Fix grpc_java* Docker images

The images seem to have been broken starting with 12e12a3, but the
removal of Maven support from grpc-java also broke them further.

SSH handling no longer uses $HOME as it does not agree with /etc/passwd
in older docker versions[1] and prevented SSH from seeing the config
file.

Some effort was also made to reduce the image sizes by removing
temporary files.

1. https://github.com/docker/docker/issues/2968
diff --git a/tools/dockerfile/grpc_java/Dockerfile b/tools/dockerfile/grpc_java/Dockerfile
index f234f51..a5508ca 100644
--- a/tools/dockerfile/grpc_java/Dockerfile
+++ b/tools/dockerfile/grpc_java/Dockerfile
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 # Dockerfile for the gRPC Java dev image
 FROM grpc/java_base
 
-RUN  cd /var/local/git/grpc-java/lib/okhttp && \
-  mvn -pl okhttp -am install
-RUN  cd /var/local/git/grpc-java/lib/netty && \
-  mvn -pl codec-http2 -am -DskipTests install
+RUN git clone --recursive --depth 1 git@github.com:google/grpc-java.git /var/local/git/grpc-java
+RUN cd /var/local/git/grpc-java/lib/netty && \
+  mvn -pl codec-http2 -am -DskipTests install clean
 RUN cd /var/local/git/grpc-java && \
-  protoc --version>ver.txt && \
-  mvn install
+  ./gradlew build
 
 # Specify the default command such that the interop server runs on its known testing port
 CMD ["/var/local/git/grpc-java/run-test-server.sh", "--use_tls=true", "--port=8030"]