Build

This bc attempts to be as portable as possible. It can be built on any POSIX-compliant system.

To accomplish that, a POSIX-compatible, custom configure.sh script is used to select build options, compiler, and compiler flags and generate a Makefile.

The general form of configuring, building, and installing this bc is as follows:

[ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE=<value>...] ./configure.sh [build_options...]
make
make install

To get all of the options, including any useful environment variables, use either one of the following commands:

./configure.sh -h
./configure.sh --help

WARNING: even though configure.sh supports both option types, short and long, it does not support handling both at the same time. Use only one type.

To learn the available make targets run the following command after running the configure.sh script:

make help

See Build Environment Variables for a more detailed description of all accepted environment variables and Build Options for more detail about all accepted build options.

Cross Compiling

To cross-compile this bc, an appropriate compiler must be present and assigned to the environment variable HOSTCC or HOST_CC (the two are equivalent, though HOSTCC is prioritized). This is in order to bootstrap core file(s), if the architectures are not compatible (i.e., unlike i686 on x86_64). Thus, the approach is:

HOSTCC="/path/to/native/compiler" ./configure.sh
make
make install

HOST_CC will work in exactly the same way.

HOSTCFLAGS and HOST_CFLAGS can be used to set compiler flags for HOSTCC. (The two are equivalent, as HOSTCC and HOST_CC are.) HOSTCFLAGS is prioritized over HOST_CFLAGS. If neither are present, HOSTCC (or HOST_CC) uses CFLAGS (see Build Environment Variables for more details).

It is expected that CC produces code for the target system and HOSTCC produces code for the host system. See Build Environment Variables for more details.

If an emulator is necessary to run the bootstrap binaries, it can be set with the environment variable GEN_EMU.

Build Environment Variables

This bc supports CC, HOSTCC, HOST_CC, CFLAGS, HOSTCFLAGS, HOST_CFLAGS, CPPFLAGS, LDFLAGS, LDLIBS, PREFIX, DESTDIR, BINDIR, DATAROOTDIR, DATADIR, MANDIR, MAN1DIR, LOCALEDIR EXECSUFFIX, EXECPREFIX, LONG_BIT, GEN_HOST, and GEN_EMU environment variables in configure.sh. Any values of those variables given to configure.sh will be put into the generated Makefile.

More detail on what those environment variables do can be found in the following sections.

`CC`

C compiler for the target system. CC must be compatible with POSIX c99 behavior and options.

Defaults to c99.

`HOSTCC` or `HOST_CC`

C compiler for the host system, used only in cross compiling.

Defaults to $CC.

`CFLAGS`

Command-line flags that will be passed verbatim to CC.

Defaults to empty.

`HOSTCFLAGS` or `HOST_CFLAGS`

Command-line flags that will be passed verbatim to HOSTCC or HOST_CC.

Defaults to $CFLAGS.

`CPPFLAGS`

Command-line flags for the C preprocessor. These are also passed verbatim to both compilers (CC and HOSTCC); they are supported just for legacy reasons.

Defaults to empty.

`LDFLAGS`

Command-line flags for the linker. These are also passed verbatim to both compilers (CC and HOSTCC); they are supported just for legacy reasons.

Defaults to empty.

`LDLIBS`

Libraries to link to. These are also passed verbatim to both compilers (CC and HOSTCC); they are supported just for legacy reasons and for cross compiling with different C standard libraries (like musl).

Defaults to empty.

`PREFIX`

The prefix to install to.

Can be overridden by passing the --prefix option to configure.sh.

Defaults to /usr/local.

`DESTDIR`

Path to prepend onto PREFIX. This is mostly for distro and package maintainers.

This can be passed either to configure.sh or make install. If it is passed to both, the one given to configure.sh takes precedence.

Defaults to empty.

`BINDIR`

The directory to install binaries in.

Can be overridden by passing the --bindir option to configure.sh.

Defaults to $PREFIX/bin.

`DATAROOTDIR`

The root directory to install data files in.

Can be overridden by passing the --datarootdir option to configure.sh.

Defaults to $PREFIX/share.

`DATADIR`

The directory to install data files in.

Can be overridden by passing the --datadir option to configure.sh.

Defaults to $DATAROOTDIR.

`MANDIR`

The directory to install manpages in.

Can be overridden by passing the --mandir option to configure.sh.

Defaults to $DATADIR/man

`MAN1DIR`

The directory to install Section 1 manpages in. Because both bc and dc are Section 1 commands, this is the only relevant section directory.

Can be overridden by passing the --man1dir option to configure.sh.

Defaults to $MANDIR/man1.

`LOCALEDIR`

The directory to install locales in.

Can be overridden by passing the --localedir option to configure.sh.

Defaults to $DATAROOTDIR/locale.

`EXECSUFFIX`

The suffix to append onto the executable names when installing. This is for packagers and distro maintainers who want this bc as an option, but do not want to replace the default bc.

Defaults to empty.

`EXECPREFIX`

The prefix to append onto the executable names when building and installing. This is for packagers and distro maintainers who want this bc as an option, but do not want to replace the default bc.

Defaults to empty.

`LONG_BIT`

The number of bits in a C long type. This is mostly for the embedded space.

This bc uses longs internally for overflow checking. In C99, a long is required to be 32 bits. For this reason, on 8-bit and 16-bit microcontrollers, the generated code to do math with long types may be inefficient.

For most normal desktop systems, setting this is unnecessary, except that 32-bit platforms with 64-bit longs may want to set it to 32.

Defaults to the default value of LONG_BIT for the target platform. For compliance with the bc spec, the minimum allowed value is 32.

It is an error if the specified value is greater than the default value of LONG_BIT for the target platform.

`GEN_HOST`

Whether to use gen/strgen.c, instead of gen/strgen.sh, to produce the C files that contain the help texts as well as the math libraries. By default, gen/strgen.c is used, compiled by $HOSTCC and run on the host machine. Using gen/strgen.sh removes the need to compile and run an executable on the host machine since gen/strgen.sh is a POSIX shell script. However, gen/lib2.bc is perilously close to 4095 characters, the max supported length of a string literal in C99 (and it could be added to in the future), and gen/strgen.sh generates a string literal instead of an array, as gen/strgen.c does. For most production-ready compilers, this limit probably is not enforced, but it could be. Both options are still available for this reason.

If you are sure your compiler does not have the limit and do not want to compile and run a binary on the host machine, set this variable to "0". Any other value, or a non-existent value, will cause the build system to compile and run gen/strgen.c.

Default is "".

`GEN_EMU`

The emulator to run bootstrap binaries under. This is only if the binaries produced by HOSTCC (or HOST_CC) need to be run under an emulator to work.

Defaults to empty.

Build Options

This bc comes with several build options, all of which are enabled by default.

All options can be used with each other, with a few exceptions that will be noted below.

NOTE: All long options with mandatory argumenst accept either one of the following forms:

--option arg
--option=arg

`bc` Only

To build bc only (no dc), use any one of the following commands for the configure step:

./configure.sh -b
./configure.sh --bc-only
./configure.sh -D
./configure.sh --disable-dc

Those commands are all equivalent.

Warning: It is an error to use those options if bc has also been disabled (see below).

`dc` Only

To build dc only (no bc), use either one of the following commands for the configure step:

./configure.sh -d
./configure.sh --dc-only
./configure.sh -B
./configure.sh --disable-bc

Those commands are all equivalent.

Warning: It is an error to use those options if dc has also been disabled (see above).

Signal Handling

To disable signal handling, pass either the -S flag or the --disable-signal-handling option to configure.sh, as follows:

./configure.sh -S
./configure.sh --disable-signal-handling

Both commands are equivalent.

History

To disable signal handling, pass either the -H flag or the --disable-history option to configure.sh, as follows:

./configure.sh -H
./configure.sh --disable-history

Both commands are equivalent.

History is automatically disabled when building for Windows or on another platform that does not support the terminal handling that is required.

WARNING: Of all of the code in the bc, this is the only code that is not completely portable. If the bc does not work on your platform, your first step should be to retry with history disabled.

NLS (Locale Support)

To disable locale support (use only English), pass either the -N flag or the --disable-nls option to configure.sh, as follows:

./configure.sh -N
./configure.sh --disable-nls

Both commands are equivalent.

NLS (locale support) is automatically disabled when building for Windows or on another platform that does not support the POSIX locale API or utilities.

Extra Math

This bc has 7 extra operators:

$ (truncation to integer)
@ (set precision)
@= (set precision and assign)
<< (shift number left, shifts radix right)
<<= (shift number left and assign)
>> (shift number right, shifts radix left)
>>= (shift number right and assign)

There is no assignment version of $ because it is a unary operator.

The assignment versions of the above operators are not available in dc, but the others are, as the operators $, @, H, and h, respectively.

Extra operators can be disabled by passing either the -E flag or the --disable-extra-math option to configure.sh, as follows:

./configure.sh -E
./configure.sh --disable-extra-math

Both commands are equivalent.

This bc also has a larger library that is only enabled if extra operators are. More information about the functions can be found in the Extended Library section of the full manual.

Manpages

To disable installing manpages, pass either the -M flag or the --disable-man-pages option to configure.sh as follows:

./configure.sh -M
./configure.sh --disable-man-pages

Both commands are equivalent.

Karatsuba Length

The Karatsuba length is the point at which bc and dc switch from Karatsuba multiplication to brute force, O(n^2) multiplication. It can be set by passing the -k flag or the --karatsuba-len option to configure.sh as follows:

./configure.sh -k64
./configure.sh --karatsuba-len 64

Both commands are equivalent.

Default is 64.

WARNING: The Karatsuba Length must be a integer greater than or equal to 16 (to prevent stack overflow). If it is not, configure.sh will give an error.

Install Options

The relevant autotools-style install options are supported in configure.sh:

--prefix
--bindir
--datarootdir
--datadir
--mandir
--man1dir
--localedir

An example is:

./configure.sh --prefix=/usr --localedir /usr/share/nls
make
make install

They correspond to the environment variables $PREFIX, $BINDIR, $DATAROOTDIR, $DATADIR, $MANDIR, $MAN1DIR, and $LOCALEDIR, respectively.

WARNING: If the option is given, the value of the corresponding environment variable is overridden.

WARNING: If any long command-line options are used, the long form of all other command-line options must be used. Mixing long and short options is not supported.

Optimization

The configure.sh script will accept an optimization level to pass to the compiler. Because bc is orders of magnitude faster with optimization, I highly recommend package and distro maintainers pass the highest optimization level available in CC to configure.sh with the -O flag or --opt option, as follows:

./configure.sh -O3
./configure.sh --opt 3

Both commands are equivalent.

The build and install can then be run as normal:

make
make install

As usual, configure.sh will also accept additional CFLAGS on the command line, so for SSE4 architectures, the following can add a bit more speed:

CFLAGS="-march=native -msse4" ./configure.sh -O3
make
make install

Building with link-time optimization (-flto in clang) can further increase the performance.

Manual stripping is not necessary; non-debug builds are automatically stripped in the link stage.

Debug Builds

Debug builds (which also disable optimization if no optimization level is given and if no extra CFLAGS are given) can be enabled with either the -g flag or the --debug option, as follows:

./configure.sh -g
./configure.sh --debug

Both commands are equivalent.

The build and install can then be run as normal:

make
make install

Binary Size

When built with both calculators, all available features, and -Os using clang, the executable is 113 kb (113,248 bytes) on x86_64. That isn't much for what is contained in the binary, but if necessary, it can be reduced.

The single largest user of space is the bc calculator. If just dc is needed, the size can be reduced to 80 kb (80,432 bytes).

The next largest user of space is history support. If that is not needed, size can be reduced (for a build with both calculators) to 97 kb (97,760 bytes).

There are several reasons that history is a bigger user of space than dc itself:

dc's lexer and parser are tiny compared to bc's because dc code is almost already in the form that it is executed in, while bc has to not only adjust the form to be executable, it has to parse functions, loops, if statements, and other extra features.
dc does not have much extra code in the interpreter.
History has a lot of const data for supporting UTF-8 terminals.

The next biggest user is dc, so if just bc is needed, the size can be reduced to 101 kb (100,960 bytes) with history and 84 kb (84,472 bytes) without history.

The next biggest user is signal handling. Without it, the size (with both calculators) is reduced to 109 kb (109,120 bytes) with history and 93 kb (93,632 bytes) without history.

The next largest user is extra math support. If this is not needed, the size (with both calculators) can be reduced to 105 kb (105,048 bytes) with history and signal handling, 89 kb (88,560 bytes) without history, 101 kb (100,920 bytes) without signal handling, and 84 kb (84,432 bytes) without both.

Testing

The default test suite can be run with the following command:

make test

To test bc only, run the following command:

make test_bc

To test dc only, run the following command:

make test_dc

This bc, if built, assumes a working, GNU-compatible bc, installed on the system and in the PATH, to generate some tests, unless the -G flag or --disable-generated-tests option is given to configure.sh, as follows:

./configure.sh -G
./configure.sh --disable-generated-tests

After running configure.sh, build and run tests as follows:

make
make test

This dc also assumes a working, GNU-compatible dc, installed on the system and in the PATH, to generate some tests, unless on of the above options is given to configure.sh.

To generate test coverage, pass the -c flag or the --coverage option to configure.sh as follows:

./configure.sh -c
./configure.sh --coverage

Both commands are equivalent.

WARNING: Both bc and dc must be built for test coverage. Otherwise, configure.sh will give an error.

Build

Cross Compiling

Build Environment Variables

CC

HOSTCC or HOST_CC

CFLAGS

HOSTCFLAGS or HOST_CFLAGS

CPPFLAGS

LDFLAGS

LDLIBS

PREFIX

DESTDIR

BINDIR

DATAROOTDIR

DATADIR

MANDIR

MAN1DIR

LOCALEDIR

EXECSUFFIX

EXECPREFIX

LONG_BIT

GEN_HOST

GEN_EMU

Build Options

bc Only

dc Only

Signal Handling

History

NLS (Locale Support)

Extra Math

Manpages

Karatsuba Length

Install Options

Optimization

Debug Builds

Binary Size

Testing

`CC`

`HOSTCC` or `HOST_CC`

`CFLAGS`

`HOSTCFLAGS` or `HOST_CFLAGS`

`CPPFLAGS`

`LDFLAGS`

`LDLIBS`

`PREFIX`

`DESTDIR`

`BINDIR`

`DATAROOTDIR`

`DATADIR`

`MANDIR`

`MAN1DIR`

`LOCALEDIR`

`EXECSUFFIX`

`EXECPREFIX`

`LONG_BIT`

`GEN_HOST`

`GEN_EMU`

`bc` Only

`dc` Only