blob: 2acddceb51c870752c58138779f4a4e4b6b01b61 [file] [log] [blame]
// Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
#include "ipc/ipc_message_utils.h"
#include "base/files/file_path.h"
#include "base/json/json_writer.h"
#include "base/memory/scoped_ptr.h"
#include "base/strings/nullable_string16.h"
#include "base/strings/string_number_conversions.h"
#include "base/strings/utf_string_conversions.h"
#include "base/time/time.h"
#include "base/values.h"
#include "ipc/ipc_channel_handle.h"
#if defined(OS_POSIX)
#include "ipc/file_descriptor_set_posix.h"
#elif defined(OS_WIN)
#include <tchar.h>
#endif
namespace IPC {
namespace {
const int kMaxRecursionDepth = 100;
template<typename CharType>
void LogBytes(const std::vector<CharType>& data, std::string* out) {
#if defined(OS_WIN)
// Windows has a GUI for logging, which can handle arbitrary binary data.
for (size_t i = 0; i < data.size(); ++i)
out->push_back(data[i]);
#else
// On POSIX, we log to stdout, which we assume can display ASCII.
static const size_t kMaxBytesToLog = 100;
for (size_t i = 0; i < std::min(data.size(), kMaxBytesToLog); ++i) {
if (isprint(data[i]))
out->push_back(data[i]);
else
out->append(
base::StringPrintf("[%02X]", static_cast<unsigned char>(data[i])));
}
if (data.size() > kMaxBytesToLog) {
out->append(base::StringPrintf(
" and %u more bytes",
static_cast<unsigned>(data.size() - kMaxBytesToLog)));
}
#endif
}
bool ReadValue(const Message* m, PickleIterator* iter, base::Value** value,
int recursion);
void WriteValue(Message* m, const base::Value* value, int recursion) {
bool result;
if (recursion > kMaxRecursionDepth) {
LOG(WARNING) << "Max recursion depth hit in WriteValue.";
return;
}
m->WriteInt(value->GetType());
switch (value->GetType()) {
case base::Value::TYPE_NULL:
break;
case base::Value::TYPE_BOOLEAN: {
bool val;
result = value->GetAsBoolean(&val);
DCHECK(result);
WriteParam(m, val);
break;
}
case base::Value::TYPE_INTEGER: {
int val;
result = value->GetAsInteger(&val);
DCHECK(result);
WriteParam(m, val);
break;
}
case base::Value::TYPE_DOUBLE: {
double val;
result = value->GetAsDouble(&val);
DCHECK(result);
WriteParam(m, val);
break;
}
case base::Value::TYPE_STRING: {
std::string val;
result = value->GetAsString(&val);
DCHECK(result);
WriteParam(m, val);
break;
}
case base::Value::TYPE_BINARY: {
const base::BinaryValue* binary =
static_cast<const base::BinaryValue*>(value);
m->WriteData(binary->GetBuffer(), static_cast<int>(binary->GetSize()));
break;
}
case base::Value::TYPE_DICTIONARY: {
const base::DictionaryValue* dict =
static_cast<const base::DictionaryValue*>(value);
WriteParam(m, static_cast<int>(dict->size()));
for (base::DictionaryValue::Iterator it(*dict); !it.IsAtEnd();
it.Advance()) {
WriteParam(m, it.key());
WriteValue(m, &it.value(), recursion + 1);
}
break;
}
case base::Value::TYPE_LIST: {
const base::ListValue* list = static_cast<const base::ListValue*>(value);
WriteParam(m, static_cast<int>(list->GetSize()));
for (base::ListValue::const_iterator it = list->begin();
it != list->end(); ++it) {
WriteValue(m, *it, recursion + 1);
}
break;
}
}
}
// Helper for ReadValue that reads a DictionaryValue into a pre-allocated
// object.
bool ReadDictionaryValue(const Message* m, PickleIterator* iter,
base::DictionaryValue* value, int recursion) {
int size;
if (!ReadParam(m, iter, &size))
return false;
for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
std::string key;
base::Value* subval;
if (!ReadParam(m, iter, &key) ||
!ReadValue(m, iter, &subval, recursion + 1))
return false;
value->SetWithoutPathExpansion(key, subval);
}
return true;
}
// Helper for ReadValue that reads a ReadListValue into a pre-allocated
// object.
bool ReadListValue(const Message* m, PickleIterator* iter,
base::ListValue* value, int recursion) {
int size;
if (!ReadParam(m, iter, &size))
return false;
for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
base::Value* subval;
if (!ReadValue(m, iter, &subval, recursion + 1))
return false;
value->Set(i, subval);
}
return true;
}
bool ReadValue(const Message* m, PickleIterator* iter, base::Value** value,
int recursion) {
if (recursion > kMaxRecursionDepth) {
LOG(WARNING) << "Max recursion depth hit in ReadValue.";
return false;
}
int type;
if (!ReadParam(m, iter, &type))
return false;
switch (type) {
case base::Value::TYPE_NULL:
*value = base::Value::CreateNullValue();
break;
case base::Value::TYPE_BOOLEAN: {
bool val;
if (!ReadParam(m, iter, &val))
return false;
*value = new base::FundamentalValue(val);
break;
}
case base::Value::TYPE_INTEGER: {
int val;
if (!ReadParam(m, iter, &val))
return false;
*value = new base::FundamentalValue(val);
break;
}
case base::Value::TYPE_DOUBLE: {
double val;
if (!ReadParam(m, iter, &val))
return false;
*value = new base::FundamentalValue(val);
break;
}
case base::Value::TYPE_STRING: {
std::string val;
if (!ReadParam(m, iter, &val))
return false;
*value = new base::StringValue(val);
break;
}
case base::Value::TYPE_BINARY: {
const char* data;
int length;
if (!m->ReadData(iter, &data, &length))
return false;
*value = base::BinaryValue::CreateWithCopiedBuffer(data, length);
break;
}
case base::Value::TYPE_DICTIONARY: {
scoped_ptr<base::DictionaryValue> val(new base::DictionaryValue());
if (!ReadDictionaryValue(m, iter, val.get(), recursion))
return false;
*value = val.release();
break;
}
case base::Value::TYPE_LIST: {
scoped_ptr<base::ListValue> val(new base::ListValue());
if (!ReadListValue(m, iter, val.get(), recursion))
return false;
*value = val.release();
break;
}
default:
return false;
}
return true;
}
} // namespace
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
LogData::LogData()
: routing_id(0),
type(0),
sent(0),
receive(0),
dispatch(0) {
}
LogData::~LogData() {
}
void ParamTraits<bool>::Log(const param_type& p, std::string* l) {
l->append(p ? "true" : "false");
}
void ParamTraits<unsigned char>::Write(Message* m, const param_type& p) {
m->WriteBytes(&p, sizeof(param_type));
}
bool ParamTraits<unsigned char>::Read(const Message* m, PickleIterator* iter,
param_type* r) {
const char* data;
if (!m->ReadBytes(iter, &data, sizeof(param_type)))
return false;
memcpy(r, data, sizeof(param_type));
return true;
}
void ParamTraits<unsigned char>::Log(const param_type& p, std::string* l) {
l->append(base::UintToString(p));
}
void ParamTraits<unsigned short>::Write(Message* m, const param_type& p) {
m->WriteBytes(&p, sizeof(param_type));
}
bool ParamTraits<unsigned short>::Read(const Message* m, PickleIterator* iter,
param_type* r) {
const char* data;
if (!m->ReadBytes(iter, &data, sizeof(param_type)))
return false;
memcpy(r, data, sizeof(param_type));
return true;
}
void ParamTraits<unsigned short>::Log(const param_type& p, std::string* l) {
l->append(base::UintToString(p));
}
void ParamTraits<int>::Log(const param_type& p, std::string* l) {
l->append(base::IntToString(p));
}
void ParamTraits<unsigned int>::Log(const param_type& p, std::string* l) {
l->append(base::UintToString(p));
}
void ParamTraits<long>::Log(const param_type& p, std::string* l) {
l->append(base::Int64ToString(static_cast<int64>(p)));
}
void ParamTraits<unsigned long>::Log(const param_type& p, std::string* l) {
l->append(base::Uint64ToString(static_cast<uint64>(p)));
}
void ParamTraits<long long>::Log(const param_type& p, std::string* l) {
l->append(base::Int64ToString(static_cast<int64>(p)));
}
void ParamTraits<unsigned long long>::Log(const param_type& p, std::string* l) {
l->append(base::Uint64ToString(p));
}
void ParamTraits<float>::Write(Message* m, const param_type& p) {
m->WriteData(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&p), sizeof(param_type));
}
bool ParamTraits<float>::Read(const Message* m, PickleIterator* iter,
param_type* r) {
const char *data;
int data_size;
if (!m->ReadData(iter, &data, &data_size) ||
data_size != sizeof(param_type)) {
NOTREACHED();
return false;
}
memcpy(r, data, sizeof(param_type));
return true;
}
void ParamTraits<float>::Log(const param_type& p, std::string* l) {
l->append(base::StringPrintf("%e", p));
}
void ParamTraits<double>::Write(Message* m, const param_type& p) {
m->WriteData(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&p), sizeof(param_type));
}
bool ParamTraits<double>::Read(const Message* m, PickleIterator* iter,
param_type* r) {
const char *data;
int data_size;
if (!m->ReadData(iter, &data, &data_size) ||
data_size != sizeof(param_type)) {
NOTREACHED();
return false;
}
memcpy(r, data, sizeof(param_type));
return true;
}
void ParamTraits<double>::Log(const param_type& p, std::string* l) {
l->append(base::StringPrintf("%e", p));
}
void ParamTraits<std::string>::Log(const param_type& p, std::string* l) {
l->append(p);
}
void ParamTraits<std::wstring>::Log(const param_type& p, std::string* l) {
l->append(WideToUTF8(p));
}
#if !defined(WCHAR_T_IS_UTF16)
void ParamTraits<string16>::Log(const param_type& p, std::string* l) {
l->append(UTF16ToUTF8(p));
}
#endif
void ParamTraits<std::vector<char> >::Write(Message* m, const param_type& p) {
if (p.empty()) {
m->WriteData(NULL, 0);
} else {
m->WriteData(&p.front(), static_cast<int>(p.size()));
}
}
bool ParamTraits<std::vector<char> >::Read(const Message* m,
PickleIterator* iter,
param_type* r) {
const char *data;
int data_size = 0;
if (!m->ReadData(iter, &data, &data_size) || data_size < 0)
return false;
r->resize(data_size);
if (data_size)
memcpy(&r->front(), data, data_size);
return true;
}
void ParamTraits<std::vector<char> >::Log(const param_type& p, std::string* l) {
LogBytes(p, l);
}
void ParamTraits<std::vector<unsigned char> >::Write(Message* m,
const param_type& p) {
if (p.empty()) {
m->WriteData(NULL, 0);
} else {
m->WriteData(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&p.front()),
static_cast<int>(p.size()));
}
}
bool ParamTraits<std::vector<unsigned char> >::Read(const Message* m,
PickleIterator* iter,
param_type* r) {
const char *data;
int data_size = 0;
if (!m->ReadData(iter, &data, &data_size) || data_size < 0)
return false;
r->resize(data_size);
if (data_size)
memcpy(&r->front(), data, data_size);
return true;
}
void ParamTraits<std::vector<unsigned char> >::Log(const param_type& p,
std::string* l) {
LogBytes(p, l);
}
void ParamTraits<std::vector<bool> >::Write(Message* m, const param_type& p) {
WriteParam(m, static_cast<int>(p.size()));
// Cast to bool below is required because libc++'s
// vector<bool>::const_reference is different from bool, and we want to avoid
// writing an extra specialization of ParamTraits for it.
for (size_t i = 0; i < p.size(); i++)
WriteParam(m, static_cast<bool>(p[i]));
}
bool ParamTraits<std::vector<bool> >::Read(const Message* m,
PickleIterator* iter,
param_type* r) {
int size;
// ReadLength() checks for < 0 itself.
if (!m->ReadLength(iter, &size))
return false;
r->resize(size);
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
bool value;
if (!ReadParam(m, iter, &value))
return false;
(*r)[i] = value;
}
return true;
}
void ParamTraits<std::vector<bool> >::Log(const param_type& p, std::string* l) {
for (size_t i = 0; i < p.size(); ++i) {
if (i != 0)
l->push_back(' ');
LogParam(static_cast<bool>(p[i]), l);
}
}
void ParamTraits<base::DictionaryValue>::Write(Message* m,
const param_type& p) {
WriteValue(m, &p, 0);
}
bool ParamTraits<base::DictionaryValue>::Read(
const Message* m, PickleIterator* iter, param_type* r) {
int type;
if (!ReadParam(m, iter, &type) || type != base::Value::TYPE_DICTIONARY)
return false;
return ReadDictionaryValue(m, iter, r, 0);
}
void ParamTraits<base::DictionaryValue>::Log(const param_type& p,
std::string* l) {
std::string json;
base::JSONWriter::Write(&p, &json);
l->append(json);
}
#if defined(OS_POSIX)
void ParamTraits<base::FileDescriptor>::Write(Message* m, const param_type& p) {
const bool valid = p.fd >= 0;
WriteParam(m, valid);
if (valid) {
if (!m->WriteFileDescriptor(p))
NOTREACHED();
}
}
bool ParamTraits<base::FileDescriptor>::Read(const Message* m,
PickleIterator* iter,
param_type* r) {
bool valid;
if (!ReadParam(m, iter, &valid))
return false;
if (!valid) {
r->fd = -1;
r->auto_close = false;
return true;
}
return m->ReadFileDescriptor(iter, r);
}
void ParamTraits<base::FileDescriptor>::Log(const param_type& p,
std::string* l) {
if (p.auto_close) {
l->append(base::StringPrintf("FD(%d auto-close)", p.fd));
} else {
l->append(base::StringPrintf("FD(%d)", p.fd));
}
}
#endif // defined(OS_POSIX)
void ParamTraits<base::FilePath>::Write(Message* m, const param_type& p) {
p.WriteToPickle(m);
}
bool ParamTraits<base::FilePath>::Read(const Message* m,
PickleIterator* iter,
param_type* r) {
return r->ReadFromPickle(iter);
}
void ParamTraits<base::FilePath>::Log(const param_type& p, std::string* l) {
ParamTraits<base::FilePath::StringType>::Log(p.value(), l);
}
void ParamTraits<base::ListValue>::Write(Message* m, const param_type& p) {
WriteValue(m, &p, 0);
}
bool ParamTraits<base::ListValue>::Read(
const Message* m, PickleIterator* iter, param_type* r) {
int type;
if (!ReadParam(m, iter, &type) || type != base::Value::TYPE_LIST)
return false;
return ReadListValue(m, iter, r, 0);
}
void ParamTraits<base::ListValue>::Log(const param_type& p, std::string* l) {
std::string json;
base::JSONWriter::Write(&p, &json);
l->append(json);
}
void ParamTraits<base::NullableString16>::Write(Message* m,
const param_type& p) {
WriteParam(m, p.string());
WriteParam(m, p.is_null());
}
bool ParamTraits<base::NullableString16>::Read(const Message* m,
PickleIterator* iter,
param_type* r) {
string16 string;
if (!ReadParam(m, iter, &string))
return false;
bool is_null;
if (!ReadParam(m, iter, &is_null))
return false;
*r = base::NullableString16(string, is_null);
return true;
}
void ParamTraits<base::NullableString16>::Log(const param_type& p,
std::string* l) {
l->append("(");
LogParam(p.string(), l);
l->append(", ");
LogParam(p.is_null(), l);
l->append(")");
}
void ParamTraits<base::PlatformFileInfo>::Write(Message* m,
const param_type& p) {
WriteParam(m, p.size);
WriteParam(m, p.is_directory);
WriteParam(m, p.last_modified.ToDoubleT());
WriteParam(m, p.last_accessed.ToDoubleT());
WriteParam(m, p.creation_time.ToDoubleT());
}
bool ParamTraits<base::PlatformFileInfo>::Read(const Message* m,
PickleIterator* iter,
param_type* p) {
double last_modified;
double last_accessed;
double creation_time;
bool result =
ReadParam(m, iter, &p->size) &&
ReadParam(m, iter, &p->is_directory) &&
ReadParam(m, iter, &last_modified) &&
ReadParam(m, iter, &last_accessed) &&
ReadParam(m, iter, &creation_time);
if (result) {
p->last_modified = base::Time::FromDoubleT(last_modified);
p->last_accessed = base::Time::FromDoubleT(last_accessed);
p->creation_time = base::Time::FromDoubleT(creation_time);
}
return result;
}
void ParamTraits<base::PlatformFileInfo>::Log(const param_type& p,
std::string* l) {
l->append("(");
LogParam(p.size, l);
l->append(",");
LogParam(p.is_directory, l);
l->append(",");
LogParam(p.last_modified.ToDoubleT(), l);
l->append(",");
LogParam(p.last_accessed.ToDoubleT(), l);
l->append(",");
LogParam(p.creation_time.ToDoubleT(), l);
l->append(")");
}
void ParamTraits<base::Time>::Write(Message* m, const param_type& p) {
ParamTraits<int64>::Write(m, p.ToInternalValue());
}
bool ParamTraits<base::Time>::Read(const Message* m, PickleIterator* iter,
param_type* r) {
int64 value;
if (!ParamTraits<int64>::Read(m, iter, &value))
return false;
*r = base::Time::FromInternalValue(value);
return true;
}
void ParamTraits<base::Time>::Log(const param_type& p, std::string* l) {
ParamTraits<int64>::Log(p.ToInternalValue(), l);
}
void ParamTraits<base::TimeDelta>::Write(Message* m, const param_type& p) {
ParamTraits<int64>::Write(m, p.ToInternalValue());
}
bool ParamTraits<base::TimeDelta>::Read(const Message* m,
PickleIterator* iter,
param_type* r) {
int64 value;
bool ret = ParamTraits<int64>::Read(m, iter, &value);
if (ret)
*r = base::TimeDelta::FromInternalValue(value);
return ret;
}
void ParamTraits<base::TimeDelta>::Log(const param_type& p, std::string* l) {
ParamTraits<int64>::Log(p.ToInternalValue(), l);
}
void ParamTraits<base::TimeTicks>::Write(Message* m, const param_type& p) {
ParamTraits<int64>::Write(m, p.ToInternalValue());
}
bool ParamTraits<base::TimeTicks>::Read(const Message* m,
PickleIterator* iter,
param_type* r) {
int64 value;
bool ret = ParamTraits<int64>::Read(m, iter, &value);
if (ret)
*r = base::TimeTicks::FromInternalValue(value);
return ret;
}
void ParamTraits<base::TimeTicks>::Log(const param_type& p, std::string* l) {
ParamTraits<int64>::Log(p.ToInternalValue(), l);
}
void ParamTraits<IPC::ChannelHandle>::Write(Message* m, const param_type& p) {
#if defined(OS_WIN)
// On Windows marshalling pipe handle is not supported.
DCHECK(p.pipe.handle == NULL);
#endif // defined (OS_WIN)
WriteParam(m, p.name);
#if defined(OS_POSIX)
WriteParam(m, p.socket);
#endif
}
bool ParamTraits<IPC::ChannelHandle>::Read(const Message* m,
PickleIterator* iter,
param_type* r) {
return ReadParam(m, iter, &r->name)
#if defined(OS_POSIX)
&& ReadParam(m, iter, &r->socket)
#endif
;
}
void ParamTraits<IPC::ChannelHandle>::Log(const param_type& p,
std::string* l) {
l->append(base::StringPrintf("ChannelHandle(%s", p.name.c_str()));
#if defined(OS_POSIX)
l->append(", ");
ParamTraits<base::FileDescriptor>::Log(p.socket, l);
#endif
l->append(")");
}
void ParamTraits<LogData>::Write(Message* m, const param_type& p) {
WriteParam(m, p.channel);
WriteParam(m, p.routing_id);
WriteParam(m, p.type);
WriteParam(m, p.flags);
WriteParam(m, p.sent);
WriteParam(m, p.receive);
WriteParam(m, p.dispatch);
WriteParam(m, p.message_name);
WriteParam(m, p.params);
}
bool ParamTraits<LogData>::Read(const Message* m,
PickleIterator* iter,
param_type* r) {
return
ReadParam(m, iter, &r->channel) &&
ReadParam(m, iter, &r->routing_id) &&
ReadParam(m, iter, &r->type) &&
ReadParam(m, iter, &r->flags) &&
ReadParam(m, iter, &r->sent) &&
ReadParam(m, iter, &r->receive) &&
ReadParam(m, iter, &r->dispatch) &&
ReadParam(m, iter, &r->message_name) &&
ReadParam(m, iter, &r->params);
}
void ParamTraits<LogData>::Log(const param_type& p, std::string* l) {
// Doesn't make sense to implement this!
}
void ParamTraits<Message>::Write(Message* m, const Message& p) {
#if defined(OS_POSIX)
// We don't serialize the file descriptors in the nested message, so there
// better not be any.
DCHECK(!p.HasFileDescriptors());
#endif
// Don't just write out the message. This is used to send messages between
// NaCl (Posix environment) and the browser (could be on Windows). The message
// header formats differ between these systems (so does handle sharing, but
// we already asserted we don't have any handles). So just write out the
// parts of the header we use.
//
// Be careful also to use only explicitly-sized types. The NaCl environment
// could be 64-bit and the host browser could be 32-bits. The nested message
// may or may not be safe to send between 32-bit and 64-bit systems, but we
// leave that up to the code sending the message to ensure.
m->WriteUInt32(static_cast<uint32>(p.routing_id()));
m->WriteUInt32(p.type());
m->WriteUInt32(p.flags());
m->WriteData(p.payload(), static_cast<uint32>(p.payload_size()));
}
bool ParamTraits<Message>::Read(const Message* m, PickleIterator* iter,
Message* r) {
uint32 routing_id, type, flags;
if (!m->ReadUInt32(iter, &routing_id) ||
!m->ReadUInt32(iter, &type) ||
!m->ReadUInt32(iter, &flags))
return false;
int payload_size;
const char* payload;
if (!m->ReadData(iter, &payload, &payload_size))
return false;
r->SetHeaderValues(static_cast<int32>(routing_id), type, flags);
return r->WriteBytes(payload, payload_size);
}
void ParamTraits<Message>::Log(const Message& p, std::string* l) {
l->append("<IPC::Message>");
}
#if defined(OS_WIN)
// Note that HWNDs/HANDLE/HCURSOR/HACCEL etc are always 32 bits, even on 64
// bit systems. That's why we use the Windows macros to convert to 32 bits.
void ParamTraits<HANDLE>::Write(Message* m, const param_type& p) {
m->WriteInt(HandleToLong(p));
}
bool ParamTraits<HANDLE>::Read(const Message* m, PickleIterator* iter,
param_type* r) {
int32 temp;
if (!m->ReadInt(iter, &temp))
return false;
*r = LongToHandle(temp);
return true;
}
void ParamTraits<HANDLE>::Log(const param_type& p, std::string* l) {
l->append(base::StringPrintf("0x%X", p));
}
void ParamTraits<LOGFONT>::Write(Message* m, const param_type& p) {
m->WriteData(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&p), sizeof(LOGFONT));
}
bool ParamTraits<LOGFONT>::Read(const Message* m, PickleIterator* iter,
param_type* r) {
const char *data;
int data_size = 0;
if (m->ReadData(iter, &data, &data_size) && data_size == sizeof(LOGFONT)) {
const LOGFONT *font = reinterpret_cast<LOGFONT*>(const_cast<char*>(data));
if (_tcsnlen(font->lfFaceName, LF_FACESIZE) < LF_FACESIZE) {
memcpy(r, data, sizeof(LOGFONT));
return true;
}
}
NOTREACHED();
return false;
}
void ParamTraits<LOGFONT>::Log(const param_type& p, std::string* l) {
l->append(base::StringPrintf("<LOGFONT>"));
}
void ParamTraits<MSG>::Write(Message* m, const param_type& p) {
m->WriteData(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&p), sizeof(MSG));
}
bool ParamTraits<MSG>::Read(const Message* m, PickleIterator* iter,
param_type* r) {
const char *data;
int data_size = 0;
bool result = m->ReadData(iter, &data, &data_size);
if (result && data_size == sizeof(MSG)) {
memcpy(r, data, sizeof(MSG));
} else {
result = false;
NOTREACHED();
}
return result;
}
void ParamTraits<MSG>::Log(const param_type& p, std::string* l) {
l->append("<MSG>");
}
#endif // OS_WIN
} // namespace IPC