Introducing iomgr.

Move eventmanager and platform dependent endpoint functionality into a single
library called 'iomgr'.

This is primarily to prepare for a Windows port - where posix socket semantics
lead to poor quality code.

Mostly this is a code movement CL, with some small changes to help prepare the
way for porting:

- em style fd objects can only be held internally in iomgr, and own their memory
- added grpc_iomgr_create_endpoint_pair() to accomodate the common pattern of
creating a tcp endpoint from the output of socketpair - this will help keep
our tests portable
- separated em alarm interface into a separate file, as this part of event
manager is needed higher up the stack
- made the eventmanager bits a true singleton, simplifying API's across the
stack as there's no longer a reason to carry a pointer there.

Initial design document is here:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1VmafcHvvrP5kwtQkz84R5yXF7u7fW-9Pn0bkSUQHDt8/edit?disco=AAAAARNByxg
	Change on 2014/12/09 by ctiller <ctiller@google.com>
-------------
Created by MOE: http://code.google.com/p/moe-java
MOE_MIGRATED_REVID=81716456
diff --git a/test/core/iomgr/tcp_client_posix_test.c b/test/core/iomgr/tcp_client_posix_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb1cd0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/core/iomgr/tcp_client_posix_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright 2014, Google Inc.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+ * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+ * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ * distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+ * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ * this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "src/core/iomgr/tcp_client.h"
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "src/core/iomgr/iomgr.h"
+#include <grpc/support/log.h>
+#include <grpc/support/time.h>
+
+static gpr_timespec test_deadline() {
+  return gpr_time_add(gpr_now(), gpr_time_from_micros(1000000));
+}
+
+static void must_succeed(void *arg, grpc_endpoint *tcp) {
+  GPR_ASSERT(tcp);
+  grpc_endpoint_shutdown(tcp);
+  grpc_endpoint_destroy(tcp);
+  gpr_event_set(arg, (void *)1);
+}
+
+static void must_fail(void *arg, grpc_endpoint *tcp) {
+  GPR_ASSERT(!tcp);
+  gpr_event_set(arg, (void *)1);
+}
+
+void test_succeeds() {
+  struct sockaddr_in addr;
+  socklen_t addr_len = sizeof(addr);
+  int svr_fd;
+  int r;
+  gpr_event ev;
+
+  gpr_event_init(&ev);
+
+  memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
+  addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+
+  /* create a dummy server */
+  svr_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+  GPR_ASSERT(svr_fd >= 0);
+  GPR_ASSERT(0 == bind(svr_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, addr_len));
+  GPR_ASSERT(0 == listen(svr_fd, 1));
+
+  /* connect to it */
+  GPR_ASSERT(getsockname(svr_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, &addr_len) == 0);
+  grpc_tcp_client_connect(must_succeed, &ev, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, addr_len,
+                          gpr_inf_future);
+
+  /* await the connection */
+  do {
+    addr_len = sizeof(addr);
+    r = accept(svr_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, &addr_len);
+  } while (r == -1 && errno == EINTR);
+  GPR_ASSERT(r >= 0);
+  close(r);
+
+  /* wait for the connection callback to finish */
+  GPR_ASSERT(gpr_event_wait(&ev, test_deadline()));
+}
+
+void test_fails() {
+  struct sockaddr_in addr;
+  socklen_t addr_len = sizeof(addr);
+  gpr_event ev;
+
+  gpr_event_init(&ev);
+
+  memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
+  addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+
+  /* connect to a broken address */
+  grpc_tcp_client_connect(must_fail, &ev, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, addr_len,
+                          gpr_inf_future);
+
+  /* wait for the connection callback to finish */
+  GPR_ASSERT(gpr_event_wait(&ev, test_deadline()));
+}
+
+void test_times_out() {
+  struct sockaddr_in addr;
+  socklen_t addr_len = sizeof(addr);
+  int svr_fd;
+#define NUM_CLIENT_CONNECTS 10
+  int client_fd[NUM_CLIENT_CONNECTS];
+  int i;
+  int r;
+  gpr_event ev;
+  gpr_timespec connect_deadline;
+
+  gpr_event_init(&ev);
+
+  memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
+  addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+
+  /* create a dummy server */
+  svr_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+  GPR_ASSERT(svr_fd >= 0);
+  GPR_ASSERT(0 == bind(svr_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, addr_len));
+  GPR_ASSERT(0 == listen(svr_fd, 1));
+  /* Get its address */
+  GPR_ASSERT(getsockname(svr_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, &addr_len) == 0);
+
+  /* tie up the listen buffer, which is somewhat arbitrarily sized. */
+  for (i = 0; i < NUM_CLIENT_CONNECTS; ++i) {
+    client_fd[i] = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_NONBLOCK, 0);
+    do {
+      r = connect(client_fd[i], (struct sockaddr *)&addr, addr_len);
+    } while (r == -1 && errno == EINTR);
+    GPR_ASSERT(r < 0);
+    GPR_ASSERT(errno == EWOULDBLOCK || errno == EINPROGRESS);
+  }
+
+  /* connect to dummy server address */
+
+  connect_deadline = gpr_time_add(gpr_now(), gpr_time_from_micros(1000000));
+
+  grpc_tcp_client_connect(must_fail, &ev, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, addr_len,
+                          connect_deadline);
+  /* Make sure the event doesn't trigger early */
+  GPR_ASSERT(!gpr_event_wait(
+                 &ev, gpr_time_add(gpr_now(), gpr_time_from_micros(500000))));
+  /* Now wait until it should have triggered */
+  sleep(1);
+
+  /* wait for the connection callback to finish */
+  GPR_ASSERT(gpr_event_wait(&ev, test_deadline()));
+  close(svr_fd);
+  for (i = 0; i < NUM_CLIENT_CONNECTS; ++i) {
+    close(client_fd[i]);
+  }
+}
+
+int main(void) {
+  grpc_iomgr_init();
+  test_succeeds();
+  test_fails();
+  test_times_out();
+  grpc_iomgr_shutdown();
+  return 0;
+}