lib/Analysis/LiveVariables.cpp

//=- LiveVariables.cpp - Live Variable Analysis for Source CFGs -*- C++ --*-==//
//
//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
//
// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This file implements Live Variables analysis for source-level CFGs.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#include "clang/Analysis/Analyses/LiveVariables.h"
#include "clang/Basic/SourceManager.h"
#include "clang/AST/ASTContext.h"
#include "clang/AST/Expr.h"
#include "clang/Analysis/CFG.h"
#include "clang/Analysis/Visitors/CFGRecStmtDeclVisitor.h"
#include "clang/Analysis/FlowSensitive/DataflowSolver.h"
#include "clang/Analysis/Support/SaveAndRestore.h"
#include "clang/Analysis/AnalysisContext.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallPtrSet.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"

using namespace clang;

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Useful constants.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

static const bool Alive = true;
static const bool Dead = false;

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Dataflow initialization logic.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

namespace {
class RegisterDecls
  : public CFGRecStmtDeclVisitor<RegisterDecls> {

  LiveVariables::AnalysisDataTy& AD;

  typedef llvm::SmallVector<VarDecl*, 20> AlwaysLiveTy;
  AlwaysLiveTy AlwaysLive;


public:
  RegisterDecls(LiveVariables::AnalysisDataTy& ad) : AD(ad) {}

  ~RegisterDecls() {

    AD.AlwaysLive.resetValues(AD);

    for (AlwaysLiveTy::iterator I = AlwaysLive.begin(), E = AlwaysLive.end();
         I != E; ++ I)
      AD.AlwaysLive(*I, AD) = Alive;
  }

  void VisitImplicitParamDecl(ImplicitParamDecl* IPD) {
    // Register the VarDecl for tracking.
    AD.Register(IPD);
  }

  void VisitVarDecl(VarDecl* VD) {
    // Register the VarDecl for tracking.
    AD.Register(VD);

    // Does the variable have global storage?  If so, it is always live.
    if (VD->hasGlobalStorage())
      AlwaysLive.push_back(VD);
  }

  CFG& getCFG() { return AD.getCFG(); }
};
} // end anonymous namespace

LiveVariables::LiveVariables(AnalysisContext &AC, bool killAtAssign) {
  // Register all referenced VarDecls.
  CFG &cfg = *AC.getCFG();
  getAnalysisData().setCFG(cfg);
  getAnalysisData().setContext(AC.getASTContext());
  getAnalysisData().AC = &AC;
  getAnalysisData().killAtAssign = killAtAssign;

  RegisterDecls R(getAnalysisData());
  cfg.VisitBlockStmts(R);

  // Register all parameters even if they didn't occur in the function body.
  if (const FunctionDecl *FD = dyn_cast<FunctionDecl>(AC.getDecl()))
    for (FunctionDecl::param_const_iterator PI = FD->param_begin(), 
           PE = FD->param_end(); PI != PE; ++PI)
      getAnalysisData().Register(*PI);
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Transfer functions.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

namespace {

class TransferFuncs : public CFGRecStmtVisitor<TransferFuncs>{
  LiveVariables::AnalysisDataTy& AD;
  LiveVariables::ValTy LiveState;
  const CFGBlock *currentBlock;
public:
  TransferFuncs(LiveVariables::AnalysisDataTy& ad) : AD(ad), currentBlock(0) {}

  LiveVariables::ValTy& getVal() { return LiveState; }
  CFG& getCFG() { return AD.getCFG(); }

  void VisitDeclRefExpr(DeclRefExpr* DR);
  void VisitBinaryOperator(BinaryOperator* B);
  void VisitBlockExpr(BlockExpr *B);
  void VisitAssign(BinaryOperator* B);
  void VisitDeclStmt(DeclStmt* DS);
  void BlockStmt_VisitObjCForCollectionStmt(ObjCForCollectionStmt* S);
  void VisitUnaryOperator(UnaryOperator* U);
  void Visit(Stmt *S);
  void VisitTerminator(CFGBlock* B);
  
  /// VisitConditionVariableInit - Handle the initialization of condition
  ///  variables at branches.  Valid statements include IfStmt, ForStmt,
  ///  WhileStmt, and SwitchStmt.
  void VisitConditionVariableInit(Stmt *S);

  void SetTopValue(LiveVariables::ValTy& V) {
    V = AD.AlwaysLive;
  }
  
  void setCurrentBlock(const CFGBlock *block) {
    currentBlock = block;
  }
};

void TransferFuncs::Visit(Stmt *S) {

  if (S == getCurrentBlkStmt()) {

    if (AD.Observer)
      AD.Observer->ObserveStmt(S, currentBlock, AD, LiveState);

    if (getCFG().isBlkExpr(S)) {
      if (Expr *E = dyn_cast<Expr>(S)) 
        LiveState(E->IgnoreParens(), AD) = Dead;
      else
        LiveState(S, AD) = Dead;
    }

    StmtVisitor<TransferFuncs,void>::Visit(S);
  }
  else if (!getCFG().isBlkExpr(S)) {

    if (AD.Observer)
      AD.Observer->ObserveStmt(S, currentBlock, AD, LiveState);

    StmtVisitor<TransferFuncs,void>::Visit(S);

  }
  else {
    // For block-level expressions, mark that they are live.
    if (Expr *E = dyn_cast<Expr>(S)) 
      LiveState(E->IgnoreParens(), AD) = Alive;
    else
      LiveState(S, AD) = Alive;
  }
}
  
void TransferFuncs::VisitConditionVariableInit(Stmt *S) {
  assert(!getCFG().isBlkExpr(S));
  CFGRecStmtVisitor<TransferFuncs>::VisitConditionVariableInit(S);
}

void TransferFuncs::VisitTerminator(CFGBlock* B) {

  const Stmt* E = B->getTerminatorCondition();

  if (!E)
    return;

  assert (getCFG().isBlkExpr(E));

  if (const Expr *Ex = dyn_cast<Expr>(E))
    E = Ex->IgnoreParens();
  LiveState(E, AD) = Alive;
}

void TransferFuncs::VisitDeclRefExpr(DeclRefExpr* DR) {
  if (VarDecl* V = dyn_cast<VarDecl>(DR->getDecl()))
    LiveState(V, AD) = Alive;
}
  
void TransferFuncs::VisitBlockExpr(BlockExpr *BE) {
  AnalysisContext::referenced_decls_iterator I, E;
  llvm::tie(I, E) = AD.AC->getReferencedBlockVars(BE->getBlockDecl());
  for ( ; I != E ; ++I) {
    DeclBitVector_Types::Idx i = AD.getIdx(*I);
    if (i.isValid())
      LiveState.getBit(i) = Alive;
  }
}

void TransferFuncs::VisitBinaryOperator(BinaryOperator* B) {
  if (B->isAssignmentOp()) VisitAssign(B);
  else VisitStmt(B);
}

void
TransferFuncs::BlockStmt_VisitObjCForCollectionStmt(ObjCForCollectionStmt* S) {

  // This is a block-level expression.  Its value is 'dead' before this point.
  LiveState(S, AD) = Dead;

  // This represents a 'use' of the collection.
  Visit(S->getCollection());

  // This represents a 'kill' for the variable.
  Stmt* Element = S->getElement();
  DeclRefExpr* DR = 0;
  VarDecl* VD = 0;

  if (DeclStmt* DS = dyn_cast<DeclStmt>(Element))
    VD = cast<VarDecl>(DS->getSingleDecl());
  else {
    Expr* ElemExpr = cast<Expr>(Element)->IgnoreParens();
    if ((DR = dyn_cast<DeclRefExpr>(ElemExpr)))
      VD = cast<VarDecl>(DR->getDecl());
    else {
      Visit(ElemExpr);
      return;
    }
  }

  if (VD) {
    LiveState(VD, AD) = Dead;
    if (AD.Observer && DR) { AD.Observer->ObserverKill(DR); }
  }
}


void TransferFuncs::VisitUnaryOperator(UnaryOperator* U) {
  Expr *E = U->getSubExpr();

  switch (U->getOpcode()) {
  case UO_PostInc:
  case UO_PostDec:
  case UO_PreInc:
  case UO_PreDec:
    // Walk through the subexpressions, blasting through ParenExprs
    // until we either find a DeclRefExpr or some non-DeclRefExpr
    // expression.
    if (DeclRefExpr* DR = dyn_cast<DeclRefExpr>(E->IgnoreParens()))
      if (VarDecl* VD = dyn_cast<VarDecl>(DR->getDecl())) {
        // Treat the --/++ operator as a kill.
        if (AD.Observer) { AD.Observer->ObserverKill(DR); }
        LiveState(VD, AD) = Alive;
        return VisitDeclRefExpr(DR);
      }

    // Fall-through.

  default:
    return Visit(E);
  }
}

void TransferFuncs::VisitAssign(BinaryOperator* B) {
  Expr* LHS = B->getLHS();

  // Assigning to a variable?
  if (DeclRefExpr* DR = dyn_cast<DeclRefExpr>(LHS->IgnoreParens())) {
    // Assignments to references don't kill the ref's address
    if (DR->getDecl()->getType()->isReferenceType()) {
      VisitDeclRefExpr(DR);
    } else {
      if (AD.killAtAssign) {
        // Update liveness inforamtion.
        unsigned bit = AD.getIdx(DR->getDecl());
        LiveState.getDeclBit(bit) = Dead | AD.AlwaysLive.getDeclBit(bit);

        if (AD.Observer) { AD.Observer->ObserverKill(DR); }
      }
      // Handle things like +=, etc., which also generate "uses"
      // of a variable.  Do this just by visiting the subexpression.
      if (B->getOpcode() != BO_Assign)
        VisitDeclRefExpr(DR);
    }
  }
  else // Not assigning to a variable.  Process LHS as usual.
    Visit(LHS);

  Visit(B->getRHS());
}

void TransferFuncs::VisitDeclStmt(DeclStmt* DS) {
  // Declarations effectively "kill" a variable since they cannot
  // possibly be live before they are declared.
  for (DeclStmt::decl_iterator DI=DS->decl_begin(), DE = DS->decl_end();
       DI != DE; ++DI)
    if (VarDecl* VD = dyn_cast<VarDecl>(*DI)) {
      // Update liveness information by killing the VarDecl.
      unsigned bit = AD.getIdx(VD);
      LiveState.getDeclBit(bit) = Dead | AD.AlwaysLive.getDeclBit(bit);

      // The initializer is evaluated after the variable comes into scope, but
      // before the DeclStmt (which binds the value to the variable).
      // Since this is a reverse dataflow analysis, we must evaluate the
      // transfer function for this expression after the DeclStmt.  If the
      // initializer references the variable (which is bad) then we extend
      // its liveness.
      if (Expr* Init = VD->getInit())
        Visit(Init);

      if (const VariableArrayType* VT =
            AD.getContext().getAsVariableArrayType(VD->getType())) {
        StmtIterator I(const_cast<VariableArrayType*>(VT));
        StmtIterator E;
        for (; I != E; ++I) Visit(*I);
      }
    }
}

} // end anonymous namespace

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Merge operator: if something is live on any successor block, it is live
//  in the current block (a set union).
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

namespace {
  typedef StmtDeclBitVector_Types::Union Merge;
  typedef DataflowSolver<LiveVariables, TransferFuncs, Merge> Solver;
} // end anonymous namespace

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// External interface to run Liveness analysis.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

void LiveVariables::runOnCFG(CFG& cfg) {
  Solver S(*this);
  S.runOnCFG(cfg);
}

void LiveVariables::runOnAllBlocks(const CFG& cfg,
                                   LiveVariables::ObserverTy* Obs,
                                   bool recordStmtValues) {
  Solver S(*this);
  SaveAndRestore<LiveVariables::ObserverTy*> SRObs(getAnalysisData().Observer,
                                                   Obs);
  S.runOnAllBlocks(cfg, recordStmtValues);
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// liveness queries
//

bool LiveVariables::isLive(const CFGBlock* B, const VarDecl* D) const {
  DeclBitVector_Types::Idx i = getAnalysisData().getIdx(D);
  return i.isValid() ? getBlockData(B).getBit(i) : false;
}

bool LiveVariables::isLive(const ValTy& Live, const VarDecl* D) const {
  DeclBitVector_Types::Idx i = getAnalysisData().getIdx(D);
  return i.isValid() ? Live.getBit(i) : false;
}

bool LiveVariables::isLive(const Stmt* Loc, const Stmt* StmtVal) const {
  return getStmtData(Loc)(StmtVal,getAnalysisData());
}

bool LiveVariables::isLive(const Stmt* Loc, const VarDecl* D) const {
  return getStmtData(Loc)(D,getAnalysisData());
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// printing liveness state for debugging
//

void LiveVariables::dumpLiveness(const ValTy& V, const SourceManager& SM) const {
  const AnalysisDataTy& AD = getAnalysisData();

  for (AnalysisDataTy::decl_iterator I = AD.begin_decl(),
                                     E = AD.end_decl(); I!=E; ++I)
    if (V.getDeclBit(I->second)) {
      llvm::errs() << "  " << I->first->getIdentifier()->getName() << " <";
      I->first->getLocation().dump(SM);
      llvm::errs() << ">\n";
    }
}

void LiveVariables::dumpBlockLiveness(const SourceManager& M) const {
  for (BlockDataMapTy::const_iterator I = getBlockDataMap().begin(),
       E = getBlockDataMap().end(); I!=E; ++I) {
    llvm::errs() << "\n[ B" << I->first->getBlockID()
                 << " (live variables at block exit) ]\n";
    dumpLiveness(I->second,M);
  }

  llvm::errs() << "\n";
}