[libcxx] Introduce an externally-threaded libc++ variant.

This patch further decouples libc++ from pthread, allowing libc++ to be built
against other threading systems. There are two main use cases:

- Building libc++ against a thread library other than pthreads.

- Building libc++ with an "external" thread API, allowing a separate library to
  provide the implementation of that API.

The two use cases are quite similar, the second one being sligtly more
de-coupled than the first. The cmake option LIBCXX_HAS_EXTERNAL_THREAD_API
enables both kinds of builds. One needs to place an <__external_threading>
header file containing an implementation of the "libc++ thread API" declared
in the <__threading_support> header.

For the second use case, the implementation of the libc++ thread API can
delegate to a custom "external" thread API where the implementation of this
external API is provided in a seperate library. This mechanism allows toolchain
vendors to distribute a build of libc++ with a custom thread-porting-layer API
(which is the "external" API above), platform vendors (recipients of the
toolchain/libc++) are then required to provide their implementation of this API
to be linked with (end-user) C++ programs.

Note that the second use case still requires establishing the basic types that
get passed between the external thread library and the libc++ library
(e.g. __libcpp_mutex_t). These cannot be opaque pointer types (libc++ sources
won't compile otherwise). It should also be noted that the second use case can
have a slight performance penalty; as all the thread constructs need to cross a
library boundary through an additional function call.

When the header <__external_threading> is omitted, libc++ is built with the
"libc++ thread API" (declared in <__threading_support>) as the "external" thread
API (basic types are pthread based). An implementation (pthread based) of this
API is provided in test/support/external_threads.cpp, which is built into a
separate DSO and linked in when running the libc++ test suite. A test run
therefore demonstrates the second use case (less the intermediate custom API).

Differential revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D21968

Reviewers: bcraig, compnerd, EricWF, mclow.lists

git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/libcxx/trunk@281179 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
diff --git a/lib/CMakeLists.txt b/lib/CMakeLists.txt
index dd0f663..8ebda51 100644
--- a/lib/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/lib/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -201,6 +201,23 @@
   )
 endif()
 
+if (LIBCXX_HAS_EXTERNAL_THREAD_API)
+  file(GLOB LIBCXX_EXTERNAL_THREADING_SUPPORT_SOURCES ../test/support/external_threads.cpp)
+
+  if (LIBCXX_ENABLE_SHARED)
+    add_library(cxx_external_threads SHARED ${LIBCXX_EXTERNAL_THREADING_SUPPORT_SOURCES})
+  else()
+    add_library(cxx_external_threads STATIC ${LIBCXX_EXTERNAL_THREADING_SUPPORT_SOURCES})
+  endif()
+
+  set_target_properties(cxx_external_threads
+    PROPERTIES
+      LINK_FLAGS    "${LIBCXX_LINK_FLAGS}"
+      COMPILE_FLAGS "${LIBCXX_COMPILE_FLAGS}"
+      OUTPUT_NAME   "c++external_threads"
+  )
+endif()
+
 # Generate a linker script inplace of a libc++.so symlink. Rerun this command
 # after cxx builds.
 if (LIBCXX_ENABLE_SHARED AND LIBCXX_ENABLE_ABI_LINKER_SCRIPT)