lib/CodeGen/CGCXX.cpp

//===--- CGDecl.cpp - Emit LLVM Code for declarations ---------------------===//
//
//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
//
// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This contains code dealing with C++ code generation.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

// We might split this into multiple files if it gets too unwieldy

#include "CodeGenFunction.h"
#include "CodeGenModule.h"
#include "Mangle.h"
#include "clang/AST/ASTContext.h"
#include "clang/AST/RecordLayout.h"
#include "clang/AST/Decl.h"
#include "clang/AST/DeclCXX.h"
#include "clang/AST/DeclObjC.h"
#include "clang/AST/StmtCXX.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/StringExtras.h"
using namespace clang;
using namespace CodeGen;

void
CodeGenFunction::EmitCXXGlobalDtorRegistration(const CXXDestructorDecl *Dtor,
                                               llvm::Constant *DeclPtr) {
  const llvm::Type *Int8PtrTy = 
    llvm::Type::getInt8Ty(VMContext)->getPointerTo();

  std::vector<const llvm::Type *> Params;
  Params.push_back(Int8PtrTy);

  // Get the destructor function type
  const llvm::Type *DtorFnTy =
    llvm::FunctionType::get(llvm::Type::getVoidTy(VMContext), Params, false);
  DtorFnTy = llvm::PointerType::getUnqual(DtorFnTy);

  Params.clear();
  Params.push_back(DtorFnTy);
  Params.push_back(Int8PtrTy);
  Params.push_back(Int8PtrTy);

  // Get the __cxa_atexit function type
  // extern "C" int __cxa_atexit ( void (*f)(void *), void *p, void *d );
  const llvm::FunctionType *AtExitFnTy =
    llvm::FunctionType::get(ConvertType(getContext().IntTy), Params, false);

  llvm::Constant *AtExitFn = CGM.CreateRuntimeFunction(AtExitFnTy,
                                                       "__cxa_atexit");

  llvm::Constant *Handle = CGM.CreateRuntimeVariable(Int8PtrTy,
                                                     "__dso_handle");

  llvm::Constant *DtorFn = CGM.GetAddrOfCXXDestructor(Dtor, Dtor_Complete);

  llvm::Value *Args[3] = { llvm::ConstantExpr::getBitCast(DtorFn, DtorFnTy),
                           llvm::ConstantExpr::getBitCast(DeclPtr, Int8PtrTy),
                           llvm::ConstantExpr::getBitCast(Handle, Int8PtrTy) };
  Builder.CreateCall(AtExitFn, &Args[0], llvm::array_endof(Args));
}

void CodeGenFunction::EmitCXXGlobalVarDeclInit(const VarDecl &D,
                                               llvm::Constant *DeclPtr) {
  assert(D.hasGlobalStorage() &&
         "VarDecl must have global storage!");

  const Expr *Init = D.getInit();
  QualType T = D.getType();

  if (T->isReferenceType()) {
    ErrorUnsupported(Init, "global variable that binds to a reference");
  } else if (!hasAggregateLLVMType(T)) {
    llvm::Value *V = EmitScalarExpr(Init);
    EmitStoreOfScalar(V, DeclPtr, T.isVolatileQualified(), T);
  } else if (T->isAnyComplexType()) {
    EmitComplexExprIntoAddr(Init, DeclPtr, T.isVolatileQualified());
  } else {
    EmitAggExpr(Init, DeclPtr, T.isVolatileQualified());

    if (const RecordType *RT = T->getAs<RecordType>()) {
      CXXRecordDecl *RD = cast<CXXRecordDecl>(RT->getDecl());
      if (!RD->hasTrivialDestructor())
        EmitCXXGlobalDtorRegistration(RD->getDestructor(getContext()), DeclPtr);
    }
  }
}

void
CodeGenModule::EmitCXXGlobalInitFunc() {
  if (CXXGlobalInits.empty())
    return;

  const llvm::FunctionType *FTy = llvm::FunctionType::get(llvm::Type::getVoidTy(VMContext),
                                                          false);

  // Create our global initialization function.
  // FIXME: Should this be tweakable by targets?
  llvm::Function *Fn =
    llvm::Function::Create(FTy, llvm::GlobalValue::InternalLinkage,
                           "__cxx_global_initialization", &TheModule);

  CodeGenFunction(*this).GenerateCXXGlobalInitFunc(Fn,
                                                   &CXXGlobalInits[0],
                                                   CXXGlobalInits.size());
  AddGlobalCtor(Fn);
}

void CodeGenFunction::GenerateCXXGlobalInitFunc(llvm::Function *Fn,
                                                const VarDecl **Decls,
                                                unsigned NumDecls) {
  StartFunction(GlobalDecl(), getContext().VoidTy, Fn, FunctionArgList(),
                SourceLocation());

  for (unsigned i = 0; i != NumDecls; ++i) {
    const VarDecl *D = Decls[i];

    llvm::Constant *DeclPtr = CGM.GetAddrOfGlobalVar(D);
    EmitCXXGlobalVarDeclInit(*D, DeclPtr);
  }
  FinishFunction();
}

void
CodeGenFunction::EmitStaticCXXBlockVarDeclInit(const VarDecl &D,
                                               llvm::GlobalVariable *GV) {
  // FIXME: This should use __cxa_guard_{acquire,release}?

  assert(!getContext().getLangOptions().ThreadsafeStatics &&
         "thread safe statics are currently not supported!");

  llvm::SmallString<256> GuardVName;
  llvm::raw_svector_ostream GuardVOut(GuardVName);
  mangleGuardVariable(CGM.getMangleContext(), &D, GuardVOut);

  // Create the guard variable.
  llvm::GlobalValue *GuardV =
    new llvm::GlobalVariable(CGM.getModule(), llvm::Type::getInt64Ty(VMContext), false,
                             GV->getLinkage(),
                             llvm::Constant::getNullValue(llvm::Type::getInt64Ty(VMContext)),
                             GuardVName.str());

  // Load the first byte of the guard variable.
  const llvm::Type *PtrTy = llvm::PointerType::get(llvm::Type::getInt8Ty(VMContext), 0);
  llvm::Value *V = Builder.CreateLoad(Builder.CreateBitCast(GuardV, PtrTy),
                                      "tmp");

  // Compare it against 0.
  llvm::Value *nullValue = llvm::Constant::getNullValue(llvm::Type::getInt8Ty(VMContext));
  llvm::Value *ICmp = Builder.CreateICmpEQ(V, nullValue , "tobool");

  llvm::BasicBlock *InitBlock = createBasicBlock("init");
  llvm::BasicBlock *EndBlock = createBasicBlock("init.end");

  // If the guard variable is 0, jump to the initializer code.
  Builder.CreateCondBr(ICmp, InitBlock, EndBlock);

  EmitBlock(InitBlock);

  EmitCXXGlobalVarDeclInit(D, GV);

  Builder.CreateStore(llvm::ConstantInt::get(llvm::Type::getInt8Ty(VMContext), 1),
                      Builder.CreateBitCast(GuardV, PtrTy));

  EmitBlock(EndBlock);
}

RValue CodeGenFunction::EmitCXXMemberCall(const CXXMethodDecl *MD,
                                          llvm::Value *Callee,
                                          llvm::Value *This,
                                          CallExpr::const_arg_iterator ArgBeg,
                                          CallExpr::const_arg_iterator ArgEnd) {
  assert(MD->isInstance() &&
         "Trying to emit a member call expr on a static method!");

  // A call to a trivial destructor requires no code generation.
  if (const CXXDestructorDecl *Destructor = dyn_cast<CXXDestructorDecl>(MD))
    if (Destructor->isTrivial())
      return RValue::get(0);

  const FunctionProtoType *FPT = MD->getType()->getAs<FunctionProtoType>();

  CallArgList Args;

  // Push the this ptr.
  Args.push_back(std::make_pair(RValue::get(This),
                                MD->getThisType(getContext())));

  // And the rest of the call args
  EmitCallArgs(Args, FPT, ArgBeg, ArgEnd);

  QualType ResultType = MD->getType()->getAs<FunctionType>()->getResultType();
  return EmitCall(CGM.getTypes().getFunctionInfo(ResultType, Args),
                  Callee, Args, MD);
}

/// canDevirtualizeMemberFunctionCalls - Checks whether virtual calls on given
/// expr can be devirtualized.
static bool canDevirtualizeMemberFunctionCalls(const Expr *Base) {
  if (const DeclRefExpr *DRE = dyn_cast<DeclRefExpr>(Base)) {
    if (const VarDecl *VD = dyn_cast<VarDecl>(DRE->getDecl())) {
      // This is a record decl. We know the type and can devirtualize it.
      return VD->getType()->isRecordType();
    }
  }
  
  // We can't devirtualize the call.
  return false;
}

RValue CodeGenFunction::EmitCXXMemberCallExpr(const CXXMemberCallExpr *CE) {
  if (isa<BinaryOperator>(CE->getCallee())) 
    return EmitCXXMemberPointerCallExpr(CE);
      
  const MemberExpr *ME = cast<MemberExpr>(CE->getCallee());
  const CXXMethodDecl *MD = cast<CXXMethodDecl>(ME->getMemberDecl());

  if (MD->isStatic()) {
    // The method is static, emit it as we would a regular call.
    llvm::Value *Callee = CGM.GetAddrOfFunction(MD);
    return EmitCall(Callee, getContext().getPointerType(MD->getType()),
                    CE->arg_begin(), CE->arg_end(), 0);
    
  }
  
  const FunctionProtoType *FPT = MD->getType()->getAs<FunctionProtoType>();

  const llvm::Type *Ty =
    CGM.getTypes().GetFunctionType(CGM.getTypes().getFunctionInfo(MD),
                                   FPT->isVariadic());
  llvm::Value *This;

  if (ME->isArrow())
    This = EmitScalarExpr(ME->getBase());
  else {
    LValue BaseLV = EmitLValue(ME->getBase());
    This = BaseLV.getAddress();
  }

  // C++ [class.virtual]p12:
  //   Explicit qualification with the scope operator (5.1) suppresses the
  //   virtual call mechanism.
  //
  // We also don't emit a virtual call if the base expression has a record type
  // because then we know what the type is.
  llvm::Value *Callee;
  if (MD->isVirtual() && !ME->hasQualifier() && 
      !canDevirtualizeMemberFunctionCalls(ME->getBase()))
    Callee = BuildVirtualCall(MD, This, Ty);
  else if (const CXXDestructorDecl *Destructor
             = dyn_cast<CXXDestructorDecl>(MD))
    Callee = CGM.GetAddrOfFunction(GlobalDecl(Destructor, Dtor_Complete), Ty);
  else
    Callee = CGM.GetAddrOfFunction(MD, Ty);

  return EmitCXXMemberCall(MD, Callee, This,
                           CE->arg_begin(), CE->arg_end());
}

RValue
CodeGenFunction::EmitCXXMemberPointerCallExpr(const CXXMemberCallExpr *E) {
  const BinaryOperator *BO = cast<BinaryOperator>(E->getCallee());
  const DeclRefExpr *BaseExpr = cast<DeclRefExpr>(BO->getLHS());
  const DeclRefExpr *MemFn = cast<DeclRefExpr>(BO->getRHS());
  
  const MemberPointerType *MPT = MemFn->getType()->getAs<MemberPointerType>();
  const FunctionProtoType *FPT = 
    MPT->getPointeeType()->getAs<FunctionProtoType>();
  const CXXRecordDecl *RD = 
    cast<CXXRecordDecl>(cast<RecordType>(MPT->getClass())->getDecl());

  const llvm::FunctionType *FTy = 
    CGM.getTypes().GetFunctionType(CGM.getTypes().getFunctionInfo(RD, FPT),
                                   FPT->isVariadic());

  const llvm::Type *Int8PtrTy = 
    llvm::Type::getInt8Ty(VMContext)->getPointerTo();

  // Get the member function pointer.
  llvm::Value *MemFnPtr = 
    CreateTempAlloca(ConvertType(MemFn->getType()), "mem.fn");
  EmitAggExpr(MemFn, MemFnPtr, /*VolatileDest=*/false);

  // Emit the 'this' pointer.
  llvm::Value *This;
  
  if (BO->getOpcode() == BinaryOperator::PtrMemI)
    This = EmitScalarExpr(BaseExpr);
  else 
    This = EmitLValue(BaseExpr).getAddress();
  
  // Adjust it.
  llvm::Value *Adj = Builder.CreateStructGEP(MemFnPtr, 1);
  Adj = Builder.CreateLoad(Adj, "mem.fn.adj");
  
  llvm::Value *Ptr = Builder.CreateBitCast(This, Int8PtrTy, "ptr");
  Ptr = Builder.CreateGEP(Ptr, Adj, "adj");
  
  This = Builder.CreateBitCast(Ptr, This->getType(), "this");
  
  llvm::Value *FnPtr = Builder.CreateStructGEP(MemFnPtr, 0, "mem.fn.ptr");
  
  const llvm::Type *PtrDiffTy = ConvertType(getContext().getPointerDiffType());

  llvm::Value *FnAsInt = Builder.CreateLoad(FnPtr, "fn");
  
  // If the LSB in the function pointer is 1, the function pointer points to
  // a virtual function.
  llvm::Value *IsVirtual 
    = Builder.CreateAnd(FnAsInt, llvm::ConstantInt::get(PtrDiffTy, 1),
                        "and");
  
  IsVirtual = Builder.CreateTrunc(IsVirtual,
                                  llvm::Type::getInt1Ty(VMContext));
  
  llvm::BasicBlock *FnVirtual = createBasicBlock("fn.virtual");
  llvm::BasicBlock *FnNonVirtual = createBasicBlock("fn.nonvirtual");
  llvm::BasicBlock *FnEnd = createBasicBlock("fn.end");
  
  Builder.CreateCondBr(IsVirtual, FnVirtual, FnNonVirtual);
  EmitBlock(FnVirtual);
  
  const llvm::Type *VTableTy = 
    FTy->getPointerTo()->getPointerTo()->getPointerTo();

  llvm::Value *VTable = Builder.CreateBitCast(This, VTableTy);
  VTable = Builder.CreateLoad(VTable);
  
  VTable = Builder.CreateGEP(VTable, FnAsInt, "fn");
  
  // Since the function pointer is 1 plus the virtual table offset, we
  // subtract 1 by using a GEP.
  VTable = Builder.CreateConstGEP1_64(VTable, (uint64_t)-1);
  
  llvm::Value *VirtualFn = Builder.CreateLoad(VTable, "virtualfn");
  
  EmitBranch(FnEnd);
  EmitBlock(FnNonVirtual);
  
  // If the function is not virtual, just load the pointer.
  llvm::Value *NonVirtualFn = Builder.CreateLoad(FnPtr, "fn");
  NonVirtualFn = Builder.CreateIntToPtr(NonVirtualFn, FTy->getPointerTo());
  
  EmitBlock(FnEnd);

  llvm::PHINode *Callee = Builder.CreatePHI(FTy->getPointerTo());
  Callee->reserveOperandSpace(2);
  Callee->addIncoming(VirtualFn, FnVirtual);
  Callee->addIncoming(NonVirtualFn, FnNonVirtual);

  CallArgList Args;

  QualType ThisType = 
    getContext().getPointerType(getContext().getTagDeclType(RD));

  // Push the this ptr.
  Args.push_back(std::make_pair(RValue::get(This), ThisType));
  
  // And the rest of the call args
  EmitCallArgs(Args, FPT, E->arg_begin(), E->arg_end());
  QualType ResultType = BO->getType()->getAs<FunctionType>()->getResultType();
  return EmitCall(CGM.getTypes().getFunctionInfo(ResultType, Args),
                  Callee, Args, 0);
}

RValue
CodeGenFunction::EmitCXXOperatorMemberCallExpr(const CXXOperatorCallExpr *E,
                                               const CXXMethodDecl *MD) {
  assert(MD->isInstance() &&
         "Trying to emit a member call expr on a static method!");

  if (MD->isCopyAssignment()) {
    const CXXRecordDecl *ClassDecl = cast<CXXRecordDecl>(MD->getDeclContext());
    if (ClassDecl->hasTrivialCopyAssignment()) {
      assert(!ClassDecl->hasUserDeclaredCopyAssignment() &&
             "EmitCXXOperatorMemberCallExpr - user declared copy assignment");
      llvm::Value *This = EmitLValue(E->getArg(0)).getAddress();
      llvm::Value *Src = EmitLValue(E->getArg(1)).getAddress();
      QualType Ty = E->getType();
      EmitAggregateCopy(This, Src, Ty);
      return RValue::get(This);
    }
  }

  const FunctionProtoType *FPT = MD->getType()->getAs<FunctionProtoType>();
  const llvm::Type *Ty =
    CGM.getTypes().GetFunctionType(CGM.getTypes().getFunctionInfo(MD),
                                   FPT->isVariadic());
  llvm::Constant *Callee = CGM.GetAddrOfFunction(MD, Ty);

  llvm::Value *This = EmitLValue(E->getArg(0)).getAddress();

  return EmitCXXMemberCall(MD, Callee, This,
                           E->arg_begin() + 1, E->arg_end());
}

llvm::Value *CodeGenFunction::LoadCXXThis() {
  assert(isa<CXXMethodDecl>(CurFuncDecl) &&
         "Must be in a C++ member function decl to load 'this'");
  assert(cast<CXXMethodDecl>(CurFuncDecl)->isInstance() &&
         "Must be in a C++ member function decl to load 'this'");

  // FIXME: What if we're inside a block?
  // ans: See how CodeGenFunction::LoadObjCSelf() uses
  // CodeGenFunction::BlockForwardSelf() for how to do this.
  return Builder.CreateLoad(LocalDeclMap[CXXThisDecl], "this");
}

/// EmitCXXAggrConstructorCall - This routine essentially creates a (nested)
/// for-loop to call the default constructor on individual members of the
/// array. 
/// 'D' is the default constructor for elements of the array, 'ArrayTy' is the
/// array type and 'ArrayPtr' points to the beginning fo the array.
/// It is assumed that all relevant checks have been made by the caller.
void
CodeGenFunction::EmitCXXAggrConstructorCall(const CXXConstructorDecl *D,
                                            const ConstantArrayType *ArrayTy,
                                            llvm::Value *ArrayPtr) {
  const llvm::Type *SizeTy = ConvertType(getContext().getSizeType());
  llvm::Value * NumElements =
    llvm::ConstantInt::get(SizeTy, 
                           getContext().getConstantArrayElementCount(ArrayTy));

  EmitCXXAggrConstructorCall(D, NumElements, ArrayPtr);
}

void
CodeGenFunction::EmitCXXAggrConstructorCall(const CXXConstructorDecl *D,
                                            llvm::Value *NumElements,
                                            llvm::Value *ArrayPtr) {
  const llvm::Type *SizeTy = ConvertType(getContext().getSizeType());

  // Create a temporary for the loop index and initialize it with 0.
  llvm::Value *IndexPtr = CreateTempAlloca(SizeTy, "loop.index");
  llvm::Value *Zero = llvm::Constant::getNullValue(SizeTy);
  Builder.CreateStore(Zero, IndexPtr, false);

  // Start the loop with a block that tests the condition.
  llvm::BasicBlock *CondBlock = createBasicBlock("for.cond");
  llvm::BasicBlock *AfterFor = createBasicBlock("for.end");

  EmitBlock(CondBlock);

  llvm::BasicBlock *ForBody = createBasicBlock("for.body");

  // Generate: if (loop-index < number-of-elements fall to the loop body,
  // otherwise, go to the block after the for-loop.
  llvm::Value *Counter = Builder.CreateLoad(IndexPtr);
  llvm::Value *IsLess = Builder.CreateICmpULT(Counter, NumElements, "isless");
  // If the condition is true, execute the body.
  Builder.CreateCondBr(IsLess, ForBody, AfterFor);

  EmitBlock(ForBody);

  llvm::BasicBlock *ContinueBlock = createBasicBlock("for.inc");
  // Inside the loop body, emit the constructor call on the array element.
  Counter = Builder.CreateLoad(IndexPtr);
  llvm::Value *Address = Builder.CreateInBoundsGEP(ArrayPtr, Counter, 
                                                   "arrayidx");
  EmitCXXConstructorCall(D, Ctor_Complete, Address, 0, 0);

  EmitBlock(ContinueBlock);

  // Emit the increment of the loop counter.
  llvm::Value *NextVal = llvm::ConstantInt::get(SizeTy, 1);
  Counter = Builder.CreateLoad(IndexPtr);
  NextVal = Builder.CreateAdd(Counter, NextVal, "inc");
  Builder.CreateStore(NextVal, IndexPtr, false);

  // Finally, branch back up to the condition for the next iteration.
  EmitBranch(CondBlock);

  // Emit the fall-through block.
  EmitBlock(AfterFor, true);
}

/// EmitCXXAggrDestructorCall - calls the default destructor on array
/// elements in reverse order of construction.
void
CodeGenFunction::EmitCXXAggrDestructorCall(const CXXDestructorDecl *D,
                                           const ArrayType *Array,
                                           llvm::Value *This) {
  const ConstantArrayType *CA = dyn_cast<ConstantArrayType>(Array);
  assert(CA && "Do we support VLA for destruction ?");
  llvm::Value *One = llvm::ConstantInt::get(llvm::Type::getInt64Ty(VMContext),
                                            1);
  uint64_t ElementCount = getContext().getConstantArrayElementCount(CA);
  // Create a temporary for the loop index and initialize it with count of
  // array elements.
  llvm::Value *IndexPtr = CreateTempAlloca(llvm::Type::getInt64Ty(VMContext),
                                           "loop.index");
  // Index = ElementCount;
  llvm::Value* UpperCount =
    llvm::ConstantInt::get(llvm::Type::getInt64Ty(VMContext), ElementCount);
  Builder.CreateStore(UpperCount, IndexPtr, false);

  // Start the loop with a block that tests the condition.
  llvm::BasicBlock *CondBlock = createBasicBlock("for.cond");
  llvm::BasicBlock *AfterFor = createBasicBlock("for.end");

  EmitBlock(CondBlock);

  llvm::BasicBlock *ForBody = createBasicBlock("for.body");

  // Generate: if (loop-index != 0 fall to the loop body,
  // otherwise, go to the block after the for-loop.
  llvm::Value* zeroConstant =
    llvm::Constant::getNullValue(llvm::Type::getInt64Ty(VMContext));
  llvm::Value *Counter = Builder.CreateLoad(IndexPtr);
  llvm::Value *IsNE = Builder.CreateICmpNE(Counter, zeroConstant,
                                            "isne");
  // If the condition is true, execute the body.
  Builder.CreateCondBr(IsNE, ForBody, AfterFor);

  EmitBlock(ForBody);

  llvm::BasicBlock *ContinueBlock = createBasicBlock("for.inc");
  // Inside the loop body, emit the constructor call on the array element.
  Counter = Builder.CreateLoad(IndexPtr);
  Counter = Builder.CreateSub(Counter, One);
  llvm::Value *Address = Builder.CreateInBoundsGEP(This, Counter, "arrayidx");
  EmitCXXDestructorCall(D, Dtor_Complete, Address);

  EmitBlock(ContinueBlock);

  // Emit the decrement of the loop counter.
  Counter = Builder.CreateLoad(IndexPtr);
  Counter = Builder.CreateSub(Counter, One, "dec");
  Builder.CreateStore(Counter, IndexPtr, false);

  // Finally, branch back up to the condition for the next iteration.
  EmitBranch(CondBlock);

  // Emit the fall-through block.
  EmitBlock(AfterFor, true);
}

void
CodeGenFunction::EmitCXXConstructorCall(const CXXConstructorDecl *D,
                                        CXXCtorType Type,
                                        llvm::Value *This,
                                        CallExpr::const_arg_iterator ArgBeg,
                                        CallExpr::const_arg_iterator ArgEnd) {
  if (D->isCopyConstructor(getContext())) {
    const CXXRecordDecl *ClassDecl = cast<CXXRecordDecl>(D->getDeclContext());
    if (ClassDecl->hasTrivialCopyConstructor()) {
      assert(!ClassDecl->hasUserDeclaredCopyConstructor() &&
             "EmitCXXConstructorCall - user declared copy constructor");
      const Expr *E = (*ArgBeg);
      QualType Ty = E->getType();
      llvm::Value *Src = EmitLValue(E).getAddress();
      EmitAggregateCopy(This, Src, Ty);
      return;
    }
  }

  llvm::Value *Callee = CGM.GetAddrOfCXXConstructor(D, Type);

  EmitCXXMemberCall(D, Callee, This, ArgBeg, ArgEnd);
}

void CodeGenFunction::EmitCXXDestructorCall(const CXXDestructorDecl *D,
                                            CXXDtorType Type,
                                            llvm::Value *This) {
  llvm::Value *Callee = CGM.GetAddrOfCXXDestructor(D, Type);

  EmitCXXMemberCall(D, Callee, This, 0, 0);
}

void
CodeGenFunction::EmitCXXConstructExpr(llvm::Value *Dest,
                                      const CXXConstructExpr *E) {
  assert(Dest && "Must have a destination!");

  const CXXRecordDecl *RD =
  cast<CXXRecordDecl>(E->getType()->getAs<RecordType>()->getDecl());
  if (RD->hasTrivialConstructor())
    return;

  // Code gen optimization to eliminate copy constructor and return
  // its first argument instead.
  if (getContext().getLangOptions().ElideConstructors && E->isElidable()) {
    CXXConstructExpr::const_arg_iterator i = E->arg_begin();
    EmitAggExpr((*i), Dest, false);
    return;
  }
  // Call the constructor.
  EmitCXXConstructorCall(E->getConstructor(), Ctor_Complete, Dest,
                         E->arg_begin(), E->arg_end());
}

void CodeGenModule::EmitCXXConstructors(const CXXConstructorDecl *D) {
  EmitGlobal(GlobalDecl(D, Ctor_Complete));
  EmitGlobal(GlobalDecl(D, Ctor_Base));
}

void CodeGenModule::EmitCXXConstructor(const CXXConstructorDecl *D,
                                       CXXCtorType Type) {

  llvm::Function *Fn = GetAddrOfCXXConstructor(D, Type);

  CodeGenFunction(*this).GenerateCode(GlobalDecl(D, Type), Fn);

  SetFunctionDefinitionAttributes(D, Fn);
  SetLLVMFunctionAttributesForDefinition(D, Fn);
}

llvm::Function *
CodeGenModule::GetAddrOfCXXConstructor(const CXXConstructorDecl *D,
                                       CXXCtorType Type) {
  const llvm::FunctionType *FTy =
    getTypes().GetFunctionType(getTypes().getFunctionInfo(D), false);

  const char *Name = getMangledCXXCtorName(D, Type);
  return cast<llvm::Function>(
                      GetOrCreateLLVMFunction(Name, FTy, GlobalDecl(D, Type)));
}

const char *CodeGenModule::getMangledCXXCtorName(const CXXConstructorDecl *D,
                                                 CXXCtorType Type) {
  llvm::SmallString<256> Name;
  llvm::raw_svector_ostream Out(Name);
  mangleCXXCtor(getMangleContext(), D, Type, Out);

  Name += '\0';
  return UniqueMangledName(Name.begin(), Name.end());
}

void CodeGenModule::EmitCXXDestructors(const CXXDestructorDecl *D) {
  EmitCXXDestructor(D, Dtor_Complete);
  EmitCXXDestructor(D, Dtor_Base);
}

void CodeGenModule::EmitCXXDestructor(const CXXDestructorDecl *D,
                                      CXXDtorType Type) {
  llvm::Function *Fn = GetAddrOfCXXDestructor(D, Type);

  CodeGenFunction(*this).GenerateCode(GlobalDecl(D, Type), Fn);

  SetFunctionDefinitionAttributes(D, Fn);
  SetLLVMFunctionAttributesForDefinition(D, Fn);
}

llvm::Function *
CodeGenModule::GetAddrOfCXXDestructor(const CXXDestructorDecl *D,
                                      CXXDtorType Type) {
  const llvm::FunctionType *FTy =
    getTypes().GetFunctionType(getTypes().getFunctionInfo(D), false);

  const char *Name = getMangledCXXDtorName(D, Type);
  return cast<llvm::Function>(
                      GetOrCreateLLVMFunction(Name, FTy, GlobalDecl(D, Type)));
}

const char *CodeGenModule::getMangledCXXDtorName(const CXXDestructorDecl *D,
                                                 CXXDtorType Type) {
  llvm::SmallString<256> Name;
  llvm::raw_svector_ostream Out(Name);
  mangleCXXDtor(getMangleContext(), D, Type, Out);

  Name += '\0';
  return UniqueMangledName(Name.begin(), Name.end());
}

llvm::Constant *CodeGenFunction::GenerateThunk(llvm::Function *Fn,
                                               const CXXMethodDecl *MD,
                                               bool Extern, int64_t nv,
                                               int64_t v) {
  QualType R = MD->getType()->getAs<FunctionType>()->getResultType();

  FunctionArgList Args;
  ImplicitParamDecl *ThisDecl =
    ImplicitParamDecl::Create(getContext(), 0, SourceLocation(), 0,
                              MD->getThisType(getContext()));
  Args.push_back(std::make_pair(ThisDecl, ThisDecl->getType()));
  for (FunctionDecl::param_const_iterator i = MD->param_begin(),
         e = MD->param_end();
       i != e; ++i) {
    ParmVarDecl *D = *i;
    Args.push_back(std::make_pair(D, D->getType()));
  }
  IdentifierInfo *II
    = &CGM.getContext().Idents.get("__thunk_named_foo_");
  FunctionDecl *FD = FunctionDecl::Create(getContext(),
                                          getContext().getTranslationUnitDecl(),
                                          SourceLocation(), II, R, 0,
                                          Extern
                                            ? FunctionDecl::Extern
                                            : FunctionDecl::Static,
                                          false, true);
  StartFunction(FD, R, Fn, Args, SourceLocation());
  // FIXME: generate body
  FinishFunction();
  return Fn;
}

llvm::Constant *CodeGenFunction::GenerateCovariantThunk(llvm::Function *Fn,
                                                        const CXXMethodDecl *MD,
                                                        bool Extern,
                                                        int64_t nv_t,
                                                        int64_t v_t,
                                                        int64_t nv_r,
                                                        int64_t v_r) {
  QualType R = MD->getType()->getAs<FunctionType>()->getResultType();

  FunctionArgList Args;
  ImplicitParamDecl *ThisDecl =
    ImplicitParamDecl::Create(getContext(), 0, SourceLocation(), 0,
                              MD->getThisType(getContext()));
  Args.push_back(std::make_pair(ThisDecl, ThisDecl->getType()));
  for (FunctionDecl::param_const_iterator i = MD->param_begin(),
         e = MD->param_end();
       i != e; ++i) {
    ParmVarDecl *D = *i;
    Args.push_back(std::make_pair(D, D->getType()));
  }
  IdentifierInfo *II
    = &CGM.getContext().Idents.get("__thunk_named_foo_");
  FunctionDecl *FD = FunctionDecl::Create(getContext(),
                                          getContext().getTranslationUnitDecl(),
                                          SourceLocation(), II, R, 0,
                                          Extern
                                            ? FunctionDecl::Extern
                                            : FunctionDecl::Static,
                                          false, true);
  StartFunction(FD, R, Fn, Args, SourceLocation());
  // FIXME: generate body
  FinishFunction();
  return Fn;
}

llvm::Constant *CodeGenModule::BuildThunk(const CXXMethodDecl *MD, bool Extern,
                                          int64_t nv, int64_t v) {
  llvm::SmallString<256> OutName;
  llvm::raw_svector_ostream Out(OutName);
  mangleThunk(getMangleContext(), MD, nv, v, Out);
  llvm::GlobalVariable::LinkageTypes linktype;
  linktype = llvm::GlobalValue::WeakAnyLinkage;
  if (!Extern)
    linktype = llvm::GlobalValue::InternalLinkage;
  llvm::Type *Ptr8Ty=llvm::PointerType::get(llvm::Type::getInt8Ty(VMContext),0);
  const FunctionProtoType *FPT = MD->getType()->getAs<FunctionProtoType>();
  const llvm::FunctionType *FTy =
    getTypes().GetFunctionType(getTypes().getFunctionInfo(MD),
                               FPT->isVariadic());

  llvm::Function *Fn = llvm::Function::Create(FTy, linktype, Out.str(),
                                              &getModule());
  CodeGenFunction(*this).GenerateThunk(Fn, MD, Extern, nv, v);
  // Fn = Builder.CreateBitCast(Fn, Ptr8Ty);
  llvm::Constant *m = llvm::ConstantExpr::getBitCast(Fn, Ptr8Ty);
  return m;
}

llvm::Constant *CodeGenModule::BuildCovariantThunk(const CXXMethodDecl *MD,
                                                   bool Extern, int64_t nv_t,
                                                   int64_t v_t, int64_t nv_r,
                                                   int64_t v_r) {
  llvm::SmallString<256> OutName;
  llvm::raw_svector_ostream Out(OutName);
  mangleCovariantThunk(getMangleContext(), MD, nv_t, v_t, nv_r, v_r, Out);
  llvm::GlobalVariable::LinkageTypes linktype;
  linktype = llvm::GlobalValue::WeakAnyLinkage;
  if (!Extern)
    linktype = llvm::GlobalValue::InternalLinkage;
  llvm::Type *Ptr8Ty=llvm::PointerType::get(llvm::Type::getInt8Ty(VMContext),0);
  const FunctionProtoType *FPT = MD->getType()->getAs<FunctionProtoType>();
  const llvm::FunctionType *FTy =
    getTypes().GetFunctionType(getTypes().getFunctionInfo(MD),
                               FPT->isVariadic());

  llvm::Function *Fn = llvm::Function::Create(FTy, linktype, Out.str(),
                                              &getModule());
  CodeGenFunction(*this).GenerateCovariantThunk(Fn, MD, Extern, nv_t, v_t, nv_r,
                                               v_r);
  // Fn = Builder.CreateBitCast(Fn, Ptr8Ty);
  llvm::Constant *m = llvm::ConstantExpr::getBitCast(Fn, Ptr8Ty);
  return m;
}

llvm::Value *
CodeGenFunction::GetVirtualCXXBaseClassOffset(llvm::Value *This,
                                              const CXXRecordDecl *ClassDecl,
                                           const CXXRecordDecl *BaseClassDecl) {
  const llvm::Type *Int8PtrTy = 
    llvm::Type::getInt8Ty(VMContext)->getPointerTo();

  llvm::Value *VTablePtr = Builder.CreateBitCast(This, 
                                                 Int8PtrTy->getPointerTo());
  VTablePtr = Builder.CreateLoad(VTablePtr, "vtable");

  int64_t VBaseOffsetIndex = 
    CGM.getVtableInfo().getVirtualBaseOffsetIndex(ClassDecl, BaseClassDecl);
  
  llvm::Value *VBaseOffsetPtr = 
    Builder.CreateConstGEP1_64(VTablePtr, VBaseOffsetIndex, "vbase.offset.ptr");  
  const llvm::Type *PtrDiffTy = 
    ConvertType(getContext().getPointerDiffType());
  
  VBaseOffsetPtr = Builder.CreateBitCast(VBaseOffsetPtr, 
                                         PtrDiffTy->getPointerTo());
                                         
  llvm::Value *VBaseOffset = Builder.CreateLoad(VBaseOffsetPtr, "vbase.offset");
  
  return VBaseOffset;
}

llvm::Value *
CodeGenFunction::BuildVirtualCall(const CXXMethodDecl *MD, llvm::Value *&This,
                                  const llvm::Type *Ty) {
  int64_t Index = CGM.getVtableInfo().getMethodVtableIndex(MD);
  
  Ty = llvm::PointerType::get(Ty, 0);
  Ty = llvm::PointerType::get(Ty, 0);
  Ty = llvm::PointerType::get(Ty, 0);
  llvm::Value *vtbl = Builder.CreateBitCast(This, Ty);
  vtbl = Builder.CreateLoad(vtbl);
  llvm::Value *vfn = Builder.CreateConstInBoundsGEP1_64(vtbl,
                                                        Index, "vfn");
  vfn = Builder.CreateLoad(vfn);
  return vfn;
}

/// EmitClassAggrMemberwiseCopy - This routine generates code to copy a class
/// array of objects from SrcValue to DestValue. Copying can be either a bitwise
/// copy or via a copy constructor call.
//  FIXME. Consolidate this with EmitCXXAggrConstructorCall.
void CodeGenFunction::EmitClassAggrMemberwiseCopy(llvm::Value *Dest,
                                            llvm::Value *Src,
                                            const ArrayType *Array,
                                            const CXXRecordDecl *BaseClassDecl,
                                            QualType Ty) {
  const ConstantArrayType *CA = dyn_cast<ConstantArrayType>(Array);
  assert(CA && "VLA cannot be copied over");
  bool BitwiseCopy = BaseClassDecl->hasTrivialCopyConstructor();

  // Create a temporary for the loop index and initialize it with 0.
  llvm::Value *IndexPtr = CreateTempAlloca(llvm::Type::getInt64Ty(VMContext),
                                           "loop.index");
  llvm::Value* zeroConstant =
    llvm::Constant::getNullValue(llvm::Type::getInt64Ty(VMContext));
  Builder.CreateStore(zeroConstant, IndexPtr, false);
  // Start the loop with a block that tests the condition.
  llvm::BasicBlock *CondBlock = createBasicBlock("for.cond");
  llvm::BasicBlock *AfterFor = createBasicBlock("for.end");

  EmitBlock(CondBlock);

  llvm::BasicBlock *ForBody = createBasicBlock("for.body");
  // Generate: if (loop-index < number-of-elements fall to the loop body,
  // otherwise, go to the block after the for-loop.
  uint64_t NumElements = getContext().getConstantArrayElementCount(CA);
  llvm::Value * NumElementsPtr =
    llvm::ConstantInt::get(llvm::Type::getInt64Ty(VMContext), NumElements);
  llvm::Value *Counter = Builder.CreateLoad(IndexPtr);
  llvm::Value *IsLess = Builder.CreateICmpULT(Counter, NumElementsPtr,
                                              "isless");
  // If the condition is true, execute the body.
  Builder.CreateCondBr(IsLess, ForBody, AfterFor);

  EmitBlock(ForBody);
  llvm::BasicBlock *ContinueBlock = createBasicBlock("for.inc");
  // Inside the loop body, emit the constructor call on the array element.
  Counter = Builder.CreateLoad(IndexPtr);
  Src = Builder.CreateInBoundsGEP(Src, Counter, "srcaddress");
  Dest = Builder.CreateInBoundsGEP(Dest, Counter, "destaddress");
  if (BitwiseCopy)
    EmitAggregateCopy(Dest, Src, Ty);
  else if (CXXConstructorDecl *BaseCopyCtor =
           BaseClassDecl->getCopyConstructor(getContext(), 0)) {
    llvm::Value *Callee = CGM.GetAddrOfCXXConstructor(BaseCopyCtor,
                                                      Ctor_Complete);
    CallArgList CallArgs;
    // Push the this (Dest) ptr.
    CallArgs.push_back(std::make_pair(RValue::get(Dest),
                                      BaseCopyCtor->getThisType(getContext())));

    // Push the Src ptr.
    CallArgs.push_back(std::make_pair(RValue::get(Src),
                                      BaseCopyCtor->getParamDecl(0)->getType()));
    QualType ResultType =
      BaseCopyCtor->getType()->getAs<FunctionType>()->getResultType();
    EmitCall(CGM.getTypes().getFunctionInfo(ResultType, CallArgs),
             Callee, CallArgs, BaseCopyCtor);
  }
  EmitBlock(ContinueBlock);

  // Emit the increment of the loop counter.
  llvm::Value *NextVal = llvm::ConstantInt::get(Counter->getType(), 1);
  Counter = Builder.CreateLoad(IndexPtr);
  NextVal = Builder.CreateAdd(Counter, NextVal, "inc");
  Builder.CreateStore(NextVal, IndexPtr, false);

  // Finally, branch back up to the condition for the next iteration.
  EmitBranch(CondBlock);

  // Emit the fall-through block.
  EmitBlock(AfterFor, true);
}

/// EmitClassAggrCopyAssignment - This routine generates code to assign a class
/// array of objects from SrcValue to DestValue. Assignment can be either a
/// bitwise assignment or via a copy assignment operator function call.
/// FIXME. This can be consolidated with EmitClassAggrMemberwiseCopy
void CodeGenFunction::EmitClassAggrCopyAssignment(llvm::Value *Dest,
                                            llvm::Value *Src,
                                            const ArrayType *Array,
                                            const CXXRecordDecl *BaseClassDecl,
                                            QualType Ty) {
  const ConstantArrayType *CA = dyn_cast<ConstantArrayType>(Array);
  assert(CA && "VLA cannot be asssigned");
  bool BitwiseAssign = BaseClassDecl->hasTrivialCopyAssignment();

  // Create a temporary for the loop index and initialize it with 0.
  llvm::Value *IndexPtr = CreateTempAlloca(llvm::Type::getInt64Ty(VMContext),
                                           "loop.index");
  llvm::Value* zeroConstant =
  llvm::Constant::getNullValue(llvm::Type::getInt64Ty(VMContext));
  Builder.CreateStore(zeroConstant, IndexPtr, false);
  // Start the loop with a block that tests the condition.
  llvm::BasicBlock *CondBlock = createBasicBlock("for.cond");
  llvm::BasicBlock *AfterFor = createBasicBlock("for.end");

  EmitBlock(CondBlock);

  llvm::BasicBlock *ForBody = createBasicBlock("for.body");
  // Generate: if (loop-index < number-of-elements fall to the loop body,
  // otherwise, go to the block after the for-loop.
  uint64_t NumElements = getContext().getConstantArrayElementCount(CA);
  llvm::Value * NumElementsPtr =
  llvm::ConstantInt::get(llvm::Type::getInt64Ty(VMContext), NumElements);
  llvm::Value *Counter = Builder.CreateLoad(IndexPtr);
  llvm::Value *IsLess = Builder.CreateICmpULT(Counter, NumElementsPtr,
                                              "isless");
  // If the condition is true, execute the body.
  Builder.CreateCondBr(IsLess, ForBody, AfterFor);

  EmitBlock(ForBody);
  llvm::BasicBlock *ContinueBlock = createBasicBlock("for.inc");
  // Inside the loop body, emit the assignment operator call on array element.
  Counter = Builder.CreateLoad(IndexPtr);
  Src = Builder.CreateInBoundsGEP(Src, Counter, "srcaddress");
  Dest = Builder.CreateInBoundsGEP(Dest, Counter, "destaddress");
  const CXXMethodDecl *MD = 0;
  if (BitwiseAssign)
    EmitAggregateCopy(Dest, Src, Ty);
  else {
    bool hasCopyAssign = BaseClassDecl->hasConstCopyAssignment(getContext(),
                                                               MD);
    assert(hasCopyAssign && "EmitClassAggrCopyAssignment - No user assign");
    (void)hasCopyAssign;
    const FunctionProtoType *FPT = MD->getType()->getAs<FunctionProtoType>();
    const llvm::Type *LTy =
    CGM.getTypes().GetFunctionType(CGM.getTypes().getFunctionInfo(MD),
                                   FPT->isVariadic());
    llvm::Constant *Callee = CGM.GetAddrOfFunction(MD, LTy);

    CallArgList CallArgs;
    // Push the this (Dest) ptr.
    CallArgs.push_back(std::make_pair(RValue::get(Dest),
                                      MD->getThisType(getContext())));

    // Push the Src ptr.
    CallArgs.push_back(std::make_pair(RValue::get(Src),
                                      MD->getParamDecl(0)->getType()));
    QualType ResultType = MD->getType()->getAs<FunctionType>()->getResultType();
    EmitCall(CGM.getTypes().getFunctionInfo(ResultType, CallArgs),
             Callee, CallArgs, MD);
  }
  EmitBlock(ContinueBlock);

  // Emit the increment of the loop counter.
  llvm::Value *NextVal = llvm::ConstantInt::get(Counter->getType(), 1);
  Counter = Builder.CreateLoad(IndexPtr);
  NextVal = Builder.CreateAdd(Counter, NextVal, "inc");
  Builder.CreateStore(NextVal, IndexPtr, false);

  // Finally, branch back up to the condition for the next iteration.
  EmitBranch(CondBlock);

  // Emit the fall-through block.
  EmitBlock(AfterFor, true);
}

/// EmitClassMemberwiseCopy - This routine generates code to copy a class
/// object from SrcValue to DestValue. Copying can be either a bitwise copy
/// or via a copy constructor call.
void CodeGenFunction::EmitClassMemberwiseCopy(
                        llvm::Value *Dest, llvm::Value *Src,
                        const CXXRecordDecl *ClassDecl,
                        const CXXRecordDecl *BaseClassDecl, QualType Ty) {
  if (ClassDecl) {
    Dest = GetAddressCXXOfBaseClass(Dest, ClassDecl, BaseClassDecl,
                                    /*NullCheckValue=*/false);
    Src = GetAddressCXXOfBaseClass(Src, ClassDecl, BaseClassDecl,
                                   /*NullCheckValue=*/false);
  }
  if (BaseClassDecl->hasTrivialCopyConstructor()) {
    EmitAggregateCopy(Dest, Src, Ty);
    return;
  }

  if (CXXConstructorDecl *BaseCopyCtor =
      BaseClassDecl->getCopyConstructor(getContext(), 0)) {
    llvm::Value *Callee = CGM.GetAddrOfCXXConstructor(BaseCopyCtor,
                                                      Ctor_Complete);
    CallArgList CallArgs;
    // Push the this (Dest) ptr.
    CallArgs.push_back(std::make_pair(RValue::get(Dest),
                                      BaseCopyCtor->getThisType(getContext())));

    // Push the Src ptr.
    CallArgs.push_back(std::make_pair(RValue::get(Src),
                       BaseCopyCtor->getParamDecl(0)->getType()));
    QualType ResultType =
    BaseCopyCtor->getType()->getAs<FunctionType>()->getResultType();
    EmitCall(CGM.getTypes().getFunctionInfo(ResultType, CallArgs),
             Callee, CallArgs, BaseCopyCtor);
  }
}

/// EmitClassCopyAssignment - This routine generates code to copy assign a class
/// object from SrcValue to DestValue. Assignment can be either a bitwise
/// assignment of via an assignment operator call.
// FIXME. Consolidate this with EmitClassMemberwiseCopy as they share a lot.
void CodeGenFunction::EmitClassCopyAssignment(
                                        llvm::Value *Dest, llvm::Value *Src,
                                        const CXXRecordDecl *ClassDecl,
                                        const CXXRecordDecl *BaseClassDecl,
                                        QualType Ty) {
  if (ClassDecl) {
    Dest = GetAddressCXXOfBaseClass(Dest, ClassDecl, BaseClassDecl,
                                    /*NullCheckValue=*/false);
    Src = GetAddressCXXOfBaseClass(Src, ClassDecl, BaseClassDecl,
                                   /*NullCheckValue=*/false);
  }
  if (BaseClassDecl->hasTrivialCopyAssignment()) {
    EmitAggregateCopy(Dest, Src, Ty);
    return;
  }

  const CXXMethodDecl *MD = 0;
  bool ConstCopyAssignOp = BaseClassDecl->hasConstCopyAssignment(getContext(),
                                                                 MD);
  assert(ConstCopyAssignOp && "EmitClassCopyAssignment - missing copy assign");
  (void)ConstCopyAssignOp;

  const FunctionProtoType *FPT = MD->getType()->getAs<FunctionProtoType>();
  const llvm::Type *LTy =
    CGM.getTypes().GetFunctionType(CGM.getTypes().getFunctionInfo(MD),
                                   FPT->isVariadic());
  llvm::Constant *Callee = CGM.GetAddrOfFunction(MD, LTy);

  CallArgList CallArgs;
  // Push the this (Dest) ptr.
  CallArgs.push_back(std::make_pair(RValue::get(Dest),
                                    MD->getThisType(getContext())));

  // Push the Src ptr.
  CallArgs.push_back(std::make_pair(RValue::get(Src),
                                    MD->getParamDecl(0)->getType()));
  QualType ResultType =
    MD->getType()->getAs<FunctionType>()->getResultType();
  EmitCall(CGM.getTypes().getFunctionInfo(ResultType, CallArgs),
           Callee, CallArgs, MD);
}

/// SynthesizeDefaultConstructor - synthesize a default constructor
void
CodeGenFunction::SynthesizeDefaultConstructor(const CXXConstructorDecl *Ctor,
                                              CXXCtorType Type,
                                              llvm::Function *Fn,
                                              const FunctionArgList &Args) {
  StartFunction(GlobalDecl(Ctor, Type), Ctor->getResultType(), Fn, Args, 
                SourceLocation());
  EmitCtorPrologue(Ctor, Type);
  FinishFunction();
}

/// SynthesizeCXXCopyConstructor - This routine implicitly defines body of a copy
/// constructor, in accordance with section 12.8 (p7 and p8) of C++03
/// The implicitly-defined copy constructor for class X performs a memberwise
/// copy of its subobjects. The order of copying is the same as the order
/// of initialization of bases and members in a user-defined constructor
/// Each subobject is copied in the manner appropriate to its type:
///  if the subobject is of class type, the copy constructor for the class is
///  used;
///  if the subobject is an array, each element is copied, in the manner
///  appropriate to the element type;
///  if the subobject is of scalar type, the built-in assignment operator is
///  used.
/// Virtual base class subobjects shall be copied only once by the
/// implicitly-defined copy constructor

void 
CodeGenFunction::SynthesizeCXXCopyConstructor(const CXXConstructorDecl *Ctor,
                                              CXXCtorType Type,
                                              llvm::Function *Fn,
                                              const FunctionArgList &Args) {
  const CXXRecordDecl *ClassDecl = Ctor->getParent();
  assert(!ClassDecl->hasUserDeclaredCopyConstructor() &&
         "SynthesizeCXXCopyConstructor - copy constructor has definition already");
  StartFunction(GlobalDecl(Ctor, Type), Ctor->getResultType(), Fn, Args, 
                SourceLocation());

  FunctionArgList::const_iterator i = Args.begin();
  const VarDecl *ThisArg = i->first;
  llvm::Value *ThisObj = GetAddrOfLocalVar(ThisArg);
  llvm::Value *LoadOfThis = Builder.CreateLoad(ThisObj, "this");
  const VarDecl *SrcArg = (i+1)->first;
  llvm::Value *SrcObj = GetAddrOfLocalVar(SrcArg);
  llvm::Value *LoadOfSrc = Builder.CreateLoad(SrcObj);

  for (CXXRecordDecl::base_class_const_iterator Base = ClassDecl->bases_begin();
       Base != ClassDecl->bases_end(); ++Base) {
    // FIXME. copy constrution of virtual base NYI
    if (Base->isVirtual())
      continue;

    CXXRecordDecl *BaseClassDecl
      = cast<CXXRecordDecl>(Base->getType()->getAs<RecordType>()->getDecl());
    EmitClassMemberwiseCopy(LoadOfThis, LoadOfSrc, ClassDecl, BaseClassDecl,
                            Base->getType());
  }

  for (CXXRecordDecl::field_iterator Field = ClassDecl->field_begin(),
       FieldEnd = ClassDecl->field_end();
       Field != FieldEnd; ++Field) {
    QualType FieldType = getContext().getCanonicalType((*Field)->getType());
    const ConstantArrayType *Array =
      getContext().getAsConstantArrayType(FieldType);
    if (Array)
      FieldType = getContext().getBaseElementType(FieldType);

    if (const RecordType *FieldClassType = FieldType->getAs<RecordType>()) {
      CXXRecordDecl *FieldClassDecl
        = cast<CXXRecordDecl>(FieldClassType->getDecl());
      LValue LHS = EmitLValueForField(LoadOfThis, *Field, false, 0);
      LValue RHS = EmitLValueForField(LoadOfSrc, *Field, false, 0);
      if (Array) {
        const llvm::Type *BasePtr = ConvertType(FieldType);
        BasePtr = llvm::PointerType::getUnqual(BasePtr);
        llvm::Value *DestBaseAddrPtr =
          Builder.CreateBitCast(LHS.getAddress(), BasePtr);
        llvm::Value *SrcBaseAddrPtr =
          Builder.CreateBitCast(RHS.getAddress(), BasePtr);
        EmitClassAggrMemberwiseCopy(DestBaseAddrPtr, SrcBaseAddrPtr, Array,
                                    FieldClassDecl, FieldType);
      }
      else
        EmitClassMemberwiseCopy(LHS.getAddress(), RHS.getAddress(),
                                0 /*ClassDecl*/, FieldClassDecl, FieldType);
      continue;
    }
    // Do a built-in assignment of scalar data members.
    LValue LHS = EmitLValueForField(LoadOfThis, *Field, false, 0);
    LValue RHS = EmitLValueForField(LoadOfSrc, *Field, false, 0);
    RValue RVRHS = EmitLoadOfLValue(RHS, FieldType);
    EmitStoreThroughLValue(RVRHS, LHS, FieldType);
  }
  FinishFunction();
}

/// SynthesizeCXXCopyAssignment - Implicitly define copy assignment operator.
/// Before the implicitly-declared copy assignment operator for a class is
/// implicitly defined, all implicitly- declared copy assignment operators for
/// its direct base classes and its nonstatic data members shall have been
/// implicitly defined. [12.8-p12]
/// The implicitly-defined copy assignment operator for class X performs
/// memberwise assignment of its subob- jects. The direct base classes of X are
/// assigned first, in the order of their declaration in
/// the base-specifier-list, and then the immediate nonstatic data members of X
/// are assigned, in the order in which they were declared in the class
/// definition.Each subobject is assigned in the manner appropriate to its type:
///   if the subobject is of class type, the copy assignment operator for the
///   class is used (as if by explicit qualification; that is, ignoring any
///   possible virtual overriding functions in more derived classes);
///
///   if the subobject is an array, each element is assigned, in the manner
///   appropriate to the element type;
///
///   if the subobject is of scalar type, the built-in assignment operator is
///   used.
void CodeGenFunction::SynthesizeCXXCopyAssignment(const CXXMethodDecl *CD,
                                                  llvm::Function *Fn,
                                                  const FunctionArgList &Args) {

  const CXXRecordDecl *ClassDecl = cast<CXXRecordDecl>(CD->getDeclContext());
  assert(!ClassDecl->hasUserDeclaredCopyAssignment() &&
         "SynthesizeCXXCopyAssignment - copy assignment has user declaration");
  StartFunction(CD, CD->getResultType(), Fn, Args, SourceLocation());

  FunctionArgList::const_iterator i = Args.begin();
  const VarDecl *ThisArg = i->first;
  llvm::Value *ThisObj = GetAddrOfLocalVar(ThisArg);
  llvm::Value *LoadOfThis = Builder.CreateLoad(ThisObj, "this");
  const VarDecl *SrcArg = (i+1)->first;
  llvm::Value *SrcObj = GetAddrOfLocalVar(SrcArg);
  llvm::Value *LoadOfSrc = Builder.CreateLoad(SrcObj);

  for (CXXRecordDecl::base_class_const_iterator Base = ClassDecl->bases_begin();
       Base != ClassDecl->bases_end(); ++Base) {
    // FIXME. copy assignment of virtual base NYI
    if (Base->isVirtual())
      continue;

    CXXRecordDecl *BaseClassDecl
      = cast<CXXRecordDecl>(Base->getType()->getAs<RecordType>()->getDecl());
    EmitClassCopyAssignment(LoadOfThis, LoadOfSrc, ClassDecl, BaseClassDecl,
                            Base->getType());
  }

  for (CXXRecordDecl::field_iterator Field = ClassDecl->field_begin(),
       FieldEnd = ClassDecl->field_end();
       Field != FieldEnd; ++Field) {
    QualType FieldType = getContext().getCanonicalType((*Field)->getType());
    const ConstantArrayType *Array =
      getContext().getAsConstantArrayType(FieldType);
    if (Array)
      FieldType = getContext().getBaseElementType(FieldType);

    if (const RecordType *FieldClassType = FieldType->getAs<RecordType>()) {
      CXXRecordDecl *FieldClassDecl
      = cast<CXXRecordDecl>(FieldClassType->getDecl());
      LValue LHS = EmitLValueForField(LoadOfThis, *Field, false, 0);
      LValue RHS = EmitLValueForField(LoadOfSrc, *Field, false, 0);
      if (Array) {
        const llvm::Type *BasePtr = ConvertType(FieldType);
        BasePtr = llvm::PointerType::getUnqual(BasePtr);
        llvm::Value *DestBaseAddrPtr =
          Builder.CreateBitCast(LHS.getAddress(), BasePtr);
        llvm::Value *SrcBaseAddrPtr =
          Builder.CreateBitCast(RHS.getAddress(), BasePtr);
        EmitClassAggrCopyAssignment(DestBaseAddrPtr, SrcBaseAddrPtr, Array,
                                    FieldClassDecl, FieldType);
      }
      else
        EmitClassCopyAssignment(LHS.getAddress(), RHS.getAddress(),
                               0 /*ClassDecl*/, FieldClassDecl, FieldType);
      continue;
    }
    // Do a built-in assignment of scalar data members.
    LValue LHS = EmitLValueForField(LoadOfThis, *Field, false, 0);
    LValue RHS = EmitLValueForField(LoadOfSrc, *Field, false, 0);
    RValue RVRHS = EmitLoadOfLValue(RHS, FieldType);
    EmitStoreThroughLValue(RVRHS, LHS, FieldType);
  }

  // return *this;
  Builder.CreateStore(LoadOfThis, ReturnValue);

  FinishFunction();
}

/// EmitCtorPrologue - This routine generates necessary code to initialize
/// base classes and non-static data members belonging to this constructor.
/// FIXME: This needs to take a CXXCtorType.
void CodeGenFunction::EmitCtorPrologue(const CXXConstructorDecl *CD,
                                       CXXCtorType CtorType) {
  const CXXRecordDecl *ClassDecl = cast<CXXRecordDecl>(CD->getDeclContext());
  // FIXME: Add vbase initialization
  llvm::Value *LoadOfThis = 0;

  for (CXXConstructorDecl::init_const_iterator B = CD->init_begin(),
       E = CD->init_end();
       B != E; ++B) {
    CXXBaseOrMemberInitializer *Member = (*B);
    if (Member->isBaseInitializer()) {
      LoadOfThis = LoadCXXThis();
      Type *BaseType = Member->getBaseClass();
      CXXRecordDecl *BaseClassDecl =
        cast<CXXRecordDecl>(BaseType->getAs<RecordType>()->getDecl());
      llvm::Value *V = GetAddressCXXOfBaseClass(LoadOfThis, ClassDecl,
                                                BaseClassDecl,
                                                /*NullCheckValue=*/false);
      EmitCXXConstructorCall(Member->getConstructor(),
                             CtorType, V,
                             Member->const_arg_begin(),
                             Member->const_arg_end());
    } else {
      // non-static data member initilaizers.
      FieldDecl *Field = Member->getMember();
      QualType FieldType = getContext().getCanonicalType((Field)->getType());
      const ConstantArrayType *Array =
        getContext().getAsConstantArrayType(FieldType);
      if (Array)
        FieldType = getContext().getBaseElementType(FieldType);

      LoadOfThis = LoadCXXThis();
      LValue LHS;
      if (FieldType->isReferenceType()) {
        // FIXME: This is really ugly; should be refactored somehow
        unsigned idx = CGM.getTypes().getLLVMFieldNo(Field);
        llvm::Value *V = Builder.CreateStructGEP(LoadOfThis, idx, "tmp");
        assert(!FieldType.getObjCGCAttr() && "fields cannot have GC attrs");
        LHS = LValue::MakeAddr(V, MakeQualifiers(FieldType));
      } else {
        LHS = EmitLValueForField(LoadOfThis, Field, false, 0);
      }
      if (FieldType->getAs<RecordType>()) {
        if (!Field->isAnonymousStructOrUnion()) {
          assert(Member->getConstructor() &&
                 "EmitCtorPrologue - no constructor to initialize member");
          if (Array) {
            const llvm::Type *BasePtr = ConvertType(FieldType);
            BasePtr = llvm::PointerType::getUnqual(BasePtr);
            llvm::Value *BaseAddrPtr =
            Builder.CreateBitCast(LHS.getAddress(), BasePtr);
            EmitCXXAggrConstructorCall(Member->getConstructor(),
                                       Array, BaseAddrPtr);
          }
          else
            EmitCXXConstructorCall(Member->getConstructor(),
                                   Ctor_Complete, LHS.getAddress(),
                                   Member->const_arg_begin(),
                                   Member->const_arg_end());
          continue;
        }
        else {
          // Initializing an anonymous union data member.
          FieldDecl *anonMember = Member->getAnonUnionMember();
          LHS = EmitLValueForField(LHS.getAddress(), anonMember,
                                   /*IsUnion=*/true, 0);
          FieldType = anonMember->getType();
        }
      }

      assert(Member->getNumArgs() == 1 && "Initializer count must be 1 only");
      Expr *RhsExpr = *Member->arg_begin();
      RValue RHS;
      if (FieldType->isReferenceType())
        RHS = EmitReferenceBindingToExpr(RhsExpr, FieldType,
                                        /*IsInitializer=*/true);
      else
        RHS = RValue::get(EmitScalarExpr(RhsExpr, true));
      EmitStoreThroughLValue(RHS, LHS, FieldType);
    }
  }

  if (!CD->getNumBaseOrMemberInitializers() && !CD->isTrivial()) {
    // Nontrivial default constructor with no initializer list. It may still
    // have bases classes and/or contain non-static data members which require
    // construction.
    for (CXXRecordDecl::base_class_const_iterator Base =
          ClassDecl->bases_begin();
          Base != ClassDecl->bases_end(); ++Base) {
      // FIXME. copy assignment of virtual base NYI
      if (Base->isVirtual())
        continue;

      CXXRecordDecl *BaseClassDecl
        = cast<CXXRecordDecl>(Base->getType()->getAs<RecordType>()->getDecl());
      if (BaseClassDecl->hasTrivialConstructor())
        continue;
      if (CXXConstructorDecl *BaseCX =
            BaseClassDecl->getDefaultConstructor(getContext())) {
        LoadOfThis = LoadCXXThis();
        llvm::Value *V = GetAddressCXXOfBaseClass(LoadOfThis, ClassDecl,
                                                  BaseClassDecl,
                                                  /*NullCheckValue=*/false);
        EmitCXXConstructorCall(BaseCX, Ctor_Complete, V, 0, 0);
      }
    }

    for (CXXRecordDecl::field_iterator Field = ClassDecl->field_begin(),
         FieldEnd = ClassDecl->field_end();
         Field != FieldEnd; ++Field) {
      QualType FieldType = getContext().getCanonicalType((*Field)->getType());
      const ConstantArrayType *Array =
        getContext().getAsConstantArrayType(FieldType);
      if (Array)
        FieldType = getContext().getBaseElementType(FieldType);
      if (!FieldType->getAs<RecordType>() || Field->isAnonymousStructOrUnion())
        continue;
      const RecordType *ClassRec = FieldType->getAs<RecordType>();
      CXXRecordDecl *MemberClassDecl =
        dyn_cast<CXXRecordDecl>(ClassRec->getDecl());
      if (!MemberClassDecl || MemberClassDecl->hasTrivialConstructor())
        continue;
      if (CXXConstructorDecl *MamberCX =
            MemberClassDecl->getDefaultConstructor(getContext())) {
        LoadOfThis = LoadCXXThis();
        LValue LHS = EmitLValueForField(LoadOfThis, *Field, false, 0);
        if (Array) {
          const llvm::Type *BasePtr = ConvertType(FieldType);
          BasePtr = llvm::PointerType::getUnqual(BasePtr);
          llvm::Value *BaseAddrPtr =
            Builder.CreateBitCast(LHS.getAddress(), BasePtr);
          EmitCXXAggrConstructorCall(MamberCX, Array, BaseAddrPtr);
        }
        else
          EmitCXXConstructorCall(MamberCX, Ctor_Complete, LHS.getAddress(),
                                 0, 0);
      }
    }
  }

  // Initialize the vtable pointer
  if (ClassDecl->isDynamicClass()) {
    if (!LoadOfThis)
      LoadOfThis = LoadCXXThis();
    llvm::Value *VtableField;
    llvm::Type *Ptr8Ty, *PtrPtr8Ty;
    Ptr8Ty = llvm::PointerType::get(llvm::Type::getInt8Ty(VMContext), 0);
    PtrPtr8Ty = llvm::PointerType::get(Ptr8Ty, 0);
    VtableField = Builder.CreateBitCast(LoadOfThis, PtrPtr8Ty);
    llvm::Value *vtable = GenerateVtable(ClassDecl);
    Builder.CreateStore(vtable, VtableField);
  }
}

/// EmitDtorEpilogue - Emit all code that comes at the end of class's
/// destructor. This is to call destructors on members and base classes
/// in reverse order of their construction.
/// FIXME: This needs to take a CXXDtorType.
void CodeGenFunction::EmitDtorEpilogue(const CXXDestructorDecl *DD,
                                       CXXDtorType DtorType) {
  const CXXRecordDecl *ClassDecl = cast<CXXRecordDecl>(DD->getDeclContext());
  assert(!ClassDecl->getNumVBases() &&
         "FIXME: Destruction of virtual bases not supported");
  (void)ClassDecl;  // prevent warning.

  for (CXXDestructorDecl::destr_const_iterator *B = DD->destr_begin(),
       *E = DD->destr_end(); B != E; ++B) {
    uintptr_t BaseOrMember = (*B);
    if (DD->isMemberToDestroy(BaseOrMember)) {
      FieldDecl *FD = DD->getMemberToDestroy(BaseOrMember);
      QualType FieldType = getContext().getCanonicalType((FD)->getType());
      const ConstantArrayType *Array =
        getContext().getAsConstantArrayType(FieldType);
      if (Array)
        FieldType = getContext().getBaseElementType(FieldType);
      const RecordType *RT = FieldType->getAs<RecordType>();
      CXXRecordDecl *FieldClassDecl = cast<CXXRecordDecl>(RT->getDecl());
      if (FieldClassDecl->hasTrivialDestructor())
        continue;
      llvm::Value *LoadOfThis = LoadCXXThis();
      LValue LHS = EmitLValueForField(LoadOfThis, FD, false, 0);
      if (Array) {
        const llvm::Type *BasePtr = ConvertType(FieldType);
        BasePtr = llvm::PointerType::getUnqual(BasePtr);
        llvm::Value *BaseAddrPtr =
          Builder.CreateBitCast(LHS.getAddress(), BasePtr);
        EmitCXXAggrDestructorCall(FieldClassDecl->getDestructor(getContext()),
                                  Array, BaseAddrPtr);
      }
      else
        EmitCXXDestructorCall(FieldClassDecl->getDestructor(getContext()),
                              Dtor_Complete, LHS.getAddress());
    } else {
      const RecordType *RT =
        DD->getAnyBaseClassToDestroy(BaseOrMember)->getAs<RecordType>();
      CXXRecordDecl *BaseClassDecl = cast<CXXRecordDecl>(RT->getDecl());
      if (BaseClassDecl->hasTrivialDestructor())
        continue;
      llvm::Value *V = GetAddressCXXOfBaseClass(LoadCXXThis(),
                                                ClassDecl, BaseClassDecl,
                                                /*NullCheckValue=*/false);
      EmitCXXDestructorCall(BaseClassDecl->getDestructor(getContext()),
                            DtorType, V);
    }
  }
  if (DD->getNumBaseOrMemberDestructions() || DD->isTrivial())
    return;
  // Case of destructor synthesis with fields and base classes
  // which have non-trivial destructors. They must be destructed in
  // reverse order of their construction.
  llvm::SmallVector<FieldDecl *, 16> DestructedFields;

  for (CXXRecordDecl::field_iterator Field = ClassDecl->field_begin(),
       FieldEnd = ClassDecl->field_end();
       Field != FieldEnd; ++Field) {
    QualType FieldType = getContext().getCanonicalType((*Field)->getType());
    if (getContext().getAsConstantArrayType(FieldType))
      FieldType = getContext().getBaseElementType(FieldType);
    if (const RecordType *RT = FieldType->getAs<RecordType>()) {
      CXXRecordDecl *FieldClassDecl = cast<CXXRecordDecl>(RT->getDecl());
      if (FieldClassDecl->hasTrivialDestructor())
        continue;
      DestructedFields.push_back(*Field);
    }
  }
  if (!DestructedFields.empty())
    for (int i = DestructedFields.size() -1; i >= 0; --i) {
      FieldDecl *Field = DestructedFields[i];
      QualType FieldType = Field->getType();
      const ConstantArrayType *Array =
        getContext().getAsConstantArrayType(FieldType);
        if (Array)
          FieldType = getContext().getBaseElementType(FieldType);
      const RecordType *RT = FieldType->getAs<RecordType>();
      CXXRecordDecl *FieldClassDecl = cast<CXXRecordDecl>(RT->getDecl());
      llvm::Value *LoadOfThis = LoadCXXThis();
      LValue LHS = EmitLValueForField(LoadOfThis, Field, false, 0);
      if (Array) {
        const llvm::Type *BasePtr = ConvertType(FieldType);
        BasePtr = llvm::PointerType::getUnqual(BasePtr);
        llvm::Value *BaseAddrPtr =
        Builder.CreateBitCast(LHS.getAddress(), BasePtr);
        EmitCXXAggrDestructorCall(FieldClassDecl->getDestructor(getContext()),
                                  Array, BaseAddrPtr);
      }
      else
        EmitCXXDestructorCall(FieldClassDecl->getDestructor(getContext()),
                              Dtor_Complete, LHS.getAddress());
    }

  llvm::SmallVector<CXXRecordDecl*, 4> DestructedBases;
  for (CXXRecordDecl::base_class_const_iterator Base = ClassDecl->bases_begin();
       Base != ClassDecl->bases_end(); ++Base) {
    // FIXME. copy assignment of virtual base NYI
    if (Base->isVirtual())
      continue;

    CXXRecordDecl *BaseClassDecl
      = cast<CXXRecordDecl>(Base->getType()->getAs<RecordType>()->getDecl());
    if (BaseClassDecl->hasTrivialDestructor())
      continue;
    DestructedBases.push_back(BaseClassDecl);
  }
  if (DestructedBases.empty())
    return;
  for (int i = DestructedBases.size() -1; i >= 0; --i) {
    CXXRecordDecl *BaseClassDecl = DestructedBases[i];
    llvm::Value *V = GetAddressCXXOfBaseClass(LoadCXXThis(),
                                              ClassDecl,BaseClassDecl, 
                                              /*NullCheckValue=*/false);
    EmitCXXDestructorCall(BaseClassDecl->getDestructor(getContext()),
                          Dtor_Complete, V);
  }
}

void CodeGenFunction::SynthesizeDefaultDestructor(const CXXDestructorDecl *Dtor,
                                                  CXXDtorType DtorType,
                                                  llvm::Function *Fn,
                                                  const FunctionArgList &Args) {

  const CXXRecordDecl *ClassDecl = Dtor->getParent();
  assert(!ClassDecl->hasUserDeclaredDestructor() &&
         "SynthesizeDefaultDestructor - destructor has user declaration");
  (void) ClassDecl;

  StartFunction(GlobalDecl(Dtor, DtorType), Dtor->getResultType(), Fn, Args, 
                SourceLocation());
  EmitDtorEpilogue(Dtor, DtorType);
  FinishFunction();
}

// FIXME: Move this to CGCXXStmt.cpp
void CodeGenFunction::EmitCXXTryStmt(const CXXTryStmt &S) {
  // FIXME: We need to do more here.
  EmitStmt(S.getTryBlock());
}