Replace LDP with 2 LDR for loads.
4.35% faster on Cortex A76 (Pixel 4)
1.43% faster on Cortex A55
0.17% faster on Cortex A75 (Pixel 3)
2.22% faster on Exynos M4  (Samsung S10)

PiperOrigin-RevId: 308347621
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tree: 60a441a244606accd7bf5b4c3666c7097a80ba18
  1. bench/
  2. cmake/
  3. eval/
  4. include/
  5. models/
  6. scripts/
  7. src/
  8. test/
  9. third_party/
  10. tools/
  11. .bazelrc
  12. .gitignore
  13. BUILD.bazel
  14. build_defs.bzl
  15. CMakeLists.txt
  16. CONTRIBUTING.md
  17. emscripten.bzl
  18. LICENSE
  19. preamble.js.lds
  20. README.md
  21. WORKSPACE
README.md

XNNPACK

XNNPACK is a highly optimized library of floating-point neural network inference operators for ARM, WebAssembly, and x86 platforms. XNNPACK is not intended for direct use by deep learning practitioners and researchers; instead it provides low-level performance primitives for accelerating high-level machine learning frameworks, such as TensorFlow Lite, TensorFlow.js, PyTorch, and MediaPipe.

Supported Architectures

  • ARM64 on Android, Linux, and iOS (including WatchOS and tvOS)
  • ARMv7 (with NEON) on Android, Linux, and iOS (including WatchOS)
  • WebAssembly MVP
  • WebAssembly SIMD (experimental)
  • x86 and x86-64 (up to AVX512) on Android, Linux, macOS, and iOS simulator

Operator Coverage

XNNPACK implements the following neural network operators:

  • 2D Convolution (including grouped and depthwise)
  • 2D Deconvolution (AKA Transposed Convolution)
  • 2D Average Pooling
  • 2D Max Pooling
  • 2D ArgMax Pooling (Max Pooling + indices)
  • 2D Unpooling
  • 2D Bilinear Resize
  • Add (including broadcasting, two inputs only)
  • Subtract (including broadcasting)
  • Divide (including broadcasting)
  • Maximum (including broadcasting)
  • Minimum (including broadcasting)
  • Multiply (including broadcasting)
  • Global Average Pooling
  • Channel Shuffle
  • Fully Connected
  • Clamp (includes ReLU and ReLU6)
  • HardSwish
  • Sigmoid
  • Softmax
  • PReLU

All operators in XNNPACK support NHWC layout, but additionally allow custom stride along the Channel dimension. Thus, operators can consume a subset of channels in the input tensor, and produce a subset of channels in the output tensor, providing a zero-cost Channel Split and Channel Concatenation operations.

Performance

Mobile phones

The table below presents single-threaded performance of XNNPACK library on three generations of MobileNet models and three generations of Pixel phones.

ModelPixel, msPixel 2, msPixel 3a, ms
MobileNet v1 1.0X828688
MobileNet v2 1.0X495355
MobileNet v3 Large394244
MobileNet v3 Small121414

The following table presents multi-threaded (using as many threads as there are big cores) performance of XNNPACK library on three generations of MobileNet models and three generations of Pixel phones.

ModelPixel, msPixel 2, msPixel 3a, ms
MobileNet v1 1.0X432746
MobileNet v2 1.0X261828
MobileNet v3 Large221624
MobileNet v3 Small768

Benchmarked on March 27, 2020 with end2end_bench --benchmark_min_time=5 on an Android/ARM64 build with Android NDK r21 (bazel build -c opt --config android_arm64 :end2end_bench) and neural network models with randomized weights and inputs.

Raspberry Pi

The table below presents multi-threaded performance of XNNPACK library on three generations of MobileNet models and three generations of Raspberry Pi boards.

ModelRPi 2 (BCM2836), msRPi 3+ (BCM2837B0), msRPi 4 (BCM2711), ms
MobileNet v1 1.0X34111575
MobileNet v2 1.0X1977944
MobileNet v3 Large1656741
MobileNet v3 Small532314

Benchmarked on February 12, 2020 with end2end-bench --benchmark_min_time=5 on a Raspbian Buster build with CMake (./scripts/build-local.sh) and neural network models with randomized weights and inputs.

Publications

Ecosystem

Machine Learning Frameworks

Acknowledgements

XNNPACK is a based on QNNPACK library. Unlike QNNPACK, XNNPACK focuses entirely on floating-point operators, and its API is no longer compatible with QNNPACK.