Initial import from ToT git.
Bug: 9469682
Change-Id: I6fc32550557dc5e94e9ecbbb57b0ec30a844adb4
Upstream: git://git.linux-ipv6.org/gitroot/iputils.git
Commit: 608419a7804caf36a359875d2fdae0b3eb181387
diff --git a/ping.c b/ping.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0366cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ping.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1383 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1989 The Regents of the University of California.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+ * Mike Muuss.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ * must display the following acknowledgement:
+ * This product includes software developed by the University of
+ * California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ * without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef lint
+char copyright[] =
+"@(#) Copyright (c) 1989 The Regents of the University of California.\n\
+ All rights reserved.\n";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+/*
+ * P I N G . C
+ *
+ * Using the InterNet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
+ * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
+ *
+ * Author -
+ * Mike Muuss
+ * U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
+ * December, 1983
+ *
+ * Status -
+ * Public Domain. Distribution Unlimited.
+ * Bugs -
+ * More statistics could always be gathered.
+ * This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
+ */
+
+#include "ping_common.h"
+
+#include <netinet/ip.h>
+#include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
+#ifndef WITHOUT_IFADDRS
+#include <ifaddrs.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifndef ICMP_FILTER
+#define ICMP_FILTER 1
+struct icmp_filter {
+ __u32 data;
+};
+#endif
+
+
+#define MAXIPLEN 60
+#define MAXICMPLEN 76
+#define NROUTES 9 /* number of record route slots */
+#define TOS_MAX 255 /* 8-bit TOS field */
+#define MAX_HOSTNAMELEN NI_MAXHOST
+
+
+static int ts_type;
+static int nroute = 0;
+static __u32 route[10];
+
+
+
+struct sockaddr_in whereto; /* who to ping */
+int optlen = 0;
+int settos = 0; /* Set TOS, Precendence or other QOS options */
+int icmp_sock; /* socket file descriptor */
+u_char outpack[0x10000];
+int maxpacket = sizeof(outpack);
+
+static int broadcast_pings = 0;
+
+static char *pr_addr(__u32);
+static void pr_options(unsigned char * cp, int hlen);
+static void pr_iph(struct iphdr *ip);
+static void usage(void) __attribute__((noreturn));
+static u_short in_cksum(const u_short *addr, int len, u_short salt);
+static void pr_icmph(__u8 type, __u8 code, __u32 info, struct icmphdr *icp);
+static int parsetos(char *str);
+
+static struct {
+ struct cmsghdr cm;
+ struct in_pktinfo ipi;
+} cmsg = { {sizeof(struct cmsghdr) + sizeof(struct in_pktinfo), SOL_IP, IP_PKTINFO},
+ {0, }};
+int cmsg_len;
+
+struct sockaddr_in source;
+char *device;
+int pmtudisc = -1;
+
+
+int
+main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+ struct hostent *hp;
+ int ch, hold, packlen;
+ int socket_errno;
+ u_char *packet;
+ char *target;
+#ifdef USE_IDN
+ char *hnamebuf = NULL;
+#else
+ char hnamebuf[MAX_HOSTNAMELEN];
+#endif
+ char rspace[3 + 4 * NROUTES + 1]; /* record route space */
+
+ limit_capabilities();
+
+#ifdef USE_IDN
+ setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
+#endif
+
+ enable_capability_raw();
+
+ icmp_sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
+ socket_errno = errno;
+
+ disable_capability_raw();
+
+ source.sin_family = AF_INET;
+
+ preload = 1;
+ while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, COMMON_OPTSTR "bRT:")) != EOF) {
+ switch(ch) {
+ case 'b':
+ broadcast_pings = 1;
+ break;
+ case 'Q':
+ settos = parsetos(optarg);
+ if (settos &&
+ (setsockopt(icmp_sock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TOS,
+ (char *)&settos, sizeof(int)) < 0)) {
+ perror("ping: error setting QOS sockopts");
+ exit(2);
+ }
+ break;
+ case 'R':
+ if (options & F_TIMESTAMP) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Only one of -T or -R may be used\n");
+ exit(2);
+ }
+ options |= F_RROUTE;
+ break;
+ case 'T':
+ if (options & F_RROUTE) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Only one of -T or -R may be used\n");
+ exit(2);
+ }
+ options |= F_TIMESTAMP;
+ if (strcmp(optarg, "tsonly") == 0)
+ ts_type = IPOPT_TS_TSONLY;
+ else if (strcmp(optarg, "tsandaddr") == 0)
+ ts_type = IPOPT_TS_TSANDADDR;
+ else if (strcmp(optarg, "tsprespec") == 0)
+ ts_type = IPOPT_TS_PRESPEC;
+ else {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Invalid timestamp type\n");
+ exit(2);
+ }
+ break;
+ case 'I':
+ {
+#if 0
+ char dummy;
+ int i1, i2, i3, i4;
+
+ if (sscanf(optarg, "%u.%u.%u.%u%c",
+ &i1, &i2, &i3, &i4, &dummy) == 4) {
+ __u8 *ptr;
+ ptr = (__u8*)&source.sin_addr;
+ ptr[0] = i1;
+ ptr[1] = i2;
+ ptr[2] = i3;
+ ptr[3] = i4;
+ options |= F_STRICTSOURCE;
+ } else {
+ device = optarg;
+ }
+#else
+ if (inet_pton(AF_INET, optarg, &source.sin_addr) > 0)
+ options |= F_STRICTSOURCE;
+ else
+ device = optarg;
+#endif
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'M':
+ if (strcmp(optarg, "do") == 0)
+ pmtudisc = IP_PMTUDISC_DO;
+ else if (strcmp(optarg, "dont") == 0)
+ pmtudisc = IP_PMTUDISC_DONT;
+ else if (strcmp(optarg, "want") == 0)
+ pmtudisc = IP_PMTUDISC_WANT;
+ else {
+ fprintf(stderr, "ping: wrong value for -M: do, dont, want are valid ones.\n");
+ exit(2);
+ }
+ break;
+ case 'V':
+ printf("ping utility, iputils-%s\n", SNAPSHOT);
+ exit(0);
+ COMMON_OPTIONS
+ common_options(ch);
+ break;
+ default:
+ usage();
+ }
+ }
+ argc -= optind;
+ argv += optind;
+
+ if (argc == 0)
+ usage();
+ if (argc > 1) {
+ if (options & F_RROUTE)
+ usage();
+ else if (options & F_TIMESTAMP) {
+ if (ts_type != IPOPT_TS_PRESPEC)
+ usage();
+ if (argc > 5)
+ usage();
+ } else {
+ if (argc > 10)
+ usage();
+ options |= F_SOURCEROUTE;
+ }
+ }
+ while (argc > 0) {
+ target = *argv;
+
+ memset((char *)&whereto, 0, sizeof(whereto));
+ whereto.sin_family = AF_INET;
+ if (inet_aton(target, &whereto.sin_addr) == 1) {
+ hostname = target;
+ if (argc == 1)
+ options |= F_NUMERIC;
+ } else {
+ char *idn;
+#ifdef USE_IDN
+ int rc;
+
+ if (hnamebuf) {
+ free(hnamebuf);
+ hnamebuf = NULL;
+ }
+
+ rc = idna_to_ascii_lz(target, &idn, 0);
+ if (rc != IDNA_SUCCESS) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "ping: IDN encoding failed: %s\n", idna_strerror(rc));
+ exit(2);
+ }
+#else
+ idn = target;
+#endif
+ hp = gethostbyname(idn);
+ if (!hp) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "ping: unknown host %s\n", target);
+ exit(2);
+ }
+#ifdef USE_IDN
+ free(idn);
+#endif
+ memcpy(&whereto.sin_addr, hp->h_addr, 4);
+#ifdef USE_IDN
+ if (idna_to_unicode_lzlz(hp->h_name, &hnamebuf, 0) != IDNA_SUCCESS) {
+ hnamebuf = strdup(hp->h_name);
+ if (!hnamebuf) {
+ perror("ping: strdup");
+ exit(-1);
+ }
+ }
+#else
+ strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
+ hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = 0;
+#endif
+ hostname = hnamebuf;
+ }
+ if (argc > 1)
+ route[nroute++] = whereto.sin_addr.s_addr;
+ argc--;
+ argv++;
+ }
+
+ if (source.sin_addr.s_addr == 0) {
+ socklen_t alen;
+ struct sockaddr_in dst = whereto;
+ int probe_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
+
+ if (probe_fd < 0) {
+ perror("socket");
+ exit(2);
+ }
+ if (device) {
+ struct ifreq ifr;
+ int rc;
+
+ memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr));
+ strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, device, IFNAMSIZ-1);
+
+ enable_capability_raw();
+ rc = setsockopt(probe_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BINDTODEVICE, device, strlen(device)+1);
+ disable_capability_raw();
+
+ if (rc == -1) {
+ if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(dst.sin_addr.s_addr))) {
+ struct ip_mreqn imr;
+ if (ioctl(probe_fd, SIOCGIFINDEX, &ifr) < 0) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "ping: unknown iface %s\n", device);
+ exit(2);
+ }
+ memset(&imr, 0, sizeof(imr));
+ imr.imr_ifindex = ifr.ifr_ifindex;
+ if (setsockopt(probe_fd, SOL_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &imr, sizeof(imr)) == -1) {
+ perror("ping: IP_MULTICAST_IF");
+ exit(2);
+ }
+ } else {
+ perror("ping: SO_BINDTODEVICE");
+ exit(2);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (settos &&
+ setsockopt(probe_fd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TOS, (char *)&settos, sizeof(int)) < 0)
+ perror("Warning: error setting QOS sockopts");
+
+ dst.sin_port = htons(1025);
+ if (nroute)
+ dst.sin_addr.s_addr = route[0];
+ if (connect(probe_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&dst, sizeof(dst)) == -1) {
+ if (errno == EACCES) {
+ if (broadcast_pings == 0) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Do you want to ping broadcast? Then -b\n");
+ exit(2);
+ }
+ fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: pinging broadcast address\n");
+ if (setsockopt(probe_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BROADCAST,
+ &broadcast_pings, sizeof(broadcast_pings)) < 0) {
+ perror ("can't set broadcasting");
+ exit(2);
+ }
+ if (connect(probe_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&dst, sizeof(dst)) == -1) {
+ perror("connect");
+ exit(2);
+ }
+ } else {
+ perror("connect");
+ exit(2);
+ }
+ }
+ alen = sizeof(source);
+ if (getsockname(probe_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&source, &alen) == -1) {
+ perror("getsockname");
+ exit(2);
+ }
+ source.sin_port = 0;
+
+#ifndef WITHOUT_IFADDRS
+ if (device) {
+ struct ifaddrs *ifa0, *ifa;
+ int ret;
+
+ ret = getifaddrs(&ifa0);
+ if (ret) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "gatifaddrs() failed.\n");
+ exit(2);
+ }
+ for (ifa = ifa0; ifa; ifa = ifa->ifa_next) {
+ if (!ifa->ifa_addr || ifa->ifa_addr->sa_family != AF_INET)
+ continue;
+ if (!strncmp(ifa->ifa_name, device, sizeof(device) - 1) &&
+ !memcmp(&((struct sockaddr_in *)ifa->ifa_addr)->sin_addr,
+ &source.sin_addr, sizeof(source.sin_addr)))
+ break;
+ }
+ freeifaddrs(ifa0);
+ if (!ifa)
+ fprintf(stderr, "ping: Warning: source address might be selected on device other than %s.\n", device);
+ }
+#endif
+ close(probe_fd);
+ } while (0);
+
+ if (whereto.sin_addr.s_addr == 0)
+ whereto.sin_addr.s_addr = source.sin_addr.s_addr;
+
+ if (icmp_sock < 0) {
+ errno = socket_errno;
+ perror("ping: icmp open socket");
+ exit(2);
+ }
+
+ if (device) {
+ struct ifreq ifr;
+
+ memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr));
+ strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, device, IFNAMSIZ-1);
+ if (ioctl(icmp_sock, SIOCGIFINDEX, &ifr) < 0) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "ping: unknown iface %s\n", device);
+ exit(2);
+ }
+ cmsg.ipi.ipi_ifindex = ifr.ifr_ifindex;
+ cmsg_len = sizeof(cmsg);
+ }
+
+ if (broadcast_pings || IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(whereto.sin_addr.s_addr))) {
+ if (uid) {
+ if (interval < 1000) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "ping: broadcast ping with too short interval.\n");
+ exit(2);
+ }
+ if (pmtudisc >= 0 && pmtudisc != IP_PMTUDISC_DO) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "ping: broadcast ping does not fragment.\n");
+ exit(2);
+ }
+ }
+ if (pmtudisc < 0)
+ pmtudisc = IP_PMTUDISC_DO;
+ }
+
+ if (pmtudisc >= 0) {
+ if (setsockopt(icmp_sock, SOL_IP, IP_MTU_DISCOVER, &pmtudisc, sizeof(pmtudisc)) == -1) {
+ perror("ping: IP_MTU_DISCOVER");
+ exit(2);
+ }
+ }
+
+ if ((options&F_STRICTSOURCE) &&
+ bind(icmp_sock, (struct sockaddr*)&source, sizeof(source)) == -1) {
+ perror("bind");
+ exit(2);
+ }
+
+ if (1) {
+ struct icmp_filter filt;
+ filt.data = ~((1<<ICMP_SOURCE_QUENCH)|
+ (1<<ICMP_DEST_UNREACH)|
+ (1<<ICMP_TIME_EXCEEDED)|
+ (1<<ICMP_PARAMETERPROB)|
+ (1<<ICMP_REDIRECT)|
+ (1<<ICMP_ECHOREPLY));
+ if (setsockopt(icmp_sock, SOL_RAW, ICMP_FILTER, (char*)&filt, sizeof(filt)) == -1)
+ perror("WARNING: setsockopt(ICMP_FILTER)");
+ }
+
+ hold = 1;
+ if (setsockopt(icmp_sock, SOL_IP, IP_RECVERR, (char *)&hold, sizeof(hold)))
+ fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: your kernel is veeery old. No problems.\n");
+
+ /* record route option */
+ if (options & F_RROUTE) {
+ memset(rspace, 0, sizeof(rspace));
+ rspace[0] = IPOPT_NOP;
+ rspace[1+IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
+ rspace[1+IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace)-1;
+ rspace[1+IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
+ optlen = 40;
+ if (setsockopt(icmp_sock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace, sizeof(rspace)) < 0) {
+ perror("ping: record route");
+ exit(2);
+ }
+ }
+ if (options & F_TIMESTAMP) {
+ memset(rspace, 0, sizeof(rspace));
+ rspace[0] = IPOPT_TIMESTAMP;
+ rspace[1] = (ts_type==IPOPT_TS_TSONLY ? 40 : 36);
+ rspace[2] = 5;
+ rspace[3] = ts_type;
+ if (ts_type == IPOPT_TS_PRESPEC) {
+ int i;
+ rspace[1] = 4+nroute*8;
+ for (i=0; i<nroute; i++)
+ *(__u32*)&rspace[4+i*8] = route[i];
+ }
+ if (setsockopt(icmp_sock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace, rspace[1]) < 0) {
+ rspace[3] = 2;
+ if (setsockopt(icmp_sock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace, rspace[1]) < 0) {
+ perror("ping: ts option");
+ exit(2);
+ }
+ }
+ optlen = 40;
+ }
+ if (options & F_SOURCEROUTE) {
+ int i;
+ memset(rspace, 0, sizeof(rspace));
+ rspace[0] = IPOPT_NOOP;
+ rspace[1+IPOPT_OPTVAL] = (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE) ? IPOPT_SSRR
+ : IPOPT_LSRR;
+ rspace[1+IPOPT_OLEN] = 3 + nroute*4;
+ rspace[1+IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
+ for (i=0; i<nroute; i++)
+ *(__u32*)&rspace[4+i*4] = route[i];
+
+ if (setsockopt(icmp_sock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace, 4 + nroute*4) < 0) {
+ perror("ping: record route");
+ exit(2);
+ }
+ optlen = 40;
+ }
+
+ /* Estimate memory eaten by single packet. It is rough estimate.
+ * Actually, for small datalen's it depends on kernel side a lot. */
+ hold = datalen + 8;
+ hold += ((hold+511)/512)*(optlen + 20 + 16 + 64 + 160);
+ sock_setbufs(icmp_sock, hold);
+
+ if (broadcast_pings) {
+ if (setsockopt(icmp_sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BROADCAST,
+ &broadcast_pings, sizeof(broadcast_pings)) < 0) {
+ perror ("ping: can't set broadcasting");
+ exit(2);
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
+ int loop = 0;
+ if (setsockopt(icmp_sock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP,
+ &loop, 1) == -1) {
+ perror ("ping: can't disable multicast loopback");
+ exit(2);
+ }
+ }
+ if (options & F_TTL) {
+ int ittl = ttl;
+ if (setsockopt(icmp_sock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL,
+ &ttl, 1) == -1) {
+ perror ("ping: can't set multicast time-to-live");
+ exit(2);
+ }
+ if (setsockopt(icmp_sock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL,
+ &ittl, sizeof(ittl)) == -1) {
+ perror ("ping: can't set unicast time-to-live");
+ exit(2);
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (datalen > 0xFFFF - 8 - optlen - 20) {
+ if (uid || datalen > sizeof(outpack)-8) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Error: packet size %d is too large. Maximum is %d\n", datalen, 0xFFFF-8-20-optlen);
+ exit(2);
+ }
+ /* Allow small oversize to root yet. It will cause EMSGSIZE. */
+ fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: packet size %d is too large. Maximum is %d\n", datalen, 0xFFFF-8-20-optlen);
+ }
+
+ if (datalen >= sizeof(struct timeval)) /* can we time transfer */
+ timing = 1;
+ packlen = datalen + MAXIPLEN + MAXICMPLEN;
+ if (!(packet = (u_char *)malloc((u_int)packlen))) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "ping: out of memory.\n");
+ exit(2);
+ }
+
+ printf("PING %s (%s) ", hostname, inet_ntoa(whereto.sin_addr));
+ if (device || (options&F_STRICTSOURCE))
+ printf("from %s %s: ", inet_ntoa(source.sin_addr), device ?: "");
+ printf("%d(%d) bytes of data.\n", datalen, datalen+8+optlen+20);
+
+ setup(icmp_sock);
+
+ main_loop(icmp_sock, packet, packlen);
+}
+
+
+int receive_error_msg()
+{
+ int res;
+ char cbuf[512];
+ struct iovec iov;
+ struct msghdr msg;
+ struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
+ struct sock_extended_err *e;
+ struct icmphdr icmph;
+ struct sockaddr_in target;
+ int net_errors = 0;
+ int local_errors = 0;
+ int saved_errno = errno;
+
+ iov.iov_base = &icmph;
+ iov.iov_len = sizeof(icmph);
+ msg.msg_name = (void*)⌖
+ msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(target);
+ msg.msg_iov = &iov;
+ msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
+ msg.msg_flags = 0;
+ msg.msg_control = cbuf;
+ msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(cbuf);
+
+ res = recvmsg(icmp_sock, &msg, MSG_ERRQUEUE|MSG_DONTWAIT);
+ if (res < 0)
+ goto out;
+
+ e = NULL;
+ for (cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg); cmsg; cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(&msg, cmsg)) {
+ if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_IP) {
+ if (cmsg->cmsg_type == IP_RECVERR)
+ e = (struct sock_extended_err *)CMSG_DATA(cmsg);
+ }
+ }
+ if (e == NULL)
+ abort();
+
+ if (e->ee_origin == SO_EE_ORIGIN_LOCAL) {
+ local_errors++;
+ if (options & F_QUIET)
+ goto out;
+ if (options & F_FLOOD)
+ write_stdout("E", 1);
+ else if (e->ee_errno != EMSGSIZE)
+ fprintf(stderr, "ping: local error: %s\n", strerror(e->ee_errno));
+ else
+ fprintf(stderr, "ping: local error: Message too long, mtu=%u\n", e->ee_info);
+ nerrors++;
+ } else if (e->ee_origin == SO_EE_ORIGIN_ICMP) {
+ struct sockaddr_in *sin = (struct sockaddr_in*)(e+1);
+
+ if (res < sizeof(icmph) ||
+ target.sin_addr.s_addr != whereto.sin_addr.s_addr ||
+ icmph.type != ICMP_ECHO ||
+ icmph.un.echo.id != ident) {
+ /* Not our error, not an error at all. Clear. */
+ saved_errno = 0;
+ goto out;
+ }
+
+ acknowledge(ntohs(icmph.un.echo.sequence));
+
+ if (!working_recverr) {
+ struct icmp_filter filt;
+ working_recverr = 1;
+ /* OK, it works. Add stronger filter. */
+ filt.data = ~((1<<ICMP_SOURCE_QUENCH)|
+ (1<<ICMP_REDIRECT)|
+ (1<<ICMP_ECHOREPLY));
+ if (setsockopt(icmp_sock, SOL_RAW, ICMP_FILTER, (char*)&filt, sizeof(filt)) == -1)
+ perror("\rWARNING: setsockopt(ICMP_FILTER)");
+ }
+
+ net_errors++;
+ nerrors++;
+ if (options & F_QUIET)
+ goto out;
+ if (options & F_FLOOD) {
+ write_stdout("\bE", 2);
+ } else {
+ print_timestamp();
+ printf("From %s icmp_seq=%u ", pr_addr(sin->sin_addr.s_addr), ntohs(icmph.un.echo.sequence));
+ pr_icmph(e->ee_type, e->ee_code, e->ee_info, NULL);
+ fflush(stdout);
+ }
+ }
+
+out:
+ errno = saved_errno;
+ return net_errors ? : -local_errors;
+}
+
+/*
+ * pinger --
+ * Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet. The IP packet
+ * will be added on by the kernel. The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
+ * and the sequence number is an ascending integer. The first 8 bytes
+ * of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in VAX
+ * byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
+ */
+int send_probe()
+{
+ struct icmphdr *icp;
+ int cc;
+ int i;
+
+ icp = (struct icmphdr *)outpack;
+ icp->type = ICMP_ECHO;
+ icp->code = 0;
+ icp->checksum = 0;
+ icp->un.echo.sequence = htons(ntransmitted+1);
+ icp->un.echo.id = ident; /* ID */
+
+ rcvd_clear(ntransmitted+1);
+
+ if (timing) {
+ if (options&F_LATENCY) {
+ struct timeval tmp_tv;
+ gettimeofday(&tmp_tv, NULL);
+ memcpy(icp+1, &tmp_tv, sizeof(tmp_tv));
+ } else {
+ memset(icp+1, 0, sizeof(struct timeval));
+ }
+ }
+
+ cc = datalen + 8; /* skips ICMP portion */
+
+ /* compute ICMP checksum here */
+ icp->checksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc, 0);
+
+ if (timing && !(options&F_LATENCY)) {
+ struct timeval tmp_tv;
+ gettimeofday(&tmp_tv, NULL);
+ memcpy(icp+1, &tmp_tv, sizeof(tmp_tv));
+ icp->checksum = in_cksum((u_short *)&tmp_tv, sizeof(tmp_tv), ~icp->checksum);
+ }
+
+ do {
+ static struct iovec iov = {outpack, 0};
+ static struct msghdr m = { &whereto, sizeof(whereto),
+ &iov, 1, &cmsg, 0, 0 };
+ m.msg_controllen = cmsg_len;
+ iov.iov_len = cc;
+
+ i = sendmsg(icmp_sock, &m, confirm);
+ confirm = 0;
+ } while (0);
+
+ return (cc == i ? 0 : i);
+}
+
+/*
+ * parse_reply --
+ * Print out the packet, if it came from us. This logic is necessary
+ * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
+ * which arrive ('tis only fair). This permits multiple copies of this
+ * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
+ */
+void pr_echo_reply(__u8 *_icp, int len)
+{
+ struct icmphdr *icp = (struct icmphdr *)_icp;
+ printf(" icmp_seq=%u", ntohs(icp->un.echo.sequence));
+}
+
+int
+parse_reply(struct msghdr *msg, int cc, void *addr, struct timeval *tv)
+{
+ struct sockaddr_in *from = addr;
+ __u8 *buf = msg->msg_iov->iov_base;
+ struct icmphdr *icp;
+ struct iphdr *ip;
+ int hlen;
+ int csfailed;
+
+ /* Check the IP header */
+ ip = (struct iphdr *)buf;
+ hlen = ip->ihl*4;
+ if (cc < hlen + 8 || ip->ihl < 5) {
+ if (options & F_VERBOSE)
+ fprintf(stderr, "ping: packet too short (%d bytes) from %s\n", cc,
+ pr_addr(from->sin_addr.s_addr));
+ return 1;
+ }
+
+ /* Now the ICMP part */
+ cc -= hlen;
+ icp = (struct icmphdr *)(buf + hlen);
+ csfailed = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc, 0);
+
+ if (icp->type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY) {
+ if (icp->un.echo.id != ident)
+ return 1; /* 'Twas not our ECHO */
+ if (gather_statistics((__u8*)icp, sizeof(*icp), cc,
+ ntohs(icp->un.echo.sequence),
+ ip->ttl, 0, tv, pr_addr(from->sin_addr.s_addr),
+ pr_echo_reply))
+ return 0;
+ } else {
+ /* We fall here when a redirect or source quench arrived.
+ * Also this branch processes icmp errors, when IP_RECVERR
+ * is broken. */
+
+ switch (icp->type) {
+ case ICMP_ECHO:
+ /* MUST NOT */
+ return 1;
+ case ICMP_SOURCE_QUENCH:
+ case ICMP_REDIRECT:
+ case ICMP_DEST_UNREACH:
+ case ICMP_TIME_EXCEEDED:
+ case ICMP_PARAMETERPROB:
+ {
+ struct iphdr * iph = (struct iphdr *)(&icp[1]);
+ struct icmphdr *icp1 = (struct icmphdr*)((unsigned char *)iph + iph->ihl*4);
+ int error_pkt;
+ if (cc < 8+sizeof(struct iphdr)+8 ||
+ cc < 8+iph->ihl*4+8)
+ return 1;
+ if (icp1->type != ICMP_ECHO ||
+ iph->daddr != whereto.sin_addr.s_addr ||
+ icp1->un.echo.id != ident)
+ return 1;
+ error_pkt = (icp->type != ICMP_REDIRECT &&
+ icp->type != ICMP_SOURCE_QUENCH);
+ if (error_pkt) {
+ acknowledge(ntohs(icp1->un.echo.sequence));
+ if (working_recverr) {
+ return 0;
+ } else {
+ static int once;
+ /* Sigh, IP_RECVERR for raw socket
+ * was broken until 2.4.9. So, we ignore
+ * the first error and warn on the second.
+ */
+ if (once++ == 1)
+ fprintf(stderr, "\rWARNING: kernel is not very fresh, upgrade is recommended.\n");
+ if (once == 1)
+ return 0;
+ }
+ }
+ nerrors+=error_pkt;
+ if (options&F_QUIET)
+ return !error_pkt;
+ if (options & F_FLOOD) {
+ if (error_pkt)
+ write_stdout("\bE", 2);
+ return !error_pkt;
+ }
+ print_timestamp();
+ printf("From %s: icmp_seq=%u ",
+ pr_addr(from->sin_addr.s_addr),
+ ntohs(icp1->un.echo.sequence));
+ if (csfailed)
+ printf("(BAD CHECKSUM)");
+ pr_icmph(icp->type, icp->code, ntohl(icp->un.gateway), icp);
+ return !error_pkt;
+ }
+ default:
+ /* MUST NOT */
+ break;
+ }
+ if ((options & F_FLOOD) && !(options & (F_VERBOSE|F_QUIET))) {
+ if (!csfailed)
+ write_stdout("!E", 2);
+ else
+ write_stdout("!EC", 3);
+ return 0;
+ }
+ if (!(options & F_VERBOSE) || uid)
+ return 0;
+ if (options & F_PTIMEOFDAY) {
+ struct timeval recv_time;
+ gettimeofday(&recv_time, NULL);
+ printf("%lu.%06lu ", (unsigned long)recv_time.tv_sec, (unsigned long)recv_time.tv_usec);
+ }
+ printf("From %s: ", pr_addr(from->sin_addr.s_addr));
+ if (csfailed) {
+ printf("(BAD CHECKSUM)\n");
+ return 0;
+ }
+ pr_icmph(icp->type, icp->code, ntohl(icp->un.gateway), icp);
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
+ pr_options(buf + sizeof(struct iphdr), hlen);
+
+ if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
+ putchar('\a');
+ putchar('\n');
+ fflush(stdout);
+ } else {
+ putchar('\a');
+ fflush(stdout);
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+#if BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN
+# define ODDBYTE(v) (v)
+#elif BYTE_ORDER == BIG_ENDIAN
+# define ODDBYTE(v) ((u_short)(v) << 8)
+#else
+# define ODDBYTE(v) htons((u_short)(v) << 8)
+#endif
+
+u_short
+in_cksum(const u_short *addr, register int len, u_short csum)
+{
+ register int nleft = len;
+ const u_short *w = addr;
+ register u_short answer;
+ register int sum = csum;
+
+ /*
+ * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum),
+ * we add sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold
+ * back all the carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower
+ * 16 bits.
+ */
+ while (nleft > 1) {
+ sum += *w++;
+ nleft -= 2;
+ }
+
+ /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
+ if (nleft == 1)
+ sum += ODDBYTE(*(u_char *)w); /* le16toh() may be unavailable on old systems */
+
+ /*
+ * add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits
+ */
+ sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff); /* add hi 16 to low 16 */
+ sum += (sum >> 16); /* add carry */
+ answer = ~sum; /* truncate to 16 bits */
+ return (answer);
+}
+
+/*
+ * pr_icmph --
+ * Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
+ */
+void pr_icmph(__u8 type, __u8 code, __u32 info, struct icmphdr *icp)
+{
+ switch(type) {
+ case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
+ printf("Echo Reply\n");
+ /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
+ break;
+ case ICMP_DEST_UNREACH:
+ switch(code) {
+ case ICMP_NET_UNREACH:
+ printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
+ break;
+ case ICMP_HOST_UNREACH:
+ printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
+ break;
+ case ICMP_PROT_UNREACH:
+ printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
+ break;
+ case ICMP_PORT_UNREACH:
+ printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
+ break;
+ case ICMP_FRAG_NEEDED:
+ printf("Frag needed and DF set (mtu = %u)\n", info);
+ break;
+ case ICMP_SR_FAILED:
+ printf("Source Route Failed\n");
+ break;
+ case ICMP_NET_UNKNOWN:
+ printf("Destination Net Unknown\n");
+ break;
+ case ICMP_HOST_UNKNOWN:
+ printf("Destination Host Unknown\n");
+ break;
+ case ICMP_HOST_ISOLATED:
+ printf("Source Host Isolated\n");
+ break;
+ case ICMP_NET_ANO:
+ printf("Destination Net Prohibited\n");
+ break;
+ case ICMP_HOST_ANO:
+ printf("Destination Host Prohibited\n");
+ break;
+ case ICMP_NET_UNR_TOS:
+ printf("Destination Net Unreachable for Type of Service\n");
+ break;
+ case ICMP_HOST_UNR_TOS:
+ printf("Destination Host Unreachable for Type of Service\n");
+ break;
+ case ICMP_PKT_FILTERED:
+ printf("Packet filtered\n");
+ break;
+ case ICMP_PREC_VIOLATION:
+ printf("Precedence Violation\n");
+ break;
+ case ICMP_PREC_CUTOFF:
+ printf("Precedence Cutoff\n");
+ break;
+ default:
+ printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n", code);
+ break;
+ }
+ if (icp && (options & F_VERBOSE))
+ pr_iph((struct iphdr*)(icp + 1));
+ break;
+ case ICMP_SOURCE_QUENCH:
+ printf("Source Quench\n");
+ if (icp && (options & F_VERBOSE))
+ pr_iph((struct iphdr*)(icp + 1));
+ break;
+ case ICMP_REDIRECT:
+ switch(code) {
+ case ICMP_REDIR_NET:
+ printf("Redirect Network");
+ break;
+ case ICMP_REDIR_HOST:
+ printf("Redirect Host");
+ break;
+ case ICMP_REDIR_NETTOS:
+ printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
+ break;
+ case ICMP_REDIR_HOSTTOS:
+ printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
+ break;
+ default:
+ printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", code);
+ break;
+ }
+ if (icp)
+ printf("(New nexthop: %s)\n", pr_addr(icp->un.gateway));
+ if (icp && (options & F_VERBOSE))
+ pr_iph((struct iphdr*)(icp + 1));
+ break;
+ case ICMP_ECHO:
+ printf("Echo Request\n");
+ /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
+ break;
+ case ICMP_TIME_EXCEEDED:
+ switch(code) {
+ case ICMP_EXC_TTL:
+ printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
+ break;
+ case ICMP_EXC_FRAGTIME:
+ printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
+ break;
+ default:
+ printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n", code);
+ break;
+ }
+ if (icp && (options & F_VERBOSE))
+ pr_iph((struct iphdr*)(icp + 1));
+ break;
+ case ICMP_PARAMETERPROB:
+ printf("Parameter problem: pointer = %u\n", icp ? (ntohl(icp->un.gateway)>>24) : info);
+ if (icp && (options & F_VERBOSE))
+ pr_iph((struct iphdr*)(icp + 1));
+ break;
+ case ICMP_TIMESTAMP:
+ printf("Timestamp\n");
+ /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
+ break;
+ case ICMP_TIMESTAMPREPLY:
+ printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
+ /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
+ break;
+ case ICMP_INFO_REQUEST:
+ printf("Information Request\n");
+ /* XXX ID + Seq */
+ break;
+ case ICMP_INFO_REPLY:
+ printf("Information Reply\n");
+ /* XXX ID + Seq */
+ break;
+#ifdef ICMP_MASKREQ
+ case ICMP_MASKREQ:
+ printf("Address Mask Request\n");
+ break;
+#endif
+#ifdef ICMP_MASKREPLY
+ case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
+ printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
+ break;
+#endif
+ default:
+ printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", type);
+ }
+}
+
+void pr_options(unsigned char * cp, int hlen)
+{
+ int i, j;
+ int optlen, totlen;
+ unsigned char * optptr;
+ static int old_rrlen;
+ static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
+
+ totlen = hlen-sizeof(struct iphdr);
+ optptr = cp;
+
+ while (totlen > 0) {
+ if (*optptr == IPOPT_EOL)
+ break;
+ if (*optptr == IPOPT_NOP) {
+ totlen--;
+ optptr++;
+ printf("\nNOP");
+ continue;
+ }
+ cp = optptr;
+ optlen = optptr[1];
+ if (optlen < 2 || optlen > totlen)
+ break;
+
+ switch (*cp) {
+ case IPOPT_SSRR:
+ case IPOPT_LSRR:
+ printf("\n%cSRR: ", *cp==IPOPT_SSRR ? 'S' : 'L');
+ j = *++cp;
+ i = *++cp;
+ i -= 4;
+ cp++;
+ if (j > IPOPT_MINOFF) {
+ for (;;) {
+ __u32 address;
+ memcpy(&address, cp, 4);
+ cp += 4;
+ if (address == 0)
+ printf("\t0.0.0.0");
+ else
+ printf("\t%s", pr_addr(address));
+ j -= 4;
+ putchar('\n');
+ if (j <= IPOPT_MINOFF)
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ break;
+ case IPOPT_RR:
+ j = *++cp; /* get length */
+ i = *++cp; /* and pointer */
+ if (i > j)
+ i = j;
+ i -= IPOPT_MINOFF;
+ if (i <= 0)
+ break;
+ if (i == old_rrlen
+ && !memcmp(cp, old_rr, i)
+ && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
+ printf("\t(same route)");
+ i = ((i + 3) / 4) * 4;
+ cp += i;
+ break;
+ }
+ old_rrlen = i;
+ memcpy(old_rr, (char *)cp, i);
+ printf("\nRR: ");
+ cp++;
+ for (;;) {
+ __u32 address;
+ memcpy(&address, cp, 4);
+ cp += 4;
+ if (address == 0)
+ printf("\t0.0.0.0");
+ else
+ printf("\t%s", pr_addr(address));
+ i -= 4;
+ putchar('\n');
+ if (i <= 0)
+ break;
+ }
+ break;
+ case IPOPT_TS:
+ {
+ int stdtime = 0, nonstdtime = 0;
+ __u8 flags;
+ j = *++cp; /* get length */
+ i = *++cp; /* and pointer */
+ if (i > j)
+ i = j;
+ i -= 5;
+ if (i <= 0)
+ break;
+ flags = *++cp;
+ printf("\nTS: ");
+ cp++;
+ for (;;) {
+ long l;
+
+ if ((flags&0xF) != IPOPT_TS_TSONLY) {
+ __u32 address;
+ memcpy(&address, cp, 4);
+ cp += 4;
+ if (address == 0)
+ printf("\t0.0.0.0");
+ else
+ printf("\t%s", pr_addr(address));
+ i -= 4;
+ if (i <= 0)
+ break;
+ }
+ l = *cp++;
+ l = (l<<8) + *cp++;
+ l = (l<<8) + *cp++;
+ l = (l<<8) + *cp++;
+
+ if (l & 0x80000000) {
+ if (nonstdtime==0)
+ printf("\t%ld absolute not-standard", l&0x7fffffff);
+ else
+ printf("\t%ld not-standard", (l&0x7fffffff) - nonstdtime);
+ nonstdtime = l&0x7fffffff;
+ } else {
+ if (stdtime==0)
+ printf("\t%ld absolute", l);
+ else
+ printf("\t%ld", l - stdtime);
+ stdtime = l;
+ }
+ i -= 4;
+ putchar('\n');
+ if (i <= 0)
+ break;
+ }
+ if (flags>>4)
+ printf("Unrecorded hops: %d\n", flags>>4);
+ break;
+ }
+ default:
+ printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
+ break;
+ }
+ totlen -= optlen;
+ optptr += optlen;
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * pr_iph --
+ * Print an IP header with options.
+ */
+void pr_iph(struct iphdr *ip)
+{
+ int hlen;
+ u_char *cp;
+
+ hlen = ip->ihl << 2;
+ cp = (u_char *)ip + 20; /* point to options */
+
+ printf("Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst Data\n");
+ printf(" %1x %1x %02x %04x %04x",
+ ip->version, ip->ihl, ip->tos, ip->tot_len, ip->id);
+ printf(" %1x %04x", ((ip->frag_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
+ (ip->frag_off) & 0x1fff);
+ printf(" %02x %02x %04x", ip->ttl, ip->protocol, ip->check);
+ printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->saddr));
+ printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->daddr));
+ printf("\n");
+ pr_options(cp, hlen);
+}
+
+/*
+ * pr_addr --
+ * Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
+ * a hostname.
+ */
+char *
+pr_addr(__u32 addr)
+{
+ struct hostent *hp;
+ static char buf[4096];
+
+ in_pr_addr = !setjmp(pr_addr_jmp);
+
+ if (exiting || (options & F_NUMERIC) ||
+ !(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&addr, 4, AF_INET)))
+ sprintf(buf, "%s", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&addr));
+ else {
+ char *s;
+#if USE_IDN
+ if (idna_to_unicode_lzlz(hp->h_name, &s, 0) != IDNA_SUCCESS)
+ s = NULL;
+#else
+ s = NULL;
+#endif
+ snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", s ? s : hp->h_name,
+ inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&addr));
+#if USE_IDN
+ free(s);
+#endif
+ }
+
+ in_pr_addr = 0;
+
+ return(buf);
+}
+
+
+/* Set Type of Service (TOS) and other Quality of Service relating bits */
+int parsetos(char *str)
+{
+ const char *cp;
+ int tos;
+ char *ep;
+
+ /* handle both hex and decimal values */
+ if (str[0] == '0' && (str[1] == 'x' || str[1] == 'X')) {
+ cp = str + 2;
+ tos = (int)strtol(cp, &ep, 16);
+ } else
+ tos = (int)strtol(str, &ep, 10);
+
+ /* doesn't look like decimal or hex, eh? */
+ if (*ep != '\0') {
+ fprintf(stderr, "ping: \"%s\" bad value for TOS\n", str);
+ exit(2);
+ }
+
+ if (tos > TOS_MAX) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "ping: the decimal value of TOS bits must be 0-254 (or zero)\n");
+ exit(2);
+ }
+ return(tos);
+}
+
+#include <linux/filter.h>
+
+void install_filter(void)
+{
+ static int once;
+ static struct sock_filter insns[] = {
+ BPF_STMT(BPF_LDX|BPF_B|BPF_MSH, 0), /* Skip IP header. F..g BSD... Look into ping6. */
+ BPF_STMT(BPF_LD|BPF_H|BPF_IND, 4), /* Load icmp echo ident */
+ BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP|BPF_JEQ|BPF_K, 0xAAAA, 0, 1), /* Ours? */
+ BPF_STMT(BPF_RET|BPF_K, ~0U), /* Yes, it passes. */
+ BPF_STMT(BPF_LD|BPF_B|BPF_IND, 0), /* Load icmp type */
+ BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP|BPF_JEQ|BPF_K, ICMP_ECHOREPLY, 1, 0), /* Echo? */
+ BPF_STMT(BPF_RET|BPF_K, 0xFFFFFFF), /* No. It passes. */
+ BPF_STMT(BPF_RET|BPF_K, 0) /* Echo with wrong ident. Reject. */
+ };
+ static struct sock_fprog filter = {
+ sizeof insns / sizeof(insns[0]),
+ insns
+ };
+
+ if (once)
+ return;
+ once = 1;
+
+ /* Patch bpflet for current identifier. */
+ insns[2] = (struct sock_filter)BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP|BPF_JEQ|BPF_K, htons(ident), 0, 1);
+
+ if (setsockopt(icmp_sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ATTACH_FILTER, &filter, sizeof(filter)))
+ perror("WARNING: failed to install socket filter\n");
+}
+
+#define USAGE_NEWLINE "\n "
+
+void usage(void)
+{
+ fprintf(stderr,
+ "Usage: ping"
+ " [-"
+ "aAbBdDfhLnOqrRUvV"
+ "]"
+ " [-c count]"
+ " [-i interval]"
+ " [-I interface]"
+ USAGE_NEWLINE
+ " [-m mark]"
+ " [-M pmtudisc_option]"
+ " [-l preload]"
+ " [-p pattern]"
+ " [-Q tos]"
+ USAGE_NEWLINE
+ " [-s packetsize]"
+ " [-S sndbuf]"
+ " [-t ttl]"
+ " [-T timestamp_option]"
+ USAGE_NEWLINE
+ " [-w deadline]"
+ " [-W timeout]"
+ " [hop1 ...] destination"
+ "\n"
+ );
+ exit(2);
+}