Working towards a non-blocking API test
diff --git a/src/core/iomgr/pollset.h b/src/core/iomgr/pollset.h
index c474e4d..3de0ca7 100644
--- a/src/core/iomgr/pollset.h
+++ b/src/core/iomgr/pollset.h
@@ -76,8 +76,8 @@
 
    Returns true if some work has been done, and false if the deadline
    expired. */
-int grpc_pollset_work(grpc_pollset *pollset, grpc_pollset_worker *worker,
-                      gpr_timespec deadline);
+void grpc_pollset_work(grpc_pollset *pollset, grpc_pollset_worker *worker,
+                       gpr_timespec now, gpr_timespec deadline);
 
 /* Break one polling thread out of polling work for this pollset.
    If specific_worker is GRPC_POLLSET_KICK_BROADCAST, kick ALL the workers.
diff --git a/src/core/iomgr/pollset_multipoller_with_epoll.c b/src/core/iomgr/pollset_multipoller_with_epoll.c
index 1320c64..4d41db0 100644
--- a/src/core/iomgr/pollset_multipoller_with_epoll.c
+++ b/src/core/iomgr/pollset_multipoller_with_epoll.c
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@
   pfds[1].events = POLLIN;
   pfds[1].revents = 0;
 
-  poll_rv = poll(pfds, 2, timeout_ms);
+  poll_rv = grpc_poll_function(pfds, 2, timeout_ms);
 
   if (poll_rv < 0) {
     if (errno != EINTR) {
diff --git a/src/core/iomgr/pollset_multipoller_with_poll_posix.c b/src/core/iomgr/pollset_multipoller_with_poll_posix.c
index b5b2d75..388b2d2 100644
--- a/src/core/iomgr/pollset_multipoller_with_poll_posix.c
+++ b/src/core/iomgr/pollset_multipoller_with_poll_posix.c
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@
                                         POLLOUT, &watchers[i]);
   }
 
-  r = poll(pfds, pfd_count, timeout);
+  r = grpc_poll_function(pfds, pfd_count, timeout);
 
   for (i = 1; i < pfd_count; i++) {
     grpc_fd_end_poll(&watchers[i], pfds[i].revents & POLLIN,
diff --git a/src/core/iomgr/pollset_posix.c b/src/core/iomgr/pollset_posix.c
index d3a9193..1ba433c 100644
--- a/src/core/iomgr/pollset_posix.c
+++ b/src/core/iomgr/pollset_posix.c
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@
 #include "src/core/iomgr/pollset_posix.h"
 
 #include <errno.h>
-#include <poll.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
@@ -57,6 +56,8 @@
 GPR_TLS_DECL(g_current_thread_poller);
 GPR_TLS_DECL(g_current_thread_worker);
 
+grpc_poll_function_type grpc_poll_function = poll;
+
 static void remove_worker(grpc_pollset *p, grpc_pollset_worker *worker) {
   worker->prev->next = worker->next;
   worker->next->prev = worker->prev;
@@ -168,14 +169,11 @@
   pollset->shutdown_done_cb(pollset->shutdown_done_arg);
 }
 
-int grpc_pollset_work(grpc_pollset *pollset, grpc_pollset_worker *worker,
-                      gpr_timespec deadline) {
+void grpc_pollset_work(grpc_pollset *pollset, grpc_pollset_worker *worker,
+                       gpr_timespec deadline) {
   /* pollset->mu already held */
   gpr_timespec now = gpr_now(GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
   int added_worker = 0;
-  if (gpr_time_cmp(now, deadline) > 0) {
-    return 0;
-  }
   /* this must happen before we (potentially) drop pollset->mu */
   worker->next = worker->prev = NULL;
   /* TODO(ctiller): pool these */
@@ -217,7 +215,6 @@
       gpr_mu_lock(&pollset->mu);
     }
   }
-  return 1;
 }
 
 void grpc_pollset_shutdown(grpc_pollset *pollset,
@@ -456,7 +453,7 @@
 
   /* poll fd count (argument 2) is shortened by one if we have no events
      to poll on - such that it only includes the kicker */
-  r = poll(pfd, nfds, timeout);
+  r = grpc_poll_function(pfd, nfds, timeout);
   GRPC_TIMER_MARK(GRPC_PTAG_POLL_FINISHED, r);
 
   if (fd) {
diff --git a/src/core/iomgr/pollset_posix.h b/src/core/iomgr/pollset_posix.h
index 1c1b736..ab38be7 100644
--- a/src/core/iomgr/pollset_posix.h
+++ b/src/core/iomgr/pollset_posix.h
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@
 #ifndef GRPC_INTERNAL_CORE_IOMGR_POLLSET_POSIX_H
 #define GRPC_INTERNAL_CORE_IOMGR_POLLSET_POSIX_H
 
+#include <poll.h>
+
 #include <grpc/support/sync.h>
 #include "src/core/iomgr/wakeup_fd_posix.h"
 
@@ -117,4 +119,8 @@
  * be locked) */
 int grpc_pollset_has_workers(grpc_pollset *pollset);
 
+/* override to allow tests to hook poll() usage */
+typedef int (*grpc_poll_function_type)(struct pollfd *, nfds_t, int); 
+extern grpc_poll_function_type grpc_poll_function;
+
 #endif /* GRPC_INTERNAL_CORE_IOMGR_POLLSET_POSIX_H */
diff --git a/src/core/surface/completion_queue.c b/src/core/surface/completion_queue.c
index 00429fa..644b072 100644
--- a/src/core/surface/completion_queue.c
+++ b/src/core/surface/completion_queue.c
@@ -164,6 +164,8 @@
                                       gpr_timespec deadline) {
   grpc_event ret;
   grpc_pollset_worker worker;
+  int first_loop = 1;
+  gpr_timespec now;
 
   deadline = gpr_convert_clock_type(deadline, GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
 
@@ -189,12 +191,15 @@
       ret.type = GRPC_QUEUE_SHUTDOWN;
       break;
     }
-    if (!grpc_pollset_work(&cc->pollset, &worker, deadline)) {
+    now = gpr_now(GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
+    if (!first_loop && gpr_time_cmp(now, deadline) >= 0) {
       gpr_mu_unlock(GRPC_POLLSET_MU(&cc->pollset));
       memset(&ret, 0, sizeof(ret));
       ret.type = GRPC_QUEUE_TIMEOUT;
       break;
     }
+    first_loop = 0;
+    grpc_pollset_work(&cc->pollset, &worker, now, deadline);
   }
   GRPC_SURFACE_TRACE_RETURNED_EVENT(cc, &ret);
   GRPC_CQ_INTERNAL_UNREF(cc, "next");
@@ -232,6 +237,7 @@
   grpc_cq_completion *c;
   grpc_cq_completion *prev;
   grpc_pollset_worker worker;
+  int first_loop = 1;
 
   deadline = gpr_convert_clock_type(deadline, GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
 
@@ -272,14 +278,16 @@
       ret.type = GRPC_QUEUE_TIMEOUT;
       break;
     }
-    if (!grpc_pollset_work(&cc->pollset, &worker, deadline)) {
+    now = gpr_now(GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
+    if (!first_loop && gpr_time_cmp(now, deadline) >= 0) {
       del_plucker(cc, tag, &worker);
       gpr_mu_unlock(GRPC_POLLSET_MU(&cc->pollset));
       memset(&ret, 0, sizeof(ret));
       ret.type = GRPC_QUEUE_TIMEOUT;
       break;
     }
-    del_plucker(cc, tag, &worker);
+    first_loop = 0;
+    grpc_pollset_work(&cc->pollset, &worker, now, deadline);
   }
 done:
   GRPC_SURFACE_TRACE_RETURNED_EVENT(cc, &ret);
diff --git a/test/cpp/end2end/async_end2end_test.cc b/test/cpp/end2end/async_end2end_test.cc
index 9b53bdc..266c362 100644
--- a/test/cpp/end2end/async_end2end_test.cc
+++ b/test/cpp/end2end/async_end2end_test.cc
@@ -56,6 +56,10 @@
 #include <grpc/support/thd.h>
 #include <grpc/support/time.h>
 
+#ifdef GPR_POSIX_SOCKET
+#include "src/core/iomgr/pollset_posix.h"
+#endif
+
 using grpc::cpp::test::util::EchoRequest;
 using grpc::cpp::test::util::EchoResponse;
 using std::chrono::system_clock;
@@ -67,18 +71,64 @@
 
 void* tag(int i) { return (void*)(gpr_intptr) i; }
 
-class Verifier {
+#ifdef GPR_POSIX_SOCKET
+static int assert_non_blocking_poll(
+    struct pollfd *pfds, nfds_t nfds, int timeout) {
+  GPR_ASSERT(timeout == 0);
+  return poll(pfds, nfds, timeout);
+}
+
+class PollOverride {
  public:
+  PollOverride(grpc_poll_function_type f) {
+    prev_ = grpc_poll_function;
+    grpc_poll_function = f;
+  }
+
+  ~PollOverride() {
+    grpc_poll_function = prev_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  grpc_poll_function_type prev_;
+};
+
+class PollingCheckRegion : public PollOverride {
+ public:
+  explicit PollingCheckRegion(bool allow_blocking) 
+      : PollOverride(allow_blocking ? poll : assert_non_blocking_poll) {}
+};
+#else
+class PollingCheckRegion {
+ public:
+  explicit PollingCheckRegion(bool allow_blocking) {}
+};
+#endif
+
+class Verifier : public PollingCheckRegion {
+ public:
+  explicit Verifier(bool spin) : PollingCheckRegion(!spin), spin_(spin) {}
   Verifier& Expect(int i, bool expect_ok) {
     expectations_[tag(i)] = expect_ok;
     return *this;
   }
   void Verify(CompletionQueue *cq) {
+    if (spin_) gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "spin");
     GPR_ASSERT(!expectations_.empty());
     while (!expectations_.empty()) {
       bool ok;
       void* got_tag;
-      EXPECT_TRUE(cq->Next(&got_tag, &ok));
+      if (spin_) {
+        for (;;) {
+          auto r = cq->AsyncNext(&got_tag, &ok, gpr_time_0(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME));
+          if (r == CompletionQueue::TIMEOUT) continue;
+          if (r == CompletionQueue::GOT_EVENT) break;
+          gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "unexpected result from AsyncNext");
+          abort();
+        }
+      } else {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(cq->Next(&got_tag, &ok));
+      }
       auto it = expectations_.find(got_tag);
       EXPECT_TRUE(it != expectations_.end());
       EXPECT_EQ(it->second, ok);
@@ -86,15 +136,33 @@
     }
   }
   void Verify(CompletionQueue *cq, std::chrono::system_clock::time_point deadline) {
+    if (spin_) gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "spin");
     if (expectations_.empty()) {
       bool ok;
       void *got_tag;
-      EXPECT_EQ(cq->AsyncNext(&got_tag, &ok, deadline), CompletionQueue::TIMEOUT);
+      if (spin_) {
+        while (std::chrono::system_clock::now() < deadline) {
+          EXPECT_EQ(cq->AsyncNext(&got_tag, &ok, gpr_time_0(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME)), CompletionQueue::TIMEOUT);
+        }
+      } else {
+        EXPECT_EQ(cq->AsyncNext(&got_tag, &ok, deadline), CompletionQueue::TIMEOUT);
+      }
     } else {
       while (!expectations_.empty()) {
         bool ok;
         void *got_tag;
-        EXPECT_EQ(cq->AsyncNext(&got_tag, &ok, deadline), CompletionQueue::GOT_EVENT);
+        if (spin_) {
+          for (;;) {
+            GPR_ASSERT(std::chrono::system_clock::now() < deadline);
+            auto r = cq->AsyncNext(&got_tag, &ok, gpr_time_0(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME));
+            if (r == CompletionQueue::TIMEOUT) continue;
+            if (r == CompletionQueue::GOT_EVENT) break;
+            gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "unexpected result from AsyncNext");
+            abort();
+          }          
+        } else {
+          EXPECT_EQ(cq->AsyncNext(&got_tag, &ok, deadline), CompletionQueue::GOT_EVENT);
+        }
         auto it = expectations_.find(got_tag);
         EXPECT_TRUE(it != expectations_.end());
         EXPECT_EQ(it->second, ok);
@@ -105,9 +173,10 @@
 
  private:
   std::map<void*, bool> expectations_;
+  bool spin_;
 };
 
-class AsyncEnd2endTest : public ::testing::Test {
+class AsyncEnd2endTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<bool> {
  protected:
   AsyncEnd2endTest() {}
 
@@ -156,15 +225,15 @@
       service_.RequestEcho(&srv_ctx, &recv_request, &response_writer,
                            cq_.get(), cq_.get(), tag(2));
 
-      Verifier().Expect(2, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+      Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(2, true).Verify(cq_.get());
       EXPECT_EQ(send_request.message(), recv_request.message());
 
       send_response.set_message(recv_request.message());
       response_writer.Finish(send_response, Status::OK, tag(3));
-      Verifier().Expect(3, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+      Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(3, true).Verify(cq_.get());
 
       response_reader->Finish(&recv_response, &recv_status, tag(4));
-      Verifier().Expect(4, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+      Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(4, true).Verify(cq_.get());
 
       EXPECT_EQ(send_response.message(), recv_response.message());
       EXPECT_TRUE(recv_status.ok());
@@ -178,18 +247,18 @@
   std::ostringstream server_address_;
 };
 
-TEST_F(AsyncEnd2endTest, SimpleRpc) {
+TEST_P(AsyncEnd2endTest, SimpleRpc) {
   ResetStub();
   SendRpc(1);
 }
 
-TEST_F(AsyncEnd2endTest, SequentialRpcs) {
+TEST_P(AsyncEnd2endTest, SequentialRpcs) {
   ResetStub();
   SendRpc(10);
 }
 
 // Test a simple RPC using the async version of Next
-TEST_F(AsyncEnd2endTest, AsyncNextRpc) {
+TEST_P(AsyncEnd2endTest, AsyncNextRpc) {
   ResetStub();
 
   EchoRequest send_request;
@@ -210,28 +279,28 @@
       std::chrono::system_clock::now());
   std::chrono::system_clock::time_point time_limit(
       std::chrono::system_clock::now() + std::chrono::seconds(10));
-  Verifier().Verify(cq_.get(), time_now);
-  Verifier().Verify(cq_.get(), time_now);
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Verify(cq_.get(), time_now);
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Verify(cq_.get(), time_now);
 
   service_.RequestEcho(&srv_ctx, &recv_request, &response_writer, cq_.get(),
                        cq_.get(), tag(2));
 
-  Verifier().Expect(2, true).Verify(cq_.get(), time_limit);
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(2, true).Verify(cq_.get(), time_limit);
   EXPECT_EQ(send_request.message(), recv_request.message());
 
   send_response.set_message(recv_request.message());
   response_writer.Finish(send_response, Status::OK, tag(3));
-  Verifier().Expect(3, true).Verify(cq_.get(), std::chrono::system_clock::time_point::max());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(3, true).Verify(cq_.get(), std::chrono::system_clock::time_point::max());
 
   response_reader->Finish(&recv_response, &recv_status, tag(4));
-  Verifier().Expect(4, true).Verify(cq_.get(), std::chrono::system_clock::time_point::max());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(4, true).Verify(cq_.get(), std::chrono::system_clock::time_point::max());
 
   EXPECT_EQ(send_response.message(), recv_response.message());
   EXPECT_TRUE(recv_status.ok());
 }
 
 // Two pings and a final pong.
-TEST_F(AsyncEnd2endTest, SimpleClientStreaming) {
+TEST_P(AsyncEnd2endTest, SimpleClientStreaming) {
   ResetStub();
 
   EchoRequest send_request;
@@ -250,41 +319,41 @@
   service_.RequestRequestStream(&srv_ctx, &srv_stream, cq_.get(),
                                 cq_.get(), tag(2));
 
-  Verifier().Expect(2, true).Expect(1, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(2, true).Expect(1, true).Verify(cq_.get());
 
   cli_stream->Write(send_request, tag(3));
-  Verifier().Expect(3, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(3, true).Verify(cq_.get());
 
   srv_stream.Read(&recv_request, tag(4));
-  Verifier().Expect(4, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(4, true).Verify(cq_.get());
   EXPECT_EQ(send_request.message(), recv_request.message());
 
   cli_stream->Write(send_request, tag(5));
-  Verifier().Expect(5, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(5, true).Verify(cq_.get());
 
   srv_stream.Read(&recv_request, tag(6));
-  Verifier().Expect(6, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(6, true).Verify(cq_.get());
 
   EXPECT_EQ(send_request.message(), recv_request.message());
   cli_stream->WritesDone(tag(7));
-  Verifier().Expect(7, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(7, true).Verify(cq_.get());
 
   srv_stream.Read(&recv_request, tag(8));
-  Verifier().Expect(8, false).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(8, false).Verify(cq_.get());
 
   send_response.set_message(recv_request.message());
   srv_stream.Finish(send_response, Status::OK, tag(9));
-  Verifier().Expect(9, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(9, true).Verify(cq_.get());
 
   cli_stream->Finish(&recv_status, tag(10));
-  Verifier().Expect(10, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(10, true).Verify(cq_.get());
 
   EXPECT_EQ(send_response.message(), recv_response.message());
   EXPECT_TRUE(recv_status.ok());
 }
 
 // One ping, two pongs.
-TEST_F(AsyncEnd2endTest, SimpleServerStreaming) {
+TEST_P(AsyncEnd2endTest, SimpleServerStreaming) {
   ResetStub();
 
   EchoRequest send_request;
@@ -303,38 +372,38 @@
   service_.RequestResponseStream(&srv_ctx, &recv_request, &srv_stream,
                                  cq_.get(), cq_.get(), tag(2));
 
-  Verifier().Expect(1, true).Expect(2, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(1, true).Expect(2, true).Verify(cq_.get());
   EXPECT_EQ(send_request.message(), recv_request.message());
 
   send_response.set_message(recv_request.message());
   srv_stream.Write(send_response, tag(3));
-  Verifier().Expect(3, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(3, true).Verify(cq_.get());
 
   cli_stream->Read(&recv_response, tag(4));
-  Verifier().Expect(4, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(4, true).Verify(cq_.get());
   EXPECT_EQ(send_response.message(), recv_response.message());
 
   srv_stream.Write(send_response, tag(5));
-  Verifier().Expect(5, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(5, true).Verify(cq_.get());
 
   cli_stream->Read(&recv_response, tag(6));
-  Verifier().Expect(6, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(6, true).Verify(cq_.get());
   EXPECT_EQ(send_response.message(), recv_response.message());
 
   srv_stream.Finish(Status::OK, tag(7));
-  Verifier().Expect(7, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(7, true).Verify(cq_.get());
 
   cli_stream->Read(&recv_response, tag(8));
-  Verifier().Expect(8, false).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(8, false).Verify(cq_.get());
 
   cli_stream->Finish(&recv_status, tag(9));
-  Verifier().Expect(9, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(9, true).Verify(cq_.get());
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(recv_status.ok());
 }
 
 // One ping, one pong.
-TEST_F(AsyncEnd2endTest, SimpleBidiStreaming) {
+TEST_P(AsyncEnd2endTest, SimpleBidiStreaming) {
   ResetStub();
 
   EchoRequest send_request;
@@ -353,40 +422,40 @@
   service_.RequestBidiStream(&srv_ctx, &srv_stream, cq_.get(),
                              cq_.get(), tag(2));
 
-  Verifier().Expect(1, true).Expect(2, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(1, true).Expect(2, true).Verify(cq_.get());
 
   cli_stream->Write(send_request, tag(3));
-  Verifier().Expect(3, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(3, true).Verify(cq_.get());
 
   srv_stream.Read(&recv_request, tag(4));
-  Verifier().Expect(4, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(4, true).Verify(cq_.get());
   EXPECT_EQ(send_request.message(), recv_request.message());
 
   send_response.set_message(recv_request.message());
   srv_stream.Write(send_response, tag(5));
-  Verifier().Expect(5, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(5, true).Verify(cq_.get());
 
   cli_stream->Read(&recv_response, tag(6));
-  Verifier().Expect(6, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(6, true).Verify(cq_.get());
   EXPECT_EQ(send_response.message(), recv_response.message());
 
   cli_stream->WritesDone(tag(7));
-  Verifier().Expect(7, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(7, true).Verify(cq_.get());
 
   srv_stream.Read(&recv_request, tag(8));
-  Verifier().Expect(8, false).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(8, false).Verify(cq_.get());
 
   srv_stream.Finish(Status::OK, tag(9));
-  Verifier().Expect(9, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(9, true).Verify(cq_.get());
 
   cli_stream->Finish(&recv_status, tag(10));
-  Verifier().Expect(10, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(10, true).Verify(cq_.get());
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(recv_status.ok());
 }
 
 // Metadata tests
-TEST_F(AsyncEnd2endTest, ClientInitialMetadataRpc) {
+TEST_P(AsyncEnd2endTest, ClientInitialMetadataRpc) {
   ResetStub();
 
   EchoRequest send_request;
@@ -410,7 +479,7 @@
 
   service_.RequestEcho(&srv_ctx, &recv_request, &response_writer, cq_.get(),
                        cq_.get(), tag(2));
-  Verifier().Expect(2, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(2, true).Verify(cq_.get());
   EXPECT_EQ(send_request.message(), recv_request.message());
   auto client_initial_metadata = srv_ctx.client_metadata();
   EXPECT_EQ(meta1.second, client_initial_metadata.find(meta1.first)->second);
@@ -420,16 +489,16 @@
   send_response.set_message(recv_request.message());
   response_writer.Finish(send_response, Status::OK, tag(3));
 
-  Verifier().Expect(3, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(3, true).Verify(cq_.get());
 
   response_reader->Finish(&recv_response, &recv_status, tag(4));
-  Verifier().Expect(4, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(4, true).Verify(cq_.get());
 
   EXPECT_EQ(send_response.message(), recv_response.message());
   EXPECT_TRUE(recv_status.ok());
 }
 
-TEST_F(AsyncEnd2endTest, ServerInitialMetadataRpc) {
+TEST_P(AsyncEnd2endTest, ServerInitialMetadataRpc) {
   ResetStub();
 
   EchoRequest send_request;
@@ -451,15 +520,15 @@
 
   service_.RequestEcho(&srv_ctx, &recv_request, &response_writer, cq_.get(),
                        cq_.get(), tag(2));
-  Verifier().Expect(2, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(2, true).Verify(cq_.get());
   EXPECT_EQ(send_request.message(), recv_request.message());
   srv_ctx.AddInitialMetadata(meta1.first, meta1.second);
   srv_ctx.AddInitialMetadata(meta2.first, meta2.second);
   response_writer.SendInitialMetadata(tag(3));
-  Verifier().Expect(3, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(3, true).Verify(cq_.get());
 
   response_reader->ReadInitialMetadata(tag(4));
-  Verifier().Expect(4, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(4, true).Verify(cq_.get());
   auto server_initial_metadata = cli_ctx.GetServerInitialMetadata();
   EXPECT_EQ(meta1.second, server_initial_metadata.find(meta1.first)->second);
   EXPECT_EQ(meta2.second, server_initial_metadata.find(meta2.first)->second);
@@ -467,16 +536,16 @@
 
   send_response.set_message(recv_request.message());
   response_writer.Finish(send_response, Status::OK, tag(5));
-  Verifier().Expect(5, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(5, true).Verify(cq_.get());
 
   response_reader->Finish(&recv_response, &recv_status, tag(6));
-  Verifier().Expect(6, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(6, true).Verify(cq_.get());
 
   EXPECT_EQ(send_response.message(), recv_response.message());
   EXPECT_TRUE(recv_status.ok());
 }
 
-TEST_F(AsyncEnd2endTest, ServerTrailingMetadataRpc) {
+TEST_P(AsyncEnd2endTest, ServerTrailingMetadataRpc) {
   ResetStub();
 
   EchoRequest send_request;
@@ -498,20 +567,20 @@
 
   service_.RequestEcho(&srv_ctx, &recv_request, &response_writer, cq_.get(),
                        cq_.get(), tag(2));
-  Verifier().Expect(2, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(2, true).Verify(cq_.get());
   EXPECT_EQ(send_request.message(), recv_request.message());
   response_writer.SendInitialMetadata(tag(3));
-  Verifier().Expect(3, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(3, true).Verify(cq_.get());
 
   send_response.set_message(recv_request.message());
   srv_ctx.AddTrailingMetadata(meta1.first, meta1.second);
   srv_ctx.AddTrailingMetadata(meta2.first, meta2.second);
   response_writer.Finish(send_response, Status::OK, tag(4));
 
-  Verifier().Expect(4, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(4, true).Verify(cq_.get());
 
   response_reader->Finish(&recv_response, &recv_status, tag(5));
-  Verifier().Expect(5, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(5, true).Verify(cq_.get());
   EXPECT_EQ(send_response.message(), recv_response.message());
   EXPECT_TRUE(recv_status.ok());
   auto server_trailing_metadata = cli_ctx.GetServerTrailingMetadata();
@@ -520,7 +589,7 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<size_t>(2), server_trailing_metadata.size());
 }
 
-TEST_F(AsyncEnd2endTest, MetadataRpc) {
+TEST_P(AsyncEnd2endTest, MetadataRpc) {
   ResetStub();
 
   EchoRequest send_request;
@@ -558,7 +627,7 @@
 
   service_.RequestEcho(&srv_ctx, &recv_request, &response_writer, cq_.get(),
                        cq_.get(), tag(2));
-  Verifier().Expect(2, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(2, true).Verify(cq_.get());
   EXPECT_EQ(send_request.message(), recv_request.message());
   auto client_initial_metadata = srv_ctx.client_metadata();
   EXPECT_EQ(meta1.second, client_initial_metadata.find(meta1.first)->second);
@@ -568,9 +637,9 @@
   srv_ctx.AddInitialMetadata(meta3.first, meta3.second);
   srv_ctx.AddInitialMetadata(meta4.first, meta4.second);
   response_writer.SendInitialMetadata(tag(3));
-  Verifier().Expect(3, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(3, true).Verify(cq_.get());
   response_reader->ReadInitialMetadata(tag(4));
-  Verifier().Expect(4, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(4, true).Verify(cq_.get());
   auto server_initial_metadata = cli_ctx.GetServerInitialMetadata();
   EXPECT_EQ(meta3.second, server_initial_metadata.find(meta3.first)->second);
   EXPECT_EQ(meta4.second, server_initial_metadata.find(meta4.first)->second);
@@ -581,10 +650,10 @@
   srv_ctx.AddTrailingMetadata(meta6.first, meta6.second);
   response_writer.Finish(send_response, Status::OK, tag(5));
 
-  Verifier().Expect(5, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(5, true).Verify(cq_.get());
 
   response_reader->Finish(&recv_response, &recv_status, tag(6));
-  Verifier().Expect(6, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(6, true).Verify(cq_.get());
   EXPECT_EQ(send_response.message(), recv_response.message());
   EXPECT_TRUE(recv_status.ok());
   auto server_trailing_metadata = cli_ctx.GetServerTrailingMetadata();
@@ -594,7 +663,7 @@
 }
 
 // Server uses AsyncNotifyWhenDone API to check for cancellation
-TEST_F(AsyncEnd2endTest, ServerCheckCancellation) {
+TEST_P(AsyncEnd2endTest, ServerCheckCancellation) {
   ResetStub();
 
   EchoRequest send_request;
@@ -615,21 +684,21 @@
   service_.RequestEcho(&srv_ctx, &recv_request, &response_writer, cq_.get(),
                        cq_.get(), tag(2));
 
-  Verifier().Expect(2, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(2, true).Verify(cq_.get());
   EXPECT_EQ(send_request.message(), recv_request.message());
 
   cli_ctx.TryCancel();
-  Verifier().Expect(5, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(5, true).Verify(cq_.get());
   EXPECT_TRUE(srv_ctx.IsCancelled());
 
   response_reader->Finish(&recv_response, &recv_status, tag(4));
-  Verifier().Expect(4, false).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(4, false).Verify(cq_.get());
 
   EXPECT_EQ(StatusCode::CANCELLED, recv_status.error_code());
 }
 
 // Server uses AsyncNotifyWhenDone API to check for normal finish
-TEST_F(AsyncEnd2endTest, ServerCheckDone) {
+TEST_P(AsyncEnd2endTest, ServerCheckDone) {
   ResetStub();
 
   EchoRequest send_request;
@@ -650,22 +719,24 @@
   service_.RequestEcho(&srv_ctx, &recv_request, &response_writer, cq_.get(),
                        cq_.get(), tag(2));
 
-  Verifier().Expect(2, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(2, true).Verify(cq_.get());
   EXPECT_EQ(send_request.message(), recv_request.message());
 
   send_response.set_message(recv_request.message());
   response_writer.Finish(send_response, Status::OK, tag(3));
-  Verifier().Expect(3, true).Verify(cq_.get());
-  Verifier().Expect(5, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(3, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(5, true).Verify(cq_.get());
   EXPECT_FALSE(srv_ctx.IsCancelled());
 
   response_reader->Finish(&recv_response, &recv_status, tag(4));
-  Verifier().Expect(4, true).Verify(cq_.get());
+  Verifier(GetParam()).Expect(4, true).Verify(cq_.get());
 
   EXPECT_EQ(send_response.message(), recv_response.message());
   EXPECT_TRUE(recv_status.ok());
 }
 
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(AsyncEnd2end, AsyncEnd2endTest, ::testing::Values(false, true));
+
 }  // namespace
 }  // namespace testing
 }  // namespace grpc