internal/impl: add fast-path marshal implementation

This is a port of the v1 table marshaler, with some substantial
cleanup and refactoring.

Benchstat results from the protobuf reference benchmark data comparing the
v1 package with v2, with AllowPartial:true set for the new package. This
is not an apples-to-apples comparison, since v1 doesn't have a way to
disable required field checks.  Required field checks in v2 package
currently go through reflection, which performs terribly; my initial
experimentation indicates that fast-path required field checks will
not add a large amount of cost; these results are incomplete but not
wholly inaccurate.

name                                           old time/op  new time/op  delta
/dataset.google_message3_1.pb/Marshal-12        219ms ± 1%   232ms ± 1%   +5.85%  (p=0.004 n=6+5)
/dataset.google_message2.pb/Marshal-12          261µs ± 3%   248µs ± 1%   -5.14%  (p=0.002 n=6+6)
/dataset.google_message1_proto2.pb/Marshal-12   681ns ± 2%   637ns ± 3%   -6.53%  (p=0.002 n=6+6)
/dataset.google_message1_proto3.pb/Marshal-12  1.10µs ± 8%  0.99µs ± 3%   -9.63%  (p=0.002 n=6+6)
/dataset.google_message3_3.pb/Marshal-12       44.2ms ± 3%  35.2ms ± 1%  -20.28%  (p=0.004 n=6+5)
/dataset.google_message4.pb/Marshal-12         91.4ms ± 2%  94.9ms ± 2%   +3.78%  (p=0.002 n=6+6)
/dataset.google_message3_2.pb/Marshal-12       78.7ms ± 6%  80.8ms ± 4%     ~     (p=0.310 n=6+6)
/dataset.google_message3_4.pb/Marshal-12       10.6ms ± 3%  10.6ms ± 8%     ~     (p=0.662 n=5+6)
/dataset.google_message3_5.pb/Marshal-12        675ms ± 4%   510ms ± 2%  -24.40%  (p=0.002 n=6+6)
/dataset.google_message3_1.pb/Marshal           219ms ± 1%   236ms ± 7%   +8.06%  (p=0.004 n=5+6)
/dataset.google_message2.pb/Marshal             257µs ± 1%   250µs ± 3%     ~     (p=0.052 n=5+6)
/dataset.google_message1_proto2.pb/Marshal      685ns ± 1%   628ns ± 1%   -8.41%  (p=0.008 n=5+5)
/dataset.google_message1_proto3.pb/Marshal     1.08µs ± 1%  0.98µs ± 2%   -9.31%  (p=0.004 n=5+6)
/dataset.google_message3_3.pb/Marshal          43.7ms ± 1%  35.1ms ± 1%  -19.76%  (p=0.002 n=6+6)
/dataset.google_message4.pb/Marshal            93.4ms ± 4%  94.9ms ± 2%     ~     (p=0.180 n=6+6)
/dataset.google_message3_2.pb/Marshal           105ms ± 2%    98ms ± 7%   -6.81%  (p=0.009 n=5+6)
/dataset.google_message3_4.pb/Marshal          16.3ms ± 6%  15.7ms ± 3%   -3.44%  (p=0.041 n=6+6)
/dataset.google_message3_5.pb/Marshal           676ms ± 4%   504ms ± 2%  -25.50%  (p=0.004 n=6+5)

Change-Id: I72cc4597117f4cf5d236ef505777d49dd4a5f75d
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/protobuf/+/171020
Reviewed-by: Joe Tsai <thebrokentoaster@gmail.com>
diff --git a/internal/impl/codec_extension.go b/internal/impl/codec_extension.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b92932d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/impl/codec_extension.go
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Copyright 2019 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package impl
+
+import (
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/internal/encoding/wire"
+	piface "google.golang.org/protobuf/runtime/protoiface"
+)
+
+type extensionFieldInfo struct {
+	wiretag uint64
+	tagsize int
+	funcs   ifaceCoderFuncs
+}
+
+func (mi *MessageType) extensionFieldInfo(desc *piface.ExtensionDescV1) *extensionFieldInfo {
+	// As of this time (Go 1.12, linux/amd64), an RWMutex benchmarks as faster
+	// than a sync.Map.
+	mi.extensionFieldInfosMu.RLock()
+	e, ok := mi.extensionFieldInfos[desc]
+	mi.extensionFieldInfosMu.RUnlock()
+	if ok {
+		return e
+	}
+
+	etype := extensionTypeFromDesc(desc)
+	wiretag := wire.EncodeTag(etype.Number(), wireTypes[etype.Kind()])
+	e = &extensionFieldInfo{
+		wiretag: wiretag,
+		tagsize: wire.SizeVarint(wiretag),
+		funcs:   encoderFuncsForValue(etype, etype.GoType()),
+	}
+
+	mi.extensionFieldInfosMu.Lock()
+	if mi.extensionFieldInfos == nil {
+		mi.extensionFieldInfos = make(map[*piface.ExtensionDescV1]*extensionFieldInfo)
+	}
+	mi.extensionFieldInfos[desc] = e
+	mi.extensionFieldInfosMu.Unlock()
+	return e
+}