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| <CENTER><H2>FLAC: õàðàêòåðèñòèêè</H2></CENTER> |
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| <P>FLAC - ýòî àááðåâèàòóðà îò free lossless audio codec (ñâîáîäíûé êîäåê, îáåñïå÷èâàþùèé ñæàòèå áåç ïîòåðü). Ïðîåêò FLAC âêëþ÷àåò:</P> |
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| <P><BLOCKQUOTE><UL> |
| <LI>ïîòîêîâûé ôîðìàò,</LI> |
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| <LI>áèáëèîòåêó <B>libFLAC</B>, ðåàëèçóþùóþ áàçîâûé êîäåð è äåêîäåð,</LI> |
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| <LI><B>flac</B>, óòèëèòó êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè, âûïîëíÿþùóþ ñæàòèå è ðàñïàêîâêó .flac ôàéëîâ,</LI> |
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| <LI>ïëàãèíû äëÿ ðàçíûõ ïëåéåðîâ (Winamp, XMMS, âåäåòñÿ ðàáîòà íàä äðóãèìè).</LI> |
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| <P>"Ñâîáîäà" îçíà÷àåò, ÷òî ñïåöèôèêàöèÿ ïîòîêîâîãî ôîðìàòà îòíîñèòñÿ ê êàòåãîðèè public domain (ïðîåêò FLAC îñòàâëÿåò çà ñîáîé ïðàâî óñòàíàâëèâàòü ñïåöèôèêàöèè è ñåðòèôèöèðîâàòü îòíîñÿùèåñÿ ê íåìó ïðîäóêòû íà ñîâìåñòèìîñòü), à òàêæå òî, ÷òî íè ôîðìàò, íè îäèí èç ðåàëèçîâàííûõ ìåòîäîâ êîäèðîâàíèÿ/äåêîäèðîâàíèÿ íå çàïàòåíòîâàíû. Ýòî òàêæå çíà÷èò, ÷òî èñõîäíûå òåêñòû <B><TT>libFLAC</TT></B> äîñòóïíû ïî ëèöåíçèè LGPL, à óòèëèòû <B><TT>flac</TT></B> è ïëàãèíîâ - ïî GPL.</P> |
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| <P>FLAC êîìïèëèðóåòñÿ íà ìíîæåñòâå ïëàòôîðì: Unixes (Linux, *BSD, Solaris, OS X), Windows, BeOS è OS/2. Èìåþòñÿ ñèñòåìû ñáîðêè äëÿ autoconf/automake, MSVC, Watcom C è Project Builder.</P> |
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| <P>Õàðàêòåðèñòèêè FLAC:</P> |
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| <P><BLOCKQUOTE><UL> |
| <LI>Ôîðìàò FLAC è ìåòîäû êîäèðîâàíèÿ/äåêîäèðîâàíèÿ íå çàùèùåíû ïàòåíòàìè.</LI> |
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| <LI>FLAC ñæèìàåò ôàéëû áåç ïîòåðü. Êîäèðîâàíèå PCM äàííûõ íå ïðèâîäèò ê ïîòåðå èíôîðìàöèè, ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, äåêîäèðóåìûé àóäèîôàéë àáñîëþòíî èäåíòè÷åí òîìó, êîòîðûé áûë ïîäàí íà âõîä êîäåðó. ×òîáû îïðåäåëèòü âîçìîæíûå îøèáêè ïðè ïåðåäà÷å ôàéëà, äëÿ êàæäîãî ôðåéìà âû÷èñëÿåòñÿ 16-áèòíàÿ êîíòðîëüíàÿ ñóììà. Öåëîñòíîñòü íà äàëüíåéøåì ýòàïå ïîäòâåðæäàåòñÿ ïîäïèñüþ <A HREF="http://userpages.umbc.edu/~mabzug1/cs/md5/md5.html">MD5</A> ðàñïàêîâàííûõ äàííûõ, êîòîðàÿ íàõîäèòñÿ â çàãîëîâêå è ìîæåò áûòü ïðîâåðåíà ïðè âîñïðîèçâåäåíèè, äåêîäèðîâàíèè èëè ñ ïîìîùüþ òåñòèðîâàíèÿ.</LI> |
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| <LI>FLAC ðàçðàáîòàí äëÿ ñæàòèÿ àóäèîäàííûõ. Òåîðåòè÷åñêè, <B><TT>flac</TT></B> ìîæåò êîìïðåññèðîâàòü áåç ïîòåðü ëþáûå äðóãèå äàííûå (åñëè ïåðåäàâàòü èõ êàê 8-áèòíûé ìîíî raw-ôàéë), îäíàêî âûõîäíûå ôàéëû ïîëó÷àþòñÿ ïî÷òè òàêîãî æå ðàçìåðà.</LI> |
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| <LI>Âîçìîæíîñòè ñæàòèÿ âî FLAC ðàñøèðÿåìû. Ýòî îçíà÷àåò, ÷òî â áóäóùèõ âåðñèÿõ ôîðìàòà ìîãóò áûòü äîáàâëåíû íîâûå ìåòîäû áåç ïîòåðè îáðàòíîé ñîâìåñòèìîñòè.</LI> |
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| <LI>Ðåàëèçîâàííûå íà äàííûé ìîìåíò ìåòîäû êîìïðåññèè ñîçäàþò ïîòîêè ìåíüøåãî ðàçìåðà, ÷åì <A HREF="http://www.softsound.com/Shorten.html">Shorten</A> (êîäåê ñ îòêðûòûìè èñõîäíûìè òåêñòàìè, ÿâëÿþùèéñÿ òåêóùèì ñòàíäàðòîì ñæàòèÿ áåç ïîòåðü "ó íèõ"). Âðåìÿ êîäèðîâàíèÿ çàâèñèò îò ìåòîäà, íî îáû÷íî ñðàâíèìî ñ <A HREF="http://www.softsound.com/Shorten.html">Shorten</A> è <A HREF="http://www.mp3dev.org/mp3/">LAME</A>. Ñàìûå àêòèâíûå ìåòîäû ìîãóò ðàáîòàòü î÷åíü ìåäëåííî. Ïîäðîáíåå îá ýòîì ìîæíî ïîñìîòðåòü íà ñòðàíèöå <A HREF="comparison.html">ñðàâíåíèå</A>.</LI> |
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| <LI>FLAC ðàññ÷èòàí íà áûñòðîå äåêîäèðîâàíèå. Äåêîäèðîâàíèå â ðåàëüíîì âðåìåíè ëåãêî äîñòèæèìî äàæå íà ñòàðûõ êîìïüþòåðàõ, òàê êàê äëÿ íåãî òðåáóåòñÿ òîëüêî öåëî÷èñëåííàÿ àðèôìåòèêà.</LI> |
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| <LI>FLAC óäîáíî èñïîëüçîâàòü äëÿ àðõèâàöèè, òàê êàê ñæàòèå ñ åãî ïîìîùüþ íå ïðèâîäèò ê ïîòåðå èíôîðìàöèè. Âû íå ïðèâÿçàíû ê ôîðìàòó. Åñëè â áóäóùåì Âû ðåøèòå èñïîëüçîâàòü äðóãîé ôîðìàò, äàííûå áóäóò âîññòàíîâëåíû èç .flac ôàéëà â ïåðâîíà÷àëüíîì âèäå. Êðîìå êîíòðîëüíîé ñóììû ôðåéìà è ïîäïèñè <A HREF="http://userpages.umbc.edu/~mabzug1/cs/md5/md5.html">MD5</A>, óòèëèòà <B><TT>flac</TT></B> èìååò âîçìîæíîñòü ïðîâåðêè, èñïîëüçîâàíèå êîòîðîé ïðèâîäèò ê òîìó, ÷òî êîäèðóåìûé ïîòîê ñðàçó æå äåêîäèðóåòñÿ è ñðàâíèâàåòñÿ ñ èñõîäíûì. Åñëè ïðîèñõîäèò îøèáêà, êîäåð ïðåêðàùàåò ðàáîòó.</LI> |
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| <LI>FLAC - ïîòîêîâûé ôîðìàò. Ýòî çíà÷èò, ÷òî êàæäûé ôðåéì ñîäåðæèò äîñòàòî÷íî èíôîðìàöèè äëÿ ñîáñòâåííîãî äåêîäèðîâàíèÿ. Òåêóùèé ôðåéì FLAC íå çàâèñèò îò ïðåäûäóùèõ è ïîñëåäóþùèõ. FLAC èñïîëüçóåò êîäû ñèíõðîíèçàöèè è êîíòðîëüíûå ñóììû, ÷òî ïîçâîëÿåò äåêîäåðó áûñòðî âûáèðàòü ïîçèöèþ â òåêóùåì ïîòîêå.</LI> |
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| <LI>FLAC ïîääåðæèâàåò áûñòðûé è òî÷íûé ïîèñê, ÷òî ïîëåçíî íå òîëüêî ïðè âîñïðîèçâåäåíèè, íî è äàåò âîçìîæíîñòü èñïîëüçîâàòü FLAC â çâóêîâûõ ðåäàêòîðàõ.</LI> |
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| <LI>FLAC èìååò ðàñøèðÿåìóþ ñèñòåìó ìåòàäàííûõ. Íîâûå áëîêè ìåòàäàííûõ ìîãóò áûòü îïðåäåëåíû è ðåàëèçîâàíû â áóäóùèõ âåðñèÿõ áåç ïîòåðè îáðàòíîé ñîâìåñòèìîñòè. Ïðèëîæåíèå ìîæåò èñïîëüçîâàòü áëîê ìåòàäàííûõ <A HREF="format.html#def_APPLICATION"><TT>APPLICATION</TT></A> ïîñëå ðåãèñòðàöèè äëÿ íåãî id. Äîáàâëåííûå òýãè ID3 è ID3v2 ê .flac ôàéëàì íå âëèÿþò íà ïîöåññ äåêîäèðîâàíèÿ.</LI> |
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| <P>Íåêîòîðûå äîïîëíèòåëüíûå ïðåèìóùåñòâà, âûòåêàþùèå èç ïðèâåäåííûõ âûøå õàðàêòåðèñòèê:</P> |
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| <LI>Ïîòîêè FLAC ìîãóò áûòü âîñïðîèçâåäåíû ñëèòíî, áåç ïàóç ìåæäó òðåêàìè. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, Âû ìîæåòå ñæàòü êîíöåðòíûé àëüáîì, ðàçäåëåííûé íà òðåêè, è äîáèòüñÿ åãî íåïðåðûâíîãî âîñïðîèçâåäåíèÿ.</LI> |
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| <LI>Ìåõàíèçì òî÷íîãî ïîèñêà ïîçâîëÿåò îðãàíèçîâûâàòü ðàçëè÷íûå ðåæèìû âîñïðîèçâåäåíèÿ: â ïëåéåðå ìîæíî ñäåëàòü èíäåêñíûé ïîèñê, ðàçëè÷íûå öèêëû èëè äðóãèå âèäû ñòðóêòóðèðîâàííîãî âîñïðîèçâåäåíèÿ. Ýòî î÷åíü ïîëåçíî, íàïðèìåð, äëÿ dj'åâ èëè äëÿ ðåïåòèöèé, êîãäà íóæíî ïîâòîðÿòü îïðåäåëåííûå ïàññàæè.</LI> |
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| <LI> èòîãå âû ïîëó÷àåòå ãèáêîñòü wav-ôàéëà â ñæàòîì ïîòîêîâîì ôîðìàòå.</LI> |
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| <P>×åãî <B>íåò</B> âî FLAC?</P> |
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| <LI>FLAC íå îñóùåñòâëÿåò ñæàòèå ñ ïîòåðÿìè. Äëÿ ýòîãî ñóùåñòâóåò ìíîãî õîðîøèõ ôîðìàòîâ, òàêèõ êàê <A HREF="http://www.mp3-tech.org/">mp3</A> (îòëè÷íàÿ ðåàëèçàöèÿ ñ îòêðûòèìè èñõîäíûìè òåêñòàìè <A HREF="http://www.mp3dev.org/mp3/">LAME</A>) è <A HREF="http://www.vorbis.com">Ogg Vorbis</A>.</LI> |
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| <LI>FLAC íå áóäåò SDMI ñîâìåñòèìûì è ò.ï. Ïåðåä ïðîåêòîì íå ñòîèò öåëè ïîääåðæèâàòü ìåòîäû çàùèòû, êîòîðûå íà ïðàêòèêå ëèøü óâåëè÷èâàþò îáúåì ôàéëà. Êîíå÷íî, ìû íå ñîáèðàåìñÿ ïðåïÿòñòâîâàòü êîìó-ëèáî ñîçäàâàòü ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèå áëîêè ìåòàäàííûõ, îäíàêî, ñòàíäàðòíûå äåêîäåðû âñå ðàâíî áóäóò èõ ïðîïóñêàòü.</LI> |
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