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1057	</div>
				1058
				1059	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply the clipping path if one is present.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1060
				1061	<p>If a clipping path is present, it is applied to subsequent operations.</p>
				1062
				1063	<p>For example, in the command</p>
				1064
				1065	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -clip -negate cockatoo.tif negated.tif</span></p>
				1066	<p>only the pixels within the clipping path are negated.</p>
				1067
				1068	<p>The <a href="#clip">-clip</a> feature requires the XML library. If the XML library is not present, the option is ignored.</p>
				1069
				1070	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1071	<h4><a id="clip-mask"></a>-clip-mask</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1072	</div>
				1073
				1074	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Clip the image as defined by this mask.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1075
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1076	<p>Use the given image as a 'do-not-modify' mask of the current images in the
				1077	current image sequence. Assuming the clipmask is a greyscale image the same
				1078	size at the one already in memory, any areas that is white will not be
				1079	modified by any of the 'image processing operators' that follow, until the
				1080	mask is removed. Pixels in the black areas of the clip mask will be modified
				1081	as normal. </p>
				1082
				1083	<p>In some ways this is similar to (though not the same) as defining
				1084	a rectangular <a href="#region" >-region</a>, or using the negative of the
				1085	mask (thrid) image in a three image <a href="#composite" >-composite</a>,
				1086	operation. </p>
				1087
				1088
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1089	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1090	<h4><a id="clip-path"></a>-clip-path <em class="arg">id</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1091	</div>
				1092
				1093	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Clip along a named path from the 8BImageMagick profile.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1094
cristy	d241f44	2011-03-29 13:50:49 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1095	<p>This is almost identical to <a href="#clip">-clip</a>. </p>
cristy	3009279	2011-02-22 02:06:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1096
				1097
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1098	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1099	<h4><a id="clone"></a>-clone <em class="arg">index(s)</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1100	</div>
				1101
cristy	8b9dd95	2011-03-21 22:56:18 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1102	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>make a clone of an image (or images).</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1103
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1104	<p>Inside parenthesis (where the operator is normally used) it will make a
				1105	clone of the images from the last 'pushed' image sequence, and adds them to
				1106	the end of the current image sequence. Outside parenthesis
				1107	(not recommended) it clones the images from the current image sequence. </p>
				1108
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1109	<p>Specify the image by its index in the sequence. The first image is index
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1110	0. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the sequence; for
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1111	example, <kbd>−1</kbd>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1112	represents the last image of the sequence. Specify a range of images with a
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1113	dash (e.g. <kbd>0−4</kbd>). Separate multiple indexes with commas but no
				1114	spaces (e.g. <kbd>0,2,5</kbd>). A value of '<kbd>0−−1</kbd> will
cristy	8b9dd95	2011-03-21 22:56:18 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1115	effectively clone all the images. </p>
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1116
				1117	<p>The <a href="#clone">+clone</a> will simply make a copy of the last image
				1118	in the image sequence, and is thus equivelent to using a argument of
				1119	'<kbd>−1</kbd>'. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1120
				1121	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1122	<h4><a id="clut"></a>-clut</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1123	</div>
				1124
				1125	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Replace the channel values in the first image using each
				1126	corresponding channel in the second image as a <b>c</b>olor
				1127	<b>l</b>ook<b>u</b>p <b>t</b>able.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1128
				1129	<p>The second (LUT) image is ordinarily a gradient image containing the
				1130	histogram mapping of how each channel should be modified. Typically it is a
				1131	either a single row or column image of replacement color values. If larger
				1132	than a single row or column, values are taken from a diagonal line from
				1133	top-left to bottom-right corners.</p>
				1134
				1135	<p>The lookup is further controlled by the <a
				1136	href="#interpolate">-interpolate</a> setting, which is especially handy for an
				1137	LUT which is not the full length needed by the ImageMagick installed Quality
				1138	(Q) level. Good settings for this are the '<kbd>bilinear</kbd>' and
				1139	'<kbd>bicubic</kbd>' interpolation settings, which give smooth color
				1140	gradients, and the '<kbd>integer</kbd>' setting for a direct, unsmoothed
				1141	lookup of color values. </p>
				1142
				1143	<p>This operator is especially suited to replacing a grayscale image with a
				1144	specific color gradient from the CLUT image. </p>
				1145
				1146	<p>Only the channel values defined by the <a href="#channel">-channel</a>
				1147	setting will have their values replaced. In particular, since the default <a
				1148	href="#channel">-channel</a> setting is <kbd>RGB</kbd>, this means that
				1149	transparency (alpha/matte channel) is not affected, unless the <a
				1150	href="#channel">-channel</a> setting is modified. When the alpha channel is
				1151	set, it is treated by the <a href="#clut" >-clut</a> operator in the same way
				1152	as the other channels, implying that alpha/matte values are replaced using the
				1153	alpha/matte values of the original image. </p>
				1154
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1155	<p>If either the image being modified, or the lookup image, contains no
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1156	transparency (i.e. <a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> is turned 'off') but the <a
				1157	href="#channel">-channel</a> setting includes alpha replacement, then it is
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1158	assumed that image represents a gray-scale gradient which is used for the
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1159	replacement alpha values. That is you can use a gray-scale CLUT image to
				1160	adjust a existing images alpha channel, or you can color a gray-scale image
				1161	using colors form CLUT containing the desired colors, including transparency.
				1162	</p>
				1163
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1164	<p>See also <a href="#hald-clut" >-hald-clut</a> which replaces colors
				1165	according to the lookup of the full color RGB value from a 2D representation
				1166	of a 3D color cube. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1167
				1168
				1169	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1170	<h4><a id="coalesce"></a>-coalesce</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1171	</div>
				1172
				1173	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Fully define the look of each frame of an GIF animation sequence, to form a 'film strip' animation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1174
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1175	<p>Overlay each image in an image sequence according to
				1176	its <a href="#dispose">-dispose</a> meta-data, to reproduce the look of
				1177	an animation at each point in the animation sequence. All images should be
				1178	the same size, and are assigned appropriate GIF disposal settings for the
				1179	animation to continue working as expected as a GIF animation. Such frames
				1180	are more easily viewed and processed than the highly optimized GIF overlay
				1181	images. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1182
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1183	<p>The animation can be re-optimized after processing using
				1184	the <a href="#layers">-layers</a> method '<kbd>optimize</kbd>', although
				1185	there is no guarantee that the restored GIF animation optimization is
				1186	better than the original. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1187
				1188
				1189	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1190	<h4><a id="colorize"></a>-colorize <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1191	</div>
				1192
				1193	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Colorize the image by an amount specified by <em class="arg">value</em> using the color specified by the most recent <a href="#fill" >-fill</a> setting.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1194
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1195	<p>Specify the amount of colorization as a percentage. Separate colorization
				1196	values can be applied to the red, green, and blue channels of the image with
				1197	a comma-delimited list of colorization
				1198	values (e.g., <kbd>-colorize 0,0,50</kbd>).</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1199
				1200	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1201	<h4><a id="colormap"></a>-colormap <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1202	</div>
				1203
				1204	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Define the colormap type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				1205
				1206	<p>The <em class="arg">type</em> can be <kbd>shared</kbd> or <kbd>private</kbd>.</p>
				1207
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1208	<p>This option only applies when the default X server visual
				1209	is <kbd>PseudoColor</kbd> or <kbd>GrayScale</kbd>. Refer
				1210	to <a href="#visual">-visual</a> for more details. By default,
				1211	a shared colormap is allocated. The image shares colors with
				1212	other X clients. Some image colors could be approximated,
				1213	therefore your image may look very different than intended.
				1214	If <kbd>private</kbd> is chosen, the image colors appear exactly
				1215	as they are defined. However, other clients may go <em>technicolor</em>
				1216	when the image colormap is installed.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1217
				1218	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1219	<h4><a id="colors"></a>-colors <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1220	</div>
				1221
				1222	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the preferred number of colors in the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1223
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1224	<p>The actual number of colors in the image may be less than your request,
				1225	but never more. Note that this a color reduction option. Images with fewer
				1226	unique colors than specified by <em class="arg">value</em> will have any
				1227	duplicate or unused colors removed. The ordering of an existing color
				1228	palette may be altered. When converting an image from color to grayscale,
				1229	it is more efficient to convert the image to the gray colorspace before
				1230	reducing the number of colors. Refer to
				1231	the <a href="../www/quantize.html">
				1232	color reduction algorithm</a> for more details.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1233
				1234	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1235	<h4><a id="color-matrix"></a>-color-matrix <em class="arg">matrix</em></h4>
cristy	2c83960	2010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1236	</div>
				1237
				1238	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply color correction to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1239
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1240	<p>This option permits saturation changes, hue rotation, luminance to alpha,
				1241	and various other effects. Although variable-sized transformation matrices
				1242	can be used, typically one uses a 5x5 matrix for an RGBA image and a 6x6
				1243	for CMYKA (or RGBA with offsets). The matrix is similar to those used by
				1244	Adobe Flash except offsets are in column 6 rather than 5 (in support of
				1245	CMYKA images) and offsets are normalized (divide Flash offset by 255).</p>
cristy	2c83960	2010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1246
				1247	<p>As an example, to add contrast to an image with offsets, try this command:</p>
				1248
				1249	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1250	convert kittens.jpg -color-matrix \
				1251	" 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \
				1252	0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \
				1253	0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \
				1254	0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0, 0.0, 0.0 \
				1255	0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 \
				1256	0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0, 0.0, 1.0" kittens.png
cristy	2c83960	2010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1257	</pre>
				1258	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1259	<h4><a id="colorspace"></a>-colorspace <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1260	</div>
				1261
				1262	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the image colorspace.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1263
				1264	<p>Choices are:</p>
				1265
				1266	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1267	CMY CMYK Gray HSB
				1268	HSL HWB Lab Log
				1269	OHTA Rec601Luma Rec601YCbCr Rec709Luma
				1270	Rec709YCbCr RGB sRGB Transparent
				1271	XYZ YCbCr YCC YIQ
				1272	YPbPr YUV
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1273	</pre>
				1274
				1275	<p>To print a complete list of colorspaces, use <a href="#list">-list colorspace</a>.</p>
				1276
				1277	<p>For a more accurate color conversion to or from the RGB, CMYK, or grayscale colorspaces, use the <a href="#profile">-profile</a> option.</p>
				1278
				1279	<table class="doc">
				1280	<caption>Conversion Of RGB To Other Color Spaces</caption>
				1281	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">CMY</th></tr>
				1282	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−R</td></tr>
				1283	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">M=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−G</td></tr>
				1284	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−B</td></tr>
				1285	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">CMYK — starts with CMY from above</th></tr>
				1286	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">K=min(C,Y,M)</td></tr>
				1287	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>*(C−K)/(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−K)</td></tr>
				1288	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">M=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>*(M−K)/(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−K)</td></tr>
				1289	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>*(Y−K)/(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−K)</td></tr>
				1290
				1291	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Gray</th></tr>
				1292	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Gray = 0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B</td></tr>
				1293
				1294	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">HSB — Hue, Saturation, Brightness; like a cone peak downward</th></tr>
				1295	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">H=angle around perimeter (0 to 360 deg); H=0 is red; increasing angles toward green</td></tr>
				1296	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">S=distance from axis outward</td></tr>
				1297	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">B=distance along axis from bottom upward; B=max(R,G,B); <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1298
				1299	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">HSL — Hue, Saturation, Lightness; like a double cone end-to-end with peaks at very top and bottom</th></tr>
				1300	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">H=angle around perimeter (0 to 360 deg); H=0 is red; increasing angles toward green</td></tr>
				1301	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">S=distance from axis outward</td></tr>
				1302	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">L=distance along axis from bottom upward; L=0.5max(R,G,B) + 0.5min(R,G,B); <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1303
				1304	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">HWB — Hue, Whiteness, Blackness</th></tr>
				1305	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Hue (complicated equation)</td></tr>
				1306	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Whiteness (complicated equation)</td></tr>
				1307	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Blackness (complicated equation)</td></tr>
				1308
				1309	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">LAB</th></tr>
				1310	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">L (complicated equation relating X,Y,Z)</td></tr>
				1311	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">A (complicated equation relating X,Y,Z)</td></tr>
				1312	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">B (complicated equation relating X,Y,Z)</td></tr>
				1313
				1314	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">LOG</th></tr>
				1315	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I1 (complicated equation involving logarithm of R)</td></tr>
				1316	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I2 (complicated equation involving logarithm of G)</td></tr>
				1317	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I3 (complicated equation involving logarithm of B)</td></tr>
				1318
				1319	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">OHTA — approximates principal components transformation</th></tr>
				1320	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I1=0.33333R+0.33334G+0.33333*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1321	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I2=(0.50000R+0.00000G−0.50000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1322	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I3=(−0.25000R+0.50000G−0.25000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1323
				1324	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec601Luma</th></tr>
				1325	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Gray = 0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B</td></tr>
				1326
				1327	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec601YCbCr</th></tr>
				1328	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.299000R+0.587000G+0.114000*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1329	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cb=(−0.168736R-0.331264G+0.500000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1330	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000R−0.418688G−0.081312B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1331
				1332	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec709Luma</th></tr>
				1333	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Gray=0.21260R+0.71520G+0.07220*B</td></tr>
				1334
				1335	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec709YCbCr</th></tr>
				1336	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.212600R+0.715200G+0.072200*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1337	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cb=(−0.114572R−0.385428G+0.500000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1338	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000R−0.454153G−0.045847B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1339
				1340	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">sRGB</th></tr>
cristy	f9a6c46	2011-04-24 14:01:11 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	1341	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if Rs ≤ .04045 then Rs=R/12.92 else Rs=((R+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
				1342	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if Gs ≤ .04045 then Gs=B/12.92 else Gs=((G+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
				1343	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if Bs ≤ .04045 then Bs=B/12.92 else Bs=((B+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1344
				1345	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">XYZ</th></tr>
				1346	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">X=0.4124240R+0.3575790G+0.1804640*B</td></tr>
				1347	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.2126560R+0.7151580G+0.0721856*B</td></tr>
				1348	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Z=0.0193324R+0.1191930G+0.9504440*B</td></tr>
				1349
				1350	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YCC</th></tr>
				1351	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=(0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B) (with complicated scaling); <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1352	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C1=(−0.29900R−0.58700G+0.88600*B) (with complicated scaling)</td></tr>
				1353	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C2=(0.70100R−0.58700G−0.11400*B) (with complicated scaling)</td></tr>
				1354
				1355	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YCbCr</th></tr>
				1356	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.299000R+0.587000G+0.114000*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1357	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cb=(−0.168736R−0.331264G+0.500000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1358	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000R−0.418688G−0.081312B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1359
				1360	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YIQ</th></tr>
				1361	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1362	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I=(0.59600R−0.27400G−0.32200B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1363	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Q=(0.21100R−0.52300G+0.31200B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1364
				1365	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YPbPr</th></tr>
				1366	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.299000R+0.587000G+0.114000*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1367	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Pb=(−0.168736R−0.331264G+0.500000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1368	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Pr=(0.500000R−0.418688G−0.081312B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1369
				1370	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YUV</th></tr>
				1371	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1372	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">U=(−0.14740R−0.28950G+0.43690B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1373	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">V=(0.61500R−0.51500G−0.10000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1374	</table>
				1375
				1376	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1377	<h4><a id="combine"></a>-combine</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1378	</div>
				1379
				1380	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Combine one or more images into a single image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1381
				1382	<p>The channels (previously set by <a href="#channel">-channel</a>) of the combined image are taken from the grayscale values of each image in the sequence, in order. For the default -channel setting of <kbd>RGB</kbd>, this means the first image is assigned to the <kbd>Red</kbd> channel, the second to the <kbd>Green</kbd> channel, the third to the <kbd>Blue</kbd>.</p>
				1383
				1384	<p>This option can be thought of as the inverse to <a href="#separate">-separate</a>, so long as the channel settings are the same. Thus, in the following example, the final image should be a copy of the original.
				1385	</p>
				1386
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1387	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert original.png -channel RGB -separate sepimage.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert sepimage-0.png sepimage-1.png sepimage-2.png -channel RGB \ <br/> -combine imagecopy.png</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1388	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1389	<h4><a id="comment"></a>-comment <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1390	</div>
				1391
				1392	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Embed a comment in an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1393
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1394	<p>This option sets the comment meta-data of an image read in after this
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1395	option has been given. To modify a comment of images already in memory use
				1396	"<kbd><a href="#set">-set</a> comment</kbd>". </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1397
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1398	<p>The comment can contain special format characters listed in the <a
				1399	href="../www/escape.html">Format and
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1400	Print Image Properties</a>. These attributes are expanded when the comment
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1401	is finally assigned to the individual images. </p>
				1402
				1403	<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">string</em> is <em
				1404	class="arg">@</em>, the image comment is read from a file titled by the
				1405	remaining characters in the string. Comments read in from a file are literal;
				1406	no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
				1407
				1408	<p>Comment meta-data are not visible on the image itself. To do that use the
				1409	<a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> or <a href="#draw">-draw</a> options
				1410	instead.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1411
				1412	<p>For example,</p>
				1413
				1414	<p class="crtsnip">
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1415	-comment "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1416	</p>
				1417
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1418	<p>produces an image comment of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> (assuming
				1419	that the image <kbd>bird.miff</kbd> has a width of 512 and a height of
				1420	480.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1421
				1422	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1423	<h4><a id="compose"></a>-compose <em class="arg">operator</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1424	</div>
				1425
				1426	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the type of image composition.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1427
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1428	<p>See <a href="../www/compose.html">Alpha Compositing</a> for
				1429	a detailed discussion of alpha compositing.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1430
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1431	<p>This setting effects image processing operators that merge two (or more)
				1432	images together in some way. This includes the operators,
				1433	<a href="#composite">-composite</a>,
				1434	<a href="#layers">-layers</a> composite,
				1435	<a href="#flatten">-flatten</a>,
				1436	<a href="#mosaic">-mosaic</a>,
				1437	<a href="#layers">-layers</a> merge,
				1438	<a href="#border">-border</a>,
				1439	<a href="#frame">-frame</a>,
				1440	and <a href="#extent">-extent</a>. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1441
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1442	<p>It is also one of the primary options for the "<kbd>composite</kbd>"
				1443	command. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1444
				1445
				1446	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1447	<h4><a id="composite"></a>-composite</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1448	</div>
				1449
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1450	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Perform alpha composition on two images and an optional mask</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1451
				1452	<p>Take the first image 'destination' and overlay the second 'source' image
				1453	according to the current <a href="#compose">-compose</a> setting. The location
				1454	of the 'source' or 'overlay' image is controlled according to <a
				1455	href="#geometry" >-geometry</a>, and <a href="#geometry" >-geometry</a>
				1456	settings. </p>
				1457
				1458	<p>If a third image is given this is treated as a gray-scale 'mask' image
				1459	relative to the first 'destination' image. This mask will limit what parts of
				1460	the destination can be modified by the image composition. However for the
				1461	'<kbd>displace</kbd>' compose method, the mask is used to provide a separate
				1462	Y-displacement image instead. </p>
				1463
				1464	<p>If a <a href="#compose">-compose</a> method requires extra numerical
				1465	arguments or flags these can be provided by setting the <a
				1466	href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd class="arg">option:compose:args</kbd>'
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1467	appropriately for the compose method. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1468
				1469	<p>Some <a href="#compose">-compose</a> methods can modify the 'destination'
				1470	image outside the overlay area. You can disable this by setting the special <a
				1471	href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd class="arg">option:compose:outside-overlay</kbd>'
				1472	to '<kbd>false</kbd>'. </p>
				1473
				1474
				1475	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1476	<h4><a id="compress"></a>-compress <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1477	</div>
				1478
				1479	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Use pixel compression specified by <em class="arg">type</em> when writing the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1480
				1481	<p>Choices are: <kbd class="arg">None</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">BZip</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">Fax</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">Group4</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">JPEG</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">JPEG2000</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">Lossless</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">LZW</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">RLE</kbd> or <kbd class="arg">Zip</kbd>.</p>
				1482
				1483	<p>To print a complete list of compression types, use <a href="#list">-list compress</a>.</p>
				1484
				1485	<p>Specify <a href="#compress">+compress</a> to store the binary image in an uncompressed format. The default is the compression type of the specified image file.</p>
				1486
				1487	<p>If <kbd>LZW</kbd> compression is specified but LZW compression has not been enabled, the image data is written in an uncompressed LZW format that can be read by LZW decoders. This may result in larger-than-expected GIF files.</p>
				1488
				1489	<p><kbd>Lossless</kbd> refers to lossless JPEG, which is only available if the JPEG library has been patched to support it. Use of lossless JPEG is generally not recommended.</p>
				1490
				1491	<p>Use the <a href="#quality">-quality</a> option to set the compression level to be used by JPEG, PNG, MIFF, and MPEG encoders. Use the <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor</a> option to set the sampling factor to be used by JPEG, MPEG, and YUV encoders for down-sampling the chroma channels.</p>
				1492
				1493	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1494	<h4><a id="contrast"></a>-contrast</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1495	</div>
				1496
				1497	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Enhance or reduce the image contrast.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1498
				1499	<p>This option enhances the intensity differences between the lighter and darker elements of the image. Use <a href="#contrast">-contrast</a> to enhance the image or <a href="#contrast">+contrast</a> to reduce the image contrast.</p>
				1500
				1501	<p>For a more pronounced effect you can repeat the option:</p>
				1502
				1503	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -contrast -contrast rose_c2.png</span></p>
				1504	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1505	<h4><a id="contrast-stretch"></a>-contrast-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em><br />-contrast-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em>{x<em class="arg">white-point</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1506	</div>
				1507
				1508	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Increase the contrast in an image by <em>stretching</em> the range of intensity values.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1509
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1510	<p>While performing the stretch, black-out at most <em
				1511	class="arg" >black-point</em> pixels and white-out at most <em
				1512	class="arg" >white-point</em> pixels. Or, if percent is used, black-out at most
				1513	<em class="arg" >black-point %</em> pixels and white-out at most <em
				1514	class="arg" >white-point %</em> pixels.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1515
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1516	<p>Prior to ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <a href="#contrast-stretch"
				1517	>-contrast-stretch</a> will black-out at most <em class="arg"
				1518	>black-point</em> pixels and white-out at most <em class="arg" >total pixels
				1519	minus white-point</em> pixels. Or, if percent is used, black-out at most <em
				1520	class="arg">black-point %</em> pixels and white-out at most <em class="arg"
				1521	>100% minus white-point %</em> pixels.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1522
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1523	<p>Note that <kbd>-contrast-stretch 0</kbd> will modify the image such that
				1524	the image's min and max values are stretched to 0 and <em class="QR"
				1525	>QuantumRange</em>, respectively, without any loss of data due to burn-out or
				1526	clipping at either end. This is not the same as <a href="#normalize"
cristy	d4d64ed	2010-08-22 22:19:33 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1527	>-normalize</a>, which is equivalent to <kbd>-contrast-stretch 0.15x0.05%</kbd> (or
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1528	prior to ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <kbd>-contrast-stretch 2%x99%</kbd>).</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1529
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1530	<p>Internally operator works by creating a histogram bin, and then uses that
				1531	bin to modify the image. As such some colors may be merged together when they
				1532	originally fell into the same 'bin'. </p>
				1533
				1534	<p>All the channels are normalized in concert by the came amount so as to
				1535	preserve color integrity, when the default <a href="#channel" >+channel</a>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1536	setting is in use. Specifying any other <a href="#channel" >-channel</a>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1537	setting will normalize the RGB channels independently.</p>
				1538
				1539	<p>See also <a href="#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect'
				1540	normalization of mathematical images. </p>
				1541
				1542	<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1543
				1544
				1545	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1546	<h4><a id="convolve"></a>-convolve <em class="arg">kernel</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1547	</div>
				1548
				1549	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Convolve an image with a user-supplied convolution kernel.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1550
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1551	<p>The <em class="arg">kernel</em> is a matrix specified as
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1552	a comma-separated list of integers (with no spaces), ordered left-to right,
				1553	starting with the top row. Presently, only odd-dimensioned kernels are
				1554	supported, and therefore the number of entries in the specified <em
				1555	class="arg">kernel</em> must be 3<sup>2</sup>=9, 5<sup>2</sup>=25,
				1556	7<sup>2</sup>=49, etc. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1557
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1558	<p>Note that the <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#convolve">‑convolve</a> operator supports the <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> setting. This option shifts the convolution so that
				1559	positive and negative results are relative to a user-specified bias value.
				1560	This is important for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick when dealing with
				1561	convolutions that contain negative as well as positive values. This is
				1562	especially the case with convolutions involving high pass filters or edge
				1563	detection. Without an output bias, the negative values is clipped at zero.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1564	</p>
				1565
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1566	<p>When using an ImageMagick with the HDRI compile-time setting, <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> is not needed, as ImageMagick is able to store/handle any
				1567	negative results without clipping to the color value range (0..QuantumRange).
				1568	See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page <a
cristy	4777498	2011-02-15 15:17:19 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1569	href="../www/high-dynamic-range.html">High
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1570	Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a
				1571	href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri">Usage</a> pages or this
				1572	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a>
				1573	entry. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1574
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1575
				1576	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1577	<h4><a id="crop"></a>-crop <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1578	</div>
				1579
				1580	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Cut out one or more rectangular regions of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1581
				1582	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				1583
				1584	<p>The <em class="arg">width</em> and <em class="arg">height</em> of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument give the size of the image that remains after cropping, and <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> in the <em class="arg">offset</em> (if present) gives the location of the top left corner of the cropped image with respect to the original image. To specify the amount to be removed, use <a href="#shave">-shave</a> instead.</p>
				1585
				1586	<p>If the <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> offsets are present, a single image is generated, consisting of the pixels from the cropping region. The offsets specify the location of the upper left corner of the cropping region measured downward and rightward with respect to the upper left corner of the image. If the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with <kbd>NorthEast</kbd>, <kbd>East</kbd>, or <kbd>SouthEast</kbd> gravity, it gives the distance leftward from the right edge of the image to the right edge of the cropping region. Similarly, if the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with <kbd>SouthWest</kbd>, <kbd>South</kbd>, or <kbd>SouthEast</kbd> gravity, the distance is measured upward between the bottom edges.</p>
				1587
				1588	<p>If the <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> offsets are omitted, a set of tiles of the specified geometry, covering the entire input image, is generated. The rightmost tiles and the bottom tiles are smaller if the specified geometry extends beyond the dimensions of the input image.</p>
				1589
				1590	<p>By adding a exclamation character flag to the geometry argument, the
				1591	cropped images virtual canvas page size and offset is set as if the
				1592	geometry argument was a viewport or window. This means the canvas page size
				1593	is set to exactly the same size you specified, the image offset set
				1594	relative top left corner of the region cropped. </p>
				1595
				1596	<p>If the cropped image 'missed' the actual image on its virtual canvas, a
				1597	special single pixel transparent 'missed' image is returned, and a 'crop
				1598	missed' warning given. </p>
				1599
cristy	739df91	2009-10-24 16:10:18 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1600	<p>It might be necessary to <a href="#repage" >+repage</a> the image prior to cropping the image to ensure the crop coordinate frame is relocated to the upper-left corner of the visible image.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1601
				1602	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1603	<h4><a id="cycle"></a>-cycle <em class="arg">amount</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1604	</div>
				1605
				1606	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>displace image colormap by amount.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1607
				1608	<p><em class="arg">Amount</em> defines the number of positions each
				1609	colormap entry is shifted.</p>
				1610
				1611
				1612	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1613	<h4><a id="debug"></a>-debug <em class="arg">events</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1614	</div>
				1615
				1616	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>enable debug printout.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1617
				1618	<p>The <kbd>events</kbd> parameter specifies which events are to be logged. It can be either <kbd>None</kbd>, <kbd>All</kbd>, <kbd>Trace</kbd>, or a comma-separated list consisting of one or more of the following domains: <kbd>Annotate</kbd>, <kbd>Blob</kbd>, <kbd>Cache</kbd>, <kbd>Coder</kbd>, <kbd>Configure</kbd>, <kbd>Deprecate</kbd>, <kbd>Exception</kbd>, <kbd>Locale</kbd>, <kbd>Render</kbd>, <kbd>Resource</kbd>, <kbd>Security</kbd>, <kbd>TemporaryFile</kbd>, <kbd>Transform</kbd>, <kbd>X11</kbd>, or <kbd>User</kbd>. </p>
				1619
				1620
				1621	<p>For example, to log cache and blob events, use.</p>
				1622
				1623	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -debug "Cache,Blob" rose: rose.png</span></p>
				1624	<p>The <kbd>User</kbd> domain is normally empty, but developers can log user events in their private copy of ImageMagick.</p>
				1625
				1626	<p>To print the complete list of debug methods, use <a href="#list">-list debug</a>.</p>
				1627
				1628	<p>Use the <a href="#log">-log</a> option to specify the format for debugging output.</p>
				1629
				1630	<p>Use <a href="#debug">+debug</a> to turn off all logging.</p>
				1631
				1632	<p>Debugging may also be set using the <kbd>MAGICK_DEBUG</kbd> <a href="../www/resources.html#environment">environment variable</a>. The allowed values for the <kbd>MAGICK_DEBUG</kbd> environment variable are the same as for the <a href="#debug">-debug</a> option.</p>
				1633
				1634
				1635	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1636	<h4><a id="decipher"></a>-decipher <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1637	</div>
				1638
				1639	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Decipher and restore pixels that were previously transformed by <a href="#encipher">-encipher</a>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1640
				1641	<p>Get the passphrase from the file specified by <em class="arg">filename</em>.</p>
				1642
				1643	<p>For more information, see the webpage, <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/www/cipher.html">ImageMagick: Encipher or Decipher an Image</a>.</p>
				1644
				1645
				1646	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1647	<h4><a id="deconstruct"></a>-deconstruct</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1648	</div>
				1649
				1650	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>find areas that has changed between images </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1651
				1652	<p>Given a sequence of images all the same size, such as produced by <a href="#coalesce">-coalesce</a>, replace the second and later images, with a smaller image of just the area that changed relative to the previous image. </p>
				1653
				1654	<p>The resulting sequence of images can be used to optimize an animation sequence, though will not work correctly for GIF animations when parts of the animation can go from opaque to transparent. </p>
				1655
				1656	<p>This option is actually equivalent to the <a href="#layers">-layers</a> method '<kbd>compare-any</kbd>'. </p>
				1657
				1658
				1659	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1660	<h4><a id="define"></a>-define <em class="arg">key</em>{<em class="arg">=value</em>}<em class="arg">...</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1661	</div>
				1662
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1663	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>add specific global settings generally used to control
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1664	coders and image processing operations.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1665
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1666	<p>This option creates one or more definitions for coders and decoders to use
				1667	while reading and writing image data. Definitions are generally used to
				1668	control image file format coder modules, and image processing operations,
				1669	beyond what is provided by normal means. Defined settings are listed in <a
				1670	href="#verbose" >-verbose</a> information ("<kbd>info:</kbd>" output format)
				1671	as "Artifacts". </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1672
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1673	<p>If <em class="arg">value</em> is missing for a definition, an empty-valued
				1674	definition of a flag is created with that name. This used to control on/off
				1675	options. Use <a href="#define">+define key</a> to remove definitions
				1676	previously created. Use <a href="#define">+define "*"</a> to remove all
				1677	existing definitions.</p>
				1678
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1679	<p>The same 'artifact' settings can also be defined using the <a
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1680	href="#set" >-set "option:<em class="arg">key</em>" "<em class="arg"
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1681	>value</em>"</a> option, which also allows the use of <a href="../www/escape.html" >Format and Print Image
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1682	Properties</a> in the defined value. </p>
				1683
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1684	<p>The <em>option</em> and <em>key</em> are case-independent (they are
				1685	converted to lowercase for use within the decoders) while the <em>value</em>
				1686	is case-dependent.</p>
				1687
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1688	<p>Such settings are global in scope, and effect all images and operations. </p>
				1689
				1690	<p>The following definitions are just some of the artifacts that are
				1691	available:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1692
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1693	<dl>
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1694	<dt>dcm:display-range=reset</dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1695	<dd>Set the display range to the minimum and maximum pixel values for the
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1696	DCM image format.</dd>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1697
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1698	<dt>dot:layout-engine=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1699	<dd>Set the specify the layout engine for the DOT image format (e.g.
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1700	<kbd>neato</kbd>).</dd>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1701
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1702	<dt>jpeg:extent=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1703	<dd>Restrict the maximum JPEG file size, for example <kbd>-define
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1704	jpeg:extent=400kb</kbd>.</dd>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1705
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1706	<dt>jpeg:size=<em class="arg">geometry</em></dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1707	<dd>Set the size hint of a JPEG image, for example, -define jpeg:size=128x128.
				1708	It is most useful for increasing performance and reducing the memory
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1709	requirements when reducing the size of a large JPEG image.</dd>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1710
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1711	<dt>jp2:rate=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1712	<dd>Specify the compression factor to use while writing JPEG-2000 files. The
				1713	compression factor is the reciprocal of the compression ratio. The valid
				1714	range is 0.0 to 1.0, with 1.0 indicating lossless compression. If defined,
				1715	this value overrides the -quality setting. A quality setting of 75
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1716	results in a rate value of 0.06641.</dd>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1717
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1718	<dt>mng:need-cacheoff</dt>
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1719	<dd>turn playback caching off for streaming MNG.</dd>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1720
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1721	<dt>png:bit-depth=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
				1722	<dt>png:color-type=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1723	<dd>desired bit-depth and color-type for PNG output. You can force the PNG
				1724	encoder to use a different bit-depth and color-type than it would have
				1725	normally selected, but only if this does not cause any loss of image
				1726	quality. Any attempt to reduce image quality is treated as an error and no
				1727	PNG file is written. E.g., if you have a 1-bit black-and-white image, you
				1728	can use these "defines" to cause it to be written as an 8-bit grayscale,
				1729	indexed, or even a 64-bit RGBA. But if you have a 16-million color image,
				1730	you cannot force it to be written as a grayscale or indexed PNG. If you
				1731	wish to do this, you must use the appropriate <a href="#depth">-depth</a>,
				1732	<a href="#colors">-colors</a>, or <a href="#type">-type</a> directives to
				1733	reduce the image quality prior to using the PNG encoder. Note that in
				1734	indexed PNG files, "bit-depth" refers to the number of bits per index,
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1735	which can be 1, 2, 4, or 8. In such files, the color samples always have
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1736	8-bit depth.</dd>
				1737
				1738	<dt>png:exclude-chunk=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
				1739	<dt>png:include-chunk=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
				1740	<dd>ancillary chunks to be excluded from or included in PNG output.
				1741
				1742	<p>The<em class="arg">value</em> can be the name of a PNG chunk-type such
				1743	as <em class="arg">bKGD</em>, a comma-separated list of chunk-types,
				1744	or the word <em class="arg">all</em> or
				1745	the word <em class="arg">none</em>. There must be no spaces in the
				1746	list. Although PNG chunk-names are case-dependent, you can use
				1747	all lowercase names if you prefer.</p>
				1748
cristy	d241f44	2011-03-29 13:50:49 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1749	<p>The "include-chunk" and "exclude-chunk" lists only affect the behavior
				1750	of the PNG encoder and have no effect on the PNG decoder.</p>
				1751
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1752	<p>As a special case, if the <kbd>sRGB</kbd> chunk is excluded and
				1753	the <kbd>gAMA</kbd> chunk is included, the <kbd>gAMA</kbd> chunk will
				1754	only be written if gamma is not 1/2.2, since most decoders assume
				1755	sRGB and gamma=1/2.2 when no colorspace information is included in
				1756	the PNG file. Because the list is processed from left to right, you
				1757	can achieve this with a single define:</p>
				1758
				1759	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1760	-define png:include-chunk=none,gAMA
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1761	</pre>
				1762
				1763	<p>The critical PNG chunks <kbd>IHDR</kbd>, <kbd>PLTE</kbd>,
				1764	<kbd>IDAT</kbd>, and <kbd>IEND</kbd> cannot be excluded. Any of
				1765	these entries appearing in the list will be ignored.</p>
				1766
				1767	<p>If the ancillary PNG <kbd>tRNS</kbd> chunk is excluded and the
				1768	image has transparency, the PNG colortype is forced to be 4 or 6
				1769	(GRAY_ALPHA or RGBA). If the image is not transparent, then the
				1770	<kbd>tRNS</kbd> chunk isn't written anyhow, and there is no effect
				1771	on the PNG colortype of the output image.</p>
				1772
				1773	<p>The <a href="#strip">-strip</a> option does the equivalent of the
				1774	following for PNG output:</p>
				1775
				1776	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1777	-define png:include-chunk=none,gama
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1778	</pre>
				1779
				1780	<p>The default behavior is to include all known PNG ancillary chunks
cristy	f796427	2011-01-30 03:49:12 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1781	plus ImageMagick's private <kbd>vpAg</kbd> ("virtual page") chunk,
				1782	and to exclude all PNG chunks that are unknown to ImageMagick,
				1783	regardless of their PNG "copy-safe" status as described in the
				1784	PNG specification.</p>
cristy	d241f44	2011-03-29 13:50:49 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1785
				1786	<p>Any chunk names that are not known to ImageMagick are ignored
				1787	if they appear in either the "include-chunk" or "exclude-chunk" list.
				1788	The ancillary chunks currently known to ImageMagick are
				1789	<kbd>bKGD</kbd>, <kbd>cHRM</kbd>, <kbd>gAMA</kbd>, <kbd>iCCP</kbd>,
				1790	<kbd>oFFs</kbd>, <kbd>pHYs</kbd>, <kbd>sRGB</kbd>, <kbd>tEXt</kbd>,
				1791	<kbd>tRNS</kbd>, <kbd>vpAg</kbd>, and <kbd>zTXt</kbd>.</p>
				1792
cristy	f9a6c46	2011-04-24 14:01:11 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	1793	<p>You can also put <kbd>date</kbd> in the list to include or exclude
				1794	the "Date:create" and "Date:modify" text chunks that ImageMagick normally
				1795	inserts in the output PNG.</p>
				1796
				1797	</dd>
				1798
				1799	<dt>png:preserve-colormap</dt>
				1800	<dd>Use the existing image->colormap. Normally the PNG encoder will
				1801	try to optimize the palette, eliminating unused entries and putting
				1802	the transparent colors first. If this flag is set, that behavior
				1803	is suppressed.</dd>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1804
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1805	<dt>ps:imagemask</dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1806	<dd>If the ps:imagemask flag is defined, the PS3 and EPS3 coders will create
				1807	Postscript files that render bilevel images with the Postscript imagemask
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1808	operator instead of the image operator.</dd>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1809
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1810	<dt>quantum:format=<em class="arg">type</em></dt>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1811	<dd>Set the type to <kbd>floating-point</kbd> to specify a floating-point
				1812	format for raw files (e.g. GRAY:) or for MIFF and TIFF images in HDRI mode
				1813	to preserve negative values. If <a href="#depth">-depth</a> 16 is
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1814	included, the result is a single precision floating point format.
				1815	If <a href="#depth">-depth</a> 32 is included, the result is
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1816	double precision floating point format.</dd>
				1817
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1818	</dl>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1819
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1820	<p>For example, to create a postscript file that will render only the black
				1821	pixels of a bilevel image, use:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1822
				1823	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert bilevel.tif -define ps:imagemask eps3:stencil.ps</span></p>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1824	<p>Set attributes of the image registry by prefixing the value with
				1825	<kbd>registry:</kbd>. For example, to set a temporary path to put work files,
				1826	use:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1827
				1828	<p class="crtsnip">
				1829	-define registry:temporary-path=/data/tmp
				1830	</p>
				1831
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1832
				1833
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1834	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1835	<h4><a id="delay"></a>-delay <em class="arg">ticks</em> <br />-delay <em class="arg">ticks</em>x<em class="arg">ticks-per-second</em> {<em class="arg"><</em>} {<em class="arg">></em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1836	</div>
				1837
				1838	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>display the next image after pausing.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1839
				1840	<p>This option is useful for regulating the animation of image sequences <em>ticks/ticks-per-second</em> seconds must expire before the display of the next image. The default is no delay between each showing of the image sequence. The default ticks-per-second is 100.</p>
				1841
				1842	<p>Use <kbd>></kbd> to change the image delay <em>only</em> if its current value exceeds the given delay. <kbd><</kbd> changes the image delay <em>only</em> if current value is less than the given delay. For example, if you specify <kbd>30></kbd> and the image delay is 20, the image delay does not change. However, if the image delay is 40 or 50, the delay it is changed to 30. Enclose the given delay in quotation marks to prevent the <kbd><</kbd> or <kbd>></kbd> from being interpreted by your shell as a file redirection.</p>
				1843
				1844
				1845	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	323f35b	2011-03-24 23:05:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1846	<h4><a id="delete"></a>-delete <em class="arg">indexes</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1847	</div>
				1848
				1849	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>delete the image, specified by its index, from the image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1850
				1851	<p>Specify the image by its index in the sequence. The first image is index 0. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the sequence, for example, -1 represents the last image of the sequence. Specify a range of images with a dash (e.g. 0-4). Separate indexes with a comma (e.g. 0,2). Use <kbd>+delete</kbd> to delete the last image in the current image sequence.</p>
				1852
				1853
				1854	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1855	<h4><a id="density"></a>-density <em class="arg">width</em><br />-density <em class="arg">width</em>x<em class="arg">height</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1856	</div>
				1857
				1858	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the horizontal and vertical resolution of an image for rendering to devices.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1859
				1860	<p>This option specifies the image resolution to store while encoding a raster image or the canvas resolution while rendering (reading) vector formats such as Postscript, PDF, WMF, and SVG into a raster image. Image resolution provides the unit of measure to apply when rendering to an output device or raster image. The default unit of measure is in dots per inch (DPI). The <a href="#units">-units</a> option may be used to select dots per centimeter instead.</p>
				1861
				1862	<p>The default resolution is 72 dots per inch, which is equivalent to one point per pixel (Macintosh and Postscript standard). Computer screens are normally 72 or 96 dots per inch, while printers typically support 150, 300, 600, or 1200 dots per inch. To determine the resolution of your display, use a ruler to measure the width of your screen in inches, and divide by the number of horizontal pixels (1024 on a 1024x768 display).</p>
				1863
				1864	<p>If the file format supports it, this option may be used to update the stored image resolution. Note that Photoshop stores and obtains image resolution from a proprietary embedded profile. If this profile is not stripped from the image, then Photoshop will continue to treat the image using its former resolution, ignoring the image resolution specified in the standard file header.</p>
				1865
				1866	<p>The <a href="#density">-density</a> option sets an <em>attribute</em> and does not alter the underlying raster image. It may be used to adjust the rendered size for desktop publishing purposes by adjusting the scale applied to the pixels. To resize the image so that it is the same size at a different resolution, use the <a href="#resample">-resample</a> option.</p>
				1867
				1868	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1869	<h4><a id="depth"></a>-depth <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1870	</div>
				1871
				1872	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>depth of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1873
				1874	<p>This the number of bits in a color sample within a pixel. Use this option to specify the depth of raw images whose depth is unknown such as GRAY, RGB, or CMYK, or to change the depth of any image after it has been read.</p>
				1875
				1876	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1877	<h4><a id="descend"></a>-descend</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1878	</div>
				1879
				1880	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>obtain image by descending window hierarchy.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1881
				1882	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1883	<h4><a id="deskew"></a>-deskew <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1884	</div>
				1885
				1886	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>straighten an image. A threshold of 40% works for most images.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1887
				1888	<p>Use <a href="#set">-set</a> <kbd>option:deskew:auto-crop <em>width</em></kbd> to auto crop the image. The set argument is the pixel width of the image background (e.g 40).</p>
				1889
				1890	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1891	<h4><a id="despeckle"></a>-despeckle</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1892	</div>
				1893
				1894	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>reduce the speckles within an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1895
				1896	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1897	<h4><a id="direction"></a>-direction <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	2c83960	2010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1898	</div>
				1899
				1900	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>render text right-to-left or left-to-right.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1901
				1902	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1903	<h4><a id="displace"></a>-displace <em class="arg">horizontal-scale</em><br />-displace <em class="arg">horizontal-scale</em>x<em class="arg">vertical-scale</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1904	</div>
				1905
				1906	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>shift image pixels as defined by a displacement map.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				1907
				1908	<p>With this option, the 'overlay' image, and optionally the 'mask' image,
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1909	is used as a displacement map, which is used to displace the lookup of
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1910	what part of the 'background' image is seen at each point of the overlaid
				1911	area. Much like the displacement map is a 'lens' that redirects light shining
				1912	through it so as to present a distorted view the original 'background' image
				1913	behind it. </p>
				1914
				1915	<p>Any perfect grey areas of the displacement map produce a zero
				1916	displacement of the image. Black areas produce the given maximum negative
				1917	displacement of the lookup point, while white produce a maximum positive
				1918	displacement of the lookup. </p>
				1919
				1920	<p>Note that it is the lookup of the 'background' that is displaced, not a
				1921	displacement of the image itself. As such an area of the displacement map
				1922	containing 'white' will have the lookup point 'shifted' by a positive amount,
				1923	and thus generating a copy of the destination image to the right/downward from
				1924	the correct position. That is the image will look like it may have been
				1925	'shifted' in a negative left/upward direction. Understanding this is a very
				1926	important in understanding how displacement maps work. </p>
				1927
				1928	<p>The given arguments define the maximum amount of displacement in pixels
				1929	that a particular map can produce. If the displacement scale is large enough
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1930	it is also possible to lookup parts of the 'background' image that lie well
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1931	outside the bounds of the displacement map itself. That is you could very
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1932	easily copy a section of the original image from outside the overlay area
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1933	into the overlay area. </p>
				1934
				1935	<p>The '%' flag makes the displacement scale relative to the size of the
				1936	overlay image (100% = half width/height of image). Using '!' switches
				1937	percentage arguments to refer to the destination image size instead.
				1938	these flags were added as of IM v6.5.3-5.</p>
				1939
				1940	<p>Normally a single grayscale displacement map is provided, which with the
				1941	given scaling values will determine a single direction (vector) in which
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1942	displacements can occur (positively or negatively). However, if you also
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1943	specify a third image which is normally used as a <em class="arg">mask</em>,
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1944	the <em class="arg">composite image</em> is used for horizontal X
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1945	displacement, while the <em class="arg">mask image</em> is used for vertical Y
				1946	displacement. This allows you to define completely different displacement
				1947	values for the X and Y directions, and allowing you to lookup any point within
				1948	the <em class="arg">scale</em> bounds. In other words each pixel can lookup
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1949	any other nearby pixel, producing complex 2 dimensional displacements, rather
				1950	than a simple 1 dimensional vector displacements. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1951
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1952	<p>Alteratively rather than suppling two separate images, as of IM v6.4.4-0,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1953	you can use the 'red' channel of the overlay image to specify the horizontal
				1954	or X displacement, and the 'green' channel for the vertical or Y displacement.
				1955	</p>
				1956
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1957	<p>As of IM v6.5.3-5 any alpha channel in the overlay image is used as a
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1958	mask the transparency of the destination image. However areas outside the
				1959	overlaid areas will not be effected. </p>
				1960
				1961
				1962	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1963	<h4><a id="display"></a>-display <em class="arg">host:display[.screen]</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1964	</div>
				1965
				1966	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specifies the X server to contact.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				1967
				1968	<p>This option is used with convert for obtaining image or font from this X server. See <em class="arg">X(1)</em>.</p>
				1969
				1970	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1971	<h4><a id="dispose"></a>-dispose <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1972	</div>
				1973
				1974	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>define the GIF disposal image setting for images that are being created or read in. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1975
				1976	<p>The layer disposal method defines the way each the displayed image is to be
				1977	modified after the current 'frame' of an animation has finished being
				1978	displayed (after its 'delay' period), but before the next frame on an
				1979	animation is to be overlaid onto the display. </p>
				1980
				1981	<p>Here are the valid methods:</p>
				1982
				1983	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1984	Undefined 0 No disposal specified (equivalent to '<kbd>none</kbd>').
				1985	None 1 Do not dispose, just overlay next frame image.
				1986	Background 2 Clear the frame area with the background color.
				1987	Previous 3 Clear to the image prior to this frames overlay.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1988	</pre>
				1989
				1990	<p>You can also use the numbers given above, which is what the GIF format
				1991	uses internally to represent the above settings. </p>
				1992
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1993	<p>To print a complete list of dispose methods, use <a href="#list">-list dispose</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1994
				1995	<p>Use <a href="#dispose" >+dispose</a>, turn off the setting and prevent
				1996	resetting the layer disposal methods of images being read in. </p>
				1997
				1998	<p>Use <a href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd>dispose</kbd>' method to set the image
				1999	disposal method for images already in memory.</p>
				2000
				2001	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2002	<h4><a id="dissimilarity-threshold"></a>-dissimilarity-threshold <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2003	</div>
				2004
				2005	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>maximum RMSE for subimage match (default 0.2).</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/compare.html">compare</a>]</td></tr></table>
				2006
				2007
				2008	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2009	<h4><a id="dissolve"></a>-dissolve <em class="arg">src_percent</em>[x<em class="arg">dst_percent</em>]</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2010	</div>
				2011
				2012	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>dissolve an image into another by the given percent.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				2013
				2014	<p>The opacity of the composite image is multiplied by the given percent, then
				2015	it is composited 'over' the main image. If <em class="arg">src_percent</em>
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2016	is greater than 100, start dissolving the main image so it becomes
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2017	transparent at a value of '<kbd class="arg">200</kbd>'. If both percentages
				2018	are given, each image are dissolved to the percentages given. </p>
				2019
				2020	<p>Note that dissolve percentages do not add, two opaque images dissolved
				2021	'50,50', produce a 75% transparency. For a 50% + 50% blending of the two
				2022	images, you would need to use dissolve values of '50,100'. </p>
				2023
				2024	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2025	<h4><a id="distort"></a>-distort <em class="arg">method arguments</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2026	</div>
				2027
				2028	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>distort an image, using the given <em class="arg">method</em> and its required <em class="arg">arguments</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2029
				2030	<p>The <em class="arg">arguments</em> is a single string containing a list
				2031	of floating point numbers separated by commas or spaces. The number of
				2032	and meaning of the floating point values depends on the distortion <em
				2033	class="arg">method</em> being used. </p>
				2034
				2035	<p>Choose from these distortion types:</p>
				2036
				2037	<table class="doc">
				2038	<tr valign="top">
				2039	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				2040	<th align="left">Description</th>
				2041	</tr>
				2042
				2043	<tr valign="top">
				2044	<td valign="top"><kbd>ScaleRotateTranslate</kbd>
				2045	<br/>or   <kbd>SRT</kbd></td>
				2046	<td valign="top">
				2047	Distort image by first scaling and rotating about a given 'center',
				2048	before translating that 'center' to the new location, in that order. It
				2049	is an alternative method of specifying a '<kbd>Affine</kbd>' type of
				2050	distortion, but without shearing effects. It also provides a good way
				2051	of rotating and displacing a smaller image for tiling onto a larger
				2052	background (IE 2-dimensional animations). <br/>
				2053
				2054	The number of arguments determine the specific meaning of each
				2055	argument for the scales, rotation, and translation operations. <br/>
				2056
				2057	<table style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">
				2058	<tr><td>#  </td><td>arguments meaning</td></tr>
				2059	<tr><td>1:</td><td><em>Angle_of_Rotation</em></td></tr>
				2060	<tr><td>2:</td><td><em>Scale   Angle</em></td></tr>
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2061	<tr><td>3:</td><td><em>X,Y     Angle</em></td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2062	<tr><td>4:</td><td><em>X,Y   Scale   Angle</em></td></tr>
				2063	<tr><td>5:</td>
				2064	<td><em>X,Y   ScaleX,ScaleY   Angle</em></td></tr>
				2065	<tr><td>6:</td>
				2066	<td><em>X,Y   Scale   Angle   NewX,NewY</em></td></tr>
				2067	<tr><td>7:</td>
				2068	<td><em>X,Y   ScaleX,ScaleY   Angle
				2069	NewX,NewY</em></td></tr>
				2070	</table>
				2071
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2072	This is actually an alternative way of specifying a 2 dimensional linear
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2073	'<kbd>Affine</kbd>' or '<kbd>AffineProjection</kbd>' distortion. </td> </tr>
				2074
				2075	<tr valign="top">
				2076	<td valign="top"><kbd>Affine</kbd></td>
				2077	<td valign="top">
				2078	Distort the image linearly by moving a list of at least 3 or more sets
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2079	of control points (as defined below). Ideally 3 sets or 12 floating
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2080	point values are given allowing the image to be linearly scaled,
				2081	rotated, sheared, and translated, according to those three points. See
				2082	also the related '<kbd>AffineProjection</kbd>' and '<kbd>SRT</kbd>'
				2083	distortions. <br/>
				2084
				2085	More than 3 sets given control point pairs (12 numbers) is least
				2086	squares fitted to best match a lineary affine distortion. If only 2
				2087	control point pairs (8 numbers) are given a two point image translation
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2088	rotation and scaling is performed, without any possible shearing,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2089	flipping or changes in aspect ratio to the resulting image. If only one
				2090	control point pair is provides the image is only translated, (which may
				2091	be a floating point non-integer translation). <br/>
				2092
				2093	This distortion does not include any form of perspective distortion.
				2094	</td>
				2095
				2096	</tr>
				2097
				2098	<tr valign="top">
				2099	<td valign="top"><kbd>AffineProjection</kbd></td>
				2100	<td valign="top">
				2101	Linearly distort an image using the given Affine Matrix of 6
				2102	pre-calculated coefficients forming a set of Affine Equations to map
				2103	the source image to the destination image.
				2104
				2105	<div style="text-align: center"><em>
				2106	s<sub>x</sub>, r<sub>x</sub>,
				2107	r<sub>y</sub>, s<sub>y</sub>,
				2108	t<sub>x</sub>, t<sub>y</sub>
				2109	</em></div>
				2110
				2111	See <a href="#affine" >-affine</a> setting for more detail, and
				2112	meanings of these coefficients. <br/>
				2113
				2114	The distortions '<kbd>Affine</kbd>' and '<kbd>SRT</kbd>' provide
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2115	alternative methods of defining this distortion, with ImageMagick doing
				2116	the calculations needed to generate the required coefficients. You can
				2117	see the internally generated coefficients, by using a <a
				2118	href="#verbose" >-verbose</a> setting with those other varients. </td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2119
				2120	</tr>
				2121
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2122	<tr valign="top">
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2123	<td valign="top"><kbd>BilinearForward</kbd><br/>
				2124	<kbd>BilinearReverse</kbd></td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2125	<td valign="top">
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2126	Bilinear Distortion, given a minimum of 4 sets of coordinate pairs, or
				2127	16 values (see below). Not that lines may not appear straight after
				2128	distortion, though the distance between coordinates will remain
				2129	consistent. <br/>
				2130
				2131	The '<kbd>BilinearForward</kbd>' is used to map rectangles to any
				2132	quadrilateral, while the '<kbd>BilinearReverse</kbd>' form maps any
				2133	quadrilateral to a rectangle, while preserving the straigth line edges
				2134	in each case. <br/>
				2135
				2136	Note that '<kbd>BilinearForward</kbd>' can generate invalid pixels
				2137	which will be colored using the <a href="#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a>
				2138	color setting. Also if the quadraterial becomes 'flipped' the image
				2139	may dissappear. <br/>
				2140
				2141	There are future plans to produce a true Bilinear distortion that will
				2142	attempt to map any quadrilateral to any other quadrilateral, while
				2143	preserving edges (and edge distance ratios).
				2144
				2145	</td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2146	</tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2147
				2148	<tr valign="top">
				2149	<td valign="top"><kbd>Perspective</kbd></td>
				2150	<td valign="top">
				2151	Perspective distort the images, using a list of 4 or more sets of
				2152	control points (as defined below). More that 4 sets (16 numbers) of
				2153	control points provide least squares fitting for more accurate
				2154	distortions (for the purposes of image registration and panarama
				2155	effects). Less than 4 sets will fall back to a '<kbd>Affine</kbd>'
				2156	linear distortion. <br/>
				2157
				2158	Perspective Distorted images ensures that straight lines remain
				2159	straight, but the scale of the distorted image will vary. The horizon
				2160	is anti-aliased, and the 'sky' color may be set using the
				2161	<a href="#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a> setting. </td>
				2162	</tr>
				2163
				2164	<tr valign="top">
				2165	<td valign="top"><kbd>PerspectiveProjection</kbd>  </td>
				2166	<td valign="top">
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2167	Do a '<kbd>Perspective</kbd>' distortion biased on a set of 8
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2168	pre-calculated coefficients. You can get these coefficients by looking
				2169	at the <a href="#verbose" >-verbose</a> output of a
				2170	'<kbd>Prespective</kbd>' distortion, or by calculating them yourself.
				2171	If the last two perspective scaling coefficients are zero, the
				2172	remaining 6 represents a transposed 'Affine Matrix'. </td>
				2173
				2174	</tr>
				2175
				2176	<tr valign="top">
				2177	<td valign="top"><kbd>Arc</kbd></td>
				2178	<td valign="top">
				2179	Arc the image (variation of polar mapping) over the angle given around
				2180	a circle. <br/>
				2181	<table width="90%" style = "margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
				2182	<tr valign="top"><td>Argument</td>
				2183	<td>Meaning</td></tr>
				2184	<tr valign="top"><td><em>arc_angle</em></td>
				2185	<td>The angle over which to arc the image side-to-side</td></tr>
				2186	<tr valign="top"><td><em>rotate_angle</em></td>
				2187	<td>Angle to rotate resulting image from vertical center</td></tr>
				2188	<tr valign="top"><td><em>top_radius</em></td>
				2189	<td>Set top edge of source image at this radius</td></tr>
				2190	<tr valign="top"><td><em>bottom_radius</em> </td>
				2191	<td>Set bottom edge to this radius (radial scaling)</td></tr>
				2192	</table>
				2193
				2194	The resulting image is always resized to best fit the resulting image,
				2195	(as if using <a href="#distort" >+distort</a>) while attempting to
				2196	preserve scale and aspect ratio of the original image as much as
				2197	possible with the arguments given by the user. All four arguments will
				2198	be needed to change the overall aspect ratio of an 'Arc'ed image. <br/>
				2199
				2200	This a variation of a polar distortion designed to try to preserve the
				2201	aspect ratio of the image rather than direct Cartesian to Polar
				2202	conversion. </td>
				2203	</tr>
				2204
				2205	<tr valign="top">
				2206	<td valign="top"><kbd>Polar</kbd></td>
				2207	<td valign="top">
				2208	Like '<kbd>Arc</kbd>' but do a complete Cartesian to Polar mapping of
				2209	the image. that is the height of the input image is mapped to the
				2210	radius limits, while the width is wrapped around between the
				2211	angle limits. <br/>
				2212
				2213	Arguments: <em>Rmax,Rmin CenterX,CenterY, start,end_angle</em> <br/>
				2214
				2215	All arguments are optional. With <em>Rmin</em> defaulting to zero, the
				2216	center to the center of the image, and the angles going from -180 (top)
				2217	to +180 (top). If <em>Rmax</em> is given the special value of
				2218	'<code>0</code>', the the distance from the center to the nearest edge
				2219	is used for the radius of the output image, which will ensure the whole
				2220	image is visible (though scaled smaller). However a special value of
				2221	'<code>-1</code>' will use the distance from the center to the furthest
				2222	corner, This may 'clip' the corners from the input rectangular image,
				2223	but will generate the exact reverse of a '<kbd>DePolar</kbd>' with
				2224	the same arguments. <br/>
				2225
				2226	If the plus form of distort (<a href="#distort" >+distort</a>) is used
				2227	output image center will default to <code>0,0</code> of the virtual
				2228	canvas, and the image size adjusted to ensure the whole input image is
				2229	made visible in the output image on the virtual canvas. </td>
				2230
				2231	</tr>
				2232
				2233	<tr valign="top">
				2234	<td valign="top"><kbd>DePolar</kbd></td>
				2235	<td valign="top">
				2236	Uses the same arguments and meanings as a '<kbd>Polar</kbd>' distortion
				2237	but generates the reverse Polar to Cartesian distortion. <br/>
				2238
				2239	The special <em>Rmax</em> setting of '<code>0</code>' may however clip
				2240	the corners of the input image. However using the special
				2241	<em>Rmax</em> setting of '<code>-1</code>' (maximum center to corner
				2242	distance) will ensure the whole distorted image is preserved in the
				2243	generated result, so that the same argument to '<kbd>Polar</kbd>' will
				2244	reverse the distortion re-producing the original.
				2245
				2246	Note that as this distortion requires the area resampling of a circular
				2247	arc, which can not be handled by the builtin EWA resampling function.
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2248	As such the normal EWA filters are turned off. It is recommended some
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2249	form of 'super-sampling' image processing technique be used to produce
				2250	a high quality result. </td>
				2251
				2252	</tr>
				2253
				2254	<tr valign="top">
				2255	<td valign="top"><kbd>Barrel</kbd></td>
				2256	<td valign="top">
				2257	Given the four coefficients (A,B,C,D) as defined by <a
cristy	6bcf48e	2011-02-15 19:09:04 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2258	href="http://wiki.panotools.org/Lens_correction_model" >Helmut
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2259	Dersch</a>, perform a barrell or pin-cushion distortion appropriate to
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2260	correct radial lens distortions. That is in photographs, make straight
				2261	lines straight again. <br/>
				2262
				2263	Arguments: <em>A   B   C</em>   [ <em>D</em>   [
				2264	<em>X</em> , <em>Y</em> ] ] <br/>
				2265	or <em>A<sub>x</sub> B<sub>x</sub> C<sub>x</sub> D<sub>x</sub>
				2266	A<sub>y</sub> B<sub>y</sub> C<sub>y</sub> D<sub>y</sub></em>
				2267	[ <em>X</em> , <em>Y</em> ] <br/>
				2268	So that it forms the function <br/>
				2269	Rsrc = r * ( <em>A</em>r<sup>3</sup> + <em>B</em>r<sup>2</sup> +
				2270	<em>C</em>*r + <em>D</em> )<br/>
				2271
				2272	Where <em>X</em>,<em>Y</em> is the optional center of the distortion
				2273	(defaulting to the center of the image). <br/>
				2274	The second form is typically used to distort images, rather than
				2275	correct lens distortions. <br/>
				2276	</td>
				2277
				2278	</tr>
				2279
				2280	<tr valign="top">
				2281	<td valign="top"><kbd>BarrelInverse</kbd></td>
				2282	<td valign="top">
				2283	This is very simular to '<kbd>Barrel</kbd>' with the same set of
				2284	arguments, and argument handling. However it uses the inverse
				2285	of the radial polynomial,
				2286	so that it forms the function <br/>
				2287	Rsrc = r / ( <em>A</em>r<sup>3</sup> + <em>B</em>r<sup>2</sup> +
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2288	<em>C</em>*r + <em>D</em> )<br/>
				2289	Note that this is not the reverse of the '<kbd>Barrel</kbd>'
				2290	distortion, just a different barrel-like radial distortion method.
				2291
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2292	</td>
				2293	</tr>
				2294
				2295	<tr valign="top">
				2296	<td valign="top"><kbd>Shepards</kbd></td>
				2297	<td valign="top">
				2298	Distort the given list control points (any number) using an Inverse
				2299	Squared Distance Interpolation Method (<a
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2300	href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepard%27s_method" >Shepards
				2301	Method</a>). The control points in effect do 'localized' displacement
				2302	of the image around the given control point (preserving the look and
				2303	the rotation of the area near the control points. For best results
				2304	extra control points should be added to 'lock' the positions of the
				2305	corners, edges and other unchanging parts of the image, to prevent
				2306	their movement. <br/>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2307
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2308	The distortion has been likened to 'taffy pulling' using nails, or
				2309	pins' stuck in a block of 'jelly' which is then moved to the new
				2310	position, distorting te surface of the jelly. <br/>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2311
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2312	Internally it is equivelent to generating a displacement map (see <a
				2313	href="#displace" >-displace</a>) for source image color look-up using
				2314	the <a href="#sparse-color" >-sparse-color</a> method of the same name.
				2315
				2316	</td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2317	</tr>
				2318
				2319	</table>
				2320
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2321	<p>To print a complete list of distortion methods, use <a href="#list">-list
				2322	distort</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2323
				2324	<p>Many of the above distortion methods such as '<kbd>Affine</kbd>',
				2325	'<kbd>Perspective</kbd>', and '<kbd>Shepards</kbd>' use a list control points
				2326	defining how these points in the given image should be distorted in the
				2327	destination image. Each set of four floating point values represent a source
				2328	image coordinate, followed immediately by the destination image coordinate.
				2329	This produces a list of values such as...</p>
				2330	<div style="text-align: center"><em>
				2331	U<sub>1</sub>,V<sub>1</sub> X<sub>1</sub>,Y<sub>1</sub>
				2332	U<sub>2</sub>,V<sub>2</sub> X<sub>2</sub>,Y<sub>2</sub>
				2333	U<sub>3</sub>,V<sub>3</sub> X<sub>3</sub>,Y<sub>3</sub>
				2334	...
				2335	U<sub>n</sub>,V<sub>n</sub> X<sub>n</sub>,Y<sub>n</sub>
				2336	</em></div>
				2337	<p>where <em>U,V</em> on the source image is mapped to <em>X,Y</em> on the
				2338	destination image. </p>
				2339
				2340	<p>For example, to warp an image using '<kbd>perspective</kbd>' distortion,
				2341	needs a list of at least 4 sets of coordinates, or 16 numbers. Here is the
				2342	perspective distortion of the built-in "rose:" image. Note how spaces were
				2343	used to group the 4 sets of coordinate pairs, to make it easier to read and
				2344	understand.</p>
				2345
				2346	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2347	convert rose: -virtual-pixel black \<br/>
				2348	-distort Perspective '0,0,0,0 0,45,0,45 69,0,60,10 69,45,60,35' \<br/>
				2349	rose_3d_rotated.gif</span></p>
				2350	<p>If more that the required number of coordinate pairs are given for
				2351	a distortion, the distortion method is 'least squares' fitted to produce the
				2352	best result for all the coordinate pairs given. If less than the ideal number
				2353	of points are given, the distort will generally fall back to a simpler form of
				2354	distortion that can handles the smaller number of coordinates (usally a linear
				2355	'<kbd>Affine</kbd>' distortion). </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2356
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2357	<p>By using more coordinates you can make use of image registration tool to
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2358	find matching coordinate pairs in overlapping images, so as to improve the
				2359	'fit' of the distortion. Of course a bad coordinate pair can also make the
				2360	'fit' worse. Caution is always advised. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2361
				2362	<p>Colors are acquired from the source image according to the <a
				2363	href="#interpolate" >-interpolate</a> color lookup setting, when the image is
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2364	magnified. However if the viewed image is minified (image becomes smaller),
				2365	a special area resampling function (added ImageMagick v6.3.5-9), is used to
				2366	produce a higher quality image. For example you can use
				2367	a '<kbd>perspective</kbd>' distortion to view a infinitely tiled 'plane' all
				2368	the way to the horizon. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2369
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2370	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>
				2371	convert -size 90x90 pattern:checkerboard -normalize -virtual-pixel tile \<br/>
				2372	-distort perspective '0,0,5,45 89,0,45,46 0,89,0,89 89,89,89,89' \<br/>
				2373	checks_tiled.jpg</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2374	<p>Note that a infinitely tiled perspective images involving the horizon can
				2375	be very slow to generate due to the use of the high quality 'area resampling'
				2376	function (added ImageMagick v6.3.5-9). You can turn off 'area resampling'
				2377	using a <a href="#filter" >-filter</a> setting of '<kbd>point</kbd>'
				2378	(recommended if you plan to use super-sampling instead). </p>
				2379
				2380	<p>If an image generates <i>invalid pixels</i>, such as the 'sky' in the last
				2381	'<kbd>perspective</kbd>' distortion example, <a href="#distort" >-distort</a>
				2382	will use the current <a href="#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a> setting for these
				2383	pixels. If you do not what these pixels to be visible, set the color to match
				2384	the rest of the ground. </p>
				2385
				2386	<p>The output image size will by default be the same as the input image. This
				2387	means that if the part of the distorted image falls outside the viewed area of
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2388	the 'distorted space', those parts is clipped and lost. However if you use
				2389	the plus form of the operator (<a href="#distort" >+distort</a>) the operator
				2390	will attempt (if possible) to show the whole of the distorted image, while
				2391	retaining a correct 'virtual canvas' offset, for image layering. This offset
				2392	may need to be removed using <a href="#repage" >+repage</a>, to remove if it
				2393	is unwanted. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2394
				2395	<p>You can alternatively specify a special "<kbd><a href="#set" >-set</a>
				2396	option:distort:viewport {geometry_string}</kbd>" setting which will specify
				2397	the size and the offset of the generated 'viewport' image of the distorted
				2398	image space.</p>
				2399
				2400	<p>Adding a "<kbd><a href="#set" >-set</a> option:distort:scale
				2401	{scale_factor}</kbd>" will scale the output image (viewport or otherwise) by
				2402	that factor without changing the viewed contents of the distorted image. This
				2403	can be used either for 'super-sampling' the image for a higher quality result,
				2404	or for panning and zooming around the image (with appropriate viewport
				2405	changes, or post-distort cropping and resizing). </p>
				2406
				2407	<p>Setting <a href="#verbose" >-verbose</a> setting, will cause <a
				2408	href="#distort" >-distort</a> to attempt to output the internal coefficients,
				2409	and the <a href="#fx" >-fx</a> equivalent to the distortion, for expert study,
				2410	and debugging purposes. This many not be available for all distorts. </p>
				2411
				2412	<p>Affine rotations and shears (such as '<kbd>SRT</kbd>' distortion), tend to
				2413	produce a cleaner result that the equivalent <a href="#rotate" >-rotate</a>
				2414	and/or <a href="#shear" >-shear</a> operation, with more control of due to the
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2415	above settings. It is algorithmically slower however, though that may not be
				2416	the case in ImageMagick's implementation. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2417
				2418
				2419	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2420	<h4><a id="dither"></a>-dither <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2421	</div>
				2422
				2423	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a Riemersma or Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion dither to images when general color reduction is applied via an option, or automagically when saving to specific formats. This enabled by default. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2424
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2425	<p>Dithering places two or more colors in neighboring pixels so that to the eye a closer approximation of the images original color is reproduced. This reduces the number of colors needed to reproduce the image but at the cost of a lower level pattern of colors. Error diffusion dithers can use any set of colors (generated or user defined) to an image. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2426
				2427	<p>Dithering is turned on by default, to turn it off use the plus form of the
				2428	setting, <a href="#dither">+dither</a>. This will also also render PostScript
				2429	without text or graphic aliasing. Disabling dithering often (but not always)
				2430	leads to faster process, a smaller number of colors, but more cartoon like
				2431	image coloring. Generally resulting in 'color banding' effects in areas with
				2432	color gradients. </p>
				2433
				2434	<p>The color reduction operators <a href="#colors">-colors</a>, <a
				2435	href="#monochrome">-monochrome</a>, <a href="#remap ">-remap</a>, and <a href="#posterize">-posterize</a>, apply dithering to images using the reduced color set they created. These operators are also used as part of automatic color reduction when saving images to formats with limited color support, such as <kbd>GIF:</kbd>, <kbd>XBM:</kbd>, and others, so dithering may also be used in these cases. </p>
				2436
				2437	<p>Alternatively you can use <a href="#random-threshold">-random-threshold</a> to generate purely random dither. Or use <a href="#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a> to apply threshold mapped dither patterns, using uniform color maps, rather than specific color maps. </p>
				2438
				2439
				2440	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2441	<h4><a id="draw"></a>-draw <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2442	</div>
				2443
				2444	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Annotate an image with one or more graphic primitives.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2445
				2446	<p>Use this option to annotate or decorate an image with one or more graphic primitives. The primitives include shapes, text, transformations, and pixel operations.</p>
				2447
				2448	<p>The shape primitives:</p>
				2449
				2450	<pre class="text">
				2451	point x,y
				2452	line x0,y0 x1,y1
				2453	rectangle x0,y0 x1,y1
				2454	roundRectangle x0,y0 x1,y1 wc,hc
				2455	arc x0,y0 x1,y1 a0,a1
				2456	ellipse x0,y0 rx,ry a0,a1
				2457	circle x0,y0 x1,y1
				2458	polyline x0,y0 ... xn,yn
				2459	polygon x0,y0 ... xn,yn
				2460	bezier x0,y0 ... xn,yn
				2461	path path specification
				2462	image operator x0,y0 w,h filename
				2463	</pre>
				2464
				2465	<p>The text primitive:</p>
				2466
				2467	<pre class="text">
				2468	text x0,y0 string
				2469	</pre>
				2470	<p>The text gravity primitive:</p>
				2471
				2472	<pre class="text">
				2473	gravity NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center,
				2474	East, SouthWest, South, or SouthEast
				2475	</pre>
				2476
				2477	<p>The text gravity primitive only affects the placement of text and does not interact with the other primitives. It is equivalent to using the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> command-line option, except that it is limited in scope to the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option in which it appears.</p>
				2478
				2479	<p>The transformation primitives:</p>
				2480
				2481	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2482	rotate degrees
				2483	translate dx,dy
				2484	scale sx,sy
				2485	skewX degrees
				2486	skewY degrees
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2487	</pre>
				2488
				2489	<p>The pixel operation primitives:</p>
				2490
				2491	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2492	color x0,y0 method
				2493	matte x0,y0 method
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2494	</pre>
				2495
				2496	<p>The shape primitives are drawn in the color specified by the preceding <a href="#fill">-fill</a> setting. For unfilled shapes, use <a href="#fill">-fill none</a>. You can optionally control the stroke (the "outline" of a shape) with the <a href="#stroke">-stroke</a> and <a href="#strokewidth">-strokewidth</a> settings.</p>
				2497
				2498	<p>A <kbd>point</kbd> primitive is specified by a single <em>point</em> in the pixel plane, that is, by an ordered pair of integer coordinates, <em>x</em>,<em>y</em>. (As it involves only a single pixel, a <kbd>point</kbd> primitive is not affected by <a href="#stroke">-stroke</a> or <a href="#strokewidth">-strokewidth</a>.)</p>
				2499
				2500	<p>A <kbd>line</kbd> primitive requires a start point and end point.</p>
				2501
				2502	<p>A <kbd>rectangle</kbd> primitive is specified by the pair of points at the upper left and lower right corners.</p>
				2503
				2504	<p>A <kbd>roundRectangle</kbd> primitive takes the same corner points as a <kbd>rectangle</kbd> followed by the width and height of the rounded corners to be removed.</p>
				2505
				2506	<p>The <kbd>circle</kbd> primitive makes a disk (filled) or circle (unfilled). Give the center and any point on the perimeter (boundary).</p>
				2507
				2508	<p>The <kbd>arc</kbd> primitive is used to inscribe an elliptical segment in to a given rectangle. An <kbd>arc</kbd> requires the two corners used for <kbd>rectangle</kbd> (see above) followed by the start and end angles of the arc of the segment segment (e.g. 130,30 200,100 45,90). The start and end points produced are then joined with a line segment and the resulting segment of an ellipse is filled.</p>
				2509
				2510	<p>Use <kbd>ellipse</kbd> to draw a partial (or whole) ellipse. Give the center point, the horizontal and vertical "radii" (the <em>semi-axes</em> of the ellipse) and start and end angles in degrees (e.g. 100,100 100,150 0,360).</p>
				2511
				2512	<p>The <kbd>polyline</kbd> and <kbd>polygon</kbd> primitives require three or more points to define their perimeters. A <kbd>polyline</kbd> is simply a <kbd>polygon</kbd> in which the final point is not stroked to the start point. When unfilled, this is a <em>polygonal line</em>. If the <a href="#stroke">-stroke</a> setting is <kbd>none</kbd> (the default), then a <kbd>polyline</kbd> is identical to a <kbd>polygon</kbd>.
				2513	</p>
				2514
				2515	<p>A <em>coordinate</em> is a pair of integers separated by a space or optional comma. </p>
				2516
				2517	<p>As an example, to define a circle centered at 100,100 that extends to 150,150 use:</p>
				2518
				2519	<p class="crtsnip">
				2520	-draw 'circle 100,100 150,150'
				2521	</p>
				2522
				2523	<p>The <kbd>Bezier</kbd> primitive creates a spline curve and requires three or points to define its shape. The first and last points are the <em>knots</em> and these points are attained by the curve, while any intermediate coordinates are <em>control points</em>. If two control points are specified, the line between each end knot and its sequentially respective control point determines the tangent direction of the curve at that end. If one control point is specified, the lines from the end knots to the one control point determines the tangent directions of the curve at each end. If more than two control points are specified, then the additional control points act in combination to determine the intermediate shape of the curve. In order to
				2524	draw complex curves, it is highly recommended either to use the <kbd>path</kbd> primitive or to draw multiple four-point bezier segments with the start and end knots of each successive segment repeated. For example:</p>
				2525
				2526	<p class="crtsnip">
				2527	-draw 'bezier 20,50 45,100 45,0 70,50'
				2528	</p>
				2529	<p class="crtsnip">
				2530	-draw 'bezier 70,50 95,100 95,0 120,50'
				2531	</p>
				2532
				2533
				2534	<p>A <kbd>path</kbd> represents an outline of an object, defined in terms of moveto (set a new current point), lineto (draw a straight line), curveto (draw a Bezier curve), arc (elliptical or circular arc) and closepath (close the current shape by drawing a line to the last moveto) elements. Compound paths (i.e., a path with subpaths, each consisting of a single moveto followed by one or more line or curve operations) are possible to allow effects such as <em>donut holes</em> in objects. (See <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/paths.html">Paths</a>.)</p>
				2535
				2536	<p>Use <kbd>image</kbd> to composite an image with another image. Follow the image keyword with the composite operator, image location, image size, and filename:</p>
				2537
				2538	<p class="crtsnip">
				2539	-draw 'image SrcOver 100,100 225,225 image.jpg'
				2540	</p>
				2541
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2542	<p>You can use 0,0 for the image size, which means to use the actual
				2543	dimensions found in the image header. Otherwise, it is scaled to the given
				2544	dimensions. See <a href="../www/compose.html">Alpha Compositing</a> for
				2545	a detailed discussion of alpha composition methods that are available. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2546
				2547	<p>Use <kbd>text</kbd> to annotate an image with text. Follow the text coordinates with a string. If the string has embedded spaces, enclose it in single or double quotes.</p>
				2548
				2549	<p>For example, the following annotates the image with <kbd>Works like magick!</kbd> for an image titled <kbd>bird.miff</kbd>. </p>
				2550
				2551	<p class="crtsnip">
				2552	-draw 'text 100,100 "Works like magick!"'
				2553	</p>
				2554
				2555	<p>See the <a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> option for another convenient way to annotate an image with text.</p>
				2556
				2557	<p>The <kbd>rotate</kbd> primitive rotates subsequent shape primitives and text primitives about the origin of the main image. If the <a href="#region">-region</a> option precedes the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option, the origin for transformations is the upper left corner of the region.</p>
				2558
				2559	<p>The <kbd>translate</kbd> primitive translates subsequent shape and text primitives.</p>
				2560
				2561	<p>The <kbd>scale</kbd> primitive scales them.</p>
				2562
				2563	<p>The <kbd>skewX</kbd> and <kbd>skewY</kbd> primitives skew them with respect to the origin of the main image or the region.</p>
				2564
				2565	<p>The transformations modify the current affine matrix, which is initialized from the initial affine matrix defined by the <a href="#affine">-affine</a> option. Transformations are cumulative within the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option. The initial affine matrix is not affected; that matrix is only changed by the appearance of another <a href="#affine">-affine</a> option. If another <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option appears, the current affine matrix is reinitialized from the initial affine
				2566	matrix.</p>
				2567
				2568	<p>Use the <kbd>color</kbd> primitive to change the color of a pixel to the fill color (see <a href="#fill">-fill</a>). Follow the pixel coordinate with a method:</p>
				2569
				2570	<pre class="text">
				2571	point
				2572	replace
				2573	floodfill
				2574	filltoborder
				2575	reset
				2576	</pre>
				2577
				2578	<p>Consider the target pixel as that specified by your coordinate. The <kbd>point</kbd> method recolors the target pixel. The <kbd>replace</kbd> method recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel. <kbd>Floodfill</kbd> recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel and is a neighbor, whereas <kbd>filltoborder</kbd> recolors any neighbor pixel that is not the border color. Finally, <kbd>reset</kbd> recolors all pixels.</p>
				2579
				2580	<p>Use <kbd>matte</kbd> to the change the pixel matte value to transparent. Follow the pixel coordinate with a method (see the <kbd>color</kbd> primitive for a description of methods). The <kbd>point</kbd> method changes the matte value of the target pixel. The <kbd>replace</kbd> method changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel. <kbd>Floodfill</kbd> changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel and is a neighbor, whereas <kbd>filltoborder</kbd> changes the matte value of any neighbor pixel that is not the border color (<a href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a>). Finally <kbd>reset</kbd> changes the matte value of all pixels.</p>
				2581
				2582	<p>You can set the primitive color, font, and font bounding box color with <a href="#fill">-fill</a>, <a href="#font">-font</a>, and <a href="#box">-box</a> respectively. Options are processed in command line order so be sure to use these options <em>before</em> the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option.</p>
				2583
				2584	<p>Strings that begin with a number must be quoted (e.g. use '1.png' rather than 1.png).</p>
				2585
				2586	<p>Drawing primitives conform to the <a href="../www/magick-vector-graphics.html">Magick Vector Graphics</a> format.</p>
				2587
cristy	8b9dd95	2011-03-21 22:56:18 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2588	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	323f35b	2011-03-24 23:05:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2589	<h4><a id="duplicate"></a>-duplicate <em class="arg">count,indexes</em></h4>
cristy	8b9dd95	2011-03-21 22:56:18 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2590	</div>
				2591
cristy	323f35b	2011-03-24 23:05:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2592	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>duplicate an image one or more times.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	8b9dd95	2011-03-21 22:56:18 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2593
cristy	323f35b	2011-03-24 23:05:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2594	<p>Specify the count and the image to duplicate by its index in the sequence. The first image is index 0. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the sequence, for example, -1 represents the last image of the sequence. Specify a range of images with a dash (e.g. 0-4). Separate indexes with a comma (e.g. 0,2). Use <kbd>+duplicate</kbd> to duplicate the last image in the current image sequence.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2595
				2596	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2597	<h4><a id="edge"></a>-edge <em class="arg">radius</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2598	</div>
				2599
				2600	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>detect edges within an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2601
				2602	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2603	<h4><a id="emboss"></a>-emboss <em class="arg">radius</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2604	</div>
				2605
				2606	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>emboss an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2607
				2608	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2609	<h4><a id="encipher"></a>-encipher <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2610	</div>
				2611
				2612	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Encipher pixels for later deciphering by <a href="#decipher">-decipher</a>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2613
				2614	<p>Get the passphrase from the file specified by <em class="arg">filename</em>.</p>
				2615
				2616	<p>For more information, see the webpage, <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/www/cipher.html">ImageMagick: Encipher or Decipher an Image</a>.</p>
				2617
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2618
				2619
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2620	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2621	<h4><a id="encoding"></a>-encoding <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2622	</div>
				2623
				2624	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the text encoding.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2625
				2626	<p>Choose from <kbd>AdobeCustom</kbd>, <kbd>AdobeExpert</kbd>, <kbd>AdobeStandard</kbd>, <kbd>AppleRoman</kbd>, <kbd>BIG5</kbd>, <kbd>GB2312</kbd>, <kbd>Latin 2</kbd>, <kbd>None</kbd>, <kbd>SJIScode</kbd>, <kbd>Symbol</kbd>, <kbd>Unicode</kbd>, <kbd>Wansung</kbd>.</p>
				2627
				2628	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2629	<h4><a id="endian"></a>-endian <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2630	</div>
				2631
				2632	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify endianness (<kbd>MSB</kbd> or <kbd>LSB</kbd>) of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2633
				2634	<p>To print a complete list of endian types, use the <a href="#list">-list endian</a> option.</p>
				2635
				2636	<p>Use <a href="#endian">+endian</a> to revert to unspecified endianness.</p>
				2637
				2638
				2639	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2640	<h4><a id="enhance"></a>-enhance</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2641	</div>
				2642
				2643	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a digital filter to enhance a noisy image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2644
				2645
				2646	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2647	<h4><a id="equalize"></a>-equalize</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2648	</div>
				2649
				2650	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>perform histogram equalization on the image channel-by-channel.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2651
				2652	<p>To perform histogram equalization on all channels in concert, transform the image into some other color space, such as HSL, OHTA, YIQ or YUV, then equalize the appropriate intensity-like channel, then convert back to RGB.</p>
				2653
				2654	<p>For example using HSL, we have: ... <kbd>-colorspace HSL -channel lightness -equalize -colorspace RGB</kbd> ...</p>
				2655
				2656	<p>For YIQ, YUV and OHTA use the red channel. For example, OHTA is a principal components transformation that puts most of the information in the first channel. Here we have ... <kbd>-colorspace OHTA -channel red -equalize -colorspace RGB</kbd> ...</p>
				2657
				2658	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2659	<h4><a id="evaluate"></a>-evaluate <em class="arg">operator value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2660	</div>
				2661
				2662	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Alter channel pixels by evaluating an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2663
				2664	<p>(See the <a href="#function" >-function</a> operator for some multi-parameter functions. See the <a href="#fx" >-fx</a> operator if more elaborate calculations are needed.)</p>
				2665
				2666	<p>The behaviors of each <em class="arg">operator</em> are summarized in the following list. For brevity, the numerical value of a "pixel" referred to below is the value of the corresponding channel of that pixel, while a "normalized pixel" is that number divided by the maximum (installation-dependent) value <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>. (If normalized pixels are used, they are restored, following the other calculations, to the full range by multiplying by <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.)</p>
				2667
				2668	<table class="doc">
				2669	<col width="25%" />
				2670	<col width="75%" />
				2671	<thead>
				2672	<tr>
				2673	<th><em class="arg">operator</em></th>
				2674	<th>Summary (see further below for details)</th>
				2675	</tr>
				2676	</thead>
				2677	<tbody>
				2678
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2679	<tr><td>Abs </td> <td>Add <em class="arg">value</em> to pixels and return absolute value. </td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2680	<tr><td>Add </td> <td>Add <em class="arg">value</em> to pixels. </td></tr>
				2681	<tr><td>AddModulus </td> <td>Add <em class="arg">value</em> to pixels modulo <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.</td></tr>
				2682	<tr><td>And </td> <td>Binary AND of pixels with <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2683	<tr><td>Cos, Cosine </td> <td>Apply cosine to pixels with frequency <em class="arg">value</em> with 50% bias added.</td></tr>
				2684	<tr><td>Divide </td> <td>Divide pixels by <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
cristy	5063d81	2010-10-19 16:28:10 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2685	<tr><td>Exp </td> <td>base-e exponential function</td></tr>
				2686	<tr><td>Exponential </td> <td>base-e exponential function</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2687	<tr><td>LeftShift </td> <td>Shift the pixel values left by <em class="arg">value</em> bits (i.e., multiply pixels by 2<sup><em class="arg">value</em></sup>).</td></tr>
				2688	<tr><td>Log </td> <td>Apply scaled logarithm to normalized pixels.</td></tr>
				2689	<tr><td>Max </td> <td>Clip pixels at lower bound <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
cristy	63fed27	2010-03-07 19:08:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2690	<tr><td>Mean </td> <td>Add the <em class="arg">value</em> and divide by 2.</td></tr>
cristy	61365ad	2010-11-28 02:38:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2691	<tr><td>Median </td> <td>Choose the median value from an image sequence.</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2692	<tr><td>Min </td> <td>Clip pixels at upper bound <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2693	<tr><td>Multiply </td> <td>Multiply pixels by <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2694	<tr><td>Or </td> <td>Binary OR of pixels with <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2695	<tr><td>Pow </td> <td>Raise normalized pixels to the power <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2696	<tr><td>RightShift </td> <td>Shift the pixel values right by <em class="arg">value</em> bits (i.e., divide pixels by 2<sup><em class="arg">value</em></sup>).</td></tr>
				2697	<tr><td>Set </td> <td>Set pixel equal to <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2698	<tr><td>Sin, Sine </td> <td>Apply sine to pixels with frequency <em class="arg">value</em> with 50% bias added.</td></tr>
				2699	<tr><td>Subtract </td> <td>Subtract <em class="arg">value</em> from pixels.</td></tr>
				2700	<tr><td>Xor </td> <td>Binary XOR of pixels with <em class="arg">value.</em></td></tr>
				2701
				2702	<tr><td> </td></tr>
				2703
				2704	<tr><td>Gaussian-noise</td></tr>
				2705	<tr><td>Impulse-noise</td></tr>
				2706	<tr><td>Laplacian-noise</td></tr>
				2707	<tr><td>Multiplicative-noise</td> <td>(These are equivalent to the corresponding <a href="#noise" >-noise</a> operators.)</td></tr>
				2708	<tr><td>PoissonNoise</td></tr>
				2709	<tr><td>Uniform-noise</td></tr>
				2710
				2711	<tr><td> </td></tr>
				2712
				2713	<tr><td>Threshold </td> <td>Threshold pixels larger than <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2714	<tr><td>ThresholdBlack </td> <td>Threshold pixels to zero values equal to or below <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2715	<tr><td>ThresholdWhite </td> <td>Threshold pixels to maximum values above <em class="arg">value</em>. </td></tr>
				2716	</tbody>
				2717	</table>
				2718
				2719	<p>The specified functions are applied only to each previously set <a
				2720	href="#channel" >-channel</a> in the image. If necessary, the results of the
				2721	calculations are truncated (clipped) to fit in the interval [0, <em
				2722	class="QR">QuantumRange</em>]. The transparency channel of the image is
				2723	represented as a 'alpha' values (0 = fully transparent), so, for example, a
				2724	<kbd>Divide</kbd> by 2 of the alpha channel will make the image
				2725	semi-transparent. Append the percent symbol '<kbd>%</kbd>' to specify a value
				2726	as a percentage of the <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.</p>
				2727
				2728	<p>To print a complete list of <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operators, use
				2729	<a href="#list">-list evaluate</a>.</p>
				2730
				2731	<p>The results of the <kbd>Add</kbd>, <kbd>Subtract</kbd> and
				2732	<kbd>Multiply</kbd> methods can also be achieved using either the <a
				2733	href="#level" >-level</a> or the <a href="#level" >+level</a> operator, with
				2734	appropriate argument, to linearly modify the overall range of color values.
				2735	Please note, however, that <a href="#level" >-level</a> treats transparency as
				2736	'matte' values (0 = opaque), while <a href="#level" >-evaluate</a> works with
				2737	'alpha' values.</p>
				2738
				2739	<p><kbd>AddModulus</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.8-4 and provides addition modulo the <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>. It is therefore equivalent to <kbd>Add</kbd> unless the resulting pixel value is outside the interval [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>]. </p>
				2740
cristy	ce66ab1	2010-10-21 23:36:32 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2741	<p><kbd>Exp or Exponential</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.6.5-1 and works on normalized pixel values. The <em class="arg">value</em> used with <kbd>Exp</kbd> should be negative so as to produce a decaying exponential function. Non-negative values will always produce results larger unity and thus outside the interval [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>]. The formula is expressed below. </p>
				2742
				2743	<div style="text-align:center;">
				2744	exp(<em class="arg">value</em> × <b><em>u</em></b>)
				2745	</div>
				2746
				2747	<p> If the input image is squared, for example, using <a
				2748	href="#-function" >-function polynomial "2 0 0"</a>, then a decaying Gaussian function will be the result.</p>
				2749
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2750	<p><kbd>Log</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.2-1 and works on normalized pixel values. This a <em>scaled</em> log function. The <em class="arg">value</em> used with <kbd>Log</kbd> provides a <em>scaling factor</em> that adjusts the curvature in the graph of the log function. The formula applied to a normalized value <b><em>u</em></b> is below. </p>
				2751
				2752	<div style="text-align:center;">
				2753	log(<em class="arg">value</em> × <b><em>u</em></b> + 1) / log(<em class="arg">value</em> + 1)
				2754	</div>
				2755
				2756	<p><kbd>Pow</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.1-9, and works on
				2757	normalized pixel values. Note that <kbd>Pow</kbd> is related to the <a
				2758	href="#gamma" >-gamma</a> operator. For example, <b>-gamma 2</b> is equivalent
				2759	to <b>-evaluate pow 0.5</b>, i.e., a 'square root' function. The value used
				2760	with <a href="#gamma" >-gamma</a> is simply the reciprocal of the value used
				2761	with <kbd>Pow</kbd>.</p>
				2762
				2763	<p><kbd>Cosine</kbd> and <kbd>Sine</kbd> was added as of IM v6.4.8-8 and
				2764	converts the image values into a value according to a (co)sine wave function.
				2765	The synonyms <kbd>Cos</kbd> and <kbd>Sin</kbd> may also be used. The output
				2766	is biased 50% and normalized by 50% so as to fit in the respective color value
				2767	range. The <em class="arg">value</em> scaling of the <em>period</em> of the
				2768	function (its frequency), and thus determines the number of 'waves' that will
				2769	be generated over the input color range. For example, if the <em
				2770	class="arg">value</em> is 1, the effective period is simply the <em
				2771	class="QR">QuantumRange</em>; but if the <em class="arg">value</em> is 2,
				2772	then the effective period is the <em>half</em> the <em
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2773	class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2774
				2775	<div style="text-align:center;">
				2776	0.5 + 0.5 × cos(2 π <b><em>u</em></b> × <em class="arg">value</em>).
				2777	</div>
				2778
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2779	<p>See also the <a href="#function" >-function</a> operator, which is a
				2780	multi-value version of evaluate. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2781
cristy	63fed27	2010-03-07 19:08:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2782	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2783	<h4><a id="evaluate-sequence"></a>-evaluate-sequence <em class="arg">operator</em></h4>
cristy	63fed27	2010-03-07 19:08:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2784	</div>
				2785
				2786	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Alter channel pixels by evaluating an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression over a sequence of images.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2787
				2788	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2789	<h4><a id="extent"></a>-extent <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2790	</div>
				2791
				2792	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the image size and offset.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2793
cristy	3e2860c	2010-01-24 01:36:30 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2794	<p>If the image is enlarged, unfilled areas are set to the background color. To position the image, use offsets in the <em class="arg">geometry</em> specification or precede with a <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting. To specify how to compose the image with the background, use <a href="#compose" >-compose</a>.</p>
cristy	549177c	2010-11-11 13:51:21 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2795	<p>This command reduces or expands a JPEG image to fit on an 800x600
				2796	display. If the aspect ratio of the input image isn't exactly 4:3, then the
				2797	image is centered on an 800x600 black canvas: </p>
				2798
				2799	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert input.jpg -resize 800x600 -background black -compose Copy \ <br /> -gravity center -extent 800x600 -quality 92 output.jpg</span></p>
				2800
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2801
				2802	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				2803
				2804	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2805	<h4><a id="extract"></a>-extract <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2806	</div>
				2807
				2808	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Extract the specified area from image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2809
				2810	<p>This option is most useful for extracting a subregion of a very large raw image. Note that these two commands are equivalent:</p>
				2811
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2812	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -extract 640x480+1280+960 \ <br/> image.rgb image.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 'image.rgb[640x480+1280+960]' \ <br/> image.rgb image.png</span></p><p>If you omit the offsets, as in</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2813
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2814	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -extract 640x480 \ <br/> image.rgb image.png</span></p>
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2815	<p>the image is <em>resized</em> to the specified dimensions instead,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2816	equivalent to:</p>
				2817
				2818	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -resize 640x480 image.rgb image.png</span></p>
				2819	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				2820
				2821	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2822	<h4><a id="family"></a>-family <em class="arg">fontFamily</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2823	</div>
				2824
				2825	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a font family for text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2826
				2827	<p>This setting suggests a font family that ImageMagick should try to use for rendering text. If the family can be found it is used; if not, a default font (e.g., "Arial") or a family known to be similar is substituted (e.g., "Courier" might be used if "System" is requested but not found).
				2828	</p>
				2829
				2830	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, <a href="#style">-style</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>.
				2831	</p>
				2832
				2833	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2834	<h4><a id="features"></a>-features <em class="arg">distance</em></h4>
cristy	7396d88	2010-01-27 02:37:56 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2835	</div>
				2836
				2837	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>display features for each channel in the image in each of four directions (horizontal, vertical, left and right diagonals) for the specified distance.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2838
				2839	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2840	<h4><a id="fft"></a>-fft</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2841	</div>
				2842
				2843	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>implements the forward discrete Fourier transform (DFT).</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2844
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2845	<p>This option is new as of ImageMagick 6.5.4-3 (and now working for Windows users in ImageMagick 6.6.0-9). It transforms an image from the normal (spatial) domain to the frequency domain. In the frequency domain, an image is represented as a superposition of complex sinusoidal waves of varying amplitudes. The image x and y coordinates are the possible frequencies along the x and y directions, respectively, and the pixel intensity values are complex numbers that correspond to the sinusoidal wave amplitudes. See for example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform">Fourier Transform</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFT">Discrete Fourier Transform</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFT">Fast Fourier Transform</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2846
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2847	<p>A single image name is provided as output for this option. However, the output result will have two components. It is either a two-frame image or two separate images, depending upon whether the image format specified supports multi-frame images. The reason that we get a dual output result is because the frequency domain represents an image using complex numbers, which cannot be visualized directly. Therefore, the complex values are automagically separated into a two-component image representation. The first component is the magnitude of the complex number and the second is the phase of the complex number. See for example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_numbers">Complex Numbers</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2848
				2849	<p>The magnitude and phase component images must be specified using image formats that do not limit the color or compress the image. Thus, MIFF, TIF, PFM, EXR and PNG are the recommended image formats to use. All of these formats, except PNG support multi-frame images. So for example,</p>
				2850
				2851	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -fft fft_image.miff</span></p>
				2852	<p>generates a magnitude image as <kbd>fft_image.miff[0]</kbd> and a phase image as <kbd>fft_image.miff[1]</kbd>. Similarly,</p>
				2853
				2854	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -fft fft_image.png</span></p>
				2855	<p>generates a magnitude image as <kbd>fft_image-0.png</kbd> and a phase image as <kbd>fft_image-1.png</kbd>. If you prefer this representation, then you can force any of the other formats to produce two output images by including <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> following -fft in the command line.</p>
				2856
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2857	<p>The input image can be any size, but if not square and even-dimensioned, it is padded automagically to the larger of the width or height of the input image and to an even number of pixels. The padding will occur at the bottom and/or right sides of the input image. The resulting output magnitude and phase images is square at this size. The kind of padding relies on the <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2858
				2859	<p>Both output components will have dynamic ranges that fit within [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>], so that HDRI need not be enabled. Phase values nominally range from 0 to 2*π, but for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick, the phase image is scaled to span the full dynamic range. The magnitude image is not scaled and thus generally will contain very small values. As such, the image normally will appear totally black. In order to view any detail, the magnitude image typically is enhanced with a log function into what is usually called the spectrum. A log function is used to enhance the darker values more in comparison to the lighter values. This can be done, for example, as follows:</p>
				2860
				2861	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert fft_image.miff[0] -contrast-stretch 0 \ <br />
				2862	-evaluate log 1000 fft_image_spectrum.png</span></p>
				2863	<p>where the <a href="#contrast-stretch">-contrast-stretch</a> 0 is used to scale the image to full dynamic range, first. The argument to the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> log typically is specified between 100 and 10,000, depending upon the amount of detail that one wants to bring out in the spectrum. Larger values produce more visible detail. Too much detail, however, may hide the important features.</p>
				2864
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2865	<p>The <a href="http://www.fftw.org/">FFTW</a> delegate library is required to use <a href="#fft">-fft</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2866
				2867	<p>Use <a href="#fft">+fft</a> to produce two output images that are the real and imaginary components of the complex valued Fourier transform.</p>
				2868
				2869	<p>However, as the real and imaginary components can contain negative values, this requires that IM be configured with HDRI enabled. In this case, you must use either MIFF, TIF or PFM formats for the real and imaginary component results, since they are formats that preserve both negative and fractional values without clipping them or truncating the fractional part.</p>
				2870
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2871	<p>The real and imaginary component images resulting from <a href="#fft">+fft</a> is also square, even dimensioned images due to the same padding that was discussed above for the magnitude and phase component images.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2872
				2873	<p>See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page
cristy	4777498	2011-02-15 15:17:19 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2874	<a href="../www/high-dynamic-range.html">High Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri">Usage</a> pages or this <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a> entry.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2875	</p>
				2876
				2877
				2878	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2879	<h4><a id="fill"></a>-fill <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2880	</div>
				2881
				2882	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>color to use when filling a graphic primitive.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2883
				2884	<p>This option accepts a color name, a hex color, or a numerical RGB, RGBA, HSL, HSLA, CMYK, or CMYKA specification. See <a href="../www/color.html">Color Names</a> for a description of how to properly specify the color argument.</p>
				2885
				2886	<p>Enclose the color specification in quotation marks to prevent the "#" or the parentheses from being interpreted by your shell.</p>
				2887
				2888	<p>For example,</p>
				2889
				2890	<p class="crtsnip">
				2891	-fill blue
				2892	</p>
				2893	<p class="crtsnip">
				2894	-fill "#ddddff"
				2895	</p>
				2896	<p class="crtsnip">
				2897	-fill "rgb(255,255,255)"
				2898	</p>
				2899
				2900	<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				2901
				2902	<p>To print a complete list of color names, use the <a href="#list">-list color</a> option.</p>
				2903
				2904	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2905	<h4><a id="filter"></a>-filter <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2906	</div>
				2907
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2908	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Use this <em class="arg">type</em> of filter when resizing or
				2909	distorting an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2910
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2911	<p>Use this option to affect the resizing operation of an image during
				2912	operations such as <a href="#resize">-resize</a> and <a href="#distort"
				2913	>-distort</a>. For example you can use a simple resize filter such as:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2914
				2915	<pre class="text">
				2916	Point Hermite Cubic
				2917	Box Gaussian Catrom
				2918	Triangle Quadratic Mitchell
				2919	</pre>
				2920
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2921	<p>The <kbd>Bessel</kbd> and <kbd>Sinc</kbd> filter is also provided (as well
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2922	as a faster <kbd>SincFast</kbd> equivalent form). However these filters are
				2923	generally useless on their own as they are infinite filters that are being
				2924	clipped to the filters support size. Their direct use is not recommended
				2925	except via expert settings (see below). </p>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2926
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2927	<p>Instead these special filter functions are typically windowed by a windowing
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2928	function that the <a href="#filter" >-filter</a> setting defines. That is
				2929	using these functions will define a 'Windowed' filter, appropriate to the
				2930	operator involved. Windowed filters include: </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2931
				2932	<pre class="text">
				2933	Lanczos Hamming Parzen
				2934	Blackman Kaiser Welsh
				2935	Hanning Bartlett Bohman
				2936	</pre>
				2937
				2938	<p>Also one special self-windowing filter is also provided
				2939	<kbd>Lagrange</kbd>, which will automagically re-adjust its function depending
				2940	on the current 'support' or 'lobes' expert settings (see below).</p>
				2941
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2942	<p>If you do not select a filter with this option, the filter defaults to
				2943	<kbd>Mitchell</kbd> for a colormapped image, a image with a matte channel, or
				2944	if the image is enlarged. Otherwise the filter default to
				2945	<kbd>Lanczos</kbd>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2946
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2947	<p>To print a complete list of resize filters, use the <a href="#list">-list
				2948	filter</a> option.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2949
				2950	<p>You can modify how the filter behaves as it scales your image through the
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2951	use of these expert settings (see also <a href="#define" >-define</a> and <a
				2952	href="#set" >-set</a>):-</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2953
				2954	<dl class="doc">
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2955	<dt>-define filter:blur=<em>factor</em></dt>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2956	<dd>Scale the X axis of the filter (and its window). Use > 1.0 for
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2957	blurry or < 1.0 for sharp. This should only be used with Gaussian and
				2958	Gaussian-like filters simple filters, or you may not get the expected
				2959	results. </dd>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2960
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2961	<dt>-define filter:support=<em>radius</em></dt>
				2962	<dd>Set the filter support radius. Defines how large the filter should be and
				2963	thus directly defines how slow the filtered resampling process is. All
				2964	filters have a default 'prefered' support size. Some filters like
				2965	<kbd>Lagrange</kbd> and windowed filters adjust themselves depending on
				2966	this value. With simple filters this value either does nothing (but slow
				2967	the resampling), or will clip the filter function in a detrimental way.
				2968	</dd>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2969
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2970	<dt>-define filter:lobes=<em>count</em></dt>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2971	<dd>Set the number of lobes to use for the Sinc/Bessel filter. This an
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2972	alternative way of specifying the 'support' range of the filter, that is
				2973	designed to be more suited to windowed filters, especially when used for
				2974	image distorts.</dd>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2975
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2976	<dt>-define filter:b=<em>b-spline_factor</em></dt>
				2977	<dt>-define filter:c=<em>keys_alpha_factor</em></dt>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2978	<dd>Redefine the values used for cubic filters such as <kbd>Cubic</kbd>,
				2979	<kbd>Catrom</kbd>, <kbd>Mitchel</kbd>, and <kbd>Hermite</kbd>, as well as
				2980	the <kbd>Parzen</kbd> Sinc windowing function. If only one of the values
				2981	are defined, the other is set so as to generate a 'Keys' type cubic
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2982	filter. Values meaning was defined by a research paper by
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2983	Mitchell-Netravali.</dd>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2984
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2985	<dt>-define filter:filter=<em>filter_function</em></dt>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2986	<dd>Use this function directly as the scaling filter. This will allow
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2987	you to directly use a windowing filter such as <kbd>Blackman</kbd>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2988	rather than as its normal usage as a windowing function for 'Sinc' or
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2989	'Bessel' functions. If defined, no windowing function is used, unless the
				2990	following expert setting is also defined.</dd>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2991
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2992	<dt>-define filter:window=<em>filter_function</em></dt>
				2993	<dd>The IIR (infinite impulse response) filters <kbd>Bessel</kbd> and
				2994	<kbd>Sinc</kbd> are windowed (brought down to zero over the defined
				2995	support range) with the given filter. This allows you to specify a filter
				2996	function that is not normally used as a windowing function, such as
				2997	<kbd>Box</kbd>, (which effectively turns off the windowing function),
				2998	to window a <kbd>Sinc</kbd>, or the function the previous setting defined.
				2999	</dd>
				3000
				3001	<dt>-define filter:verbose=<em>1</em></dt>
				3002	<dd>This causes IM to print information on the final internal filter
				3003	selection to standard output. This includes a commented header on the
				3004	filter settings being used, and data allowing the filter weights to be
				3005	easily graphed. </dd>
				3006
				3007	<dd>Note however that some filters are internally defined in terms of other
				3008	filters. The <kbd>Lanczos</kbd> filter for example is defined in terms of
				3009	a <kbd>SincFast</kbd> windowed <kbd>SincFast</kbd> filter, while
				3010	<kbd>Mitchell</kbd> is defined as a <kbd>Cubic</kbd> filter with specific
				3011	'B' and 'C' settings. </dd>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3012
				3013	</dl>
				3014
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3015	<p>For example, to get a 8 lobe Bessel windowed Bessel filter:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3016
				3017	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -filter bessel \ <br/>
				3018	-set filter:window=bessel -set filter:lobes=8 \ <br/>
				3019	-resize 150% image.jpg</span></p>
				3020	<p>Or a raw un-windowed Sinc filter with 4 lobes:</p>
				3021
				3022	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -set filter:filter=sinc -set filter:lobes=4 \ <br/>
				3023	-resize 150% image.jpg</span></p>
				3024	<p>Note that the use of expert options (except for 'blur' with simple resize
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3025	filters, and 'verbose' for viewing the internal filter selection), are
				3026	provided for image processing experts who have studied and understood how
				3027	resize filters work. Without this knowledge, and an understanding of the
				3028	definition of the actual filters involved, using expert settings are more
				3029	likely to be detrimental to your image resizing.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3030
				3031
				3032	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3033	<h4><a id="flatten"></a>-flatten</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3034	</div>
				3035
				3036	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>This is a simple alias for the <a href="#layers" >-layers</a> method "flatten".</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3037
				3038
				3039	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3040	<h4><a id="flip"></a>-flip</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3041	</div>
				3042
				3043	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>create a <em>mirror image</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3044
				3045	<p>reflect the scanlines in the vertical direction.</p>
				3046
				3047	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3048	<h4><a id="floodfill"></a>-floodfill {<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em> <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3049	</div>
				3050
				3051	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>floodfill the image with color at the specified offset. Using <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> to floodfill pixels which only change by a small amount.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3052
				3053	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3054	<h4><a id="flop"></a>-flop</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3055	</div>
				3056
				3057	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>create a <em>mirror image</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3058
				3059	<p>reflect the scanlines in the horizontal direction.</p>
				3060
				3061
				3062	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3063	<h4><a id="font"></a>-font <em class="arg">name</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3064	</div>
				3065
				3066	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the font to use when annotating images with text, or creating labels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3067
				3068	<p>To print a complete list of fonts, use the <a href="#list">-list font</a> option (for versions prior to 6.3.6, use 'type' instead of 'font').</p>
				3069
				3070	<p>In addition to the fonts specified by the above pre-defined list, you can
				3071	also specify a font from a specific source. For example <kbd>Arial.ttf</kbd>
				3072	is a TrueType font file, <kbd>ps:helvetica</kbd> is PostScript font, and
				3073	<kbd>x:fixed</kbd> is X11 font.</p>
				3074
				3075	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, <a href="#style">-style</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
				3076
				3077
				3078	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3079	<h4><a id="foreground"></a>-foreground <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3080	</div>
				3081
				3082	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Define the foreground color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3083
				3084	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				3085
				3086	<p>The default foreground color is black.</p>
				3087
				3088	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3089	<h4><a id="format"></a>-format <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3090	</div>
				3091
				3092	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the image format type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3093
cristy	4777498	2011-02-15 15:17:19 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3094	<p>When used with the <kbd>mogrify</kbd> utility, this option converts any image to the image <a href="../www/formats.html">format</a> you specify. For a list of image format types supported by ImageMagick, use <a href="#list">-list format</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3095
				3096	<p>By default the file is written to its original name. However, if the filename extension matches a supported format, the extension is replaced with the image format type specified with <a href="#format">-format</a>. For example, if you specify <em class="arg">tiff</em> as the format type and the input image filename is <em class="arg">image.gif</em>, the output image filename becomes <em class="arg">image.tiff</em>.</p>
				3097
				3098	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3099	<h4><a id="format_identify_"></a>-format <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3100	</div>
				3101
				3102	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>output formatted image characteristics.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/identify.html">identify</a>]</td></tr></table>
				3103
				3104	<p>See <a href="../www/escape.html">Format and Print Image Properties</a> for an explanation on how to specify the argument to this option.</p>
				3105
				3106	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3107	<h4><a id="frame"></a>-frame <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3108	</div>
				3109
				3110	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Surround the image with a border or beveled frame.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3111
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3112	<p>The color of the border is specified with the <a href="#mattecolor"
				3113	>-mattecolor</a> command line option. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3114
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3115	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the <em
				3116	class="arg">geometry</em> argument indicates the amount of extra width and
				3117	height that is added to the dimensions of the image. If no offsets are given
				3118	in the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument, then the border added is
				3119	a solid color. Offsets <em>x</em> and <em>y</em>, if present, specify that
				3120	the width and height of the border is partitioned to form an outer bevel of
				3121	thickness <em>x</em> pixels and an inner bevel of thickness
				3122	<em>y</em> pixels. Negative offsets make no sense as frame arguments.
				3123	</p>
				3124
				3125	<p>The <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option is affected by the current <a
				3126	href="#compose">-compose</a> setting and assumes that this is using the default
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3127	'<kbd>Over</kbd>' composition method. It generates a image of the appropriate
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3128	size with the current <a href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting, and then
				3129	draws the frame of four distinct colors close to the current <a
				3130	href="#mattecolor">-mattecolor</a>. The original image is then overlaid onto
				3131	center of this image. This means that with the default compose method of
				3132	'<kbd>Over</kbd>' any transparent parts may be replaced by the current <a
				3133	href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
				3134
				3135	<p>The image composition is not
				3136	affected by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3137
				3138
				3139	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3140	<h4><a id="frame_import_"></a>-frame</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3141	</div>
				3142
				3143	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>include the X window frame in the imported image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/import.html">import</a>]</td></tr></table>
				3144
				3145	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3146	<h4><a id="function"></a>-function <em class="arg">function</em> <em class="arg">parameters</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3147	</div>
				3148
				3149	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a function to channel values.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3150
				3151	<p>This operator performs calculations based on the given arguments to modify each of the color values for each previously set <a href="#channel">-channel</a> in the image. See <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> for details concerning how the results of the calculations are handled.</p>
				3152
				3153	<p>This is can be considered a multi-argument version of the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator. (Added in ImageMagick 6.4.8−8.)</p>
				3154
				3155	<p>Here, <em class="arg">parameters</em> is a comma-separated list of numerical values. The number of values varies depending on which <em class="arg">function</em> is selected. Choose the <em class="arg">function</em> from:</p>
				3156
				3157	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3158	Polynomial
				3159	Sinusoid
				3160	Arcsin
				3161	Arctan
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3162	</pre>
				3163
				3164	<p>To print a complete list of <a href="#function">-function</a> operators, use <a href="#list">-list function</a>. Descriptions follow.</p>
				3165
				3166	<dl class="doc">
				3167	<dt><kbd>Polynomial</kbd></dt>
				3168	<dd>
				3169	<p>The <kbd>Polynomial</kbd> function takes an arbitrary number of parameters, these being the coefficients of a polynomial, in decreasing order of degree. That is, entering</p>
				3170
				3171	<div style="text-align: center">
				3172	-function Polynomial <em>a</em><sub><em>n</em></sub>,<em>a</em><sub><em>n</em>-1</sub>,...<em>a</em><sub>1</sub>,<em>a</em><sub>0</sub>
				3173	</div>
				3174
				3175	<p>will invoke a polynomial function given by</p>
				3176
				3177	<div style="text-align: center">
				3178	<em>a</em><sub><em>n</em></sub> <b><em>u</em></b><sup><em>n</em></sup> +
				3179	<em>a</em><sub><em>n</em>-1</sub> <b><em>u</em></b><sup><em>n</em>-1</sup> +
				3180	··· <em>a</em><sub>1</sub> <b><em>u</em></b> + <em>a</em><sub>0</sub>,
				3181	</div>
				3182
				3183	<p>where <b><em>u</em></b> is pixel's original normalized channel value.</p>
				3184
				3185	<p>The <kbd>Polynomial</kbd> function can be used in place of <kbd>Set</kbd> (the <em>constant</em> polynomial) and <kbd>Add</kbd>, <kbd>Divide</kbd>, <kbd>Multiply</kbd>, and <kbd>Subtract</kbd> (some <em>linear</em> polynomials) of the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator. The <a href="#level">-level</a> operator also affects channels linearly. Some correspondences follow.</p>
				3186
				3187	<table class="doc">
				3188	<col width="35%" />
				3189	<col width="35%" />
				3190	<col width="30%" />
				3191	<tr>
				3192	<td>-evaluate Set <em class="arg">value</em> </td>
				3193	<td>-function Polynomial <em class="arg">value</em></td>
				3194	<td>(Constant functions; set <em class="arg">value</em>×100% gray when channels are RGB.)</td>
				3195	</tr>
				3196	<tr>
				3197	<td>-evaluate Add <em class="arg">value</em> </td>
				3198	<td>-function Polynomial 1,<em class="arg">value</em></td>
				3199	</tr>
				3200	<tr>
				3201	<td>-evaluate Subtract <em class="arg">value</em> </td>
				3202	<td>-function Polynomial 1,−<em class="arg">value</em></td>
				3203	</tr>
				3204	<tr>
				3205	<td>-evaluate Multiply <em class="arg">value</em> </td>
				3206	<td>-function Polynomial <em class="arg">value</em>,0</td>
				3207	</tr>
				3208	<tr>
				3209	<td>+level black% x white%</td>
				3210	<td>-function Polynomial A,B</td>
				3211	<td>(Reduce contrast. Here, A=(white-black)/100 and B=black/100.)</td>
				3212	</tr>
				3213	</table>
				3214
				3215	<p>The <kbd>Polynomial</kbd> function gives great versatility, since polynomials can be used to fit any continuous curve to any degree of accuracy desired.</p>
				3216	</dd>
				3217
				3218	<dt><kbd>Sinusoid</kbd></dt>
				3219	<dd>
				3220	<p>The <kbd>Sinusoid</kbd> function can be used to vary the channel values sinusoidally by setting frequency, phase shift, amplitude, and a bias. These values are given as one to four parameters, as follows,</p>
				3221
				3222	<div style="text-align: center">
				3223	-function <kbd>Sinusoid</kbd> <em class="arg">freq</em>,[<em class="arg">phase</em>,[<em class="arg">amp</em>,[<em class="arg">bias</em>]]]
				3224	</div>
				3225
				3226	<p>where <em>phase</em> is in degrees. (The domain [0,1] of the function corresponds to 0 through <em class="arg">freq</em>×360 degrees.) The result is that if a pixel's normalized channel value is originally <b><em>u</em></b>, its resulting normalized value is given by </p>
				3227
				3228	<div style="text-align: center">
				3229	<em class="arg">amp</em> * sin(2π (<em class="arg">freq</em> * <b><em>u</em></b> + <em class="arg">phase</em> / 360)) + <em class="arg">bias</em>
				3230	</div>
				3231
				3232	<p> For example, the following generates a curve that starts and ends at 0.9 (when <b><em>u</em></b>=0 and 1, resp.), oscillating three times between .7−.2=.5 and .7+.2=.9. </p>
				3233
				3234	<p class="crtsnip">
				3235	-function Sinusoid 3,-90,.2,.7
				3236	</p>
				3237
				3238	<p>The default values of <em class="arg">amp</em> and <em class="arg">bias</em> are both .5. The default for <em class="arg">phase</em> is 0.</p>
				3239
				3240	<p>The <kbd>Sinusoid</kbd> function generalizes <kbd>Sin</kbd> and <kbd>Cos</kbd> of the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator by allowing varying amplitude, phase and bias. The correspondence is as follows.</p>
				3241
				3242	<table class="doc">
				3243	<tr>
				3244	<td>-evaluate Sin <em class="arg">freq</em> </td>
				3245	<td>-function Sinusoid <em class="arg">freq</em>,0 </td>
				3246	</tr>
				3247	<tr>
				3248	<td>-evaluate Cos <em class="arg">freq</em> </td>
				3249	<td>-function Sinusoid <em class="arg">freq</em>,90 </td>
				3250	</tr>
				3251	</table>
				3252	</dd>
				3253
				3254	<dt><kbd>ArcSin</kbd></dt>
				3255	<dd>
				3256	<p>The <kbd>ArcSin</kbd> function generates the inverse curve of a Sinusoid,
				3257	and can be used to generate cylindrical distortion and displacement maps.
				3258	The curve can be adjusted relative to both the input values and output range
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3259	of values.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3260
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3261	<p style="text-align: center">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3262	-function <kbd>ArcSin</kbd> <em class="arg">width</em>,[<em class="arg">center</em>,[<em class="arg">range</em>,[<em class="arg">bias</em>]]]
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3263	</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3264
				3265	<p>with all values given in terms of noramlize color values (0.0 for black,
				3266	1.0 for white). Defaulting to values covering the full range from 0.0 to 1.0
				3267	for bout input (<em class="arg">width</em>), and output (<em
				3268	class="arg">width</em>) values. '<code>1.0,0.5,1.0,0.5</code>' </p>
				3269
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3270	<p style="text-align: center">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3271	<em class="arg">range</em>/π * asin( 2/<em class="arg">width</em> * ( <b><em>u</em></b> - <em class="arg">center</em> ) ) + <em class="arg">bias</em>
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3272	</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3273
				3274	</dd>
				3275
				3276	<dt><kbd>ArcTan</kbd></dt>
				3277	<dd>
				3278	<p>The <kbd>ArcTan</kbd> function generates a curve that smooth crosses from
				3279	limit values at infinities, though a center using the given slope value.
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3280	All these values can be adjusted via the arguments.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3281
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3282	<p style="text-align: center">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3283	-function <kbd>ArcTan</kbd> <em class="arg">slope</em>,[<em class="arg">center</em>,[<em class="arg">range</em>,[<em class="arg">bias</em>]]]
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3284	</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3285
				3286	<p>Defaulting to '<code>1.0,0.5,1.0,0.5</code>'.
				3287	</p>
				3288
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3289	<p style="text-align: center">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3290	<em class="arg">range</em>/π * atan( <em class="arg">slope</em>π ( <b><em>u</em></b> - <em class="arg">center</em> ) ) + <em class="arg">bias</em>
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3291	</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3292
				3293	</dd>
				3294
				3295	</dl>
				3296
				3297
				3298	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3299	<h4><a id="fuzz"></a>-fuzz <em class="arg">distance</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3300	</div>
				3301
				3302	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Colors within this <em class="arg">distance</em> are considered equal.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3303
				3304	<p>A number of algorithms search for a target color. By default the color must be exact. Use this option to match colors that are close to the target color in RGB space. For example, if you want to automagically trim the edges of an image with <a href="#trim">-trim</a> but the image was scanned and the target background color may differ by a small amount. This option can account for these differences.</p>
				3305
				3306	<p>The <em class="arg">distance</em> can be in absolute intensity units or, by appending <kbd>%</kbd> as a percentage of the maximum possible intensity (255, 65535, or 4294967295).</p>
				3307
				3308
				3309	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3310	<h4><a id="fx"></a>-fx <em class="arg">expression</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3311	</div>
				3312
				3313	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a mathematical expression to an image or image channels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3314
				3315	<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">expression</em> is <kbd>@</kbd>, the expression is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string.</p>
				3316
				3317	<p>See <a href="../www/fx.html">FX, The Special Effects Image Operator</a> for a detailed discussion of this option.</p>
				3318
				3319
				3320	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3321	<h4><a id="gamma"></a>-gamma <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3322	</div>
				3323
				3324	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>level of gamma correction.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3325
				3326	<p>The same color image displayed on two different workstations may look different due to differences in the display monitor. Use gamma correction to adjust for this color difference. Reasonable values extend from <kbd>0.8</kbd> to <kbd>2.3</kbd>. Gamma less than 1.0 darkens the image and gamma greater than 1.0 lightens it. Large adjustments to image gamma may result in the loss of some image information if the pixel quantum size is only eight bits (quantum range 0 to 255).</p>
				3327
				3328	<p>Gamma adjusts the image's channel values pixel-by-pixel according to a power law, namely, pow(pixel,1/gamma) or pixel^(1/gamma), where pixel is the normalized or 0 to 1 color value. For example, using a value of gamma=2 is the same as taking the square root of the image.</p>
				3329
				3330	<p>You can apply separate gamma values to the red, green, and blue channels of the image with a gamma value list delimited with commas (e.g., <kbd>1.7,2.3,1.2</kbd>).</p>
				3331
				3332	<p>Use <a href="#gamma">+gamma <em class="arg">value</em></a> to set the image gamma level without actually adjusting the image pixels. This option is useful if the image is of a known gamma but not set as an image attribute (e.g. PNG images).</p>
				3333
				3334	<p>Note that gamma adjustments are also available via the <a href="#level">-level</a> operator.</p>
				3335
				3336	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3337	<h4><a id="gaussian-blur"></a>-gaussian-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-gaussian-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3338	</div>
				3339
				3340	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Blur the image with a Gaussian operator.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3341
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3342	<p>Convolve the image with a Gaussian or normal distribution using the given
				3343	<em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value. The formula is:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3344
				3345	<div class="eqn"><img alt="gaussian distribution" width="243px" height="42px" src="../images/gaussian-blur.png"/>
				3346	</div>
				3347
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3348	<p>The <em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value is the important argument, and
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3349	determines the actual amount of blurring that will take place. </p>
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3350
				3351	<p>The <em class="arg" >Radius</em> is only used to determine the size of the
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3352	array which will hold the calculated Gaussian distribution. It should be an
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3353	integer. If not given, or set to zero, IM will calculate the largest possible
cristy	b15553d	2010-07-03 22:53:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3354	radius that will provide meaningful results for the Gaussian distribution.
				3355	</p>
				3356
				3357	<p>The larger the <em class="arg" >Radius</em> the radius the slower the
				3358	operation is. However too small a <em class="arg" >Radius</em>, and sever
				3359	aliasing effects may result. As a guideline, <em class="arg" >Radius</em>
				3360	should be at least twice the <em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value, though three
				3361	times will produce a more accurite result. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3362
				3363	<p>This differs from the faster <a href="#blur">-blur</a> operator in that a
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3364	full 2-dimensional convolution is used to generate the weighted average of the
				3365	neighboring pixels. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3366
				3367	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				3368	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				3369	</p>
				3370
				3371
				3372	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3373	<h4><a id="geometry"></a>-geometry <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3374	</div>
				3375
				3376	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the preferred size and location of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3377
				3378	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				3379
				3380	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3381	<h4><a id="gravity"></a>-gravity <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3382	</div>
				3383
				3384	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Sets the current gravity suggestion for various other settings and options.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3385
				3386	<p>Choices include: <kbd>NorthWest</kbd>, <kbd>North</kbd>, <kbd>NorthEast</kbd>,
				3387	<kbd>West</kbd>, <kbd>Center</kbd>, <kbd>East</kbd>, <kbd>SouthWest</kbd>,
				3388	<kbd>South</kbd>, <kbd>SouthEast</kbd>. Use <a href="#list">-list gravity</a> to get a complete
				3389	list of <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> settings available in your ImageMagick
				3390	installation.</p>
				3391
				3392	<p>The direction you choose specifies where to position text or subimages. For example, a gravity of <kbd>Center</kbd> forces the text to be centered within the image. By default, the image gravity is <kbd>NorthWest</kbd>. See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for more details about graphic primitives. Only the text primitive of <a href="#draw">-draw</a> affected by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option.</p>
				3393
				3394	<p>The <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is also used in concert with the <a href="#geometry">-geometry</a> setting and other settings or options that take <em class="arg">geometry</em> as an argument, such as the <a href="#crop">-crop</a> option. </p>
				3395
				3396	<p>If a <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting occurs before another option or setting having a <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument that specifies an offset, the offset is usually applied to the point within the image suggested by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> argument. Thus, in the following command, for example, suppose the file <kbd>image.png</kbd> has dimensions 200x100. The offset specified by the argument to <a href="#region">-region</a> is (−40,+20). The argument to <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> is <kbd>Center</kbd>, which suggests the midpoint of the image, at the point (100,50). The offset (−40,20) is applied to that point, giving (100−40,50+20)=(60,70), so the specified 10x10 region is located at that point. (In addition, the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> affects the region itself, which is <em>centered</em> at the pixel coordinate (60,70). (See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.)</p>
				3397
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3398	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -gravity Center -region 10x10-40+20 \ <br/> -negate output.png</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3399	<p>When used as an option to <a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>, <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> gives the direction that the image gravitates within the composite.</p>
				3400
				3401	<p>When used as an option to <a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>, <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> gives the direction that an image gravitates within a tile. The default gravity is <kbd>Center</kbd> for this purpose.</p>
				3402
				3403
				3404	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3405	<h4><a id="green-primary"></a>-green-primary <em class="arg">x,y</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3406	</div>
				3407
				3408	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>green chromaticity primary point.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3409
				3410
				3411	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3412	<h4><a id="hald-clut"></a>-hald-clut</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3413	</div>
				3414
				3415	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a Hald color lookup table to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3416
				3417	<p>A Hald color lookup table is a 3-dimensional color cube mapped to 2
				3418	dimensions. Create it with the <kbd>HALD:</kbd> prefix (e.g. HALD:8). You
				3419	can apply any color transformation to the Hald image and then use this option
				3420	to apply the transform to the image. </p>
				3421
				3422	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png hald.png -hald-clut transform.png</span></p>
				3423	<p>This option provides a convenient method for you to use Gimp or Photoshop
				3424	to make color corrections to the Hald CLUT image and subsequently apply them
				3425	to multiple images using an ImageMagick script. </p>
				3426
				3427	<p>Note that the representation is only of the normal RGB color space and that
				3428	the whole color value triplet is used for the interpolated lookup of the
				3429	represented Hald color cube image. Because of this the operation is not <a
				3430	href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting effected, nor can it adjust or modify an
				3431	images transparency or alpha/matte channel.</p>
				3432
				3433	<p>See also <a href="#clut" >-clut</a> which provides color value replacement
				3434	of the individual color channels, usally involving a simplier gray-scale
				3435	image. E.g: gray-scale to color replacement, or modification by a histogram
				3436	mapping. </p>
				3437
				3438
				3439	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3440	<h4><a id="help"></a>-help</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3441	</div>
				3442
				3443	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>print usage instructions.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3444
				3445	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3446	<h4><a id="highlight-color"></a>-highlight-color <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3447	</div>
				3448
				3449	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>when comparing images, emphasize pixel differences with this color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3450
				3451	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3452	<h4><a id="iconGeometry"></a>-iconGeometry <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3453	</div>
				3454
				3455	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the icon geometry.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3456
				3457	<p>Offsets, if present in the geometry specification, are handled in the same manner as the <a href="#geometry">-geometry</a> option, using X11 style to handle negative offsets.</p>
				3458
				3459	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				3460
				3461	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3462	<h4><a id="iconic"></a>-iconic</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3463	</div>
				3464
				3465	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>iconic animation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3466
				3467	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3468	<h4><a id="identify"></a>-identify</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3469	</div>
				3470
				3471	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>identify the format and characteristics of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3472
				3473	<p>This information is printed: image scene number; image name; image size; the image class (<em class="arg">DirectClass</em> or <em class="arg">PseudoClass</em>); the total number of unique colors; and the number of seconds to read and transform the image. Refer to <a href="../www/miff.html">MIFF</a> for a description of the image class.</p>
				3474
cristy	4777498	2011-02-15 15:17:19 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3475	<p>If <a href="#colors">-colors</a> is also specified, the total unique colors in the image and color reduction error values are printed. Refer to <a href="../www/quantize.html">color reduction algorithm</a> for a description of these values.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3476
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3477	<p>If <a href="#verbose">-verbose</a> precedes this option, copious
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3478	amounts of image properties are displayed including image statistics, profiles,
				3479	image histogram, and others.</p>
				3480
				3481	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3482	<h4><a id="ift"></a>-ift</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3483	</div>
				3484
				3485	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>implements the inverse discrete Fourier transform (DFT).</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3486
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3487	<p>This option is new as of ImageMagick 6.5.4-3 (and now working for Windows users in ImageMagick 6.6.0-9). It transforms a pair of magnitude and phase images from the frequency domain to a single image in the normal or spatial domain. See for example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform">Fourier Transform</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFT">Discrete Fourier Transform</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFT">Fast Fourier Transform</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3488
				3489	<p>For example, depending upon the image format used to store the result of the <a href="#fft">-fft</a>, one would use either</p>
				3490
				3491	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert fft_image.miff -ift fft_image_ift.png</span></p>
				3492	<p>or</p>
				3493
				3494	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert fft_image-0.png fft_image-1.png -ift fft_image_ift.png</span></p>
				3495
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3496	<p>The resulting image may need to be cropped due to padding introduced when the original image, prior to the <a href="#fft">-fft</a> or <a href="#fft">+fft</a>, was not square or even dimensioned. Any padding is at the right and/or bottom sides of the image.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3497
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3498	<p>The <a href="http://www.fftw.org/">FFTW</a> delegate library is required to use <a href="#ift">-ift</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3499
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3500	<p>Use <a href="#ift">+ift</a> (with HDRI enabled) to transform a pair of real and imaginary images from the frequency domain to a single image in the normal (spatial) domain.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3501
				3502	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3503	<h4><a id="immutable"></a>-immutable</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3504	</div>
				3505
				3506	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>make image immutable.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3507
				3508	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3509	<h4><a id="implode"></a>-implode <em class="arg">factor</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3510	</div>
				3511
				3512	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>implode image pixels about the center.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3513
				3514	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3515	<h4><a id="insert"></a>-insert <em class="arg">index</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3516	</div>
				3517
				3518	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>insert the last image into the image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3519
				3520	<p>This option takes last image in the current image sequence and inserts it at the given index. If a negative index is used, the insert position is calculated before the last image is removed from the sequence. As such <kbd>-insert -1</kbd> will result in no change to the image sequence.</p>
				3521
				3522	<p>The <kbd>+insert</kbd> option is equivalent to <kbd>-insert -1</kbd>. In other words, insert the last image, at the end of the current image sequence. Consequently this has no effect on the image sequence order.</p>
				3523
				3524	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3525	<h4><a id="intent"></a>-intent <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3526	</div>
				3527
				3528	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>use this type of rendering intent when managing the image color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3529
				3530	<p>Use this option to affect the color management operation of an image (see <a href="#profile">-profile</a>). Choose from these intents: <kbd>Absolute, Perceptual, Relative, Saturation</kbd>.</p>
				3531
				3532	<p>The default intent is undefined.</p>
				3533
				3534	<p>To print a complete list of rendering intents, use <a href="#list">-list intent</a>.</p>
				3535
				3536	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3537	<h4><a id="interlace"></a>-interlace <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3538	</div>
				3539
				3540	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the type of interlacing scheme.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3541
				3542	<p>Choose from:</p>
				3543
				3544	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3545	none
				3546	line
				3547	plane
				3548	partition
				3549	JPEG
				3550	GIF
				3551	PNG
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3552	</pre>
				3553
				3554	<p>This option is used to specify the type of interlacing scheme for raw image formats such as <kbd>RGB</kbd> or <kbd>YUV</kbd>.</p>
				3555
				3556	<p><kbd>None</kbd> means do not interlace (RGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGB...),</p>
				3557
				3558	<p><kbd>Line</kbd> uses scanline interlacing (RRR...GGG...BBB...RRR...GGG...BBB...), and.</p>
				3559
				3560	<p><kbd>Plane</kbd> uses plane interlacing (RRRRRR...GGGGGG...BBBBBB...).</p>
				3561
				3562	<p><kbd>Partition</kbd> is like plane except the different planes are saved to individual files (e.g. image.R,
				3563	image.G, and image.B).</p>
				3564
				3565	<p>Use <kbd>Line</kbd> or <kbd>Plane</kbd> to create an <kbd>interlaced PNG</kbd> or <kbd>GIF</kbd> or <kbd>progressive JPEG</kbd>
				3566	image.</p>
				3567
				3568	<p>To print a complete list of interlacing schemes, use <a href="#list">-list interlace</a>.</p>
				3569
				3570	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3571	<h4><a id="interpolate"></a>-interpolate <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3572	</div>
				3573
				3574	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the pixel color interpolation method to use when looking up a color based on a floating point or real value.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3575
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3576	<p>When looking up the color of a pixel using a non-integer floating point
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3577	value, you typically fall in between the pixel colors defined by the source
				3578	image. This setting determines how the color is determined from the colors of
				3579	the pixels surrounding that point. That is how to determine the color of a
				3580	point that falls between two, or even four different colored pixels. </p>
				3581
				3582	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3583	integer The color of the top-left pixel (floor function)
				3584	nearest-neighbor The nearest pixel to the lookup point (rounded function)
				3585	average The average color of the surrounding four pixels
				3586	bilinear A double linear interpolation of pixels (the default)
				3587	mesh Divide area into two flat triangular interpolations
				3588	bicubic Fitted bicubic-spines of surrounding 16 pixels
				3589	spline Direct spline curves (colors are blurred)
				3590	filter Use resize <a href="#filter">-filter</a> settings
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3591	</pre>
				3592
				3593	<p>This most important for distortion operators such as <a href="#distort"
				3594	>-distort</a>, <a href="#implode" >-implode</a>, <a href="#transform"
				3595	>-transform</a> and <a href="#fx" >-fx</a>. </p>
				3596
				3597	<p>To print a complete list of interpolation methods, use <a href="#list">-list interpolate</a>.</p>
				3598
				3599	<p>See also <a href="#virtual-pixel" >-virtual-pixel</a>, for control of the
				3600	lookup for positions outside the boundaries of the image. </p>
				3601
				3602
				3603	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3604	<h4><a id="interline-spacing"></a>-interline-spacing <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	f3bb478	2009-09-08 13:10:04 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3605	</div>
				3606
				3607	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the space between two text lines.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3608
				3609	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3610	<h4><a id="interword-spacing"></a>-interword-spacing <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3611	</div>
				3612
				3613	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the space between two words.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3614
				3615	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3616	<h4><a id="kerning"></a>-kerning <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3617	</div>
				3618
				3619	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the space between two letters.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3620
				3621	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3622	<h4><a id="label"></a>-label <em class="arg">name</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3623	</div>
				3624
				3625	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>assign a label to an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3626
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3627	<p>Use this option to assign a specific label to the image, as it is read in
				3628	or created. You can use the <a href="#set" >-set</a> operation to re-assign
				3629	a the labels of images already read in. Image formats such as TIFF, PNG,
				3630	MIFF, supports saving the label information with the image.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3631
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3632	<p>When saving an image to a <em class="arg">PostScript</em> file, any label
				3633	assigned to an image is used as a header string to print above the postscript
				3634	image. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3635
cristy	bc9539a	2010-08-16 18:06:20 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3636	<p>You can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image
				3637	attribute by embedding special format character. See <a href="../www/escape.html">Format and Print Image
				3638	Properties</a> for details of the percent escape codes.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3639
				3640	<p>For example,</p>
				3641
				3642	<p class="crtsnip">
				3643	-label "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff
				3644	</p>
				3645
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3646	<p>assigns an image label of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> to the
				3647	"<kbd>bird.miff</kbd>" image and whose width is 512 and height is 480, as it
				3648	is read in. If a <a href="#label">+label</a> option was used instead, any
				3649	existing label present in the image would be used. You can remove all labels
				3650	from an image by assigning the empty string. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3651
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3652	<p>A label is not drawn on the image, but is embedded in the image datastream
				3653	via <em>Label</em> tag or similar mechanism. If you want the label to be
				3654	visible on the image itself, use the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option, or
				3655	during the final processing in the creation of a image montage.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3656
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3657	<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">string</em> is <em
				3658	class="arg">@</em>, the image label is read from a file titled by the
				3659	remaining characters in the string. Labels in a file are literal, no embedded
				3660	formatting characters are recognized.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3661
				3662
				3663	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3664	<h4><a id="lat"></a>-lat <em class="arg">width</em><br />-lat <em class="arg">width</em>x<em class="arg">height</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">offset</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3665	</div>
				3666
				3667	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>perform local adaptive threshold.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3668
				3669	<p>Adaptively threshold each pixel based on the value of pixels in a
				3670	surrounding window. If the current pixel is lighter than this average plus
				3671	the optional <kbd>offset</kbd>, then it is made white, otherwise it is made
				3672	black. Small variations in pixel values such as found in scanned documents
				3673	can be ignored if offset is positive. A negative offset will make it more
				3674	sensitive to those small variations. </p>
				3675
				3676	<p>This is commonly used to threshold images with an uneven background. It is
				3677	based on the assumption that average color of the small window is the
				3678	the local background color, from which to separate the forground color. </p>
				3679
				3680
				3681	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3682	<h4><a id="layers"></a>-layers <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3683	</div>
				3684
				3685	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>handle multiple images forming a set of image layers or animation frames.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3686
				3687	<p>Perform various image operation methods to a ordered sequence of images
				3688	which may represent either a set of overlaid 'image layers', a GIF disposal
				3689	animation, or a fully-'coalesced' animation sequence. </p>
				3690
				3691	<table class="doc">
				3692	<tbody>
				3693	<tr valign="top">
				3694	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				3695	<th align="left">Description</th>
				3696	</tr>
				3697
				3698	<tr valign="top">
				3699	<td valign="top">compare-any</td>
				3700	<td valign="top">Crop the second and later frames to the smallest rectangle
				3701	that contains all the differences between the two images. No GIF <a
				3702	href="#dispose" >-dispose</a> methods are taken into account. </td>
				3703	</tr>
				3704
				3705	<tr><td></td><td>This exactly the same as the <a href="#deconstruct"
				3706	>-deconstruct</a> operator, and does not preserve animations normal
				3707	working, especially when animation used layer disposal methods such as
				3708	'<kbd>Previous</kbd>' or '<kbd>Background</kbd>'. </td>
				3709	</tr>
				3710
				3711	<tr valign="top">
				3712	<td valign="top">compare-clear</td>
				3713	<td valign="top">As '<kbd>compare-any</kbd>' but crop to the bounds of any
				3714	opaque pixels which become transparent in the second frame. That is the
				3715	smallest image needed to mask or erase pixels for the next frame. </td>
				3716	</tr>
				3717
				3718	<tr valign="top">
				3719	<td valign="top">compare-overlay</td>
				3720	<td valign="top">As '<kbd>compare-any</kbd>' but crop to pixels that add
				3721	extra color to the next image, as a result of overlaying color pixels.
				3722	That is the smallest single overlaid image to add or change colors. </td>
				3723	</tr>
				3724
				3725	<tr><td></td><td>This can be used with the <a href="#compose" >-compose</a> alpha
				3726	composition method '<kbd>change-mask</kbd>', to reduce the image to
				3727	just the pixels that need to be overlaid. </td>
				3728	</tr>
				3729
				3730	<tr valign="top">
				3731	<td valign="top">coalesce</td>
				3732	<td valign="top">Equivalent to a call to the <a href="#coalesce"
				3733	>-coalesce</a> operator. Apply the layer disposal methods set in the
				3734	current image sequence to form a fully defined animation sequence, as
				3735	it should be displayed. Effectively converting a GIF animation into a
				3736	'film strip'-like animation. </td>
				3737	</tr>
				3738
				3739	<tr valign="top">
				3740	<td valign="top">composite</td>
				3741	<td valign="top">Alpha Composition of two image lists, separated by a
				3742	"<kbd>null:</kbd>" image, with the destination image list first, and
				3743	the source images last. An image from each list are composited
				3744	together until one list is finished. The separator image and source
				3745	image lists are removed. </td>
				3746	</tr>
				3747
				3748
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3749	<tr><td></td>
				3750	<td>The <a href="#geometry" >-geometry</a> offset is adjusted according
				3751	to <a href="#gravity" >-gravity</a> in accordance of the virtual
				3752	canvas size of the first image in each list. Unlike a normal <a
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3753	href="#composite" >-composite</a> operation, the canvas offset is also
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3754	added to the final composite positioning of each image. </td> </tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3755
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3756	<tr><td></td>
				3757	<td>If one of the image lists only contains one image, that image is
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3758	applied to all the images in the other image list, regardless of which
				3759	list it is. In this case it is the image meta-data of the list which
				3760	preserved. </td>
				3761	</tr>
				3762
				3763
				3764	<tr valign="top">
				3765	<td valign="top">dispose</td>
				3766	<td valign="top">This like '<kbd>coalesce</kbd>' but shows the look of
				3767	the animation after the layer disposal method has been applied, before
				3768	the next sub-frame image is overlaid. That is the 'dispose' image that
				3769	results from the application of the GIF <a href="#dispose"
				3770	>-dispose</a> method. This allows you to check what
				3771	is going wrong with a particular animation you may be developing.
				3772	</td>
				3773	</tr>
				3774
				3775	<tr valign="top">
				3776	<td valign="top">flatten</td>
				3777	<td valign="top">Create a canvas the size of the first images virtual
				3778	canvas using the current <a href="#background" >-background</a> color,
				3779	and <a href="#compose" >-compose</a> each image in turn onto that
				3780	canvas. Images falling outside that canvas is clipped. Final
				3781	image will have a zero virtual canvas offset. </td>
				3782	</tr>
				3783
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3784	<tr><td></td>
				3785	<td>This usally used as one of the final 'image layering' operations
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3786	overlaying all the prepared image layers into a final image. </td>
				3787	</tr>
				3788
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3789	<tr><td></td>
				3790	<td>For a single image this method can also be used to fillout a virtual
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3791	canvas with real pixels, or to underlay a opaque color to remove
				3792	transparency from an image.</td>
				3793	</tr>
				3794
				3795
				3796	<tr valign="top">
				3797	<td valign="top">merge</td>
				3798	<td valign="top">As 'flatten' method but merging all the given image
				3799	layers into a new layer image just large enough to hold all the image
				3800	without clipping or extra space. The new images virtual offset will
				3801	prevere the position of the new layer, even if this offset is
				3802	negative. the virtual canvas size of the first image is preserved.
				3803	</td>
				3804	</tr>
				3805
				3806	<tr><td></td><td>Caution is advised when handling image layers with negative offsets
				3807	as few image file formats handle them correctly. </td>
				3808	</tr>
				3809
				3810	<tr valign="top">
				3811	<td valign="top">mosaic</td>
				3812	<td valign="top">As 'flatten' method but expanding the initial canvas size
				3813	of the first image so as to hold all the image layers. However as a
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3814	virtual canvas is 'locked' to the origin, by definition, image layers
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3815	with a negative offsets will still be clipped by the top and left
				3816	edges.</td>
				3817	</tr>
				3818
				3819	<tr><td></td><td>This method is commonly used to layout individual image using various
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3820	offset but without knowing the final canvas size. The resulting image
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3821	will, like 'flatten' not have any virtual offset, so can be saved to
				3822	any image file format. </td>
				3823	</tr>
				3824
				3825
				3826	<tr valign="top">
				3827	<td valign="top">optimize</td>
				3828	<td valign="top">Optimize a coalesced animation, into GIF animation using
				3829	a number of general techniques. This currently a short cut to
				3830	apply both the '<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>', and
				3831	'<kbd>optimize-transparency</kbd>' methods but may be expanded to
				3832	include other optimization methods as they are developed. </td>
				3833	</tr>
				3834
				3835	<tr valign="top">
				3836	<td valign="top">optimize-frame</td>
				3837	<td valign="top">Optimize a coalesced animation, into GIF animation by
				3838	reducing the number of pixels per frame as much as possible by
				3839	attempting to pick the best layer disposal method to use, while ensuring
				3840	the result will continue to animate properly. </td>
				3841	</tr>
				3842
				3843	<tr><td></td><td> There is no guarantee that the best optimization is found. But
				3844	then no reasonably fast GIF optimization algorithm can do this.
				3845	However this does seem to do better than most other GIF frame
				3846	optimizers seen. </td>
				3847	</tr>
				3848
				3849	<tr valign="top">
				3850	<td valign="top">optimize-plus</td>
				3851	<td valign="top">As '<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>' but attempt to improve the
				3852	overall optimization by adding extra frames to the animation, without
				3853	changing the final look or timing of the animation. The frames are
				3854	added to attempt to separate the clearing of pixels from the
				3855	overlaying of new additional pixels from one animation frame to the
				3856	next. If this does not improve the optimization (for the next frame
				3857	only), it will fall back to the results of the previous normal
				3858	'<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>' technique. </td>
				3859	</tr>
				3860
				3861	<tr><td></td><td>There is the possibility that the change in the disposal style will
				3862	result in a worsening in the optimization of later frames, though this
				3863	is unlikely. In other words there no guarantee that it is better than
				3864	the normal '<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>' technique. For some animations
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3865	however you can get a vast improvement in the final animation size. </td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3866	</tr>
				3867
				3868	<tr valign="top">
				3869	<td valign="top">optimize-transparency</td>
				3870	<td valign="top">Given a GIF animation, replace any pixel in the sub-frame
				3871	overlay images with transparency, if it does not change the resulting
				3872	animation by more than the current <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor.
				3873	</td>
				3874	</tr>
				3875
				3876	<tr><td></td><td>This should allow a existing frame optimized GIF animation to compress
				3877	into a smaller file size due to larger areas of one (transparent)
				3878	color rather than a pattern of multiple colors repeating the current
				3879	disposed image of the last frame. </td>
				3880	</tr>
				3881
				3882	<tr valign="top">
				3883	<td valign="top">remove-dups</td>
				3884	<td valign="top">Remove (and merge time delays) of duplicate consecutive
				3885	images, so as to simplify layer overlays of coalesced animations.
				3886	</td>
				3887	</tr>
				3888
				3889	<tr><td></td><td>Usually this a result of using a constant time delay across the
				3890	whole animation, or after a larger animation was split into smaller
				3891	sub-animations. The duplicate frames could also have been used as
				3892	part of some frame optimization methods. </td>
				3893	</tr>
				3894
				3895	<tr valign="top">
				3896	<td valign="top">remove-zero</td>
				3897	<td valign="top">Remove any image with a zero time delay, unless ALL the
				3898	images have a zero time delay (and is not a proper timed animation, a
				3899	warning is then issued). </td>
				3900	</tr>
				3901
				3902	<tr><td></td><td>In a GIF animation, such images are usually frames which provide
				3903	partial intermediary updates between the frames that are actually
				3904	displayed to users. These frames are usally added for improved frame
				3905	optimization in GIF animations. </td>
				3906	</tr>
				3907
				3908	<tr valign="top">
				3909	<td valign="top">trim-bounds</td>
				3910	<td valign="top">Find the bounds of all the images in the current
				3911	image sequence, then adjust the offsets so all images are contained on
				3912	a minimal positive canvas. None of the image data is modified, only
				3913	there virtual canvas size and offset. The all the image is given
				3914	the same canvas size, and and will have a positive offset, but will
				3915	remain in the same position relative to each other. As a result of the
				3916	minimal canvas size at least one image will touch every edge of that
				3917	canvas. The image data however may be transparent.
				3918	</td>
				3919	</tr>
				3920
				3921	</tbody>
				3922	</table>
				3923
				3924	<p>To print a complete list of layer types, use <a href="#list">-list layers</a>.</p>
				3925
				3926	<p>The operators <a href="#coalesce" >-coalesce</a>, <a href="#deconstruct"
				3927	>-deconstruct</a>, <a href="#flatten" >-flatten</a>, and <a href="#mosaic"
				3928	>-mosaic</a> are only aliases for the above methods. Also see <a
				3929	href="#page" >-page</a>, <a href="#repage" >-repage</a> operators, the <a
				3930	href="#compose" >-compose</a> setting, and the GIF <a href="#dispose"
				3931	>-dispose</a> and <a href="#delay" >-delay</a> settings. </p>
				3932
				3933
				3934	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3935	<h4><a id="level"></a>-level <em class="arg">black_point</em>{,<em class="arg">white_point</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}{,<em class="arg">gamma</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3936	</div>
				3937
				3938	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>adjust the level of image channels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3939
				3940	<p>Given one, two or three values delimited with commas: black-point,
				3941	white-point, gamma (for example: 10,250,1.0 or 2%,98%,0.5). The black and
				3942	white points range from 0 to <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>, or from 0 to 100%; if the white
				3943	point is omitted it is set to (<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> - black_point), so as to center
				3944	contrast changes. If a <kbd>%</kbd> sign is present anywhere in the string,
				3945	both black and white points are percentages of the full color range. Gamma
				3946	will do a <a href="#gamma">-gamma</a> adjustment of the values. If it is
				3947	omitted, the default of 1.0 (no gamma correction) is assumed.</p>
				3948
				3949	<p>In normal usage (<kbd>-level</kbd>) the image values are stretched so that
				3950	the given '<kbd>black_point</kbd>' value in the original image is set to
				3951	zero (or black), while the given '<kbd>white_point</kbd>' value is set to
				3952	<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> (or white). This provides you with direct contrast adjustments
				3953	to the image. The '<kbd>gamma</kbd>' of the resulting image will then be
				3954	adjusted. </p>
				3955
				3956	<p>From ImageMagick v6.4.1-9 using the plus form of the operator (<kbd>+level</kbd>) or
				3957	adding the special '!' flag anywhere in the argument list, will cause the
				3958	operator to do the reverse of the level adjustment. That is a zero, or
				3959	<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> value (black, and white, resp.) in the original image, is
				3960	adjusted to the given level values, allowing you to de-contrast, or compress
				3961	the channel values within the image. The '<kbd>gamma</kbd>' is adjusted before the level adjustment to de-contrast the image is made. </p>
				3962
				3963	<p>Only the channels defined by the current <a href="#channel">-channel</a>
				3964	setting are adjusted (defaults to RGB color channels only), allowing you to
				3965	limit the effect of this operator. </p>
				3966
				3967	<p>Please note that the transparency channel is treated as 'matte'
				3968	values (0 is opaque) and not as 'alpha' values (0 is transparent).</p>
				3969
				3970
				3971	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3972	<h4><a id="level-colors"></a>-level-colors {<em
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3973	class="arg">black_color</em>}{,}{<em class="arg">white_color</em>}</h4>
				3974	</div>
				3975
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3976	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>adjust the level of an image using the provided dash separated colors.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3977
				3978	<p>This function is exactly like <a href="#level">-level</a>, except that the
				3979	value value for each color channel is determined by the
				3980	'<kbd>black_color</kbd>' and '<kbd>white_color</kbd>' colors given (as
				3981	described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option). </p>
				3982
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3983	<p>This effectually means the colors provided to <kbd>-level-colors</kbd>
				3984	is mapped to become 'black' and 'white' respectively, with all the other
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3985	colors linearly adjusted (or clipped) to match that change. Each channel is
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3986	adjusted separately using the channel values of the colors specified. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3987
				3988	<p>On the other hand the plus form of the operator (<kbd>+level-colors</kbd>)
				3989	will map the image color 'black' and 'white' to the given colors
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3990	respectively, resulting in a gradient (de-contrasting) tint of the image to
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3991	those colors. This can also be used to convert a plain gray-scale image into a
				3992	one using the gradient of colors specified. </p>
				3993
				3994	<p>By supplying a single color with a comma separator either before or after
				3995	that color, will just replace the respective 'black' or 'white' point
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3996	respectively. But if no comma separator is provided, the given color is
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3997	used for both the black and white color points, making the operator either
				3998	threshold the images around that color (- form) or set all colors to that
				3999	color (+ form). </p>
				4000
				4001
				4002	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4003	<h4><a id="limit"></a>-limit <em class="arg">type value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4004	</div>
				4005
				4006	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the pixel cache resource limit.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4007
				4008	<p>Choose from: <kbd>area</kbd>, <kbd>disk</kbd>, <kbd>file</kbd>, <kbd>map</kbd>, <kbd>memory</kbd>, <kbd>threads</kbd>, or <kbd>time</kbd>.</p>
				4009
cristy	6b63665	2009-12-05 17:16:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4010	<p>The value for <kbd>file</kbd> is in number of files. The other limits are in bytes. By default the limits are 768 files, 2GB of image area, 1.5GiB memory, 8GiB memory map, and 18.45EB of disk. These limits are adjusted relative to the available resources on your computer if this information is available. When any limit is reached, ImageMagick fails in some fashion but attempts to take compensating actions, if possible. For example, the following limits memory:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4011
				4012	<p class="crtsnip">
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4013	-limit memory 32MiB -limit map 64MiB
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4014	</p>
				4015
				4016	<p>Use <a href="#list">-list resource</a> to list the current limits. For example, our system shows these limits:</p>
				4017
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4018	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>identify -list resource</span><span class='crtout'></span></p><pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4019	File Area Memory Map Disk Thread Time
				4020	------------------------------------------------------------------------------
				4021	768 12.404GB 8.6642GiB 23.104GiB 18.446744EB 8 unlimited
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4022	</pre>
				4023
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4024	<p>Requests for pixel storage to keep intermediate images are satisfied by one of three resource categories: in-memory pool, memory-mapped files pool, and disk pool (in that order) depending on the <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#limit">‑limit</a> settings and whether the system honors a resource request. If the total size of allocated pixel storage in the given pool reaches the corresponding limit, the request is passed to the next pool. Additionally, requests that exceed the <kbd>area</kbd> limit automagically are allocated on disk.</p>
				4025
				4026	<p>To illustrate how ImageMagick utilizes resource limits, consider a typical image resource request. First, ImageMagick tries to allocate the pixels in memory. The request might be denied if the resource request exceeds the <kbd>memory</kbd> limit or if the system does not honor the request. If a memory request is not honored, the pixels are allocated to disk and the file is memory-mapped. However, if the allocation request exceeds the <kbd>map</kbd> limit, the resource allocation goes to disk. In all cases, if the resource request exceeds the <kbd>area</kbd> limit, the pixels are automagically cached to disk. If the disk has a hard limit, the program fails.</p>
				4027
				4028	<p>In most cases you simply do not need to concern yourself with resource limits. ImageMagick chooses reasonable defaults and most images do not tax your computer resources. Where limits do come in handy is when you process images that are large or on shared systems where ImageMagick can consume all or most of the available memory. In this case, the ImageMagick workflow slows other processes or, in extreme cases, brings the system to a halt. Under these circumstances, setting limits give some assurances that the ImageMagick workflow will not interfere with other concurrent uses of the computer. For example, assume you have a web interface that processes images uploaded from the Internet. To assure ImageMagick does not exceed 10mb of memory you can simply set the area limit to 10mb:</p>
				4029
				4030	<p class="crtsnip">
				4031	-limit area 10mb
				4032	</p>
				4033
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4034	<p>Now whenever a large image is processed, the pixels are automagically cached to disk instead of memory. This of course implies that large images typically process very slowly, simply because pixel processing in memory can be an order of magnitude faster than on disk. Because your web site users might inadvertently upload a huge image to process, you should set a disk limit as well:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4035
				4036	<p class="crtsnip">
				4037	-limit area 10mb -limit disk 500mb
				4038	</p>
				4039
				4040	<p>Here ImageMagick stops processing if an image requires more than 500MB of disk storage.</p>
				4041
				4042	<p>In addition to command-line resource limit option, resources can be set with <a href="../www/resources.html#environment">environment variables</a>. Set the environment variables <kbd>MAGICK_AREA_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_DISK_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_FILE_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_MEMORY_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_MAP_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_THREAD_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_TIME_LIMIT</kbd> for limits of image area, disk space, open files, heap memory, memory map, number of threads of execution, and maximum elapsed time in seconds respectively.</p>
				4043
				4044	<p> Inquisitive users can try adding <a href="#debug">-debug cache</a> to their commands and then scouring the generated output for references to the pixel cache, in order to determine how the pixel cache was allocated and how resources were consumed. Advanced Unix/Linux users can pipe that output through <kbd>grep memory\|open\|destroy\|disk</kbd> for more readable sifting.
				4045	</p>
				4046
				4047	<p>For more about ImageMagick's use of resources, see the section <b>Cache Storage and Resource Requirements</b> on the <a href="../www/architecture.html#cache">Architecture</a> page.
				4048	</p>
				4049
				4050	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4051	<h4><a id="linear-stretch"></a>-linear-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em><br />-linear-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em>{x<em class="arg">white-point</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4052	</div>
				4053
				4054	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Linear with saturation stretch.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4055
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4056	<p>This is very similar to <a href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a>,
				4057	and uses a 'histogram bin' to determine the range of color values that needs to
				4058	be stretched. However it then stretchs those colors using the <a
				4059	href="#level" >-level</a> operator.</p>
				4060
				4061	<p>As such while the initial determination may have 'binning' round off
				4062	effects, the image colors are stretched mathematically, rather than using the
				4063	histogram bins. This makes the operator more accurate. </p>
				4064
				4065	<p>note however that a <a href="#linear-stretch" >-linear-stretch</a> of
				4066	'<kbd>0</kbd>' does nothing, while a value of '<kbd>1</kbd>' does a near
				4067	perfect stretch of the color range. </p>
				4068
				4069	<p>See also <a href="#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect'
				4070	normalization of mathematical images. </p>
				4071
				4072	<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p>
				4073
				4074
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4075	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4076	<h4><a id="linewidth"></a>-linewidth</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4077	</div>
				4078
				4079	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the line width for subsequent draw operations.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4080
				4081	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4082	<h4><a id="liquid-rescale"></a>-liquid-rescale <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4083	</div>
				4084
				4085	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>rescale image with seam-carving.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4086
				4087	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				4088
				4089	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4090	<h4><a id="list"></a>-list <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4091	</div>
				4092
				4093	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Print a list of supported arguments for various options or settings. Choose from these list types:</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4094
				4095	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4096	Align Alpha Boolean Channel
				4097	Class ClipPath Coder Color
				4098	Colorspace Command Compose Compress
				4099	Configure DataType Debug Decoration
				4100	Delegate Direction Dispose Distort
				4101	Dither Endian Evaluate FillRule
				4102	Filter Font Format Function
				4103	Gravity ImageList Intent Interlace
				4104	Interpolate Kernel Layers LineCap
				4105	LineJoin List Locale LogEvent
				4106	Log Magic Method Metric
				4107	Mime Mode Morphology Module
				4108	Noise Orientation Policy PolicyDomain
				4109	PolicyRights Preview Primitive QuantumFormat
				4110	Resource SparseColor Storage Stretch
				4111	Style Threshold Type Units
				4112	Validate VirtualPixel
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4113	</pre>
				4114
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4115	<p>These lists vary depending on your version of ImageMagick. Use "<kbd>-list
				4116	list</kbd>" to get a complete listing of all the "<kbd>-list</kbd>" arguments
				4117	available:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4118
				4119	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>identify -list list</span></p>
				4120	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4121	<h4><a id="log"></a>-log <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4122	</div>
				4123
				4124	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify format for debug log.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4125
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4126	<p>This option specifies the format for the log printed when the <a
				4127	href="#debug">-debug</a> option is active.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4128
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4129	<p>You can display the following components by embedding special format
				4130	characters:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4131
				4132	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4133	%d domain
				4134	%e event
				4135	%f function
				4136	%l line
				4137	%m module
				4138	%p process ID
				4139	%r real CPU time
				4140	%t wall clock time
				4141	%u user CPU time
				4142	%% percent sign
				4143	\n newline
				4144	\r carriage return
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4145	</pre>
				4146
				4147	<p>For example:</p>
				4148
				4149	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -debug coders -log "%u %m:%l %e" in.gif out.png</span></p>
				4150	<p>The default behavior is to print all of the components.</p>
				4151
				4152	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4153	<h4><a id="loop"></a>-loop <em class="arg">iterations</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4154	</div>
				4155
				4156	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>add Netscape loop extension to your GIF animation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4157
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4158	<p>Set iterations to zero to repeat the animation an infinite number of times,
				4159	otherwise the animation repeats itself up to <em class="arg">iterations</em>
				4160	times.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4161
				4162	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4163	<h4><a id="lowlight-color"></a>-lowlight-color <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4164	</div>
				4165
				4166	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>when comparing images, de-emphasize pixel differences with this color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4167
				4168	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4169	<h4><a id="magnify"></a>-magnify <em class="arg">factor</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4170	</div>
				4171
				4172	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>magnify the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4173
				4174
				4175	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4176	<h4><a id="map"></a>-map <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4177	</div>
				4178
				4179	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Display image using this <em class="arg">type</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4180
				4181	<p>Choose from these <em class="arg">Standard Colormap</em> types:</p>
				4182
				4183	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4184	best
				4185	default
				4186	gray
				4187	red
				4188	green
				4189	blue
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4190	</pre>
				4191
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4192	<p>The <em class="arg">X server</em> must support the <em class="arg">Standard
				4193	Colormap</em> you choose, otherwise an error occurs. Use <kbd>list</kbd> as
				4194	the type and <kbd>display</kbd> searches the list of colormap types in
				4195	<kbd>top-to-bottom</kbd> order until one is located. See <em
				4196	class="arg">xstdcmap(1)</em> for one way of creating Standard Colormaps.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4197
				4198
				4199	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4200	<h4><a id="map_stream_"></a>-map <em class="arg">components</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4201	</div>
				4202
				4203	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>pixel map.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/stream.html">stream</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4204
				4205	<p>Here are the valid components of a map:</p>
				4206
				4207	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4208	r red pixel component
				4209	g green pixel component
				4210	b blue pixel component
				4211	a alpha pixel component (0 is transparent)
				4212	o opacity pixel component (0 is opaque)
				4213	i grayscale intensity pixel component
				4214	c cyan pixel component
				4215	m magenta pixel component
				4216	y yellow pixel component
				4217	k black pixel component
				4218	p pad component (always 0)
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4219	</pre>
				4220
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4221	<p>You can specify as many of these components as needed in any order (e.g.
				4222	bgr). The components can repeat as well (e.g. rgbr).</p>
				4223
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4224
				4225	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4226	<h4><a id="mask"></a>-mask
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4227	<em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
				4228	</div>
				4229
				4230	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Composite the image pixels as defined by the mask.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4231
				4232	<p>Use <a href="#mask">+mask</a> to remove the image mask.</p>
				4233
				4234	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4235	<h4><a id="mattecolor"></a>-mattecolor <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4236	</div>
				4237
				4238	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify the color to be used with the <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4239
				4240	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				4241
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4242	<p>The default matte color is <kbd>#BDBDBD</kbd>, <span
				4243	style="background-color: #bdbdbd;">this shade of gray</span>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4244
				4245	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4246	<h4><a id="maximum"></a>-maximum</h4>
cristy	d2baf7d	2010-03-06 04:26:44 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4247	</div>
				4248
				4249	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>return the maximum intensity of an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4250
				4251	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4252	<h4><a id="median"></a>-median <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4253	</div>
				4254
				4255	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a median filter to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4256
				4257	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4258	<h4><a id="metric"></a>-metric <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4259	</div>
				4260
				4261	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Output to STDERR a measure of the differences between images according to the <em class="arg">type</em> given metric.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4262
				4263	<p>Choose from:</p>
				4264
				4265	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4266	AE absolute error count, number of different pixels (-fuzz effected)
				4267	FUZZ mean color distance
				4268	MAE mean absolute error (normalized), average channel error distance
				4269	MEPP mean error per pixel (normalized mean error, normalized peak error)
				4270	MSE mean error squared, average of the channel error squared
				4271	NCC normalized cross correlation
				4272	PAE peak absolute (normalize peak absolute)
				4273	PSNR peak signal to noise ratio
				4274	RMSE root mean squared (normalized root mean squared)
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4275	</pre>
				4276
cristy	771f7a7	2010-11-27 21:42:59 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4277	<p>Control the '<kbd>AE</kbd>', or absolute count of pixels that are different,
				4278	with the <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor (ignore pixels which
				4279	only changed by a small amount). Use '<kbd>PAE</kbd>' to find the
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4280	size of the <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor needed to make all pixels
cristy	771f7a7	2010-11-27 21:42:59 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4281	'similar', while '<kbd>MAE</kbd>' dtermines the factor needed
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4282	for about half the pixels to be similar. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4283
				4284	<p>The '<kbd>MEPP</kbd>' metric returns three different metrics
				4285	('<kbd>MAE</kbd>', '<kbd>MAE</kbd>' normalized, and '<kbd>PAE</kbd>'
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4286	normalized) from a single comparison run. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4287
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4288	<p>To print a complete list of metrics, use the <a href="#list">-list
				4289	metrics</a> option.</p>
				4290
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4291
cristy	d2baf7d	2010-03-06 04:26:44 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4292	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4293	<h4><a id="minimum"></a>-minimum</h4>
cristy	d2baf7d	2010-03-06 04:26:44 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4294	</div>
				4295
				4296	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>return the minimum intensity of an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4297
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4298
				4299	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4300	<h4><a id="mode"></a>-mode <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4301	</div>
				4302
cristy	be3c5be	2011-03-05 17:35:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4303	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>make each pixel the 'predominate color' of the neighborhood.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/convert.html">convert</a>, <a href="../www/mogrify.html">mogrify</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4304
				4305	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4306	<h4>-mode <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				4307	</div>
				4308
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4309	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mode of operation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4310
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4311	<p>Choose the <em class="arg">value</em> from these styles: <kbd>Frame,
				4312	Unframe, or Concatenate</kbd></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4313
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4314	<p>Use the <a href="#list" >-list</a> option with a '<kbd>Mode</kbd>' argument
				4315	for a list of <a href="#mode" >-mode</a> arguments available in your
				4316	ImageMagick installation.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4317
				4318
				4319	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4320	<h4><a id="modulate"></a>-modulate <em class="arg">brightness</em>[,<em class="arg">saturation</em>,<em class="arg">hue</em>]</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4321	</div>
				4322
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4323	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Vary the <em class="arg">brightness</em>, <em
				4324	class="arg">saturation</em>, and <em class="arg">hue</em> of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4325
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4326	<p>The arguments are given as a percentages of variation. A value of 100 means
				4327	no change, and any missing values are taken to mean 100.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4328
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4329	<p>The <em class="arg">brightness</em> is a multiplier of the overall
				4330	brightness of the image, so 0 means pure black, 50 is half as bright, 200 is
				4331	twice as bright. To invert its meaning <a href="#negate">-negate</a> the image
				4332	before and after. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4333
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4334	<p>The <em class="arg">saturation</em> controls the amount of color in an
				4335	image. For example, 0 produce a grayscale image, while a large value such as
				4336	200 produce a very colorful, 'cartoonish' color.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4337
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4338	<p>The <em class="arg">hue</em> argument causes a "rotation" of the colors
				4339	within the image by the amount specified. For example, 50 results in
				4340	a counter-clockwise rotation of 90, mapping red shades to purple, and so on.
				4341	A value of either 0 or 200 results in a complete 180 degree rotation of the
				4342	image. Using a value of 300 is a 360 degree rotation resulting in no change to
				4343	the original image. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4344
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4345	<p>For example, to increase the color brightness by 20% and decrease the color
				4346	saturation by 10% and leave the hue unchanged, use <a
				4347	href="#modulate">-modulate 120,90</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4348
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4349	<p>Use <a href="#set">-set</a> attribute of '<kbd
				4350	class="arg">option:modulate:colorspace</kbd>' to specify which colorspace to
				4351	modulate. Choose from <kbd>HSB</kbd>, <kbd>HSL</kbd> (the default), or
				4352	<kbd>HWB</kbd>. For example,</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4353
				4354	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -set option:modulate:colorspace hsb -modulate 120,90 modulate.png</span></p>
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4355
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4356	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4357	<h4><a id="monitor"></a>-monitor</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4358	</div>
				4359
				4360	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>monitor progress.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4361
				4362
				4363	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4364	<h4><a id="monochrome"></a>-monochrome</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4365	</div>
				4366
				4367	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>transform the image to black and white.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4368
				4369
				4370	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4371	<h4><a id="morph"></a>-morph <em class="arg">frames</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4372	</div>
				4373
				4374	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>morphs an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4375
				4376	<p>Both the image pixels and size are linearly interpolated to give the
				4377	appearance of a meta-morphosis from one image to the next, over all the images
				4378	in the current image list. The added images are the equivalent of a <a
				4379	href="#blend">-blend</a> composition. The <em class="arg">frames</em>
				4380	argument determine how many images to interpolate between each image. </p>
				4381
				4382
				4383	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4384	<h4><a id="morphology"></a>-morphology</h4>
				4385	<h4>-morphology <em class="arg">method</em> <em class="arg">kernel</em></h4>
cristy	488844c	2010-01-22 14:02:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4386	</div>
				4387
cristy	2c83960	2010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4388	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a morphology method to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	488844c	2010-01-22 14:02:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4389
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4390	<p>Until I get around to writing a option summary for this, see <a
				4391	href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/morphology/" >IM Usage Examples,
				4392	Morphology</a>. </p>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4393
				4394
cristy	488844c	2010-01-22 14:02:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4395	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4396	<h4><a id="mosaic"></a>-mosaic</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4397	</div>
				4398
				4399	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>an simple alias for the <a href="#layers" >-layers</a> method "mosaic"</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4400
				4401
				4402	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4403	<h4><a id="motion-blur"></a>-motion-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-motion-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>+<em class="arg">angle</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4404	</div>
				4405
				4406	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate motion blur.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4407
				4408	<p>Blur with the given radius, standard deviation (sigma), and angle. The
				4409	angle given is the angle toward which the image is blurred. That is the
				4410	direction people would consider the object is coming from. </p>
				4411
				4412	<p>Note that the blur is not uniform distribution, giving the motion a
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4413	definite sense of direction of movement. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4414
				4415	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				4416	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				4417	</p>
				4418
				4419	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4420	<h4><a id="name"></a>-name</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4421	</div>
				4422
				4423	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>name an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4424	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4425	<h4><a id="negate"></a>-negate</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4426	</div>
				4427
cristy	b29bc03	2010-02-01 20:29:43 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4428	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>replace each pixel with its complementary color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4429
				4430	<p>The red, green, and blue intensities of an image are negated. White becomes black, yellow becomes blue, etc. Use <a href="#negate">+negate</a> to only negate the grayscale pixels of the image.</p>
				4431
				4432	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4433	<h4><a id="noise"></a>-noise <em class="arg">geometry</em><br/>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4434	+noise <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				4435	</div>
				4436
				4437	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Add or reduce noise in an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4438
				4439	<p>The principal function of noise peak elimination filter is to smooth the objects within an image without losing edge information and without creating undesired structures. The central idea of the algorithm is to replace a pixel with its next neighbor in value within a pixel window, if this pixel has been found to be noise. A pixel is defined as noise if and only if this pixel is a maximum or minimum within the pixel window.</p>
				4440
				4441	<p>Use <kbd><a href="#noise">-noise</a> <em class="arg">radius</em></kbd> to specify the width of the neighborhood when reducing noise.</p>
				4442
				4443	<p>Use <a href="#noise">+noise</a> followed by a noise <em class="arg">type</em> to add noise to an image. Choose from these noise types:</p>
				4444
				4445	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4446	Gaussian
				4447	Impulse
				4448	Laplacian
				4449	Multiplicative
				4450	Poisson
				4451	Random
				4452	Uniform
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4453	</pre>
				4454
				4455	<p>To print a complete list of noises, use the <a href="#list">-list noise</a> option.</p>
				4456
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4457	<p>Also see the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> noise functions that allos
				4458	the use of a controlling value to specify teh amount of noise that should be
				4459	added to an image. </p>
				4460
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4461
				4462	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4463	<h4><a id="normalize"></a>-normalize</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4464	</div>
				4465
				4466	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Increase the contrast in an image by <em>stretching</em> the range of intensity values.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4467
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4468	<p>The intensity values are stretched to cover the entire range of possible
				4469	values. While doing so, black-out at most <em>2%</em> of the pixels and
				4470	white-out at most <em>1%</em> of the pixels.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4471
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4472	<p>Note that as of ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <a href="#normalize" >-normalize</a>
				4473	is equivalent to <a href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch 2%x1%</a>.
				4474	(Before this version, it was equivalent to <a href="#contrast-stretch"
				4475	>-contrast-stretch 2%x99%</a>).</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4476
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4477	<p>All the channels are normalized in concert by the came amount so as to
				4478	preserve color integrity, when the default <a href="#channel" >+channel</a>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4479	setting is in use. Specifying any other <a href="#channel" >-channel</a>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4480	setting will normalize the RGB channels independently.</p>
				4481
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4482	<p>See <a href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a> for more details.
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4483	Also see <a href="#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect' normalization
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4484	that is better suited to mathematically generated images. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4485
				4486	<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4487
				4488
				4489	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4490	<h4><a id="ordered-dither"></a>-ordered-dither <em class="arg">threshold_map</em>{,<em class="arg">level</em>...}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4491	</div>
				4492
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4493	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>dither the image using a pre-defined ordered dither <em
				4494	class="arg">threshold map</em> specified, and a uniform color map with the
				4495	given number of <em class="arg">levels</em> per color channel . </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4496
				4497	<p>You can choose from these standard threshold maps:</p>
				4498
				4499	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4500	threshold 1x1 Threshold 1x1 (non-dither)
				4501	checks 2x1 Checkerboard 2x1 (dither)
				4502	o2x2 2x2 Ordered 2x2 (dispersed)
				4503	o3x3 3x3 Ordered 3x3 (dispersed)
				4504	o4x4 4x4 Ordered 4x4 (dispersed)
				4505	o8x8 8x8 Ordered 8x8 (dispersed)
				4506	h4x4a 4x1 Halftone 4x4 (angled)
				4507	h6x6a 6x1 Halftone 6x6 (angled)
				4508	h8x8a 8x1 Halftone 8x8 (angled)
				4509	h4x4o Halftone 4x4 (orthogonal)
				4510	h6x6o Halftone 6x6 (orthogonal)
				4511	h8x8o Halftone 8x8 (orthogonal)
				4512	h16x16o Halftone 16x16 (orthogonal)
				4513	c5x5b c5x5 Circles 5x5 (black)
				4514	c5x5w Circles 5x5 (white)
				4515	c6x6b c6x6 Circles 6x6 (black)
				4516	c6x6w Circles 6x6 (white)
				4517	c7x7b c7x7 Circles 7x7 (black)
				4518	c7x7w Circles 7x7 (white)
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4519	</pre>
				4520
cristy	945bb35	2011-04-01 15:39:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4521	<p> The <kbd>threshold</kbd> generated a simple 50% threshold of the image.
				4522	This could be used with <em class="arg" >level</em> to do the equivelent of <a
				4523	href="#posterize" >-posterize</a> to reduce an image to basic primary colors.
				4524	</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4525
cristy	945bb35	2011-04-01 15:39:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4526	<p>The <kbd>checks</kbd> pattern produces a 3 level checkerbord dither
				4527	pattern. That is a grayscale will become a pattern of solid black, solid
				4528	white, and mid-tone colors into a checkerboard pattern of black and white.
				4529	</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4530
cristy	945bb35	2011-04-01 15:39:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4531	<p>You can define your own <em class="arg" >threshold map</em> for ordered
				4532	dithering and halftoning your images, in either personal or system
				4533	<kbd>thresholds.xml</kbd> XML file. See <a href="resources.html" >Resources</A>
				4534	for more details of configuration files. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4535
cristy	945bb35	2011-04-01 15:39:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4536	<p>To print a complete list of the thresholds that have been defined, use the
				4537	<a href="#list" >-list threshold</a> option.</p>
				4538
				4539	<p>Note that at this time the same threshold dithering map is used for all
				4540	color channels, no attempt is made to offset or rotate the map for different
				4541	channels is made, to create an offset printing effect. Also as the maps are
				4542	simple threshold levels, the halftone and circle maps will create incomplete
				4543	circles along the edges of a colored area. Also all the effects are purely
				4544	on/off boolean effects, without anti-aliasing to make the circles smooth
				4545	looking. Large dots can be made to look better with a small amount of blurring
				4546	after being created. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4547
				4548
				4549	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4550	<h4><a id="opaque"></a>-opaque <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4551	</div>
				4552
				4553	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>change this color to the fill color within the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4554
cristy	c54f5d4	2009-11-27 21:36:31 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4555	<p>The <em class="arg">color</em> argument is defined using the format
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4556	described under the <a href="#fill" >-fill</a> option. The <a href="#fuzz"
				4557	>-fuzz</a> setting can be used to match and replace colors similar to the one
				4558	given.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4559
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4560	<p>Use <a href="#opaque">+opaque</a> to paint any pixel that does not match
				4561	the target color. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4562
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4563	<p>The <a href="#transparent">-transparent</a> operator is exactly the same
				4564	as <a href="#opaque" >-opaque</a> but replaces the matching color with
				4565	transparency rather than the current <a href="#fill">-fill</a> color setting.
				4566	To ensure that it can do this it also ensures that the image has an alpha
				4567	channel enabled, as per "<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> set</kbd>", for
				4568	the new transparent colors, and does not require you to modify the <a
				4569	href="#channel">-channel</a> to enable alpha channel handling. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4570
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4571
				4572	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4573	<h4><a id="orient"></a>-orient <em class="arg">image orientation</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4574	</div>
				4575
				4576	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify orientation of a digital camera image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4577
				4578	<p>Choose from these orientations:</p>
				4579
				4580	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4581	bottom-left
				4582	bottom-right
				4583	left-bottom
				4584	left-top
				4585	right-bottom
				4586	right-top
				4587	top-left
				4588	top-right
				4589	undefined
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4590	</pre>
				4591
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4592	<p>To print a complete list of orientations, use the <a href="#list" >-list
				4593	orientation</a> option.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4594
				4595
				4596	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4597	<h4><a id="page"></a>-page <em class="arg">geometry</em><br/>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4598	-page <em class="arg">media</em>[<em class="arg">offset</em>][{<em class="arg">^!<></em>}]<br/>
				4599	+page
				4600	</h4>
				4601	</div>
				4602
				4603	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the size and location of an image on the larger virtual canvas.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4604
				4605	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				4606
				4607	<p>For convenience you can specify the page size using <em class="arg">media</em> (see below). Offsets can then be added as with other <em class="arg">geometry</em> arguments (e.g. <a href="#page">-page</a> <kbd>Letter+43+43</kbd>).</p>
				4608
				4609	<p>Use <em class="arg">media</em> as shorthand to specify the dimensions (<em class="arg">width</em>x<em class="arg">height</em>) of the <em class="arg">PostScript</em> page in dots per inch or a TEXT page in pixels. The choices for a PostScript page are:</p>
				4610	<table id="geometryTable" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1" width="50%" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
				4611	<thead>
				4612	<tr valign="top">
				4613	<th align="center"><em class="arg">media</em></th>
				4614	<th align="center"><em class="arg">width</em></th>
				4615	<th align="center"><em class="arg">height</em></th>
				4616	</tr>
				4617	</thead>
				4618	<tbody>
				4619	<tr><td align="left"> 11x17 </td> <td align="right"> 792</td> <td align="right"> 1224</td> </tr>
				4620	<tr><td align="left"> Ledger </td> <td align="right"> 1224</td> <td align="right"> 792</td> </tr>
				4621	<tr><td align="left"> Legal </td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 1008</td> </tr>
				4622	<tr><td align="left"> Letter </td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 792</td> </tr>
				4623	<tr><td align="left"> LetterSmall</td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 792</td> </tr>
				4624	<tr><td align="left"> ArchE </td> <td align="right"> 2592</td> <td align="right"> 3456</td> </tr>
				4625	<tr><td align="left"> ArchD </td> <td align="right"> 1728</td> <td align="right"> 2592</td> </tr>
				4626	<tr><td align="left"> ArchC </td> <td align="right"> 1296</td> <td align="right"> 1728</td> </tr>
				4627	<tr><td align="left"> ArchB </td> <td align="right"> 864</td> <td align="right"> 1296</td> </tr>
				4628	<tr><td align="left"> ArchA </td> <td align="right"> 648</td> <td align="right"> 864</td> </tr>
				4629	<tr><td align="left"> A0 </td> <td align="right"> 2380</td> <td align="right"> 3368</td> </tr>
				4630	<tr><td align="left"> A1 </td> <td align="right"> 1684</td> <td align="right"> 2380</td> </tr>
				4631	<tr><td align="left"> A2 </td> <td align="right"> 1190</td> <td align="right"> 1684</td> </tr>
				4632	<tr><td align="left"> A3 </td> <td align="right"> 842</td> <td align="right"> 1190</td> </tr>
				4633	<tr><td align="left"> A4 </td> <td align="right"> 595</td> <td align="right"> 842</td> </tr>
				4634	<tr><td align="left"> A4Small </td> <td align="right"> 595</td> <td align="right"> 842</td> </tr>
				4635	<tr><td align="left"> A5 </td> <td align="right"> 421</td> <td align="right"> 595</td> </tr>
				4636	<tr><td align="left"> A6 </td> <td align="right"> 297</td> <td align="right"> 421</td> </tr>
				4637	<tr><td align="left"> A7 </td> <td align="right"> 210</td> <td align="right"> 297</td> </tr>
				4638	<tr><td align="left"> A8 </td> <td align="right"> 148</td> <td align="right"> 210</td> </tr>
				4639	<tr><td align="left"> A9 </td> <td align="right"> 105</td> <td align="right"> 148</td> </tr>
				4640	<tr><td align="left"> A10 </td> <td align="right"> 74</td> <td align="right"> 105</td> </tr>
				4641	<tr><td align="left"> B0 </td> <td align="right"> 2836</td> <td align="right"> 4008</td> </tr>
				4642	<tr><td align="left"> B1 </td> <td align="right"> 2004</td> <td align="right"> 2836</td> </tr>
				4643	<tr><td align="left"> B2 </td> <td align="right"> 1418</td> <td align="right"> 2004</td> </tr>
				4644	<tr><td align="left"> B3 </td> <td align="right"> 1002</td> <td align="right"> 1418</td> </tr>
				4645	<tr><td align="left"> B4 </td> <td align="right"> 709</td> <td align="right"> 1002</td> </tr>
				4646	<tr><td align="left"> B5 </td> <td align="right"> 501</td> <td align="right"> 709</td> </tr>
				4647	<tr><td align="left"> C0 </td> <td align="right"> 2600</td> <td align="right"> 3677</td> </tr>
				4648	<tr><td align="left"> C1 </td> <td align="right"> 1837</td> <td align="right"> 2600</td> </tr>
				4649	<tr><td align="left"> C2 </td> <td align="right"> 1298</td> <td align="right"> 1837</td> </tr>
				4650	<tr><td align="left"> C3 </td> <td align="right"> 918</td> <td align="right"> 1298</td> </tr>
				4651	<tr><td align="left"> C4 </td> <td align="right"> 649</td> <td align="right"> 918</td> </tr>
				4652	<tr><td align="left"> C5 </td> <td align="right"> 459</td> <td align="right"> 649</td> </tr>
				4653	<tr><td align="left"> C6 </td> <td align="right"> 323</td> <td align="right"> 459</td> </tr>
				4654	<tr><td align="left"> Flsa </td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 936</td> </tr>
				4655	<tr><td align="left"> Flse </td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 936</td> </tr>
				4656	<tr><td align="left"> HalfLetter </td> <td align="right"> 396</td> <td align="right"> 612</td> </tr>
				4657	</tbody>
				4658	</table>
				4659
				4660
				4661
				4662
				4663	<p>This option is also used to place subimages when writing to a multi-image format that supports offsets, such as GIF89 and MNG. When used for this purpose the offsets are always measured from the top left corner of the canvas and are not affected by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option. To position a GIF or MNG image, use <a href="#page">-page</a><em class="arg">{+-}x{+-}y</em> (e.g. -page +100+200). When writing to a MNG file, a <a href="#page">-page</a> option appearing ahead of the first image in the sequence with nonzero width and height defines the width and height values that are written in the <kbd>MHDR</kbd> chunk. Otherwise, the MNG width and height are computed from the bounding box that contains all images in the sequence. When writing a GIF89 file, only the bounding box method is used to determine its dimensions.</p>
				4664
				4665	<p>For a PostScript page, the image is sized as in <a href="#geometry">-geometry</a> but positioned relative to the <em>lower left-hand corner</em> of the page by {+-}<kbd>x</kbd><em class="arg">offset</em>{+-}<kbd>y</kbd> <em class="arg">offset</em>. Use <a href="#page">-page 612x792</a>, for example, to center the image within the page. If the image size exceeds the PostScript page, it is reduced to fit the page. The default gravity for the <a href="#page">-page</a> option is <em class="arg">NorthWest</em>, i.e., positive <kbd>x</kbd> and <kbd>y</kbd> <em class="arg">offset</em> are measured rightward and downward from the top left corner of the page, unless the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with a value other than <em class="arg">NorthWest</em>.</p>
				4666
				4667	<p>The default page dimensions for a TEXT image is 612x792.</p>
				4668
				4669	<p>This option is used in concert with <a href="#density">-density</a>.</p>
				4670
				4671	<p>Use <a href="#page">+page</a> to remove the page settings for an image.</p>
				4672
				4673	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4674	<h4><a id="paint"></a>-paint <em class="arg">radius</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4675	</div>
				4676
				4677	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate an oil painting.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4678
				4679	<p>Each pixel is replaced by the most frequent color in a circular neighborhood whose width is specified with <em class="arg">radius</em>.</p>
				4680
				4681	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4682	<h4><a id="path"></a>-path <em class="arg">path</em></h4></div>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4683
				4684	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>write images to this path on disk.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4685
				4686	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4687	<h4><a id="pause_animate_"></a>-pause <em class="arg">seconds</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4688	</div>
				4689
				4690	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Pause between animation loops.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4691
				4692	<p>Pause for the specified number of seconds before repeating the animation.</p>
				4693
				4694	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4695	<h4><a id="pause_import_"></a>-pause <em class="arg">seconds</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4696	</div>
				4697
				4698	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Pause between snapshots.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/import.html">import</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4699
				4700	<p>Pause for the specified number of seconds before taking the next snapshot.</p>
				4701
				4702	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4703	<h4><a id="ping"></a>-ping</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4704	</div>
				4705
				4706	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>efficiently determine image characteristics.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4707
				4708	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4709	<h4><a id="pointsize"></a>-pointsize <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4710	</div>
				4711
				4712	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>pointsize of the PostScript, OPTION1, or TrueType font.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4713
				4714	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4715	<h4><a id="polaroid"></a>-polaroid <em class="arg">angle</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4716	</div>
				4717
				4718	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate a Polaroid picture.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4719
				4720	<p>Use <kbd>+polaroid</kbd> to rotate the image at a random angle between -15 and +15 degrees.</p>
				4721
				4722	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4723	<h4><a id="posterize"></a>-posterize <em class="arg">levels</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4724	</div>
				4725
				4726	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>reduce the image to a limited number of color levels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4727
				4728	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4729	<h4><a id="precision"></a>-precision <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	d43a46b	2010-01-21 02:13:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4730	</div>
				4731
				4732	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the maximum number of significant digits to be printed.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4733
				4734	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4735	<h4><a id="preview"></a>-preview <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4736	</div>
				4737
				4738	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>image preview type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4739
				4740	<p>Use this option to affect the preview operation of an image (e.g. <kbd>convert file.png -preview Gamma Preview:gamma.png</kbd>). Choose from these previews:</p>
				4741
				4742	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4743	Rotate Shear Roll Hue
				4744	Saturation Brightness Gamma Spiff
				4745	Dull Grayscale Quantize Despeckle
				4746	ReduceNoise Add Noise Sharpen Blur
				4747	Threshold EdgeDetect Spread Shade
				4748	Raise Segment Solarize Swirl
				4749	Implode Wave OilPaint CharcoalDrawing
				4750	JPEG
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4751	</pre>
				4752
				4753	<p>To print a complete list of previews, use the <a href="#list">-list preview</a> option.</p>
				4754
				4755	<p>The default preview is <kbd>JPEG</kbd>.</p>
				4756
				4757	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4758	<h4><a id="print"></a>-print <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4759	</div>
				4760
				4761	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>interpret string and print to console.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4762
				4763	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4764	<h4><a id="process"></a>-process <em class="arg">command</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4765	</div>
				4766
				4767	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>process the image with a custom image filter.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4768
				4769	<p>The command arguments has the form <kbd>"module arg1 arg2 arg3 ... argN"</kbd> where <kbd>module</kbd> is the name of the module to invoke (e.g. "Analyze") and arg1 arg2 arg3 ... argN are an arbitrary number of arguments to pass to the process module.</p>
				4770
				4771	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4772	<h4><a id="profile"></a>-profile <em class="arg">filename</em><br/>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4773	+profile <em class="arg">profile_name</em></h4>
				4774	</div>
				4775
				4776	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Manage ICM, IPTC, or generic profiles in an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4777
				4778	<p>Using <a href="#profile">-profile</a> <em class="arg">filename</em> adds an ICM (ICC color management), IPTC (newswire information), or a generic profile to the image.</p>
				4779
				4780	<p>Use <a href="#profile">+profile <em class="arg">profile_name</em></a> to remove the indicated profile. ImageMagick uses standard filename globbing, so wildcard expressions may be used to remove more than one profile. Here we remove all profiles from the image except for the XMP profile: <kbd>+profile "!xmp,*"</kbd>. </p>
				4781
				4782	<p>Use <kbd>identify -verbose</kbd> to find out which profiles are in the image file. Use <a href="#strip">-strip</a> to remove all profiles (and comments).</p>
				4783
				4784	<p>To extract a profile, the <a href="#profile">-profile</a> option is not used. Instead, simply write the file to an image format such as <em class="arg">APP1, 8BImageMagick, ICM,</em> or <em class="arg">IPTC</em>.</p>
				4785
				4786	<p>For example, to extract the Exif data (which is stored in JPEG files in the <em class="arg">APP1</em> profile), use.</p>
				4787
				4788	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert cockatoo.jpg profile.exif</span></p>
				4789	<p>It is important to note that results may depend on whether or not the original image already has an included profile. Also, keep in mind that <a href="#profile">-profile</a> is an "operator" (as opposed to a "setting") and therefore a conversion is made each time it is encountered, in order, in the command-line. For instance, in the following example, if the original image is CMYK with profile, a CMYK-CMYK-RGB conversion results.</p>
				4790
				4791	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert CMYK.tif -profile "CMYK.icc" -profile "RGB.icc" RGB.tiff</span></p>
				4792	<p>Furthermore, since ICC profiles are not necessarily symmetric, extra conversion steps can yield unwanted results.
				4793	CMYK profiles are often very asymmetric since they involve 3−>4 and 4−>3 channel mapping.
				4794	</p>
				4795
cristy	f796427	2011-01-30 03:49:12 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4796	<p>The <a href="#profile">-profile</a> option can also be used to inject
				4797	previously-formatted ancillary chunks into the output PNG file, using
				4798	the commandline option as shown below or by setting the profile via a
cristy	2bd2a98	2011-02-15 00:52:58 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4799	programming interface:</p>
cristy	f796427	2011-01-30 03:49:12 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4800
cristy	2bd2a98	2011-02-15 00:52:58 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4801	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>-profile PNG-chunk-x:<filename></span></p>
				4802	<p>where <em>x</em> is a location flag and
cristy	f796427	2011-01-30 03:49:12 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4803	<em class="arg">filename</em> is a file containing the chunk
				4804	name in the first 4 bytes, then a colon (":"), followed by the chunk data.
				4805	This encoder will compute the chunk length and CRC, so those must not
cristy	2bd2a98	2011-02-15 00:52:58 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4806	be included in the file.</p>
cristy	f796427	2011-01-30 03:49:12 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4807
cristy	2bd2a98	2011-02-15 00:52:58 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4808	<p>"x" can be "b" (before PLTE), "m" (middle, i.e., between PLTE and IDAT),
cristy	f796427	2011-01-30 03:49:12 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4809	or "e" (end, i.e., after IDAT). If you want to write multiple chunks
				4810	of the same type, then add a short unique string after the "x" to prevent
cristy	2bd2a98	2011-02-15 00:52:58 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4811	subsequent profiles from overwriting the preceding ones, e.g.,</p>
cristy	f796427	2011-01-30 03:49:12 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4812
				4813
				4814	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>-profile PNG-chunk-b01:file01 -profile PNG-chunk-b02:file02</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4815	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4816	<h4><a id="quality"></a>-quality <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4817	</div>
				4818
				4819	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4820
cristy	851dbce	2010-08-06 21:40:00 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4821	<p>For the JPEG and MPEG image formats, quality is 1 (lowest image quality and highest compression) to 100 (best quality but least effective compression). The default is to use the estimate quality of your input image otherwise 92. Use the <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor</a> option to specify the factors for chroma downsampling.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4822
				4823	<p>For the MIFF image format, quality/10 is the zlib compression level, which is 0 (worst but fastest compression) to 9 (best but slowest). It has no effect on the image appearance, since the compression is always lossless.</p>
				4824
cristy	851dbce	2010-08-06 21:40:00 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4825	<p>For the JPEG-2000 image format, quality is mapped using a non-linear equation to the compression ratio required by the Jasper library. This non-linear equation is intended to loosely approximate the quality provided by the JPEG v1 format. The default quality value 100, a request for non-lossy compression. A quality of 75 results in a request for 16:1 compression.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4826
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4827	<p>For the MNG and PNG image formats, the quality value sets the zlib compression level (quality / 10) and filter-type (quality % 10). For compression level 0, the Huffman-only strategy is used, which is fastest but not necessarily the worst compression. The default PNG compression is 75.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4828
				4829	<p>If filter-type is 4 or less, the specified filter-type is used for all scanlines:</p>
				4830
				4831	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4832	0: none
				4833	1: sub
				4834	2: up
				4835	3: average
				4836	4: Paeth
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4837	</pre>
				4838
				4839	<p>If filter-type is 5, adaptive filtering is used when quality is greater than 50 and the image does not have a color map, otherwise no filtering is used.</p>
				4840
				4841	<p>If filter-type is 6, adaptive filtering with <em class="arg">minimum-sum-of-absolute-values</em> is used.</p>
				4842
				4843	<p>Only if the output is MNG, if filter-type is 7, the LOCO color transformation and adaptive filtering with <em class="arg">minimum-sum-of-absolute-values</em> are used.</p>
				4844
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4845	<p>The quality setting has no effect on the appearance of PNG and MNG images, since the compression is always lossless.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4846
				4847	<p>For further information, see the <a href="http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/TR">PNG</a> specification.</p>
				4848
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4849	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4850	<h4><a id="quantize"></a>-quantize <em class="arg">colorspace</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4851	</div>
				4852
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4853	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>reduce colors using this colorspace.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4854
cristy	3c98a4f	2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4855	<p>This setting defines the colorspace used to sort out and reduce the number
				4856	of colors needed by an image (for later dithering) by operators such as <a
				4857	href="#colors" >-colors</a>, Note that color reducion also happens
				4858	automatically when saving images to color-limited image file formats, such as
				4859	GIF, and PNG8.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4860
				4861
				4862	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4863	<h4><a id="quiet"></a>-quiet</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4864	</div>
				4865
				4866	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>suppress all warning messages. Error messages are still reported.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4867
				4868	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4869	<h4><a id="radial-blur"></a>-radial-blur <em class="arg">angle</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4870	</div>
				4871
				4872	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Blur around the center of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4873
				4874	<p>Note that this is actually a rotational blur rather than a radial and as
				4875	such actually mis-named. </p>
				4876
				4877	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				4878	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				4879	</p>
				4880
				4881
				4882	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4883	<h4><a id="raise"></a>-raise <em class="arg">thickness</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4884	</div>
				4885
				4886	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Lighten or darken image edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4887
				4888	<p>This will create a 3-D effect. Use <a href="#raise">-raise</a> to create a raised effect, otherwise use <a href="#raise">+raise</a>.
				4889	</p>
				4890
				4891	<p>Unlike the similar <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option, <a href="#raise">-raise</a> does not alter the dimensions of the image.</p>
				4892
				4893	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4894	<h4><a id="random-threshold"></a>-random-threshold <em class="arg">low</em>x<em class="arg">high</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4895	</div>
				4896
				4897	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a random threshold to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4898
				4899	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4900	<h4><a id="red-primary"></a>-red-primary <em class="arg">x,y</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4901	</div>
				4902
				4903	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the red chromaticity primary point.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4904
				4905	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4906	<h4><a id="regard-warnings"></a>-regard-warnings</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4907	</div>
				4908
				4909	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Pay attention to warning messages.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4910
				4911	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4912	<h4><a id="remap"></a>-remap <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4913	</div>
				4914
				4915	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Reduce the number of colors in an image to the colors used by this image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4916
				4917	<p>If the <a href="#dither">-dither</a> setting is enabled (the default) then
				4918	the given colors are dithered over the image as necessary, otherwise the closest
				4919	color (in RGB colorspace) is selected to replace that pixel in the image. </p>
				4920
				4921	<p>As a side effect of applying a <a href="#remap">-remap</a> of colors across all
				4922	images in the current image sequence, all the images will have the same color
				4923	table. That means that when saved to a file format such as GIF, it will use
				4924	that color table as a single common or global color table, for all the images,
				4925	without requiring extra local color tables. </p>
				4926
				4927	<p>Use <a href="#remap">+remap</a> to reduce all images in the current image
				4928	sequence to use a common color map over all the images. This equivalent to
				4929	appending all the images together (without extra background colors) and color
				4930	reducing those images using <a href="#colors">-colors</a> with a 256 color
				4931	limit, then <a href="#remap">-remap</a> those colors over the original list of
				4932	images. This ensures all the images follow a single color map. </p>
				4933
				4934	<p>If the number of colors over all the images is less than 256, then <a
				4935	href="#remap">+remap</a> should not perform any color reduction or dithering, as
				4936	no color changes are needed. In that case, its only effect is to force the use
				4937	of a global color table. This recommended after using either <a
				4938	href="#colors">-colors</a> or <a href="#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a> to
				4939	reduce the number of colors in an animated image sequence. </p>
				4940
				4941	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4942	<h4><a id="region"></a>-region <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4943	</div>
				4944
				4945	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a region in which subsequent operations apply.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4946
				4947	<p>The <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> offsets are treated in the same manner as in <a href="#crop">-crop</a>.</p>
				4948
				4949	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				4950
				4951	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4952	<h4><a id="remote"></a>-remote</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4953	</div>
				4954
				4955	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>perform a remote operation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4956
				4957	<p>The only command recognized is the name of an image file to load.</p>
				4958
				4959	<p>If you have more than one <a href="../www/display.html">display</a> application running simultaneously, use the <a href="#window"> window</a> option to specify which application to control.</p>
				4960
				4961	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4962	<h4><a id="render"></a>-render</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4963	</div>
				4964
				4965	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>render vector operations.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4966
				4967	<p>Use <a href="#render">+render</a> to turn off rendering vector operations. This useful when saving the result to vector formats such as MVG or SVG.</p>
				4968
				4969	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4970	<h4><a id="repage"></a>-repage <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4971	</div>
				4972
				4973	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adjust the canvas and offset information of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4974
				4975	<p>This option is like <a href="#page">-page</a> but acts as an image operator
				4976	rather than a setting. You can separately set the canvas size or the offset
				4977	of the image on that canvas by only providing those components. </p>
				4978
				4979	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				4980
				4981	<p>If a <kbd>!</kbd> flag is given the offset given is added to the existing
				4982	offset to move the image relative to its previous position. This useful for
				4983	animation sequences. </p>
				4984
				4985	<p>A given a canvas size of zero such as '<kbd>0x0</kbd>' forces it to
				4986	recalculate the canvas size so the image (at its current offset) will appear
				4987	completely on that canvas (unless it has a negative offset).</p>
				4988
				4989	<p>Use <a href="#repage">+repage</a> to completely remove/reset the virtual
				4990	canvas meta-data from the images. </p>
				4991
				4992	<p>The <a href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd>page</kbd>' option can be used to
				4993	directly assign virtual canvas meta-data. </p>
				4994
				4995
				4996	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4997	<h4><a id="resample"></a>-resample <em class="arg">horizontal</em>x<em class="arg">vertical</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4998	</div>
				4999
				5000	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Resample image to specified horizontal and vertical resolution.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5001
				5002	<p>Resize the image so that its rendered size remains the same as the original at the specified target resolution. For example, if a 300 DPI image renders at 3 inches by 2 inches on a 300 DPI device, when the image has been resampled to 72 DPI, it will render at 3 inches by 2 inches on a 72 DPI device. Note that only a small number of image formats (e.g. JPEG, PNG, and TIFF) are capable of storing the image resolution. For formats which do not support an image resolution, the original resolution of the image must be specified via <a href="#density">-density</a> on the command line prior to specifying the resample resolution.</p>
				5003
				5004	<p>Note that Photoshop stores and obtains image resolution from a proprietary embedded profile. If this profile exists in the image, then Photoshop will continue to treat the image using its former resolution, ignoring the image resolution specified in the standard file header.</p>
				5005
				5006	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5007	<h4><a id="resize"></a>-resize <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5008	</div>
				5009
				5010	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Resize an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5011
				5012	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are ignored, and the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
				5013
				5014	<p>If the <a href="#filter">-filter</a> option precedes the <a href="#resize">-resize</a> option, the image is resized with the specified filter.</p>
				5015
cristy	1353896	2010-02-26 17:53:04 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5016	<p>Many image processing algorithms assume your image is in a linear-light coding. If your image is gamma-corrected, you can remove the nonlinear gamma correction, apply the transform, then restore it like this:</p>
				5017
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5018	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert portrait.jpg -gamma .45455 -resize 25% -gamma 2.2 \ <br/> -quality 92 passport.jpg</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5019	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5020	<h4><a id="respect-parentheses"></a>-respect-parentheses</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5021	</div>
				5022
				5023	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>settings remain in effect until parenthesis boundary.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5024
				5025	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5026	<h4><a id="reverse"></a>-reverse</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5027	</div>
				5028
				5029	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Reverse the order of images in the current image list.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5030
				5031
				5032	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5033	<h4><a id="roll"></a>-roll {<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5034	</div>
				5035
				5036	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>roll an image vertically or horizontally by the amount given.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5037
				5038	<p>A negative <em class="arg">x</em> offset rolls the image left-to-right. A negative <em class="arg">y</em> offset rolls the image top-to-bottom.</p>
				5039
				5040
				5041	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5042	<h4><a id="rotate"></a>-rotate <em class="arg">degrees</em>{<em class="arg"><</em>}{<em class="arg">></em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5043	</div>
				5044
				5045	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply Paeth image rotation (using shear operations) to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5046
				5047	<p>Use <kbd>></kbd> to rotate the image only if its width exceeds the height. <kbd><</kbd> rotates the image <em>only</em> if its width is less than the height. For example, if you specify <kbd>-rotate "-90>"</kbd> and the image size is 480x640, the image is not rotated. However, if the image is 640x480, it is rotated by -90 degrees. If you use <kbd>></kbd> or <kbd><</kbd>, enclose it in quotation marks to prevent it from being misinterpreted as a file redirection.</p>
				5048
				5049	<p>Empty triangles in the corners, left over from rotating the image, are
				5050	filled with the <kbd>background</kbd> color. </p>
				5051
				5052	<p>See also the <a href="#distort">-distort</a> operator and specifically the
				5053	'<kbd>ScaleRotateTranslate</kbd>' distort method. </p>
				5054
				5055
				5056	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5057	<h4><a id="sample"></a>-sample <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5058	</div>
				5059
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5060	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>minify/magnify the image using pixel subsampling and pixel replication, respectively.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5061
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5062	<p>Change the image size simply by directly sampling the pixels original
				5063	image. When magnifying, pixels are replicated in blocks. When minifying,
				5064	pixels are sub-sampled (i.e., some rows and columns are skipped over). </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5065
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5066	<p>The results are thus equivalent to using <a href="#resize">-resize</a> with
				5067	a <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting of <kbd>point</kbd> (nearest
				5068	neighbour), though <a href="#sample">-sample</a> is a lot faster, as it
				5069	avoids all the filter processing of the image. As such it completely ignores
				5070	the current <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting. </p>
				5071
				5072	<p>The key feature of the <a href="#sample">-sample</a> is that no new colors
				5073	will be added to the resulting image, though some colors may disappear. </p>
				5074
				5075	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are
				5076	ignored, unlike <a href="#resize">-resize</a>. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5077
				5078
				5079	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5080	<h4><a id="sampling-factor"></a>-sampling-factor <em class="arg">horizontal-factor</em>x<em class="arg">vertical-factor</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5081	</div>
				5082
				5083	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>sampling factors used by JPEG or MPEG-2 encoder and YUV decoder/encoder.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5084
				5085	<p>This option specifies the sampling factors to be used by the JPEG encoder for chroma downsampling. If this option is omitted, the JPEG library will use its own default values. When reading or writing the YUV format and when writing the M2V (MPEG-2) format, use <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor 2x1</a> or <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor 4:2:2</a> to specify the 4:2:2 downsampling method.</p>
				5086
				5087	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5088	<h4><a id="scale"></a>-scale <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5089	</div>
				5090
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5091	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>minify/magnify the image using pixel block averaging and pixel replication, respectively.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5092
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5093	<p>Change the image size simply by replacing pixels by averaging pixels
				5094	together when minifying, or replacing pixels when magnifing. </p>
				5095
				5096	<p>The results are thus equivalent to using <a href="#resize">-resize</a> with
				5097	a <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting of <kbd>box</kbd>. Though it is a lot
				5098	faster, as it avoids all the filter processing of the image. As such it
				5099	completely ignores the current <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting. </p>
				5100
				5101	<p>If when shrinking (minifying) images the original image is some integer
				5102	multiple of the new image size, the number of pixels avergaed together to
				5103	produce the new pixel color is the same across the whole image. This is
				5104	a special case known as 'binning' and is often used as a method of reducing
				5105	noise in image such as those generated by digital cameras, especially in low
				5106	light conditions. </p>
				5107
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5108
				5109	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5110	<h4><a id="scene"></a>-scene <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5111	</div>
				5112
				5113	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set scene number.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5114
				5115	<p>This option sets the scene number of an image or the first image in an image sequence.</p>
				5116
				5117	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5118	<h4><a id="screen"></a>-screen</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5119	</div>
				5120
				5121	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the screen to capture.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5122
				5123	<p>This option indicates that the GetImage request used to obtain the image should be done on the root window, rather than directly on the specified window. In this way, you can obtain pieces of other windows that overlap the specified window, and more importantly, you can capture menus or other popups that are independent windows but appear over the specified window.</p>
				5124
				5125	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5126	<h4><a id="seed"></a>-seed</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5127	</div>
				5128
				5129	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>seed a new sequence of pseudo-random numbers</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5130
				5131	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5132	<h4><a id="segment"></a>-segment <em class="arg">cluster-threshold</em>x<em class="arg">smoothing-threshold</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5133	</div>
				5134
				5135	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>segment the colors of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5136
				5137	<p>Segment an image by analyzing the histograms of the color components and identifying units that are homogeneous with the fuzzy c-means technique. This is part of the ImageMagick color quantization routines. </p>
				5138
				5139	<p>Specify <em class="arg">cluster threshold</em> as the number of pixels in each cluster that must exceed the cluster threshold to be considered valid. <em class="arg">Smoothing threshold</em> eliminates noise in the second derivative of the histogram. As the value is increased, you can expect a smoother second derivative. The default is 1.5.</p>
				5140
				5141	<p>If the <a href="#verbose">-verbose</a> setting is defined, a detailed report
				5142	of the color clusters is returned.</p>
				5143
				5144
				5145	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	8b9dd95	2011-03-21 22:56:18 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5146	<h4><a id="selective-blur"></a>-selective-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-selective-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>{<em class="arg">+threshold</em>}</h4>
cristy	2e2662a	2010-10-09 14:29:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5147	</div>
				5148
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5149	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Selectively blur pixels within a contrast threshold.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5150
cristy	2e2662a	2010-10-09 14:29:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5151	<p>Blurs those pixels that are less than or equal to the threshold in contrast. The threshold may be expressed as a fraction of <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> or as a percentage.</p>
				5152
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5153	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5154	<h4><a id="separate"></a>-separate</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5155	</div>
				5156
				5157	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>separate an image channel into a grayscale image. Specify the channel with <a href="#channel">-channel</a>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5158
				5159	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5160	<h4><a id="sepia-tone"></a>-sepia-tone <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5161	</div>
				5162
				5163	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate a sepia-toned photo.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5164
				5165	<p>Specify <em class="arg">threshold</em> as the percent threshold of the intensity (0 - 99.9%).</p>
				5166
				5167	<p>This option applies a special effect to the image, similar to the effect achieved in a photo darkroom by sepia toning. Threshold ranges from 0 to <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> and is a measure of the extent of the sepia toning. A threshold of 80% is a good starting point for a reasonable tone.</p>
				5168
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5169
				5170
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5171	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5172	<h4><a id="set"></a>-set <em class="arg">key value</em></h4>
				5173	<h4>+set <em class="arg">key</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5174	</div>
				5175
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5176	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>sets image attributes and properties for images in the current
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5177	image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5178
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5179	<p>This will assign (or modify) specific settings attached to all the images
				5180	in the current image sequence. Using the <a href="#set">+set</a> form of the
				5181	option will either remove, or reset that setting to a default state, as
				5182	appropriate. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5183
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5184	<p>For example, it will modify specific well known image meta-data
				5185	'attributes' such as those normally overridden by: the options <a
				5186	href="#delay" >-delay</a>, <a href="#dispose" >-dispose</a>, and <a
				5187	href="#page" >-page</a>, <a href="#colorspace" >-colorspace</a>; generally
				5188	assigned before the image is read in, by using a <em class="arg">key</em> of
				5189	the same name. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5190
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5191	<p>If the given <em class="arg">key</em> does not match a specific known
				5192	'attribute ', such as shown above, the setting is stored as a a free form
cristy	323f35b	2011-03-24 23:05:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5193	'property' string. Such settings are listed in <a href="#verbose"
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5194	>-verbose</a> information ("<kbd>info:</kbd>" output format) as "Properties".
				5195	</p>
				5196
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5197	<p>This includes string 'properities' that are set by and assigned to images
				5198	using the options <a href="#comment" >-comment</a>, <a href="#label"
				5199	>-label</a>, <a href="#caption" >-caption</a>. These options actually assign
				5200	a global 'artifact' which are automatically assigned (and any <a href="../www/escape.html" >Format Percent
				5201	Escapes</a> expanded) to images as they are read in. For example:</p>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5202
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5203	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set comment 'Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose' rose.png</span><span class='crtout'>identify -format %c rose.png</span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose</span></p>
				5204	<p>The set value can also make use of <a href="../www/escape.html" >Format and Print Image
				5205	Properties</a> in the defined value. For example:</p>
				5206
				5207	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set origsize '%wx%h' -resize 50% \</span><span class='crtout'> -format 'Old size = %[origsize] New size = %wx%h' info:</span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>Old size = 70x46 New size = 35x23</span></p>
				5208	<p>Other well known 'properities' that can be include:
				5209	'<kbd>date:create</kbd>' and '<kbd>date:modify</kbd>' and
				5210	'<kbd>signature</kbd>'. </p>
				5211
				5212	<p>The <a href="#repage">-repage</a> operator will also allow you to modify
				5213	the '<kbd>page</kbd>' attribute of an image for images already in memory (also
				5214	see <a href="#repage">-page</a>). However it is designed to provide a finer
				5215	control of the sub-parts of this 'attribute'. The <a href="#set">-set page</a>
				5216	option will only provide a direct, unmodified assignment of '<kbd>page</kbd>'
				5217	attribute. </p>
				5218
				5219	<p>This option can also associate a colorspace or profile with your image.
				5220	For example,</p>
				5221
				5222	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.psd -set profile ISOcoated_v2_eci.icc image-icc.psd</span></p>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5223	<p>Some 'properties' must be defined in a specific way to be used. For
				5224	example only 'properties' prefixed with "<kbd>filename:</kbd>" can be used to
				5225	modify the output filename of an image. For example</p>
				5226
				5227	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set filename:mysize '%wx%h' 'rose_%[filename:mysize].png'</span></p>
				5228	<p>If the setting value is prefixed with "<kbd>option:</kbd>" the setting will
				5229	be saved as a global "Artifact" exactly as if it was set using the <a
cristy	f9a6c46	2011-04-24 14:01:11 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	5230	href="#define" >-define</a> option. As such settings are global in scope, they
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5231	can be used to pass 'attributes' and 'properities' of one specific image,
				5232	in a way that allows you to use them in a completely different image, even if
				5233	the original image has long since been modified or destroyed. For example: </p>
				5234
				5235	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set option:rosesize '%wx%h' -delete 0 \</span><span class='crtout'> label:'%[rosesize]' label_size_of_rose.gif</span></p>
				5236	<p>Note that <a href="../www/escape.html" >Format Percent Escapes</a> will only match
				5237	a 'artifact' if the given <em class="arg">key</em> does not match an existing
cristy	323f35b	2011-03-24 23:05:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5238	'attribute' or 'property'. </p>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5239
				5240	<p>You can set the attributes of the image registry by prefixing the value
				5241	with <kbd>registry:</kbd>.</p>
				5242
				5243
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5244
				5245	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5246	<h4><a id="shade"></a>-shade <em class="arg">azimuth</em>x<em class="arg">elevation</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5247	</div>
				5248
				5249	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>shade the image using a distant light source.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5250
				5251	<p>Specify <em class="arg">azimuth</em> and <em class="arg">elevation</em> as the position of the light source. Use <a href="#shade">+shade</a> to return the shading results as a grayscale image.</p>
				5252
				5253	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5254	<h4><a id="shadow"></a>-shadow <em class="arg">percent-opacity</em>{x<em class="arg">sigma</em>}{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5255	</div>
				5256
				5257	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate an image shadow.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5258
				5259	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5260	<h4><a
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5261	id="shared-memory"></a>-shared-memory</h4>
				5262	</div>
				5263
				5264	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>use shared memory.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5265
				5266	<p>This option specifies whether the utility should attempt to use shared memory for pixmaps. ImageMagick must be compiled with shared memory support, and the display must support the <em class="arg">MIT-SHM</em> extension. Otherwise, this option is ignored. The default is <kbd>True</kbd>.</p>
				5267
				5268	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5269	<h4><a id="sharpen"></a>-sharpen <em class="arg">radius</em>{x<em class="arg">sigma</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5270	</div>
				5271
				5272	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>sharpen the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5273
				5274	<p>Use a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma).</p>
				5275
				5276	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5277	<h4><a id="shave"></a>-shave <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5278	</div>
				5279
				5280	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Shave pixels from the image edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5281
				5282	<p>The <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument specifies the width of the region to be removed from both sides of the image and the height of the regions to be removed from top and bottom. Offsets are ignored.</p>
				5283
				5284	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				5285
				5286	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5287	<h4><a id="shear"></a>-shear <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em>[x<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em>]</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5288	</div>
				5289
				5290	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Shear the image along the x-axis and/or y-axis.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5291
				5292	<p>The shear angles may be positive, negative, or zero. When <em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> is omitted it defaults to 0. When both angles are given, the horizontal component of the shear is performed before the vertical component.</p>
				5293
				5294	<p>Shearing slides one edge of an image along the x-axis or y-axis (i.e., horizontally or vertically, respectively),creating a parallelogram. The amount of each is controlled by the respective shear angle. For horizontal shears, <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em> is measured clockwise relative to "up" (the negative y-axis), sliding the top edge to the right when 0°<<em class="arg">Xdegrees</em><90° and to the left when 90°<<em class="arg">Xdegrees</em><180°. For vertical shears <em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> is measured clockwise relative to "right" (the positive x-axis), sliding the right edge down when 0°<<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em><90° and up when 90°<<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em><180°.</p>
				5295
				5296	<p>Empty triangles left over from shearing the image are filled with the color defined by the <a href="#fill">-background</a> option. The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				5297
				5298	<p>The horizontal shear is performed before the vertical part. This is important to note, since horizontal and vertical shears do not <em>commute</em>, i.e., the order matters in a sequence of shears. For example, the following two commands are not equivalent.</p>
				5299
				5300	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -shear 20x0 -shear 0x60 logo-sheared.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -shear 0x60 -shear 20x0 logo-sheared.png</span></p>
				5301	<p>The first of the two commands above is equivalent to the following, except for the amount of empty space created; the command that follows generates a smaller image, and so is a better choice in terms of time and space.</p>
				5302
				5303	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -shear 20x60 logo-sheared.png</span></p>
				5304	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5305	<h4><a id="sigmoidal-contrast"></a>-sigmoidal-contrast <em class="arg">contrast</em>x<em class="arg">mid-point</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5306	</div>
				5307
				5308	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>increase the contrast without saturating highlights or shadows.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5309
				5310	<p>Increase the contrast of the image using a sigmoidal transfer function without saturating highlights or shadows. <em class="arg">Contrast</em> indicates how much to increase the contrast (0 is none; 3 is typical; 20 is a lot); <em class="arg">mid-point</em> indicates where midtones fall in the resultant image (0 is white; 50% is middle-gray; 100% is black). By default the image contrast is increased, use <em class="arg">+sigmoidal-contrast</em> to decrease the contrast.</p>
				5311
				5312	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5313	<h4><a id="silent"></a>-silent</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5314	</div>
				5315
				5316	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>operate silently.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5317
				5318	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5319	<h4><a id="size"></a>-size <em class="arg">width</em>[x<em class="arg">height</em>][<em class="arg">+offset</em>]</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5320	</div>
				5321
				5322	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the width and height of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5323
				5324	<p>Use this option to specify the width and height of raw images whose dimensions are unknown such as <kbd>GRAY</kbd>, <kbd>RGB</kbd>, or <kbd>CMYK</kbd>. In addition to width and height, use <a href="#size">-size</a> with an offset to skip any header information in the image or tell the number of colors in a <kbd>MAP</kbd> image file, (e.g. -size 640x512+256).</p>
				5325
				5326	<p>For Photo CD images, choose from these sizes:</p>
				5327
				5328	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5329	192x128
				5330	384x256
				5331	768x512
				5332	1536x1024
				5333	3072x2048
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5334	</pre>
				5335
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5336	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5337	<h4><a id="sketch"></a>-sketch <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-sketch <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>+<em class="arg">angle</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5338	</div>
				5339
				5340	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate a pencil sketch.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5341
				5342	<p>Sketch with the given radius, standard deviation (sigma), and angle. The angle given is the angle toward which the image is sketched. That is the direction people would consider the object is coming from. </p>
				5343
				5344	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	2d67ddd	2011-02-13 15:38:23 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5345	<h4><a id="smush"></a>-smush <em class="arg">offset</em></h4>
				5346	</div>
				5347
				5348	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>smush an image sequence together.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5349
				5350	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5351	<h4><a id="snaps"></a>-snaps <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5352	</div>
				5353
				5354	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the number of screen snapshots.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/import.html">import</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5355
				5356	<p>Use this option to grab more than one image from the X server screen, to create an animation sequence.</p>
				5357
				5358	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5359	<h4><a id="solarize"></a>-solarize <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5360	</div>
				5361
				5362	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>negate all pixels above the threshold level.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5363
				5364	<p>Specify <em class="arg">factor</em> as the percent threshold of the intensity (0 - 99.9%).</p>
				5365
				5366	<p>This option produces a <em class="arg">solarization</em> effect seen when exposing a photographic film to light during the development process.</p>
				5367
				5368	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5369	<h4><a id="sparse-color"></a>-sparse-color <em
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5370	class="arg">method</em> '<em class="arg">x</em>,<em class="arg">y</em> <em class="arg">color</em> ...'</h4>
				5371	</div>
				5372
				5373	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'> color the given image using the specified points of color, and filling the other intervening colors using the given methods. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5374
				5375
				5376	<table class="doc">
				5377	<tbody>
				5378	<tr valign="top">
				5379	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				5380	<th align="left">Description</th>
				5381	</tr>
				5382
				5383	<tr valign="top">
				5384	<td valign="top">voronoi</td>
				5385	<td valign="top">Simply map each pixel to the to nearest color point
				5386	given. The result are polygonal 'cells' of solid color. </td>
				5387	</tr>
				5388
				5389	<tr valign="top">
				5390	<td valign="top">shepards</td>
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5391	<td valign="top">Colors points biased on the ratio of inverse distance
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5392	squared. Generating spots of color in a sea of the average of
				5393	colors. </td>
				5394	</tr>
				5395
				5396	<tr valign="top">
				5397	<td valign="top">barycentric</td>
				5398	<td valign="top">three point triangle of color given 3 points.
				5399	Giving only 2 points will form a linear gradient between those points.
				5400	Gradient is however not restricted to just the triangle or line. </td>
				5401	</tr>
				5402
				5403	<tr valign="top">
				5404	<td valign="top">bilinear</td>
				5405	<td valign="top">Like barycentric but for 4 points. Less than 4 points
				5406	fall back to barycentric. </td>
				5407	</tr>
				5408
				5409	</tbody>
				5410	</table>
				5411
				5412	<p>The points are placed according to the images location on the virtual
				5413	canvas (<a href="#page" >-page</a> or <a href="#repage" >-repage</a>
				5414	offset), and do not actually have to exist on the given image, but may be
				5415	some point beyond the edge of the image. All points are floating point values.
				5416	</p>
				5417
				5418	<p>Only the color channels defined by the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> are
				5419	modified, whcih means the matte/alpha transparency channel is not effected by
				5420	default. If enabled, the image also needs a the matte/alpha channel to be
				5421	enabled for this operator to effect an images transparency. This is typical
				5422	transparency handling for images. </p>
				5423
				5424	<p>All the above methods when given a single point of color will replace all
				5425	the colors in the image with the color given, regardless of the point. This is
				5426	logical, and provides an alternative technique to recolor a image to some
				5427	default value. </p>
				5428
				5429
				5430	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5431	<h4><a id="splice"></a>-splice <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5432	</div>
				5433
				5434	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Splice the current background color into the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5435
				5436	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. See <a href="#background">-background</a> to reset the background color.</p>
				5437
				5438	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5439	<h4><a id="spread"></a>-spread <em class="arg">amount</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5440	</div>
				5441
				5442	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>displace image pixels by a random amount.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5443
				5444	<p>The argument <em class="arg">amount</em> defines the size of the neighborhood around each pixel from which to choose a candidate pixel to swap.</p>
				5445
				5446	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	323f35b	2011-03-24 23:05:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5447	<h4><a id="statistic"></a>-statistic <em class="arg">type</em> <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	b52981c	2011-03-19 17:09:31 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5448	</div>
				5449
				5450	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>replace each pixel with corresponding statistic from the neighborhood.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/convert.html">convert</a>, <a href="../www/mogrify.html">mogrify</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5451
				5452	<p>Choose from these statistic types:</p>
				5453	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5454	Gradient maximum difference in area
				5455	Maximum maximum value per channel in neighborhood
				5456	Minimum minimum value per channel in neighborhood
				5457	Mean average value per channel in neighborhood
				5458	Median median value per channel in neighborhood
				5459	Mode mode (most frequent) value per channel in neighborhood
				5460	Nonpeak value just before or after the median value per channel in neighborhood
cristy	b52981c	2011-03-19 17:09:31 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5461	</pre>
				5462
				5463	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5464	<h4><a id="stegano"></a>-stegano <em class="arg">offset</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5465	</div>
				5466
				5467	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>hide watermark within an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5468
				5469	<p>Use an offset to start the image hiding some number of pixels from the beginning of the image. Note this offset and the image size. You will need this information to recover the steganographic image (e.g. display -size 320x256+35 stegano:image.png).</p>
				5470
				5471	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5472	<h4><a id="stereo"></a>-stereo <em class="arg">+x</em>{<em class="arg">+y</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5473	</div>
				5474
				5475	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>composite two images to create a stereo anaglyph.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5476
				5477	<p>The left side of the stereo pair is saved as the red channel of the output image. The right side is saved as the green channel. Red-green stereo glasses are required to properly view the stereo image.</p>
				5478
				5479	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5480	<h4><a id="storage-type"></a>-storage-type <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5481	</div>
				5482
				5483	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>pixel storage type. Here are the valid types:</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5484
				5485	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5486	char unsigned characters
				5487	double doubles
				5488	float floats
				5489	integer integers
				5490	long longs
				5491	quantum pixels in the native depth of your ImageMagick distribution
				5492	short unsigned shorts
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5493	</pre>
				5494
				5495	<p>Float and double types are normalized from 0.0 to 1.0 otherwise the pixels
				5496	values range from 0 to the maximum value the storage type can support.</p>
				5497
				5498	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5499	<h4><a id="stretch"></a>-stretch <em class="arg">fontStretch</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5500	</div>
				5501
				5502	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a type of stretch style for fonts.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5503
				5504	<p>This setting suggests a type of stretch that ImageMagick should try to apply to the currently selected font family. Select <em class="arg">fontStretch</em> from the following.</p>
				5505
				5506	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5507	Any
				5508	Condensed
				5509	Expanded
				5510	ExtraCondensed
				5511	ExtraExpanded
				5512	Normal
				5513	SemiCondensed
				5514	SemiExpanded
				5515	UltraCondensed
				5516	UltraExpanded
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5517	</pre>
				5518
				5519	<p>To print a complete list of stretch types, use <a href="#list">-list stretch</a>.</p>
				5520
				5521	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#style">-style</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
				5522
				5523	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5524	<h4><a id="strip"></a>-strip</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5525	</div>
				5526
				5527	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>strip the image of any profiles or comments.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5528
				5529	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5530	<h4><a id="stroke"></a>-stroke <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5531	</div>
				5532
				5533	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>color to use when stroking a graphic primitive.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5534
				5535	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				5536
				5537	<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				5538
				5539	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5540	<h4><a id="strokewidth"></a>-strokewidth <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5541	</div>
				5542
				5543	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the stroke width.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5544
				5545	<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				5546
				5547	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5548	<h4><a id="style"></a>-style <em class="arg">fontStyle</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5549	</div>
				5550
				5551	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a font style for text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5552
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5553	<p>This setting suggests a font style that ImageMagick should try to apply to
				5554	the currently selected font family. Select <em class="arg">fontStyle</em> from
				5555	the following.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5556
				5557	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5558	Any
				5559	Italic
				5560	Normal
				5561	Oblique
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5562	</pre>
				5563
				5564	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
				5565
				5566	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5567	<h4><a id="subimage-search"></a>-subimage-search</h4>
cristy	ae6203d	2010-08-09 01:12:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5568	</div>
				5569
cristy	d4d64ed	2010-08-22 22:19:33 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5570	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>search for subimage.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/compare.html">compare</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5571
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5572	<p>This option is required to have compare search for the best match location
				5573	of a small image within a larger image. This search will produce two images
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5574	(or two frames). The first is the "difference" image and the second will
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5575	be the "match score" image.</p>
				5576
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5577	<p>The "match-score" image is smaller containing a pixel for ever possible
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5578	position of the top-left corner of the given sub-image. that is its size will
				5579	be the size of the larger_image - sub_image + 1. The brightest location in
				5580	this image is the location s the locate on the best match that is also
				5581	reported. Note that this may or may nor be a perfect match, and the actual
				5582	brightness will reflect this. Other bright 'peaks' can be used to locate other
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5583	possible matching loctions. </p>
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5584
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5585	<p>Note that the search will try to compare teh sub-image at every possible
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5586	location in the larger image, as such it can be very slow. The smaller the
cristy	d0bd44a	2010-09-24 12:38:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5587	sub-image the faster this search is. </p>
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5588
cristy	ae6203d	2010-08-09 01:12:14 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5589
				5590	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5591	<h4><a id="swap"></a>-swap <em class="arg">index,index</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5592	</div>
				5593
				5594	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Swap the positions of two images in the image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5595
cristy	71a3f60	2010-09-15 12:38:16 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5596	<p>For example, <a href="#swap">-swap 0,2</a> swaps the first and the third
				5597	images in the current image sequence. Use <a href="#swap">+swap</a> to switch
				5598	the last two images in the sequence.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5599
				5600	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5601	<h4><a id="swirl"></a>-swirl <em class="arg">degrees</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5602	</div>
				5603
				5604	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>swirl image pixels about the center.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5605
				5606	<p><em class="arg">Degrees</em> defines the tightness of the swirl.</p>
				5607
				5608	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5609	<h4><a id="synchronize"></a>-synchronize</h4>
cristy	5063d81	2010-10-19 16:28:10 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5610	</div>
				5611
				5612	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>synchronize image to storage device.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5613
				5614	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5615	<h4><a id="taint"></a>-taint</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5616	</div>
				5617
cristy	5063d81	2010-10-19 16:28:10 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5618	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mark the image as modified.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5619
				5620	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5621	<h4><a id="text-font"></a>-text-font <em class="arg">name</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5622	</div>
				5623
				5624	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>font for writing fixed-width text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5625
				5626	<p>Specifies the name of the preferred font to use in fixed (typewriter style) formatted text. The default is 14 point <em class="arg">Courier</em>.</p>
				5627
				5628	<p>You can tag a font to specify whether it is a PostScript, TrueType, or OPTION1 font. For example, <kbd>Courier.ttf</kbd> is a TrueType font and <kbd>x:fixed</kbd> is OPTION1.</p>
				5629
				5630	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5631	<h4><a id="texture"></a>-texture <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5632	</div>
				5633
				5634	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>name of texture to tile onto the image background.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5635
				5636	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5637	<h4><a id="threshold"></a>-threshold <em class="arg">value</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5638	</div>
				5639
				5640	<!-- {<em class="arg">green,blue,opacity</em>}
				5641	<p>If the green or blue value is omitted, these channels use the same value as the first one provided. If all three color values are the same, the result is a bi-level image. If the opacity threshold is omitted, OpaqueOpacity is used and any partially transparent pixel becomes fully transparent.</p>
				5642	-->
				5643
				5644	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply simultaneous black/white threshold to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5645
				5646	<p>Any pixel values (more specifically, those channels set using <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a>) that exceed the specified threshold are reassigned the maximum channel value, while all other values are assigned the minimum.</p>
				5647
				5648	<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer value corresponding to the desired channel value. When given as an integer, the minimum attainable value is 0 (corresponding to black when all channels are affected), but the maximum value (corresponding to white) is that of the <kbd>quantum depth</kbd> of the particular build of ImageMagick, and is therefore dependent on the installation. For that reason, a reasonable recommendation for most applications is to specify the threshold values as a percentage.
				5649	</p>
				5650
				5651	<p> The following would force pixels with red values above 50% to have 100% red values, while those at or below 50% red would be set to 0 in the red channel. The green, blue, and alpha channels (if present) would be unchanged. </p>
				5652
				5653	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -channel red -threshold 50% out.png</span></p>
				5654	<p>As (possibly) impractical but instructive examples, the following would generate an all-black and an all-white image with the same dimensions as the input image.</p>
				5655
				5656
				5657	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -threshold 100% black.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -threshold -1 white.png</span></p>
				5658	<p>Note that the values of the transparency channel is treated as 'matte'
				5659	values (0 is opaque) and not as 'alpha' values (0 is transparent).</p>
				5660
				5661	<p> See also <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#black-threshold">‑black‑threshold</a> and <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#white-threshold">‑white‑threshold</a>.
				5662	</p>
				5663
				5664	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5665	<h4><a id="thumbnail"></a>-thumbnail <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5666	</div>
				5667
				5668	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Create a thumbnail of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5669
				5670	<p>This is similar to <a href="#resize">-resize</a>, except it is optimized for speed and any image profile, other than a color profile, is removed to reduce the thumbnail size. To strip the color profiles as well, add <a href="#strip">-strip</a> just before of after this option.</p>
				5671
				5672	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				5673
				5674	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5675	<h4><a id="tile"></a>-tile <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5676	</div>
				5677
				5678	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the tile image used for filling a subsequent graphic primitive.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5679
				5680	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5681	<h4>-tile <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				5682	</div>
				5683
				5684	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify the layout of images .</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5685
				5686	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				5687
				5688	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5689	<h4>-tile</h4>
				5690	</div>
				5691
				5692	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specifies that a subsequent composite operation is repeated across and down image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5693
				5694	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5695	<h4><a id="tile-offset"></a>-tile-offset {<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5696	</div>
				5697
				5698	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify the offset for tile images, relative to the background image it is tiled on.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5699
				5700	<p>This should be set before the tiling image is set by <a href="#tile" >-tile</a> or <a href="#texture" >-texture</a>, or directly applied for creating a tiled canvas using <kbd>TILE:</kbd> or <kbd>PATTERN:</kbd> input formats. </p>
				5701
				5702	<p>Internally ImageMagick does a <a href="#roll" >-roll</a> of the tile image by the arguments given when the tile image is set. </p>
				5703
				5704	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5705	<h4><a id="tint"></a>-tint <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5706	</div>
				5707
				5708	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Tint the image with the fill color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5709
				5710	<p>Tint the image with the fill color.</p>
				5711
				5712	<p>Specify the amount of tinting as a percentage. Pure colors like black, white red, yellow, will not be affected by -tint. Only mid-range colors such as the various shades of grey.</p>
				5713
				5714	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5715	<h4><a id="title"></a>-title <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5716	</div>
				5717
				5718	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Assign a title to displayed image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>, <a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5719
				5720	<p>Use this option to assign a specific title to the image. This assigned to the image window and is typically displayed in the window title bar. Optionally you can include the image filename, type, width, height, Exif data, or other image attribute by embedding special format characters described under the <a href="#format">-format</a> option.</p>
				5721
				5722	<p>For example,</p>
				5723
				5724	<p class="crtsnip">
				5725	-title "%m:%f %wx%h"
				5726	</p>
				5727
				5728	<p>produces an image title of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> for an image titled <kbd>bird.miff</kbd> and whose width is 512 and height is 480.</p>
				5729
				5730
				5731	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5732	<h4><a id="transform"></a>-transform</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5733	</div>
				5734
				5735	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>transform the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5736
				5737	<p>This option applies the transformation matrix from a previous <a href="#affine">-affine</a> option.</p>
				5738
				5739	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -affine 2,2,-2,2,0,0 -transform bird.ppm bird.jpg</span></p>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5740
				5741	<p>This operator has been now been superseded by the <a
				5742	href="#distort">-distort</a> '<kbd>AffineProjection</kbd>' method. </p>
				5743
				5744
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5745	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5746	<h4><a id="transparent"></a>-transparent <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5747	</div>
				5748
				5749	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Make this color transparent within the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5750
				5751	<p>The <em class="arg">color</em> argument is defined using the format
				5752	described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option. The <a href="#fuzz"
				5753	>-fuzz</a> setting can be used to match and replace colors similar to the one
				5754	given. </p>
				5755
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5756	<p>Use <a href="#transparent" >+transparent</a> to invert the pixels matched.
				5757	that is make all non-matching colors transparent. </p>
				5758
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5759	<p>The <a href="#opaque">-opaque</a> operator is exactly the same as <a
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5760	href="#transparent" >-transparent</a> but replaces the matching color with the
				5761	current <a href="#fill">-fill</a> color setting, rather than transparent.
				5762	However the <a href="#transparent" >-transparent</a> operator also ensures
				5763	that the image has an alpha channel enabled, as per "<kbd><a href="#alpha"
				5764	>-alpha</a> set</kbd>", and does not require you to modify the <a
				5765	href="#channel">-channel</a> to enable alpha channel handling. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5766
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5767	<p>Note that this does not define the color as being the 'transparency color'
				5768	used for color-mapped image formats, such as GIF. For that use <a
				5769	href="#transparent-color" >-transparent-color</a> </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5770
				5771
				5772	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5773	<h4><a id="transparent-color"></a>-transparent-color <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5774	</div>
				5775
				5776	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the transparent color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5777
				5778	<p>Sometimes this is used for saving to image formats such as
				5779	GIF and PNG8 which uses this color to represent boolean transparency. This
				5780	does not make a color transparent, it only defines what color the transparent
				5781	color is in the color palette of the saved image. Use <a
				5782	href="#transparent">-transparent</a> to make an opaque color transparent.</p>
				5783
				5784	<p>This option allows you to have both an opaque visible color, as well as a
				5785	transparent color of the same color value without conflict. That is, you can
				5786	use the same color for both the transparent and opaque color areas within an
				5787	image. This, in turn, frees to you to select a transparent color that is
				5788	appropriate when an image is displayed by an application that does not handle a
				5789	transparent color index, while allowing ImageMagick to correctly handle images of this
				5790	type. </p>
				5791
				5792	<p>The default transparent color is <kbd>#00000000</kbd>, which is fully transparent black.</p>
				5793
				5794	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5795	<h4><a id="transpose"></a>-transpose</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5796	</div>
				5797
				5798	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mirror the image along the top-left to bottom-right diagonal.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5799
				5800	<p> This option mathematically transposes the pixel array. It is equivalent to the sequence <kbd>-flip -rotate 90</kbd>.
				5801	</p>
				5802
				5803	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5804	<h4><a id="transverse"></a>-transverse</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5805	</div>
				5806
				5807	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mirror the image along the images bottom-left top-right diagonal. Equivalent to the operations <kbd>-flop -rotate 90</kbd>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5808
				5809
				5810	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5811	<h4><a id="treedepth"></a>-treedepth <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5812	</div>
				5813
				5814	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>tree depth for the color reduction algorithm.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5815
				5816	<p>Normally, this integer value is zero or one. A value of zero or one causes the use of an optimal tree depth for the color reduction algorithm.</p>
				5817
				5818	<p>An optimal depth generally allows the best representation of the source image with the fastest computational speed and the least amount of memory. However, the default depth is inappropriate for some images. To assure the best representation, try values between 2 and 8 for this parameter. Refer to the <a href="../www/quantize.html">color reduction algorithm</a> for more details.</p>
				5819
				5820	<p>The <a href="#colors">-colors</a> or <a href="#monochrome">-monochrome</a> option, or writing to an image format which requires color reduction, is required for this option to take effect.</p>
				5821
				5822	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5823	<h4><a id="trim"></a>-trim</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5824	</div>
				5825
				5826	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>trim an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5827
				5828	<p>This option removes any edges that are exactly the same color as the corner pixels. Use <a href="#fuzz">-fuzz</a> to make <a href="#trim">-trim</a> remove edges that are nearly the same color as the corner pixels.</p>
				5829
				5830	<p>The page or virtual canvas information of the image is preserved allowing
				5831	you to extract the result of the <a href="#trim">-trim</a> operation from the
				5832	image. Use a <a href="#repage">+repage</a> to remove the virtual canvas page
				5833	information if it is unwanted.</p>
				5834
				5835	<p>If the trimmed image 'disappears' an warning is produced, and a special
				5836	single pixel transparent 'missed' image is returned, in the same way as when a
				5837	<a href="#crop">-crop</a> operation 'misses' the image proper. </p>
				5838
				5839
				5840	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5841	<h4><a id="type"></a>-type <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5842	</div>
				5843
				5844	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the image type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	efb2bdb	2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5845	<p>Choose from: <kbd>Bilevel</kbd>, <kbd>Grayscale</kbd>, <kbd>GrayscaleMatte</kbd>, <kbd>Palette</kbd>, <kbd>PaletteMatte</kbd>, <kbd>TrueColor</kbd>, <kbd>TrueColorMatte</kbd>, <kbd>ColorSeparation</kbd>, or <kbd>ColorSeparationMatte</kbd>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5846
				5847	<p>Normally, when a format supports different subformats such as grayscale and truecolor, the encoder will try to choose an efficient subformat. The <a href="#type">-type</a> option can be used to overrride this behavior. For example, to prevent a JPEG from being written in grayscale format even though only gray pixels are present, use.</p>
				5848
				5849	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert bird.png -type TrueColor bird.jpg</span></p>
				5850	<p>Similarly, use <a href="#type">-type TrueColorMatte</a> to force the encoder to write an alpha channel even though the image is opaque, if the output format supports transparency.</p>
				5851
				5852	<p>Use <a href="#type">-type optimize</a> to ensure the image is written in the smallest possible file size.</p>
				5853
				5854	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5855	<h4><a id="undercolor"></a>-undercolor <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5856	</div>
				5857
				5858	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the color of the annotation bounding box.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5859
				5860	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				5861
				5862	<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				5863
				5864
				5865	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5866	<h4><a id="update"></a>-update <em class="arg">seconds</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5867	</div>
				5868
				5869	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>detect when image file is modified and redisplay.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5870
				5871	<p>Suppose that while you are displaying an image the file that is currently displayed is over-written. <kbd>display</kbd> will automagically detect that the input file has been changed and update the displayed image accordingly.</p>
				5872
				5873
				5874	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5875	<h4><a id="unique-colors"></a>-unique-colors</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5876	</div>
				5877
				5878	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>discard all but one of any pixel color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5879
				5880
				5881	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5882	<h4><a id="units"></a>-units <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5883	</div>
				5884
				5885	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the units of image resolution.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5886
				5887	<p>Choose from: <kbd>Undefined</kbd>, <kbd>PixelsPerInch</kbd>, or <kbd>PixelsPerCentimeter</kbd>. This option is normally used in conjunction with the <a href="#density">-density</a> option.</p>
				5888
				5889
				5890	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5891	<h4><a id="unsharp"></a>-unsharp <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-unsharp <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>{<em class="arg">+amount</em>}{<em class="arg">+threshold</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5892	</div>
				5893
				5894	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>sharpen the image with an unsharp mask operator.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5895
				5896	<p>The <a href="#unsharp">-unsharp</a> option sharpens an image. The image is convolved with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma). For reasonable results, radius should be larger than sigma. Use a radius of 0 to have the method select a suitable radius.</p>
				5897
				5898	<p>The parameters are:</p>
				5899
				5900	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5901	radius The radius of the Gaussian, in pixels, not counting the center
				5902	pixel (default 0).
				5903	sigma The standard deviation of the Gaussian, in pixels (default 1.0).
				5904	amount The fraction of the difference between the original and the blur
				5905	image that is added back into the original (default 1.0).
				5906	threshold The threshold, as a fraction of <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>, needed to apply the
				5907	difference amount (default 0.05).
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5908	</pre>
				5909
				5910
				5911	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5912	<h4><a id="verbose"></a>-verbose</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5913	</div>
				5914
cristy	d0bda5e	2010-09-21 16:22:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5915	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>print detailed information about the image when this option precedes the <a href="#identify">-identify</a> option or <kbd>info:</kbd>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5916
				5917
				5918	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5919	<h4><a id="version"></a>-version</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5920	</div>
				5921
				5922	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>print ImageMagick version string and exit.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5923
				5924
				5925	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5926	<h4><a id="view"></a>-view <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5927	</div>
				5928
				5929	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>FlashPix viewing parameters.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5930
				5931
				5932	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5933	<h4><a id="vignette"></a>-vignette <em class="arg">radius</em>{x<em class="arg">sigma</em>}{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5934	</div>
				5935
				5936	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>soften the edges of the image in vignette style.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5937
				5938
				5939	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5940	<h4><a id="virtual-pixel"></a>-virtual-pixel <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5941	</div>
				5942
				5943	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify contents of <em>virtual pixels</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5944
				5945	<p>This option defines what color source should be used if and when a color
				5946	lookup completely 'misses' the source image. The color(s) that appear to
				5947	surround the source image. Generally this color is derived from the source
				5948	image, but could also be set to a specify background color. </p>
				5949
				5950	<p>Choose from these methods:</p>
				5951
				5952	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5953	background the area surrounding the image is the background color
				5954	black the area surrounding the image is black
				5955	checker-tile alternate squares with image and background color
				5956	dither non-random 32x32 dithered pattern
				5957	edge extend the edge pixel toward infinity
				5958	gray the area surrounding the image is gray
				5959	horizontal-tile horizontally tile the image, background color above/below
				5960	horizontal-tile-edge horizontally tile the image and replicate the side edge pixels
				5961	mirror mirror tile the image
				5962	random choose a random pixel from the image
				5963	tile tile the image (default)
				5964	transparent the area surrounding the image is transparent blackness
				5965	vertical-tile vertically tile the image, sides are background color
				5966	vertical-tile-edge vertically tile the image and replicate the side edge pixels
				5967	white the area surrounding the image is white
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5968	</pre>
				5969
				5970	<p>The default value is "edge".</p>
				5971
				5972	<p>This most important for distortion operators such as <a href="#distort"
				5973	>-distort</a>, <a href="#implode" >-implode</a>, and <a href="#fx" >-fx</a>.
				5974	However it also effects operations that may access pixels just outside the
				5975	image proper, such as <a href="#convolve">-convolve</a>, <a
				5976	href="#blur">-blur</a>, and <a href="#sharpen">-sharpen</a>. </p>
				5977
				5978	<p>To print a complete list of virtual pixel types, use the <a href="#list">-list virtual-pixel</a> option.</p>
				5979
				5980
				5981	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5982	<h4><a id="visual"></a>-visual <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5983	</div>
				5984
				5985	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Animate images using this X visual type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5986
				5987	<p>Choose from these visual classes:</p>
				5988
				5989	<pre class="text">
cristy	e9a32c3	2011-04-07 01:11:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5990	StaticGray
				5991	GrayScale
				5992	StaticColor
				5993	PseudoColor
				5994	TrueColor
				5995	DirectColor
				5996	default
				5997	visual id
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5998	</pre>
				5999
				6000	<p>The X server must support the visual you choose, otherwise an error occurs. If a visual is not specified, the visual class that can display the most simultaneous colors on the default screen is chosen.</p>
				6001
				6002
				6003	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6004	<h4><a id="watermark"></a>-watermark <em
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6005	class="arg">brightness</em>x<em class="arg">saturation</em></h4>
				6006	</div>
				6007
				6008	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Watermark an image using the given percentages of brightness and
				6009	saturation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				6010
				6011	<p>Take a grayscale image (with alpha mask) and modify the destination image's
				6012	brightness according to watermark image's grayscale value and the <em
				6013	class="arg">brightness</em> percentage. The destinations color saturation
				6014	attribute is just direct modified by the <em class="arg">saturation</em>
				6015	percentage, which defaults to 100 percent (no color change). </p>
				6016
				6017
				6018	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6019	<h4><a id="wave"></a>-wave <em class="arg">amplitude</em><br />-wave <em class="arg">amplitude</em>x<em class="arg">wavelength</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6020	</div>
				6021
				6022	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Shear the columns of an image into a sine wave.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				6023
				6024	<p>Specify <em class="arg">amplitude</em> and <em class="arg">wavelength</em> of the wave.</p>
				6025
				6026	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6027	<h4><a id="weight"></a>-weight <em class="arg">fontWeight</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6028	</div>
				6029
				6030	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a font weight for text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				6031
				6032	<p>This setting suggests a font weight that ImageMagick should try to apply to the currently selected font family. Use a positive integer for <em class="arg">fontWeight</em> or select from the following.</p>
				6033
				6034	<table class="doc">
				6035	<col width="25%" />
				6036	<col width="75%" />
				6037	<thead>
				6038	<tr>
				6039	<th><em class="arg">fontWeight</em></th>
				6040	<th>Description</th>
				6041	</tr>
				6042	</thead>
				6043	<tbody>
				6044	<tr><td>All </td> <td>No effect. </td></tr>
				6045	<tr><td>Bold </td> <td>Same as <em class="arg">fontWeight</em> = 700.</td></tr>
				6046	<tr><td>Bolder </td> <td>Add 100 to font weight if currently ≤ 800.</td></tr>
				6047	<tr><td>Lighter </td> <td>Subtract 100 to font weight if currently ≤ 100.</td></tr>
				6048	<tr><td>Normal </td> <td>Same as <em class="arg">fontWeight</em> = 400.</td></tr>
				6049	</tbody>
				6050	</table>
				6051
				6052	<p>To print a complete list of weight types, use <a href="#list">-list weight</a>.</p>
				6053
				6054	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, and <a href="#style">-style</a>. </p>
				6055
				6056	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6057	<h4><a id="white-point"></a>-white-point <em class="arg">x,y</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6058	</div>
				6059
				6060	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>chromaticity white point.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				6061
				6062	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6063	<h4><a id="white-threshold"></a>-white-threshold <em class="arg">value</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6064	</div>
				6065
cristy	5cadd61	2009-09-21 19:33:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6066	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Force to white all pixels above the threshold while leaving all pixels at or below the threshold unchanged.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				6067
				6068	<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer value within [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>] corresponding to the desired <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a> value. See <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a> for more details on thresholds and resulting values.
				6069	</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6070
				6071	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6072	<h4><a id="window"></a>-window <em class="arg">id</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6073	</div>
				6074
				6075	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Make the image the background of a window.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				6076
				6077	<p><em class="arg">id</em> can be a window id or name. Specify <kbd>root</kbd> to select X's root window as the target window.</p>
				6078
				6079	<p>By default the image is tiled onto the background of the target window. If <kbd>backdrop</kbd> or <a href="#geometry">-resize</a> are specified, the image is surrounded by the background color. Refer to <kbd>X RESOURCES</kbd> for details.</p>
				6080
				6081	<p>The image will not display on the root window if the image has more unique colors than the target window colormap allows. Use <a href="#colors">-colors</a> to reduce the number of colors.</p>
				6082
				6083	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6084	<h4><a id="window-group"></a>-window-group</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6085	</div>
				6086
				6087	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the window group.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				6088
				6089	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6090	<h4><a id="write"></a>-write <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6091	</div>
				6092
				6093	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>write an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				6094	<p>The image sequence preceding the <a href="#write">-write</a> <em class="arg">filename</em> option is written out, and processing continues with the same image in its current state if there are additional options. To restore the image to its original state after writing it, use the <a href="#write">+write</a> <em class="arg">filename</em> option.</p>
				6095
				6096	<p>Use <a href="#compress">-compress</a> to specify the type of image compression.</p>
cristy	dcca3fa	2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6097	</div>
				6098	</div>
cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6099
				6100	</div>
				6101
				6102	<div id="linkbar">
cristy	ce69bb0	2010-07-27 19:49:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6103	<span id="linkbar-west"> </span>
cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6104	<span id="linkbar-center">
				6105	<a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/discourse-server/">Discourse Server</a> •
cristy	a890294	2010-07-30 00:49:52 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6106	<a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/MagickStudio/scripts/MagickStudio.cgi">Studio</a>
cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6107	</span>
				6108	<span id="linkbar-east"> </span>
				6109	</div>
				6110	<div class="footer">
cristy	7e41fe8	2010-12-04 23:12:08 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6111	<span id="footer-west">© 1999-2011 ImageMagick Studio LLC</span>
cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6112	<span id="footer-east"> <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/script/contact.php">Contact the Wizards</a></span>
				6113	</div>
				6114	<div style="clear: both; margin: 0; width: 100%; "></div>
cristy	a890294	2010-07-30 00:49:52 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6115	<script type="text/javascript">
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cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6126	</body>
				6127	</html>