[libc++] Add _LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_INLINE_VISIBILITY to support GCC ABI compatibility

Summary:
GCC and Clang handle visibility attributes on the out-of-line definition of externally instantiated templates differently. For example in the reproducer below Clang will emit both 'foo' and 'bar' with default visibility while GCC only emits a non-hidden 'foo'.  

```
// RUN: g++ -std=c++11 -shared -O3 test.cpp && sym_extract.py a.out
// RUN: clang++ -std=c++11 -shared -O3 test.cpp && sym_extract.py a.out
#define INLINE_VISIBILITY __attribute__((visibility("hidden"), always_inline))

template <class T>
struct Foo {
  void foo();
  void bar();
};

template <class T>
void Foo<T>::foo() {}

template <class T>
inline INLINE_VISIBILITY
void Foo<T>::bar() {}

template struct Foo<int>;
```

This difference creates ABI incompatibilities between Clang and GCC built dylibs. Specifically GCC built dylibs lack definitions for various member functions of `basic_string`, `basic_istream`, `basic_ostream`, `basic_iostream`, and `basic_streambuf` (All of these types are externally instantiated). 

Surprisingly these missing symbols don't cause many problems because the functions are marked `always_inline`  therefore the dylib definition is rarely needed. However when an out-of-line definition is required then GCC built dylibs will fail to link. For example [GCC built dylibs cannot build Clang](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/39454262/clang-build-errors).

This patch works around this issue by adding `_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_INLINE_VISIBILITY` which is used to mark externally instantiated member functions as always inline. When building the library `_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_INLINE_VISIBILITY` sets the symbol's visibility to "default" instead of "hidden", otherwise it acts exactly the same as `_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY`.

After applying this patch GCC dylibs now contain:
  * `_ZNSt3__115basic_streambufIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE7sungetcEv`
  * `_ZNSt3__115basic_streambufIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEE5gbumpEi`
  * `_ZNSt3__115basic_streambufIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEE7sungetcEv`
  * `_ZNSt3__115basic_streambufIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE9sputbackcEc`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_istreamIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEE3getERNS_15basic_streambufIwS2_EE`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_ostreamIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEElsEPFRNS_9basic_iosIwS2_EES6_E`
  * `_ZNSt3__115basic_streambufIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE4setpEPcS4_`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_ostreamIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEEC1EPNS_15basic_streambufIwS2_EE`
  * `_ZNSt3__115basic_streambufIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE6snextcEv`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_istreamIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE4swapERS3_`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_istreamIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEE4swapERS3_`
  * `_ZNSt3__112basic_stringIcNS_11char_traitsIcEENS_9allocatorIcEEE6__initEPKcm`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_istreamIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEErsEPFRNS_8ios_baseES5_E`
  * `_ZNSt3__115basic_streambufIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE9pubsetbufEPcl`
  * `_ZNSt3__115basic_streambufIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE10pubseekoffExNS_8ios_base7seekdirEj`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_istreamIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEErsEPFRNS_9basic_iosIwS2_EES6_E`
  * `_ZNSt3__115basic_streambufIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEE5pbumpEi`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_ostreamIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE5seekpENS_4fposI11__mbstate_tEE`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_istreamIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE7getlineEPcl`
  * `_ZNSt3__115basic_streambufIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE5sgetcEv`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_istreamIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE3getERNS_15basic_streambufIcS2_EE`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_ostreamIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEElsEPFRNS_8ios_baseES5_E`
  * `_ZNSt3__115basic_streambufIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE8in_availEv`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_istreamIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEErsEPFRNS_8ios_baseES5_E`
  * `_ZNSt3__115basic_streambufIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE6sbumpcEv`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_ostreamIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEElsEPFRNS_9basic_iosIcS2_EES6_E`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_istreamIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE3getERc`
  * `_ZNSt3__115basic_streambufIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEE6snextcEv`
  * `_ZNSt3__112basic_stringIwNS_11char_traitsIwEENS_9allocatorIwEEE6__initEmw`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_istreamIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEE7getlineEPwl`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_ostreamIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE5tellpEv`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_istreamIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEE3getERw`
  * `_ZNSt3__112basic_stringIcNS_11char_traitsIcEENS_9allocatorIcEEE6__initEmc`
  * `_ZNSt3__115basic_streambufIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE7pubsyncEv`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_istreamIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE3getEPcl`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_istreamIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEC2EPNS_15basic_streambufIcS2_EE`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_istreamIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEErsEPFRNS_9basic_iosIcS2_EES6_E`
  * `_ZNSt3__115basic_streambufIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEE7pubsyncEv`
  * `_ZNSt3__115basic_streambufIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE5sputcEc`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_ostreamIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEE5seekpExNS_8ios_base7seekdirE`
  * `_ZNKSt3__115basic_streambufIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE6getlocEv`
  * `_ZNSt3__115basic_streambufIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE5gbumpEi`
  * `_ZNSt3__114basic_iostreamIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE4swapERS3_`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_ostreamIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEE5seekpENS_4fposI11__mbstate_tEE`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_ostreamIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEE5tellpEv`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_ostreamIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEElsEPFRS3_S4_E`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_istreamIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEE3getEPwl`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_istreamIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEEC2EPNS_15basic_streambufIwS2_EE`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_ostreamIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEElsEPFRS3_S4_E`
  * `_ZNSt3__115basic_streambufIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE4setgEPcS4_S4_`
  * `_ZNSt3__112basic_stringIwNS_11char_traitsIwEENS_9allocatorIwEEE6__initEPKwmm`
  * `_ZNSt3__115basic_streambufIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEE4setgEPwS4_S4_`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_istreamIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEEC1EPNS_15basic_streambufIwS2_EE`
  * `_ZNSt3__115basic_streambufIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE8pubimbueERKNS_6localeE`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_ostreamIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE4swapERS3_`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_ostreamIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEEC2EPNS_15basic_streambufIwS2_EE`
  * `_ZNSt3__115basic_streambufIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEE10pubseekposENS_4fposI11__mbstate_tEEj`
  * `_ZNSt3__115basic_streambufIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE5pbumpEi`
  * `_ZNSt3__115basic_streambufIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEE5sgetcEv`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_ostreamIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEE4swapERS3_`
  * `_ZNSt3__115basic_streambufIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE10pubseekposENS_4fposI11__mbstate_tEEj`
  * `_ZNSt3__115basic_streambufIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE5sputnEPKcl`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_ostreamIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE5seekpExNS_8ios_base7seekdirE`
  * `_ZNSt3__115basic_streambufIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEE5sgetnEPwl`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_ostreamIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEElsEPFRNS_8ios_baseES5_E`
  * `_ZNSt3__115basic_streambufIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEE4setpEPwS4_`
  * `_ZNSt3__115basic_streambufIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE5sgetnEPcl`
  * `_ZNKSt3__115basic_streambufIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEE6getlocEv`
  * `_ZNSt3__114basic_iostreamIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEC2EPNS_15basic_streambufIcS2_EE`
  * `_ZNSt3__115basic_streambufIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEE8pubimbueERKNS_6localeE`
  * `_ZNSt3__114basic_iostreamIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEC1EPNS_15basic_streambufIcS2_EE`
  * `_ZNSt3__115basic_streambufIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEE8in_availEv`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_istreamIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEC1EPNS_15basic_streambufIcS2_EE`
  * `_ZNSt3__112basic_stringIcNS_11char_traitsIcEENS_9allocatorIcEEE6__initEPKcmm`
  * `_ZNSt3__115basic_streambufIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEE6sbumpcEv`
  * `_ZNSt3__115basic_streambufIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEE10pubseekoffExNS_8ios_base7seekdirEj`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_ostreamIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEC2EPNS_15basic_streambufIcS2_EE`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_istreamIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEErsEPFRS3_S4_E`
  * `_ZNSt3__115basic_streambufIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEE9sputbackcEw`
  * `_ZNSt3__112basic_stringIwNS_11char_traitsIwEENS_9allocatorIwEEE6__initEPKwm`
  * `_ZNSt3__115basic_streambufIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEE5sputnEPKwl`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_istreamIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEErsEPFRS3_S4_E`
  * `_ZNSt3__113basic_ostreamIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEC1EPNS_15basic_streambufIcS2_EE`
  * `_ZNSt3__115basic_streambufIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEE9pubsetbufEPwl`
  * `_ZNSt3__115basic_streambufIwNS_11char_traitsIwEEE5sputcEw`


This patch has no effect on Clang based builds.



Reviewers: mclow.lists, eugenis, danalbert, jroelofs, EricWF

Subscribers: beanz, cfe-commits, mgorny

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D24600

git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/libcxx/trunk@281681 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
diff --git a/include/ostream b/include/ostream
index 3a4c218..cf20514 100644
--- a/include/ostream
+++ b/include/ostream
@@ -160,20 +160,24 @@
     typedef typename traits_type::off_type off_type;
 
     // 27.7.2.2 Constructor/destructor:
-    explicit basic_ostream(basic_streambuf<char_type, traits_type>* __sb);
+    inline _LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit basic_ostream(basic_streambuf<char_type, traits_type>* __sb)
+    { this->init(__sb); }
     virtual ~basic_ostream();
 protected:
 #ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_RVALUE_REFERENCES
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
     basic_ostream(basic_ostream&& __rhs);
 #endif
 
     // 27.7.2.3 Assign/swap
 #ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_RVALUE_REFERENCES
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
     basic_ostream& operator=(basic_ostream&& __rhs);
 #endif
-    void swap(basic_ostream& __rhs);
+    inline _LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void swap(basic_ostream& __rhs)
+    { basic_ios<char_type, traits_type>::swap(__rhs); }
 
 #ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_DELETED_FUNCTIONS
     basic_ostream           (const basic_ostream& __rhs) = delete;
@@ -188,10 +192,19 @@
     class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY sentry;
 
     // 27.7.2.6 Formatted output:
-    basic_ostream& operator<<(basic_ostream& (*__pf)(basic_ostream&));
+    inline _LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    basic_ostream& operator<<(basic_ostream& (*__pf)(basic_ostream&))
+    { return __pf(*this); }
+
+    inline _LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_INLINE_VISIBILITY
     basic_ostream& operator<<(basic_ios<char_type, traits_type>&
-                              (*__pf)(basic_ios<char_type,traits_type>&));
-    basic_ostream& operator<<(ios_base& (*__pf)(ios_base&));
+                              (*__pf)(basic_ios<char_type,traits_type>&))
+    { __pf(*this); return *this; }
+
+    inline _LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    basic_ostream& operator<<(ios_base& (*__pf)(ios_base&))
+    { __pf(*this); return *this; }
+
     basic_ostream& operator<<(bool __n);
     basic_ostream& operator<<(short __n);
     basic_ostream& operator<<(unsigned short __n);
@@ -213,8 +226,11 @@
     basic_ostream& flush();
 
     // 27.7.2.5 seeks:
+    inline _LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_INLINE_VISIBILITY
     pos_type tellp();
+    inline _LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_INLINE_VISIBILITY
     basic_ostream& seekp(pos_type __pos);
+    inline _LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_INLINE_VISIBILITY
     basic_ostream& seekp(off_type __off, ios_base::seekdir __dir);
 
 protected:
@@ -274,24 +290,15 @@
     }
 }
 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits>
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
-basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::basic_ostream(basic_streambuf<char_type, traits_type>* __sb)
-{
-    this->init(__sb);
-}
-
 #ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_RVALUE_REFERENCES
 
 template <class _CharT, class _Traits>
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::basic_ostream(basic_ostream&& __rhs)
 {
     this->move(__rhs);
 }
 
 template <class _CharT, class _Traits>
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
 basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator=(basic_ostream&& __rhs)
 {
@@ -307,41 +314,6 @@
 }
 
 template <class _CharT, class _Traits>
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
-void
-basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::swap(basic_ostream& __rhs)
-{
-    basic_ios<char_type, traits_type>::swap(__rhs);
-}
-
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits>
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
-basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
-basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(basic_ostream& (*__pf)(basic_ostream&))
-{
-    return __pf(*this);
-}
-
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits>
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
-basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
-basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(basic_ios<char_type, traits_type>&
-                                           (*__pf)(basic_ios<char_type,traits_type>&))
-{
-    __pf(*this);
-    return *this;
-}
-
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits>
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
-basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
-basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(ios_base& (*__pf)(ios_base&))
-{
-    __pf(*this);
-    return *this;
-}
-
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits>
 basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
 basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(basic_streambuf<char_type, traits_type>* __sb)
 {
@@ -989,7 +961,6 @@
 }
 
 template <class _CharT, class _Traits>
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 typename basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::pos_type
 basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::tellp()
 {
@@ -999,7 +970,6 @@
 }
 
 template <class _CharT, class _Traits>
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
 basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::seekp(pos_type __pos)
 {
@@ -1013,7 +983,6 @@
 }
 
 template <class _CharT, class _Traits>
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
 basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::seekp(off_type __off, ios_base::seekdir __dir)
 {