all: add NewField, NewElement, NewValue

Add methods to protoreflect.{Message,List,Map} to constrict values
assignable to a message field, list element, or map value. These
methods return the default value for scalar fields, the zero value for
scalar list elements and map values, and an empty, mutable value for
messages, lists, and maps.

Deprecate the NewMessage methods on these types, which are superseded.

Updates golang/protobuf#879

Change-Id: I0f064f60c89a239330ccea81523f559f14fd2c4f
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/protobuf/+/188997
Reviewed-by: Joe Tsai <thebrokentoaster@gmail.com>
diff --git a/testing/prototest/prototest.go b/testing/prototest/prototest.go
index 7cd1747..fded0ff 100644
--- a/testing/prototest/prototest.go
+++ b/testing/prototest/prototest.go
@@ -85,8 +85,14 @@
 		testFieldList(t, m, fd)
 	case fd.IsMap():
 		testFieldMap(t, m, fd)
-	case fd.Kind() == pref.FloatKind || fd.Kind() == pref.DoubleKind:
-		testFieldFloat(t, m, fd)
+	case fd.Message() != nil:
+	default:
+		if got, want := m.NewField(fd), fd.Default(); !valueEqual(got, want) {
+			t.Errorf("Message.NewField(%v) = %v, want default value %v", name, formatValue(got), formatValue(want))
+		}
+		if fd.Kind() == pref.FloatKind || fd.Kind() == pref.DoubleKind {
+			testFieldFloat(t, m, fd)
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Set to a non-zero value, the zero value, different non-zero values.
@@ -108,6 +114,9 @@
 				wantHas = true
 			}
 		}
+		if fd.Syntax() == pref.Proto3 && fd.Cardinality() != pref.Repeated && fd.ContainingOneof() == nil && fd.Kind() == pref.EnumKind && v.Enum() == 0 {
+			wantHas = false
+		}
 		if got, want := m.Has(fd), wantHas; got != want {
 			t.Errorf("after setting %q to %v:\nMessage.Has(%v) = %v, want %v", name, formatValue(v), num, got, want)
 		}
@@ -166,8 +175,16 @@
 	name := fd.FullName()
 	num := fd.Number()
 
+	// New values.
 	m.Clear(fd) // start with an empty map
-	mapv := m.Mutable(fd).Map()
+	mapv := m.Get(fd).Map()
+	if got, want := mapv.NewValue(), newMapValue(fd, mapv, 0, nil); !valueEqual(got, want) {
+		t.Errorf("message.Get(%v).NewValue() = %v, want %v", name, formatValue(got), formatValue(want))
+	}
+	mapv = m.Mutable(fd).Map() // mutable map
+	if got, want := mapv.NewValue(), newMapValue(fd, mapv, 0, nil); !valueEqual(got, want) {
+		t.Errorf("message.Mutable(%v).NewValue() = %v, want %v", name, formatValue(got), formatValue(want))
+	}
 
 	// Add values.
 	want := make(testMap)
@@ -228,6 +245,7 @@
 func (m testMap) Clear(k pref.MapKey)             { delete(m, k.Interface()) }
 func (m testMap) Len() int                        { return len(m) }
 func (m testMap) NewMessage() pref.Message        { panic("unimplemented") }
+func (m testMap) NewValue() pref.Value            { panic("unimplemented") }
 func (m testMap) Range(f func(pref.MapKey, pref.Value) bool) {
 	for k, v := range m {
 		if !f(pref.ValueOf(k).MapKey(), v) {
@@ -242,7 +260,14 @@
 	num := fd.Number()
 
 	m.Clear(fd) // start with an empty list
-	list := m.Mutable(fd).List()
+	list := m.Get(fd).List()
+	if got, want := list.NewElement(), newListElement(fd, list, 0, nil); !valueEqual(got, want) {
+		t.Errorf("message.Get(%v).NewElement() = %v, want %v", name, formatValue(got), formatValue(want))
+	}
+	list = m.Mutable(fd).List() // mutable list
+	if got, want := list.NewElement(), newListElement(fd, list, 0, nil); !valueEqual(got, want) {
+		t.Errorf("message.Mutable(%v).NewElement() = %v, want %v", name, formatValue(got), formatValue(want))
+	}
 
 	// Append values.
 	var want pref.List = &testList{}
@@ -293,6 +318,7 @@
 func (l *testList) Set(n int, v pref.Value)  { l.a[n] = v }
 func (l *testList) Truncate(n int)           { l.a = l.a[:n] }
 func (l *testList) NewMessage() pref.Message { panic("unimplemented") }
+func (l *testList) NewElement() pref.Value   { panic("unimplemented") }
 
 // testFieldFloat exercises some interesting floating-point scalar field values.
 func testFieldFloat(t testing.TB, m pref.Message, fd pref.FieldDescriptor) {
@@ -462,6 +488,19 @@
 	maxVal seed = -2
 )
 
+// newSeed creates new seed values from a base, for example to create seeds for the
+// elements in a list. If the input seed is minVal or maxVal, so is the output.
+func newSeed(n seed, adjust ...int) seed {
+	switch n {
+	case minVal, maxVal:
+		return n
+	}
+	for _, a := range adjust {
+		n = 10*n + seed(a)
+	}
+	return n
+}
+
 // newValue returns a new value assignable to a field.
 //
 // The stack parameter is used to avoid infinite recursion when populating circular
@@ -469,7 +508,7 @@
 func newValue(m pref.Message, fd pref.FieldDescriptor, n seed, stack []pref.MessageDescriptor) pref.Value {
 	switch {
 	case fd.IsList():
-		list := m.New().Mutable(fd).List()
+		list := m.NewField(fd).List()
 		if n == 0 {
 			return pref.ValueOf(list)
 		}
@@ -479,17 +518,17 @@
 		list.Append(newListElement(fd, list, n, stack))
 		return pref.ValueOf(list)
 	case fd.IsMap():
-		mapv := m.New().Mutable(fd).Map()
+		mapv := m.NewField(fd).Map()
 		if n == 0 {
 			return pref.ValueOf(mapv)
 		}
 		mapv.Set(newMapKey(fd, 0), newMapValue(fd, mapv, 0, stack))
 		mapv.Set(newMapKey(fd, minVal), newMapValue(fd, mapv, minVal, stack))
 		mapv.Set(newMapKey(fd, maxVal), newMapValue(fd, mapv, maxVal, stack))
-		mapv.Set(newMapKey(fd, n), newMapValue(fd, mapv, 10*n, stack))
+		mapv.Set(newMapKey(fd, n), newMapValue(fd, mapv, newSeed(n, 0), stack))
 		return pref.ValueOf(mapv)
 	case fd.Message() != nil:
-		return populateMessage(m.Mutable(fd).Message(), n, stack)
+		return populateMessage(m.NewField(fd).Message(), n, stack)
 	default:
 		return newScalarValue(fd, n)
 	}
@@ -499,7 +538,7 @@
 	if fd.Message() == nil {
 		return newScalarValue(fd, n)
 	}
-	return populateMessage(list.NewMessage(), n, stack)
+	return populateMessage(list.NewElement().Message(), n, stack)
 }
 
 func newMapKey(fd pref.FieldDescriptor, n seed) pref.MapKey {
@@ -512,7 +551,7 @@
 	if vd.Message() == nil {
 		return newScalarValue(vd, n)
 	}
-	return populateMessage(mapv.NewMessage(), n, stack)
+	return populateMessage(mapv.NewValue().Message(), n, stack)
 }
 
 func newScalarValue(fd pref.FieldDescriptor, n seed) pref.Value {
@@ -520,8 +559,17 @@
 	case pref.BoolKind:
 		return pref.ValueOf(n != 0)
 	case pref.EnumKind:
-		// TODO: use actual value
-		return pref.ValueOf(pref.EnumNumber(n))
+		vals := fd.Enum().Values()
+		var i int
+		switch n {
+		case minVal:
+			i = 0
+		case maxVal:
+			i = vals.Len() - 1
+		default:
+			i = int(n) % vals.Len()
+		}
+		return pref.ValueOf(vals.Get(i).Number())
 	case pref.Int32Kind, pref.Sint32Kind, pref.Sfixed32Kind:
 		switch n {
 		case minVal:
@@ -608,7 +656,7 @@
 		if fd.IsWeak() {
 			continue
 		}
-		m.Set(fd, newValue(m, fd, 10*n+seed(i), stack))
+		m.Set(fd, newValue(m, fd, newSeed(n, i), stack))
 	}
 	return pref.ValueOf(m)
 }