[libc++] Cleanup and document <__threading_support>

Summary:
This patch attempts to clean up the macro configuration mess in `<__threading_support>`, specifically the mess involving external threading variants. Additionally this patch adds design documentation for `<__threading_support>` and the configuration macros it uses.

The primary change in this patch is separating the idea of an "external API" provided by `<__external_threading>` and the idea of having an external threading library. Now `_LIBCPP_HAS_THREAD_API_EXTERNAL` means that libc++ should use `<__external_threading>` and that the header is expected to exist.  Additionally the new macro `_LIBCPP_HAS_THREAD_LIBRARY_EXTERNAL` is now used to configure for using an "external library"  with the default threading API.

Reviewers: compnerd, rmaprath

Subscribers: smeenai, cfe-commits, mgorny

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D28316

git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/libcxx/trunk@291275 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
diff --git a/lib/CMakeLists.txt b/lib/CMakeLists.txt
index 41b9ced..cc3ed16 100644
--- a/lib/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/lib/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@
   )
 endif()
 
-if (LIBCXX_HAS_EXTERNAL_THREAD_API)
+if (LIBCXX_BUILD_EXTERNAL_THREAD_LIBRARY)
   file(GLOB LIBCXX_EXTERNAL_THREADING_SUPPORT_SOURCES ../test/support/external_threads.cpp)
 
   if (LIBCXX_ENABLE_SHARED)