Implement filesystem_error::what() and improve reporting.

This patch implements the `what()` for filesystem errors. The message
includes the 'what_arg', any paths that were specified, and the
error code message.

Additionally this patch refactors how errors are created, making it easier
to report them correctly.

git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/libcxx/trunk@337664 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
15 files changed