| GNU Free Documentation License |
| Version 1.1, March 2000 |
| |
| Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
| 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA |
| Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies |
| of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. |
| |
| |
| 0. PREAMBLE |
| |
| The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other |
| written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone |
| the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without |
| modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, |
| this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get |
| credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for |
| modifications made by others. |
| |
| This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative |
| works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It |
| complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft |
| license designed for free software. |
| |
| We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free |
| software, because free software needs free documentation: a free |
| program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the |
| software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; |
| it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or |
| whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License |
| principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. |
| |
| |
| 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS |
| |
| This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a |
| notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed |
| under the terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any |
| such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is |
| addressed as "you". |
| |
| A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the |
| Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with |
| modifications and/or translated into another language. |
| |
| A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of |
| the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the |
| publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject |
| (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly |
| within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a |
| textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any |
| mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical |
| connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, |
| commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding |
| them. |
| |
| The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles |
| are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice |
| that says that the Document is released under this License. |
| |
| The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, |
| as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that |
| the Document is released under this License. |
| |
| A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, |
| represented in a format whose specification is available to the |
| general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and |
| straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of |
| pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available |
| drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or |
| for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input |
| to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file |
| format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage |
| subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is |
| not "Transparent" is called "Opaque". |
| |
| Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain |
| ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML |
| or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple |
| HTML designed for human modification. Opaque formats include |
| PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only |
| by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or |
| processing tools are not generally available, and the |
| machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for output |
| purposes only. |
| |
| The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, |
| plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material |
| this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in |
| formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means |
| the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, |
| preceding the beginning of the body of the text. |
| |
| |
| 2. VERBATIM COPYING |
| |
| You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either |
| commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the |
| copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies |
| to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other |
| conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use |
| technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further |
| copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept |
| compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough |
| number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. |
| |
| You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and |
| you may publicly display copies. |
| |
| |
| 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY |
| |
| If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100, |
| and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose |
| the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover |
| Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on |
| the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify |
| you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present |
| the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and |
| visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. |
| Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve |
| the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated |
| as verbatim copying in other respects. |
| |
| If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit |
| legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit |
| reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent |
| pages. |
| |
| If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering |
| more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent |
| copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy |
| a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete |
| Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the |
| general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no |
| charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter |
| option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin |
| distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this |
| Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location |
| until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque |
| copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to |
| the public. |
| |
| It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the |
| Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give |
| them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. |
| |
| |
| 4. MODIFICATIONS |
| |
| You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under |
| the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release |
| the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified |
| Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution |
| and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy |
| of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: |
| |
| A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct |
| from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions |
| (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section |
| of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version |
| if the original publisher of that version gives permission. |
| B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities |
| responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified |
| Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the |
| Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five). |
| C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the |
| Modified Version, as the publisher. |
| D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. |
| E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications |
| adjacent to the other copyright notices. |
| F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice |
| giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the |
| terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. |
| G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections |
| and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. |
| H. Include an unaltered copy of this License. |
| I. Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to |
| it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and |
| publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If |
| there is no section entitled "History" in the Document, create one |
| stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as |
| given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified |
| Version as stated in the previous sentence. |
| J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for |
| public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise |
| the network locations given in the Document for previous versions |
| it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. |
| You may omit a network location for a work that was published at |
| least four years before the Document itself, or if the original |
| publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. |
| K. In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", |
| preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the |
| substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements |
| and/or dedications given therein. |
| L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, |
| unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers |
| or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. |
| M. Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a section |
| may not be included in the Modified Version. |
| N. Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements" |
| or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. |
| |
| If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or |
| appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material |
| copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all |
| of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the |
| list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. |
| These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. |
| |
| You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains |
| nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various |
| parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has |
| been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a |
| standard. |
| |
| You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a |
| passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list |
| of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of |
| Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or |
| through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already |
| includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or |
| by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, |
| you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit |
| permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. |
| |
| The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License |
| give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or |
| imply endorsement of any Modified Version. |
| |
| |
| 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS |
| |
| You may combine the Document with other documents released under this |
| License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified |
| versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the |
| Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and |
| list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its |
| license notice. |
| |
| The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and |
| multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single |
| copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but |
| different contents, make the title of each such section unique by |
| adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original |
| author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. |
| Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of |
| Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. |
| |
| In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History" |
| in the various original documents, forming one section entitled |
| "History"; likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements", |
| and any sections entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections |
| entitled "Endorsements." |
| |
| |
| 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS |
| |
| You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents |
| released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this |
| License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in |
| the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for |
| verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. |
| |
| You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute |
| it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this |
| License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all |
| other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. |
| |
| |
| 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS |
| |
| A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate |
| and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or |
| distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version |
| of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the |
| compilation. Such a compilation is called an "aggregate", and this |
| License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled |
| with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they |
| are not themselves derivative works of the Document. |
| |
| If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these |
| copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter |
| of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on |
| covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate. |
| Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate. |
| |
| |
| 8. TRANSLATION |
| |
| Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may |
| distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. |
| Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special |
| permission from their copyright holders, but you may include |
| translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the |
| original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a |
| translation of this License provided that you also include the |
| original English version of this License. In case of a disagreement |
| between the translation and the original English version of this |
| License, the original English version will prevail. |
| |
| |
| 9. TERMINATION |
| |
| You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except |
| as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to |
| copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will |
| automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, |
| parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this |
| License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such |
| parties remain in full compliance. |
| |
| |
| 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE |
| |
| The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions |
| of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new |
| versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may |
| differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See |
| http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. |
| |
| Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. |
| If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this |
| License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of |
| following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or |
| of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the |
| Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version |
| number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not |
| as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. |
| |
| |
| ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents |
| |
| To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of |
| the License in the document and put the following copyright and |
| license notices just after the title page: |
| |
| Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. |
| Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
| under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 |
| or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; |
| with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the |
| Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. |
| A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU |
| Free Documentation License". |
| |
| If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections" |
| instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no |
| Front-Cover Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of |
| "Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts. |
| |
| If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we |
| recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of |
| free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, |
| to permit their use in free software. |