libcxx initial import

git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/libcxx/trunk@103490 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
diff --git a/src/locale.cpp b/src/locale.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..758ec14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/locale.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,3680 @@
+//===------------------------- locale.cpp ---------------------------------===//
+//
+// ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊThe LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "string"
+#include "locale"
+#include "vector"
+#include "algorithm"
+#include "algorithm"
+#include "typeinfo"
+#include "clocale"
+#include "cstring"
+#include "cwctype"
+#include "__sso_allocator"
+#include <libkern/OSAtomic.h>
+#include <langinfo.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+namespace {
+
+struct release
+{
+    void operator()(locale::facet* p) {p->__release_shared();}
+};
+
+template <class T, class A0>
+inline
+T&
+make(A0 a0)
+{
+    static typename aligned_storage<sizeof(T)>::type buf;
+    ::new (&buf) T(a0);
+    return *(T*)&buf;
+}
+
+template <class T, class A0, class A1>
+inline
+T&
+make(A0 a0, A1 a1)
+{
+    static typename aligned_storage<sizeof(T)>::type buf;
+    ::new (&buf) T(a0, a1);
+    return *(T*)&buf;
+}
+
+template <class T, class A0, class A1, class A2>
+inline
+T&
+make(A0 a0, A1 a1, A2 a2)
+{
+    static typename aligned_storage<sizeof(T)>::type buf;
+    ::new (&buf) T(a0, a1, a2);
+    return *(T*)&buf;
+}
+
+}
+
+class _LIBCPP_HIDDEN locale::__imp
+    : public facet
+{
+    enum {N = 28};
+    string         name_;
+    vector<facet*, __sso_allocator<facet*, N> > facets_;
+public:
+    explicit __imp(size_t refs = 0);
+    explicit __imp(const string& name, size_t refs = 0);
+    __imp(const __imp&);
+    __imp(const __imp&, const string&, locale::category c);
+    __imp(const __imp& other, const __imp& one, locale::category c);
+    __imp(const __imp&, facet* f, long id);
+    ~__imp();
+
+    const string& name() const {return name_;}
+    bool has_facet(long id) const {return id < facets_.size() && facets_[id];}
+    const locale::facet* use_facet(long id) const;
+
+    static const locale& make_classic();
+    static       locale& make_global();
+private:
+    void install(facet* f, long id);
+    template <class F> void install(F* f) {install(f, f->id.__get());}
+    template <class F> void install_from(const __imp& other);
+};
+
+locale::__imp::__imp(size_t refs)
+    : facet(refs),
+      name_("C"),
+      facets_(N)
+{
+    facets_.clear();
+    install(&make<_STD::collate<char> >(1));
+    install(&make<_STD::collate<wchar_t> >(1));
+    install(&make<_STD::ctype<char> >((ctype_base::mask*)0, false, 1));
+    install(&make<_STD::ctype<wchar_t> >(1));
+    install(&make<codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t> >(1));
+    install(&make<codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t> >(1));
+    install(&make<codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t> >(1));
+    install(&make<codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t> >(1));
+    install(&make<numpunct<char> >(1));
+    install(&make<numpunct<wchar_t> >(1));
+    install(&make<num_get<char> >(1));
+    install(&make<num_get<wchar_t> >(1));
+    install(&make<num_put<char> >(1));
+    install(&make<num_put<wchar_t> >(1));
+    install(&make<moneypunct<char, false> >(1));
+    install(&make<moneypunct<char, true> >(1));
+    install(&make<moneypunct<wchar_t, false> >(1));
+    install(&make<moneypunct<wchar_t, true> >(1));
+    install(&make<money_get<char> >(1));
+    install(&make<money_get<wchar_t> >(1));
+    install(&make<money_put<char> >(1));
+    install(&make<money_put<wchar_t> >(1));
+    install(&make<time_get<char> >(1));
+    install(&make<time_get<wchar_t> >(1));
+    install(&make<time_put<char> >(1));
+    install(&make<time_put<wchar_t> >(1));
+    install(&make<_STD::messages<char> >(1));
+    install(&make<_STD::messages<wchar_t> >(1));
+}
+
+locale::__imp::__imp(const string& name, size_t refs)
+    : facet(refs),
+      name_(name),
+      facets_(N)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        facets_ = locale::classic().__locale_->facets_;
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < facets_.size(); ++i)
+            if (facets_[i])
+                facets_[i]->__add_shared();
+        install(new collate_byname<char>(name_));
+        install(new collate_byname<wchar_t>(name_));
+        install(new ctype_byname<char>(name_));
+        install(new ctype_byname<wchar_t>(name_));
+        install(new codecvt_byname<char, char, mbstate_t>(name_));
+        install(new codecvt_byname<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>(name_));
+        install(new codecvt_byname<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>(name_));
+        install(new codecvt_byname<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>(name_));
+        install(new numpunct_byname<char>(name_));
+        install(new numpunct_byname<wchar_t>(name_));
+        install(new moneypunct_byname<char, false>(name_));
+        install(new moneypunct_byname<char, true>(name_));
+        install(new moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, false>(name_));
+        install(new moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, true>(name_));
+        install(new time_get_byname<char>(name_));
+        install(new time_get_byname<wchar_t>(name_));
+        install(new time_put_byname<char>(name_));
+        install(new time_put_byname<wchar_t>(name_));
+        install(new messages_byname<char>(name_));
+        install(new messages_byname<wchar_t>(name_));
+    }
+    catch (...)
+    {
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < facets_.size(); ++i)
+            if (facets_[i])
+                facets_[i]->__release_shared();
+        throw;
+    }
+}
+
+locale::__imp::__imp(const __imp& other)
+    : name_(other.name_),
+      facets_(max<size_t>(N, other.facets_.size()))
+{
+    facets_ = other.facets_;
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < facets_.size(); ++i)
+        if (facets_[i])
+            facets_[i]->__add_shared();
+}
+
+locale::__imp::__imp(const __imp& other, const string& name, locale::category c)
+    : name_("*"),
+      facets_(N)
+{
+    facets_ = other.facets_;
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < facets_.size(); ++i)
+        if (facets_[i])
+            facets_[i]->__add_shared();
+    try
+    {
+        if (c & locale::collate)
+        {
+            install(new collate_byname<char>(name));
+            install(new collate_byname<wchar_t>(name));
+        }
+        if (c & locale::ctype)
+        {
+            install(new ctype_byname<char>(name));
+            install(new ctype_byname<wchar_t>(name));
+            install(new codecvt_byname<char, char, mbstate_t>(name));
+            install(new codecvt_byname<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>(name));
+            install(new codecvt_byname<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>(name));
+            install(new codecvt_byname<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>(name));
+        }
+        if (c & locale::monetary)
+        {
+            install(new moneypunct_byname<char, false>(name));
+            install(new moneypunct_byname<char, true>(name));
+            install(new moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, false>(name));
+            install(new moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, true>(name));
+        }
+        if (c & locale::numeric)
+        {
+            install(new numpunct_byname<char>(name));
+            install(new numpunct_byname<wchar_t>(name));
+        }
+        if (c & locale::time)
+        {
+            install(new time_get_byname<char>(name));
+            install(new time_get_byname<wchar_t>(name));
+            install(new time_put_byname<char>(name));
+            install(new time_put_byname<wchar_t>(name));
+        }
+        if (c & locale::messages)
+        {
+            install(new messages_byname<char>(name));
+            install(new messages_byname<wchar_t>(name));
+        }
+    }
+    catch (...)
+    {
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < facets_.size(); ++i)
+            if (facets_[i])
+                facets_[i]->__release_shared();
+        throw;
+    }
+}
+
+template<class F>
+inline
+void
+locale::__imp::install_from(const locale::__imp& one)
+{
+    long id = F::id.__get();
+    install(const_cast<F*>(static_cast<const F*>(one.use_facet(id))), id);
+}
+
+locale::__imp::__imp(const __imp& other, const __imp& one, locale::category c)
+    : name_("*"),
+      facets_(N)
+{
+    facets_ = other.facets_;
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < facets_.size(); ++i)
+        if (facets_[i])
+            facets_[i]->__add_shared();
+    try
+    {
+        if (c & locale::collate)
+        {
+            install_from<_STD::collate<char> >(one);
+            install_from<_STD::collate<wchar_t> >(one);
+        }
+        if (c & locale::ctype)
+        {
+            install_from<_STD::ctype<char> >(one);
+            install_from<_STD::ctype<wchar_t> >(one);
+            install_from<_STD::codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t> >(one);
+            install_from<_STD::codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t> >(one);
+            install_from<_STD::codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t> >(one);
+            install_from<_STD::codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t> >(one);
+        }
+        if (c & locale::monetary)
+        {
+            install_from<moneypunct<char, false> >(one);
+            install_from<moneypunct<char, true> >(one);
+            install_from<moneypunct<wchar_t, false> >(one);
+            install_from<moneypunct<wchar_t, true> >(one);
+            install_from<money_get<char> >(one);
+            install_from<money_get<wchar_t> >(one);
+            install_from<money_put<char> >(one);
+            install_from<money_put<wchar_t> >(one);
+        }
+        if (c & locale::numeric)
+        {
+            install_from<numpunct<char> >(one);
+            install_from<numpunct<wchar_t> >(one);
+            install_from<num_get<char> >(one);
+            install_from<num_get<wchar_t> >(one);
+            install_from<num_put<char> >(one);
+            install_from<num_put<wchar_t> >(one);
+        }
+        if (c & locale::time)
+        {
+            install_from<time_get<char> >(one);
+            install_from<time_get<wchar_t> >(one);
+            install_from<time_put<char> >(one);
+            install_from<time_put<wchar_t> >(one);
+        }
+        if (c & locale::messages)
+        {
+            install_from<_STD::messages<char> >(one);
+            install_from<_STD::messages<wchar_t> >(one);
+        }
+    }
+    catch (...)
+    {
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < facets_.size(); ++i)
+            if (facets_[i])
+                facets_[i]->__release_shared();
+        throw;
+    }
+}
+
+locale::__imp::__imp(const __imp& other, facet* f, long id)
+    : name_("*"),
+      facets_(max<size_t>(N, other.facets_.size()+1))
+{
+    f->__add_shared();
+    unique_ptr<facet, release> hold(f);
+    facets_ = other.facets_;
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < other.facets_.size(); ++i)
+        if (facets_[i])
+            facets_[i]->__add_shared();
+    install(hold.get(), id);
+}
+
+locale::__imp::~__imp()
+{
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < facets_.size(); ++i)
+        if (facets_[i])
+            facets_[i]->__release_shared();
+}
+
+void
+locale::__imp::install(facet* f, long id)
+{
+    f->__add_shared();
+    unique_ptr<facet, release> hold(f);
+    if (id >= facets_.size())
+        facets_.resize(id+1);
+    if (facets_[id])
+        facets_[id]->__release_shared();
+    facets_[id] = hold.release();
+}
+
+const locale::facet*
+locale::__imp::use_facet(long id) const
+{
+    if (!has_facet(id))
+        throw bad_cast();
+    return facets_[id];
+}
+
+// locale
+
+const locale&
+locale::__imp::make_classic()
+{
+    // only one thread can get in here and it only gets in once
+    static aligned_storage<sizeof(locale)>::type buf;
+    locale* c = (locale*)&buf;
+    c->__locale_ = &make<__imp>(1);
+    return *c;
+}
+
+const locale&
+locale::classic()
+{
+    static const locale& c = __imp::make_classic();
+    return c;
+}
+
+locale&
+locale::__imp::make_global()
+{
+    // only one thread can get in here and it only gets in once
+    static aligned_storage<sizeof(locale)>::type buf;
+    locale* g = (locale*)&buf;
+    ::new (&buf) locale(locale::classic());
+    return *(locale*)&buf;
+}
+
+locale&
+locale::__global()
+{
+    static locale& g = __imp::make_global();
+    return g;
+}
+
+locale::locale() throw()
+    : __locale_(__global().__locale_)
+{
+    __locale_->__add_shared();
+}
+
+locale::locale(const locale& l) throw()
+    : __locale_(l.__locale_)
+{
+    __locale_->__add_shared();
+}
+
+locale::~locale() throw()
+{
+    __locale_->__release_shared();
+}
+
+const locale&
+locale::operator=(const locale& other) throw()
+{
+    other.__locale_->__add_shared();
+    __locale_->__release_shared();
+    __locale_ = other.__locale_;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+locale::locale(const char* name)
+    : __locale_(name ? new __imp(name)
+                     : throw runtime_error("locale constructed with null"))
+{
+    __locale_->__add_shared();
+}
+
+locale::locale(const string& name)
+    : __locale_(new __imp(name))
+{
+    __locale_->__add_shared();
+}
+
+locale::locale(const locale& other, const char* name, category c)
+    : __locale_(name ? new __imp(*other.__locale_, name, c)
+                     : throw runtime_error("locale constructed with null"))
+{
+    __locale_->__add_shared();
+}
+
+locale::locale(const locale& other, const string& name, category c)
+    : __locale_(new __imp(*other.__locale_, name, c))
+{
+    __locale_->__add_shared();
+}
+
+locale::locale(const locale& other, const locale& one, category c)
+    : __locale_(new __imp(*other.__locale_, *one.__locale_, c))
+{
+    __locale_->__add_shared();
+}
+
+string
+locale::name() const
+{
+    return __locale_->name();
+}
+
+void
+locale::__install_ctor(const locale& other, facet* f, long id)
+{
+    if (f)
+        __locale_ = new __imp(*other.__locale_, f, id);
+    else
+        __locale_ = other.__locale_;
+    __locale_->__add_shared();
+}
+
+locale
+locale::global(const locale& loc)
+{
+    locale& g = __global();
+    locale r = g;
+    g = loc;
+    if (g.name() != "*")
+        setlocale(LC_ALL, g.name().c_str());
+    return r;
+}
+
+bool
+locale::has_facet(id& x) const
+{
+    return __locale_->has_facet(x.__get());
+}
+
+const locale::facet*
+locale::use_facet(id& x) const
+{
+    return __locale_->use_facet(x.__get());
+}
+
+bool
+locale::operator==(const locale& y) const
+{
+    return (__locale_ == y.__locale_)
+        || (__locale_->name() != "*" && __locale_->name() == y.__locale_->name());
+}
+
+// locale::facet
+
+locale::facet::~facet()
+{
+}
+
+void
+locale::facet::__on_zero_shared()
+{
+    delete this;
+}
+
+// locale::id
+
+int32_t locale::id::__next_id = 0;
+
+namespace
+{
+
+class __fake_bind
+{
+    locale::id* id_;
+    void (locale::id::* pmf_)();
+public:
+    __fake_bind(void (locale::id::* pmf)(), locale::id* id)
+        : id_(id), pmf_(pmf) {}
+
+    void operator()() const
+    {
+        (id_->*pmf_)();
+    }
+};
+
+}
+
+long
+locale::id::__get()
+{
+    call_once(__flag_, __fake_bind(&locale::id::__init, this));
+    return __id_ - 1;
+}
+
+void
+locale::id::__init()
+{
+    __id_ = OSAtomicIncrement32Barrier(&__next_id);
+}
+
+// template <> class collate_byname<char>
+
+collate_byname<char>::collate_byname(const char* n, size_t refs)
+    : collate<char>(refs),
+      __l(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, n, 0))
+{
+    if (__l == 0)
+        throw runtime_error("collate_byname<char>::collate_byname"
+                            " failed to construct for " + string(n));
+}
+
+collate_byname<char>::collate_byname(const string& name, size_t refs)
+    : collate<char>(refs),
+      __l(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, name.c_str(), 0))
+{
+    if (__l == 0)
+        throw runtime_error("collate_byname<char>::collate_byname"
+                            " failed to construct for " + name);
+}
+
+collate_byname<char>::~collate_byname()
+{
+    freelocale(__l);
+}
+
+int
+collate_byname<char>::do_compare(const char_type* __lo1, const char_type* __hi1,
+                                 const char_type* __lo2, const char_type* __hi2) const
+{
+    string_type lhs(__lo1, __hi1);
+    string_type rhs(__lo2, __hi2);
+    int r = strcoll_l(lhs.c_str(), rhs.c_str(), __l);
+    if (r < 0)
+        return -1;
+    if (r > 0)
+        return 1;
+    return r;
+}
+
+collate_byname<char>::string_type
+collate_byname<char>::do_transform(const char_type* lo, const char_type* hi) const
+{
+    const string_type in(lo, hi);
+    string_type out(strxfrm_l(0, in.c_str(), 0, __l), char());
+    strxfrm_l(const_cast<char*>(out.c_str()), in.c_str(), out.size()+1, __l);
+    return out;
+}
+
+// template <> class collate_byname<wchar_t>
+
+collate_byname<wchar_t>::collate_byname(const char* n, size_t refs)
+    : collate<wchar_t>(refs),
+      __l(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, n, 0))
+{
+    if (__l == 0)
+        throw runtime_error("collate_byname<wchar_t>::collate_byname(size_t refs)"
+                            " failed to construct for " + string(n));
+}
+
+collate_byname<wchar_t>::collate_byname(const string& name, size_t refs)
+    : collate<wchar_t>(refs),
+      __l(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, name.c_str(), 0))
+{
+    if (__l == 0)
+        throw runtime_error("collate_byname<wchar_t>::collate_byname(size_t refs)"
+                            " failed to construct for " + name);
+}
+
+collate_byname<wchar_t>::~collate_byname()
+{
+    freelocale(__l);
+}
+
+int
+collate_byname<wchar_t>::do_compare(const char_type* __lo1, const char_type* __hi1,
+                                 const char_type* __lo2, const char_type* __hi2) const
+{
+    string_type lhs(__lo1, __hi1);
+    string_type rhs(__lo2, __hi2);
+    int r = wcscoll_l(lhs.c_str(), rhs.c_str(), __l);
+    if (r < 0)
+        return -1;
+    if (r > 0)
+        return 1;
+    return r;
+}
+
+collate_byname<wchar_t>::string_type
+collate_byname<wchar_t>::do_transform(const char_type* lo, const char_type* hi) const
+{
+    const string_type in(lo, hi);
+    string_type out(wcsxfrm_l(0, in.c_str(), 0, __l), wchar_t());
+    wcsxfrm_l(const_cast<wchar_t*>(out.c_str()), in.c_str(), out.size()+1, __l);
+    return out;
+}
+
+// template <> class ctype<wchar_t>;
+
+locale::id ctype<wchar_t>::id;
+
+ctype<wchar_t>::~ctype()
+{
+}
+
+bool
+ctype<wchar_t>::do_is(mask m, char_type c) const
+{
+    return isascii(c) ? _DefaultRuneLocale.__runetype[c] & m : false;
+}
+
+const wchar_t*
+ctype<wchar_t>::do_is(const char_type* low, const char_type* high, mask* vec) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low, ++vec)
+        *vec = static_cast<mask>(isascii(*low) ? _DefaultRuneLocale.__runetype[*low] : 0);
+    return low;
+}
+
+const wchar_t*
+ctype<wchar_t>::do_scan_is(mask m, const char_type* low, const char_type* high) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low)
+        if (isascii(*low) && (_DefaultRuneLocale.__runetype[*low] & m))
+            break;
+    return low;
+}
+
+const wchar_t*
+ctype<wchar_t>::do_scan_not(mask m, const char_type* low, const char_type* high) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low)
+        if (!(isascii(*low) && (_DefaultRuneLocale.__runetype[*low] & m)))
+            break;
+    return low;
+}
+
+wchar_t
+ctype<wchar_t>::do_toupper(char_type c) const
+{
+    return isascii(c) ? _DefaultRuneLocale.__mapupper[c] : c;
+}
+
+const wchar_t*
+ctype<wchar_t>::do_toupper(char_type* low, const char_type* high) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low)
+        *low = isascii(*low) ? _DefaultRuneLocale.__mapupper[*low] : *low;
+    return low;
+}
+
+wchar_t
+ctype<wchar_t>::do_tolower(char_type c) const
+{
+    return isascii(c) ? _DefaultRuneLocale.__maplower[c] : c;
+}
+
+const wchar_t*
+ctype<wchar_t>::do_tolower(char_type* low, const char_type* high) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low)
+        *low = isascii(*low) ? _DefaultRuneLocale.__maplower[*low] : *low;
+    return low;
+}
+
+wchar_t
+ctype<wchar_t>::do_widen(char c) const
+{
+    return c;
+}
+
+const char*
+ctype<wchar_t>::do_widen(const char* low, const char* high, char_type* dest) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low, ++dest)
+        *dest = *low;
+    return low;
+}
+
+char
+ctype<wchar_t>::do_narrow(char_type c, char dfault) const
+{
+    if (isascii(c))
+        return static_cast<char>(c);
+    return dfault;
+}
+
+const wchar_t*
+ctype<wchar_t>::do_narrow(const char_type* low, const char_type* high, char dfault, char* dest) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low, ++dest)
+        if (isascii(*low))
+            *dest = *low;
+        else
+            *dest = dfault;
+    return low;
+}
+
+// template <> class ctype<char>;
+
+locale::id ctype<char>::id;
+
+ctype<char>::ctype(const mask* tab, bool del, size_t refs)
+    : locale::facet(refs),
+      __tab_(tab),
+      __del_(del)
+{
+    if (__tab_ == 0)
+        __tab_ = _DefaultRuneLocale.__runetype;
+}
+
+ctype<char>::~ctype()
+{
+    if (__tab_ && __del_)
+        delete [] __tab_;
+}
+
+char
+ctype<char>::do_toupper(char_type c) const
+{
+    return isascii(c) ? _DefaultRuneLocale.__mapupper[c] : c;
+}
+
+const char*
+ctype<char>::do_toupper(char_type* low, const char_type* high) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low)
+        *low = isascii(*low) ? _DefaultRuneLocale.__mapupper[*low] : *low;
+    return low;
+}
+
+char
+ctype<char>::do_tolower(char_type c) const
+{
+    return isascii(c) ? _DefaultRuneLocale.__maplower[c] : c;
+}
+
+const char*
+ctype<char>::do_tolower(char_type* low, const char_type* high) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low)
+        *low = isascii(*low) ? _DefaultRuneLocale.__maplower[*low] : *low;
+    return low;
+}
+
+char
+ctype<char>::do_widen(char c) const
+{
+    return c;
+}
+
+const char*
+ctype<char>::do_widen(const char* low, const char* high, char_type* dest) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low, ++dest)
+        *dest = *low;
+    return low;
+}
+
+char
+ctype<char>::do_narrow(char_type c, char dfault) const
+{
+    if (isascii(c))
+        return static_cast<char>(c);
+    return dfault;
+}
+
+const char*
+ctype<char>::do_narrow(const char_type* low, const char_type* high, char dfault, char* dest) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low, ++dest)
+        if (isascii(*low))
+            *dest = *low;
+        else
+            *dest = dfault;
+    return low;
+}
+
+const ctype<char>::mask*
+ctype<char>::classic_table() throw()
+{
+    return _DefaultRuneLocale.__runetype;
+}
+
+// template <> class ctype_byname<char>
+
+ctype_byname<char>::ctype_byname(const char* name, size_t refs)
+    : ctype<char>(0, false, refs),
+      __l(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, name, 0))
+{
+    if (__l == 0)
+        throw runtime_error("ctype_byname<char>::ctype_byname"
+                            " failed to construct for " + string(name));
+}
+
+ctype_byname<char>::ctype_byname(const string& name, size_t refs)
+    : ctype<char>(0, false, refs),
+      __l(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, name.c_str(), 0))
+{
+    if (__l == 0)
+        throw runtime_error("ctype_byname<char>::ctype_byname"
+                            " failed to construct for " + name);
+}
+
+ctype_byname<char>::~ctype_byname()
+{
+    freelocale(__l);
+}
+
+char
+ctype_byname<char>::do_toupper(char_type c) const
+{
+    return toupper_l(c, __l);
+}
+
+const char*
+ctype_byname<char>::do_toupper(char_type* low, const char_type* high) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low)
+        *low = toupper_l(*low, __l);
+    return low;
+}
+
+char
+ctype_byname<char>::do_tolower(char_type c) const
+{
+    return tolower_l(c, __l);
+}
+
+const char*
+ctype_byname<char>::do_tolower(char_type* low, const char_type* high) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low)
+        *low = tolower_l(*low, __l);
+    return low;
+}
+
+// template <> class ctype_byname<wchar_t>
+
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::ctype_byname(const char* name, size_t refs)
+    : ctype<wchar_t>(refs),
+      __l(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, name, 0))
+{
+    if (__l == 0)
+        throw runtime_error("ctype_byname<wchar_t>::ctype_byname"
+                            " failed to construct for " + string(name));
+}
+
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::ctype_byname(const string& name, size_t refs)
+    : ctype<wchar_t>(refs),
+      __l(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, name.c_str(), 0))
+{
+    if (__l == 0)
+        throw runtime_error("ctype_byname<wchar_t>::ctype_byname"
+                            " failed to construct for " + name);
+}
+
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::~ctype_byname()
+{
+    freelocale(__l);
+}
+
+bool
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_is(mask m, char_type c) const
+{
+    return static_cast<bool>(iswctype_l(c, m, __l));
+}
+
+const wchar_t*
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_is(const char_type* low, const char_type* high, mask* vec) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low, ++vec)
+    {
+        if (isascii(*low))
+            *vec = static_cast<mask>(_DefaultRuneLocale.__runetype[*low]);
+        else
+        {
+            *vec = 0;
+            if (iswspace_l(*low, __l))
+                *vec |= space;
+            if (iswprint_l(*low, __l))
+                *vec |= print;
+            if (iswcntrl_l(*low, __l))
+                *vec |= cntrl;
+            if (iswupper_l(*low, __l))
+                *vec |= upper;
+            if (iswlower_l(*low, __l))
+                *vec |= lower;
+            if (iswalpha_l(*low, __l))
+                *vec |= alpha;
+            if (iswdigit_l(*low, __l))
+                *vec |= digit;
+            if (iswpunct_l(*low, __l))
+                *vec |= punct;
+            if (iswxdigit_l(*low, __l))
+                *vec |= xdigit;
+        }
+    }
+    return low;
+}
+
+const wchar_t*
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_scan_is(mask m, const char_type* low, const char_type* high) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low)
+        if (iswctype_l(*low, m, __l))
+            break;
+    return low;
+}
+
+const wchar_t*
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_scan_not(mask m, const char_type* low, const char_type* high) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low)
+        if (!iswctype_l(*low, m, __l))
+            break;
+    return low;
+}
+
+wchar_t
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_toupper(char_type c) const
+{
+    return towupper_l(c, __l);
+}
+
+const wchar_t*
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_toupper(char_type* low, const char_type* high) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low)
+        *low = towupper_l(*low, __l);
+    return low;
+}
+
+wchar_t
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_tolower(char_type c) const
+{
+    return towlower_l(c, __l);
+}
+
+const wchar_t*
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_tolower(char_type* low, const char_type* high) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low)
+        *low = towlower_l(*low, __l);
+    return low;
+}
+
+wchar_t
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_widen(char c) const
+{
+    return btowc_l(c, __l);
+}
+
+const char*
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_widen(const char* low, const char* high, char_type* dest) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low, ++dest)
+        *dest = btowc_l(*low, __l);
+    return low;
+}
+
+char
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_narrow(char_type c, char dfault) const
+{
+    int r = wctob_l(c, __l);
+    return r != WEOF ? static_cast<char>(r) : dfault;
+}
+
+const wchar_t*
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_narrow(const char_type* low, const char_type* high, char dfault, char* dest) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low, ++dest)
+    {
+        int r = wctob_l(*low, __l);
+        *dest = r != WEOF ? static_cast<char>(r) : dfault;
+    }
+    return low;
+}
+
+// template <> class codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>
+
+locale::id codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::id; 
+
+codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::~codecvt()
+{
+}
+
+codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::result
+codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::do_out(state_type&, 
+    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type*, const intern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
+{
+    frm_nxt = frm;
+    to_nxt = to;
+    return noconv;
+}
+
+codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::result
+codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::do_in(state_type&, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type*, const extern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    intern_type* to, intern_type*, intern_type*& to_nxt) const
+{
+    frm_nxt = frm;
+    to_nxt = to;
+    return noconv;
+}
+
+codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::result
+codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::do_unshift(state_type&, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
+{
+    to_nxt = to;
+    return noconv;
+}
+
+int
+codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::do_encoding() const throw()
+{
+    return 1;
+}
+
+bool
+codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::do_always_noconv() const throw()
+{
+    return true;
+}
+
+int
+codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::do_length(state_type&,
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* end, size_t mx) const
+{
+    return static_cast<int>(min<size_t>(mx, end-frm));
+}
+
+int
+codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::do_max_length() const throw()
+{
+    return 1;
+}
+
+// template <> class codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>
+
+locale::id codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::id; 
+
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::codecvt(size_t refs)
+    : locale::facet(refs),
+      __l(0)
+{
+}
+
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::codecvt(const char* nm, size_t refs)
+    : locale::facet(refs),
+      __l(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, nm, 0))
+{
+    if (__l == 0)
+        throw runtime_error("codecvt_byname<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::codecvt_byname"
+                            " failed to construct for " + string(nm));
+}
+
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::~codecvt()
+{
+    if (__l != 0)
+        freelocale(__l);
+}
+
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::result
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_out(state_type& st,
+    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
+{
+    // look for first internal null in frm
+    const intern_type* fend = frm;
+    for (; fend != frm_end; ++fend)
+        if (*fend == 0)
+            break;
+    // loop over all null-terminated sequences in frm
+    to_nxt = to;
+    for (frm_nxt = frm; frm != frm_end && to != to_end; frm = frm_nxt, to = to_nxt)
+    {
+        // save state in case needed to reover to_nxt on error
+        mbstate_t save_state = st;
+        size_t n = wcsnrtombs_l(to, &frm_nxt, fend-frm, to_end-to, &st, __l);
+        if (n == size_t(-1))
+        {
+            // need to recover to_nxt
+            for (to_nxt = to; frm != frm_nxt; ++frm)
+            {
+                n = wcrtomb_l(to_nxt, *frm, &save_state, __l);
+                if (n == size_t(-1))
+                    break;
+                to_nxt += n;
+            }
+            frm_nxt = frm;
+            return error;
+        }
+        if (n == 0)
+            return partial;
+        to_nxt += n;
+        if (to_nxt == to_end)
+            break;
+        if (fend != frm_end)  // set up next null terminated sequence
+        {
+            // Try to write the terminating null
+            extern_type tmp[MB_LEN_MAX];
+            n = wcrtomb_l(tmp, intern_type(), &st, __l);
+            if (n == size_t(-1))  // on error
+                return error;
+            if (n > to_end-to_nxt)  // is there room?
+                return partial;
+            for (extern_type* p = tmp; n; --n)  // write it
+                *to_nxt++ = *p++;
+            ++frm_nxt;
+            // look for next null in frm
+            for (fend = frm_nxt; fend != frm_end; ++fend)
+                if (*fend == 0)
+                    break;
+        }
+    }
+    return frm_nxt == frm_end ? ok : partial;
+}
+
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::result
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_in(state_type& st,
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const
+{
+    // look for first internal null in frm
+    const extern_type* fend = frm;
+    for (; fend != frm_end; ++fend)
+        if (*fend == 0)
+            break;
+    // loop over all null-terminated sequences in frm
+    to_nxt = to;
+    for (frm_nxt = frm; frm != frm_end && to != to_end; frm = frm_nxt, to = to_nxt)
+    {
+        // save state in case needed to reover to_nxt on error
+        mbstate_t save_state = st;
+        size_t n = mbsnrtowcs_l(to, &frm_nxt, fend-frm, to_end-to, &st, __l);
+        if (n == size_t(-1))
+        {
+            // need to recover to_nxt
+            for (to_nxt = to; frm != frm_nxt; ++to_nxt)
+            {
+                n = mbrtowc_l(to_nxt, frm, fend-frm, &save_state, __l);
+                switch (n)
+                {
+                case 0:
+                    ++frm;
+                    break;
+                case -1:
+                    frm_nxt = frm;
+                    return error;
+                case -2:
+                    frm_nxt = frm;
+                    return partial;
+                default:
+                    frm += n;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            frm_nxt = frm;
+            return frm_nxt == frm_end ? ok : partial;
+        }
+        if (n == 0)
+            return error;
+        to_nxt += n;
+        if (to_nxt == to_end)
+            break;
+        if (fend != frm_end)  // set up next null terminated sequence
+        {
+            // Try to write the terminating null
+            n = mbrtowc_l(to_nxt, frm_nxt, 1, &st, __l);
+            if (n != 0)  // on error
+                return error;
+            ++to_nxt;
+            ++frm_nxt;
+            // look for next null in frm
+            for (fend = frm_nxt; fend != frm_end; ++fend)
+                if (*fend == 0)
+                    break;
+        }
+    }
+    return frm_nxt == frm_end ? ok : partial;
+}
+
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::result
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_unshift(state_type& st,
+    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
+{
+    to_nxt = to;
+    extern_type tmp[MB_LEN_MAX];
+    size_t n = wcrtomb_l(tmp, intern_type(), &st, __l);
+    if (n == size_t(-1) || n == 0)  // on error
+        return error;
+    --n;
+    if (n > to_end-to_nxt)  // is there room?
+        return partial;
+    for (extern_type* p = tmp; n; --n)  // write it
+        *to_nxt++ = *p++;
+    return ok;
+}
+
+int
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_encoding() const throw()
+{
+    if (mbtowc_l(0, 0, MB_LEN_MAX, __l) == 0)
+    {
+        // stateless encoding
+        if (__l == 0 || MB_CUR_MAX_L(__l) == 1)  // there are no known constant length encodings
+            return 1;                // which take more than 1 char to form a wchar_t
+         return 0;
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
+
+bool
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_always_noconv() const throw()
+{
+    return false;
+}
+
+int
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_length(state_type& st,
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const
+{
+    int nbytes = 0;
+    for (size_t nwchar_t = 0; nwchar_t < mx && frm != frm_end; ++nwchar_t)
+    {
+        size_t n = mbrlen_l(frm, frm_end-frm, &st, __l);
+        switch (n)
+        {
+        case 0:
+            ++nbytes;
+            ++frm;
+            break;
+        case -1:
+        case -2:
+            return nbytes;
+        default:
+            nbytes += n;
+            frm += n;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    return nbytes;
+}
+
+int
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_max_length() const throw()
+{
+    return __l == 0 ? 1 : MB_CUR_MAX_L(__l);
+}
+
+//                                     Valid UTF ranges
+//     UTF-32               UTF-16                          UTF-8               # of code points
+//                     first      second       first   second    third   fourth
+// 000000 - 00007F  0000 - 007F               00 - 7F                                 127
+// 000080 - 0007FF  0080 - 07FF               C2 - DF, 80 - BF                       1920
+// 000800 - 000FFF  0800 - 0FFF               E0 - E0, A0 - BF, 80 - BF              2048
+// 001000 - 00CFFF  1000 - CFFF               E1 - EC, 80 - BF, 80 - BF             49152
+// 00D000 - 00D7FF  D000 - D7FF               ED - ED, 80 - 9F, 80 - BF              2048
+// 00D800 - 00DFFF                invalid
+// 00E000 - 00FFFF  E000 - FFFF               EE - EF, 80 - BF, 80 - BF              8192
+// 010000 - 03FFFF  D800 - D8BF, DC00 - DFFF  F0 - F0, 90 - BF, 80 - BF, 80 - BF   196608
+// 040000 - 0FFFFF  D8C0 - DBBF, DC00 - DFFF  F1 - F3, 80 - BF, 80 - BF, 80 - BF   786432
+// 100000 - 10FFFF  DBC0 - DBFF, DC00 - DFFF  F4 - F4, 80 - 8F, 80 - BF, 80 - BF    65536
+
+// template <> class codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>
+
+locale::id codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::id; 
+
+codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::~codecvt()
+{
+}
+
+codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::result
+codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_out(state_type&,
+    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
+{
+    for (frm_nxt = frm, to_nxt = to; frm_nxt < frm_end; ++frm_nxt)
+    {
+        intern_type wc1 = *frm_nxt;
+        if (wc1 < 0x0080)
+        {
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 1)
+                return partial;
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(wc1);
+        }
+        else if (wc1 < 0x0800)
+        {
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 2)
+                return partial;
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0xC0 | (wc1 >> 6));
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0x80 | (wc1 & 0x03F));
+        }
+        else if (wc1 < 0xD800)
+        {
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 3)
+                return partial;
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0xE0 |  (wc1 >> 12));
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0x80 | ((wc1 & 0x0FC0) >> 6));
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0x80 |  (wc1 & 0x003F));
+        }
+        else if (wc1 < 0xDC00)
+        {
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 2)
+                return partial;
+            intern_type wc2 = frm_nxt[1];
+            if ((wc2 & 0xFC00) != 0xDC00)
+                return error;
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 4)
+                return partial;
+            ++frm_nxt;
+            unsigned char z = ((wc1 & 0x03C0) >> 6) + 1;
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0xF0 | (z >> 2));
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0x80 | ((z & 0x03) << 4)     | ((wc1 & 0x003C) >> 2));
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0x80 | ((wc1 & 0x0003) << 4) | ((wc2 & 0x03C0) >> 6));
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0x80 |  (wc2 & 0x003F));
+        }
+        else if (wc1 < 0xE000)
+        {
+            return error;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 3)
+                return partial;
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0xE0 |  (wc1 >> 12));
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0x80 | ((wc1 & 0x0FC0) >> 6));
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0x80 |  (wc1 & 0x003F));
+        }
+    }
+    return ok;
+}
+
+codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::result
+codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_in(state_type&,
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const
+{
+    for (frm_nxt = frm, to_nxt = to; frm_nxt < frm_end && to_nxt < to_end; ++to_nxt)
+    {
+        unsigned char c1 = static_cast<unsigned char>(*frm_nxt);
+        if (c1 < 0x80)
+        {
+            *to_nxt = static_cast<intern_type>(c1);
+            ++frm_nxt;
+        }
+        else if (c1 < 0xC2)
+        {
+            return error;
+        }
+        else if (c1 < 0xE0)
+        {
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 2)
+                return partial;
+            unsigned char c2 = frm_nxt[1];
+            if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                return error;
+            *to_nxt = static_cast<intern_type>(((c1 & 0x1F) << 6)
+                                              | (c2 & 0x3F));
+            frm_nxt += 2;
+        }
+        else if (c1 < 0xF0)
+        {
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 3)
+                return partial;
+            unsigned char c2 = frm_nxt[1];
+            unsigned char c3 = frm_nxt[2];
+            switch (c1)
+            {
+            case 0xE0:
+                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0xA0)
+                    return error;
+                 break;
+            case 0xED:
+                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0x80)
+                    return error;
+                 break;
+            default:
+                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                    return error;
+                 break;
+            }
+            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                return error;
+            *to_nxt = static_cast<intern_type>(((c1 & 0x0F) << 12)
+                                             | ((c2 & 0x3F) << 6)
+                                             |  (c3 & 0x3F));
+            frm_nxt += 3;
+        }
+        else if (c1 < 0xF5)
+        {
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 4)
+                return partial;
+            unsigned char c2 = frm_nxt[1];
+            unsigned char c3 = frm_nxt[2];
+            unsigned char c4 = frm_nxt[3];
+            switch (c1)
+            {
+            case 0xF0:
+                if (!(0x90 <= c2 && c2 <= 0xBF))
+                    return error;
+                 break;
+            case 0xF4:
+                if ((c2 & 0xF0) != 0x80)
+                    return error;
+                 break;
+            default:
+                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                    return error;
+                 break;
+            }
+            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80 || (c4 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                return error;
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 2)
+                return partial;
+            *to_nxt = static_cast<intern_type>(
+                    0xD800
+                  | (((((c1 & 0x07) << 2) | ((c2 & 0x30) >> 4)) - 1) << 6)
+                  | ((c2 & 0x0F) << 2)
+                  | ((c3 & 0x30) >> 4));
+            *++to_nxt = static_cast<intern_type>(
+                    0xDC00
+                  | ((c3 & 0x0F) << 6)
+                  |  (c4 & 0x3F));
+            frm_nxt += 4;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return error;
+        }
+    }
+    return frm_nxt < frm_end ? partial : ok;
+}
+
+codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::result
+codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_unshift(state_type&,
+    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
+{
+    to_nxt = to;
+    return noconv;
+}
+
+int
+codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_encoding() const throw()
+{
+    return 0;
+}
+
+bool
+codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_always_noconv() const throw()
+{
+    return false;
+}
+
+int
+codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_length(state_type&,
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const
+{
+    const extern_type* frm_nxt = frm;
+    for (size_t nchar16_t = 0; frm_nxt < frm_end && nchar16_t < mx; ++nchar16_t)
+    {
+        unsigned char c1 = static_cast<unsigned char>(*frm_nxt);
+        if (c1 < 0x80)
+        {
+            ++frm_nxt;
+        }
+        else if (c1 < 0xC2)
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+        else if (c1 < 0xE0)
+        {
+            if ((frm_end-frm_nxt < 2) || (frm_nxt[1] & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                break;
+            frm_nxt += 2;
+        }
+        else if (c1 < 0xF0)
+        {
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 3)
+                break;
+            unsigned char c2 = frm_nxt[1];
+            unsigned char c3 = frm_nxt[2];
+            switch (c1)
+            {
+            case 0xE0:
+                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0xA0)
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
+                break;
+            case 0xED:
+                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0x80)
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
+                 break;
+            default:
+                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
+                 break;
+            }
+            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                break;
+            frm_nxt += 3;
+        }
+        else if (c1 < 0xF5)
+        {
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 4 || mx-nchar16_t < 2)
+                break;
+            unsigned char c2 = frm_nxt[1];
+            unsigned char c3 = frm_nxt[2];
+            unsigned char c4 = frm_nxt[3];
+            switch (c1)
+            {
+            case 0xF0:
+                if (!(0x90 <= c2 && c2 <= 0xBF))
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
+                 break;
+            case 0xF4:
+                if ((c2 & 0xF0) != 0x80)
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
+                 break;
+            default:
+                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
+                 break;
+            }
+            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80 || (c4 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                break;
+            ++nchar16_t;
+            frm_nxt += 4;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
+}
+
+int
+codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_max_length() const throw()
+{
+    return 4;
+}
+
+// template <> class codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>
+
+locale::id codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::id; 
+
+codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::~codecvt()
+{
+}
+
+codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::result
+codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_out(state_type&,
+    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
+{
+    for (frm_nxt = frm, to_nxt = to; frm_nxt < frm_end; ++frm_nxt)
+    {
+        intern_type wc = *frm_nxt;
+        if ((wc & 0xFFFFF800) == 0x00D800 || wc >= 0x110000)
+            return error;
+        if (wc < 0x000080)
+        {
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 1)
+                return partial;
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(wc);
+        }
+        else if (wc < 0x000800)
+        {
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 2)
+                return partial;
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0xC0 | (wc >> 6));
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0x80 | (wc & 0x03F));
+        }
+        else if (wc < 0x010000)
+        {
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 3)
+                return partial;
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0xE0 |  (wc >> 12));
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0x80 | ((wc & 0x0FC0) >> 6));
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0x80 |  (wc & 0x003F));
+        }
+        else // if (wc < 0x110000)
+        {
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 4)
+                return partial;
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0xF0 |  (wc >> 18));
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0x80 | ((wc & 0x03F000) >> 12));
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0x80 | ((wc & 0x000FC0) >> 6));
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0x80 |  (wc & 0x00003F));
+        }
+    }
+    return ok;
+}
+
+codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::result
+codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_in(state_type&,
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const
+{
+    for (frm_nxt = frm, to_nxt = to; frm_nxt < frm_end && to_nxt < to_end; ++to_nxt)
+    {
+        unsigned char c1 = static_cast<unsigned char>(*frm_nxt);
+        if (c1 < 0x80)
+        {
+            *to_nxt = static_cast<intern_type>(c1);
+            ++frm_nxt;
+        }
+        else if (c1 < 0xC2)
+        {
+            return error;
+        }
+        else if (c1 < 0xE0)
+        {
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 2)
+                return partial;
+            unsigned char c2 = frm_nxt[1];
+            if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                return error;
+            *to_nxt = static_cast<intern_type>(((c1 & 0x1F) << 6)
+                                              | (c2 & 0x3F));
+            frm_nxt += 2;
+        }
+        else if (c1 < 0xF0)
+        {
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 3)
+                return partial;
+            unsigned char c2 = frm_nxt[1];
+            unsigned char c3 = frm_nxt[2];
+            switch (c1)
+            {
+            case 0xE0:
+                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0xA0)
+                    return error;
+                 break;
+            case 0xED:
+                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0x80)
+                    return error;
+                 break;
+            default:
+                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                    return error;
+                 break;
+            }
+            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                return error;
+            *to_nxt = static_cast<intern_type>(((c1 & 0x0F) << 12)
+                                             | ((c2 & 0x3F) << 6)
+                                             |  (c3 & 0x3F));
+            frm_nxt += 3;
+        }
+        else if (c1 < 0xF5)
+        {
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 4)
+                return partial;
+            unsigned char c2 = frm_nxt[1];
+            unsigned char c3 = frm_nxt[2];
+            unsigned char c4 = frm_nxt[3];
+            switch (c1)
+            {
+            case 0xF0:
+                if (!(0x90 <= c2 && c2 <= 0xBF))
+                    return error;
+                 break;
+            case 0xF4:
+                if ((c2 & 0xF0) != 0x80)
+                    return error;
+                 break;
+            default:
+                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                    return error;
+                 break;
+            }
+            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80 || (c4 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                return error;
+            *to_nxt = static_cast<intern_type>(((c1 & 0x07) << 18)
+                                             | ((c2 & 0x3F) << 12)
+                                             | ((c3 & 0x3F) << 6)
+                                             |  (c4 & 0x3F));
+            frm_nxt += 4;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return error;
+        }
+    }
+    return frm_nxt < frm_end ? partial : ok;
+}
+
+codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::result
+codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_unshift(state_type&,
+    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
+{
+    to_nxt = to;
+    return noconv;
+}
+
+int
+codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_encoding() const throw()
+{
+    return 0;
+}
+
+bool
+codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_always_noconv() const throw()
+{
+    return false;
+}
+
+int
+codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_length(state_type&,
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const
+{
+    const extern_type* frm_nxt = frm;
+    for (size_t nchar32_t = 0; frm_nxt < frm_end && nchar32_t < mx; ++nchar32_t)
+    {
+        unsigned char c1 = static_cast<unsigned char>(*frm_nxt);
+        if (c1 < 0x80)
+        {
+            ++frm_nxt;
+        }
+        else if (c1 < 0xC2)
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+        else if (c1 < 0xE0)
+        {
+            if ((frm_end-frm_nxt < 2) || ((frm_nxt[1] & 0xC0) != 0x80))
+                break;
+            frm_nxt += 2;
+        }
+        else if (c1 < 0xF0)
+        {
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 3)
+                break;
+            unsigned char c2 = frm_nxt[1];
+            unsigned char c3 = frm_nxt[2];
+            switch (c1)
+            {
+            case 0xE0:
+                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0xA0)
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
+                break;
+            case 0xED:
+                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0x80)
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
+                 break;
+            default:
+                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
+                 break;
+            }
+            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                break;
+            frm_nxt += 3;
+        }
+        else if (c1 < 0xF5)
+        {
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 4)
+                break;
+            unsigned char c2 = frm_nxt[1];
+            unsigned char c3 = frm_nxt[2];
+            unsigned char c4 = frm_nxt[3];
+            switch (c1)
+            {
+            case 0xF0:
+                if (!(0x90 <= c2 && c2 <= 0xBF))
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
+                 break;
+            case 0xF4:
+                if ((c2 & 0xF0) != 0x80)
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
+                 break;
+            default:
+                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
+                 break;
+            }
+            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80 || (c4 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                break;
+            frm_nxt += 4;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
+}
+
+int
+codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_max_length() const throw()
+{
+    return 4;
+}
+
+// template <> class codecvt<char32_t, char16_t, mbstate_t>
+
+locale::id codecvt<char32_t, char16_t, mbstate_t>::id; 
+
+codecvt<char32_t, char16_t, mbstate_t>::~codecvt()
+{
+}
+
+codecvt<char32_t, char16_t, mbstate_t>::result
+codecvt<char32_t, char16_t, mbstate_t>::do_out(state_type&,
+    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
+{
+    for (frm_nxt = frm, to_nxt = to; frm_nxt < frm_end; ++frm_nxt)
+    {
+        intern_type wc = *frm_nxt;
+        if ((wc & 0xFFFFF800) == 0x00D800 || wc >= 0x110000)
+            return error;
+        if (wc < 0x010000)
+        {
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 1)
+                return partial;
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(wc);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 2)
+                return partial;
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(
+                    0xD800
+                  | ((((wc & 0x1F0000) >> 16) - 1) << 6)
+                  |   ((wc & 0x00FC00) >> 10));
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(
+                    0xDC00
+                  | (wc & 0x03FF));
+        }
+    }
+    return ok;
+}
+
+codecvt<char32_t, char16_t, mbstate_t>::result
+codecvt<char32_t, char16_t, mbstate_t>::do_in(state_type&,
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const
+{
+    for (frm_nxt = frm, to_nxt = to; frm_nxt < frm_end && to_nxt < to_end; ++to_nxt)
+    {
+        extern_type c1 = *frm_nxt;
+        if ((c1 & 0xFC00) == 0xDC00)
+            return error;
+        if ((c1 & 0xFC00) != 0xD800)
+        {
+            *to_nxt = static_cast<intern_type>(c1);
+            ++frm_nxt;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 2)
+                return partial;
+            extern_type c2 = frm_nxt[1];
+            if ((c2 & 0xFC00) != 0xDC00)
+                return error;
+            *to_nxt = static_cast<intern_type>(
+                    ((((c1 & 0x03C0) >> 6) + 1) << 16)
+                  |   ((c1 & 0x003F) << 10)
+                  |    (c2 & 0x03FF));
+            frm_nxt += 2;
+        }
+    }
+    return frm_nxt < frm_end ? partial : ok;
+}
+
+codecvt<char32_t, char16_t, mbstate_t>::result
+codecvt<char32_t, char16_t, mbstate_t>::do_unshift(state_type&,
+    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
+{
+    to_nxt = to;
+    return noconv;
+}
+
+int
+codecvt<char32_t, char16_t, mbstate_t>::do_encoding() const throw()
+{
+    return 0;
+}
+
+bool
+codecvt<char32_t, char16_t, mbstate_t>::do_always_noconv() const throw()
+{
+    return false;
+}
+
+int
+codecvt<char32_t, char16_t, mbstate_t>::do_length(state_type&,
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const
+{
+    const extern_type* frm_nxt = frm;
+    for (size_t nchar32_t = 0; frm_nxt < frm_end && nchar32_t < mx; ++nchar32_t)
+    {
+        extern_type c1 = *frm_nxt;
+        if ((c1 & 0xFC00) == 0xDC00)
+            break;
+        if ((c1 & 0xFC00) != 0xD800)
+        {
+            ++frm_nxt;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if ((frm_end-frm_nxt < 2) || (frm_nxt[1] & 0xFC00) != 0xDC00)
+                break;
+            frm_nxt += 2;
+        }
+    }
+    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
+}
+
+int
+codecvt<char32_t, char16_t, mbstate_t>::do_max_length() const throw()
+{
+    return 2;
+}
+
+// __narrow_to_utf8<16>
+
+__narrow_to_utf8<16>::~__narrow_to_utf8()
+{
+}
+
+// __narrow_to_utf8<32>
+
+__narrow_to_utf8<32>::~__narrow_to_utf8()
+{
+}
+
+// __widen_from_utf8<16>
+
+__widen_from_utf8<16>::~__widen_from_utf8()
+{
+}
+
+// __widen_from_utf8<32>
+
+__widen_from_utf8<32>::~__widen_from_utf8()
+{
+}
+
+// numpunct<char> && numpunct<wchar_t>
+
+locale::id numpunct< char  >::id;
+locale::id numpunct<wchar_t>::id;
+
+numpunct<char>::numpunct(size_t refs)
+    : locale::facet(refs),
+      __decimal_point_('.'),
+      __thousands_sep_(',')
+{
+}
+
+numpunct<wchar_t>::numpunct(size_t refs)
+    : locale::facet(refs),
+      __decimal_point_(L'.'),
+      __thousands_sep_(L',')
+{
+}
+
+numpunct<char>::~numpunct()
+{
+}
+
+numpunct<wchar_t>::~numpunct()
+{
+}
+
+ char   numpunct< char  >::do_decimal_point() const {return __decimal_point_;}
+wchar_t numpunct<wchar_t>::do_decimal_point() const {return __decimal_point_;}
+
+ char   numpunct< char  >::do_thousands_sep() const {return __thousands_sep_;}
+wchar_t numpunct<wchar_t>::do_thousands_sep() const {return __thousands_sep_;}
+
+string numpunct< char  >::do_grouping() const {return __grouping_;}
+string numpunct<wchar_t>::do_grouping() const {return __grouping_;}
+
+ string numpunct< char  >::do_truename() const {return "true";}
+wstring numpunct<wchar_t>::do_truename() const {return L"true";}
+
+ string numpunct< char  >::do_falsename() const {return "false";}
+wstring numpunct<wchar_t>::do_falsename() const {return L"false";}
+
+// numpunct_byname<char>
+
+numpunct_byname<char>::numpunct_byname(const char* nm, size_t refs)
+    : numpunct<char>(refs)
+{
+    __init(nm);
+}
+
+numpunct_byname<char>::numpunct_byname(const string& nm, size_t refs)
+    : numpunct<char>(refs)
+{
+    __init(nm.c_str());
+}
+
+numpunct_byname<char>::~numpunct_byname()
+{
+}
+
+void
+numpunct_byname<char>::__init(const char* nm)
+{
+    if (strcmp(nm, "C") != 0)
+    {
+        unique_ptr<_xlocale, int(*)(locale_t)>  loc(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, nm, 0), freelocale);
+        if (loc == 0)
+            throw runtime_error("numpunct_byname<char>::numpunct_byname"
+                                " failed to construct for " + string(nm));
+        lconv* lc = localeconv_l(loc.get());
+        if (*lc->decimal_point)
+            __decimal_point_ = *lc->decimal_point;
+        if (*lc->thousands_sep)
+            __thousands_sep_ = *lc->thousands_sep;
+        __grouping_ = lc->grouping;
+        // locallization for truename and falsename is not available
+    }
+}
+
+// numpunct_byname<wchar_t>
+
+numpunct_byname<wchar_t>::numpunct_byname(const char* nm, size_t refs)
+    : numpunct<wchar_t>(refs)
+{
+    __init(nm);
+}
+
+numpunct_byname<wchar_t>::numpunct_byname(const string& nm, size_t refs)
+    : numpunct<wchar_t>(refs)
+{
+    __init(nm.c_str());
+}
+
+numpunct_byname<wchar_t>::~numpunct_byname()
+{
+}
+
+void
+numpunct_byname<wchar_t>::__init(const char* nm)
+{
+    if (strcmp(nm, "C") != 0)
+    {
+        unique_ptr<_xlocale, int(*)(locale_t)>  loc(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, nm, 0), freelocale);
+        if (loc == 0)
+            throw runtime_error("numpunct_byname<char>::numpunct_byname"
+                                " failed to construct for " + string(nm));
+        lconv* lc = localeconv_l(loc.get());
+        if (*lc->decimal_point)
+            __decimal_point_ = *lc->decimal_point;
+        if (*lc->thousands_sep)
+            __thousands_sep_ = *lc->thousands_sep;
+        __grouping_ = lc->grouping;
+        // locallization for truename and falsename is not available
+    }
+}
+
+// num_get helpers
+
+int
+__num_get_base::__get_base(ios_base& iob)
+{
+    ios_base::fmtflags __basefield = iob.flags() & ios_base::basefield;
+    if (__basefield == ios_base::oct)
+        return 8;
+    else if (__basefield == ios_base::hex)
+        return 16;
+    else if (__basefield == 0)
+        return 0;
+    return 10;
+}
+
+const char __num_get_base::__src[33] = "0123456789abcdefABCDEFxX+-pPiInN";
+
+void
+__check_grouping(const string& __grouping, unsigned* __g, unsigned* __g_end,
+                 ios_base::iostate& __err)
+{
+    if (__grouping.size() != 0)
+    {
+        reverse(__g, __g_end);
+        const char* __ig = __grouping.data();
+        const char* __eg = __ig + __grouping.size();
+        for (unsigned* __r = __g; __r < __g_end-1; ++__r)
+        {
+            if (0 < *__ig && *__ig < numeric_limits<char>::max())
+            {
+                if (*__ig != *__r)
+                {
+                    __err = ios_base::failbit;
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            if (__eg - __ig > 1)
+                ++__ig;
+        }
+        if (0 < *__ig && *__ig < numeric_limits<char>::max())
+        {
+            if (*__ig < __g_end[-1] || __g_end[-1] == 0)
+                __err = ios_base::failbit;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void
+__num_put_base::__format_int(char* __fmtp, const char* __len, bool __signd,
+                             ios_base::fmtflags __flags)
+{
+    if (__flags & ios_base::showpos)
+        *__fmtp++ = '+';
+    if (__flags & ios_base::showbase)
+        *__fmtp++ = '#';
+    while(*__len)
+        *__fmtp++ = *__len++;
+    if ((__flags & ios_base::basefield) == ios_base::oct)
+        *__fmtp = 'o';
+    else if ((__flags & ios_base::basefield) == ios_base::hex)
+    {
+        if (__flags & ios_base::uppercase)
+            *__fmtp = 'X';
+        else
+            *__fmtp = 'x';
+    }
+    else if (__signd)
+        *__fmtp = 'd';
+    else
+        *__fmtp = 'u';
+}
+
+bool
+__num_put_base::__format_float(char* __fmtp, const char* __len,
+                               ios_base::fmtflags __flags)
+{
+    bool specify_precision = true;
+    if (__flags & ios_base::showpos)
+        *__fmtp++ = '+';
+    if (__flags & ios_base::showpoint)
+        *__fmtp++ = '#';
+    ios_base::fmtflags floatfield = __flags & ios_base::floatfield;
+    bool uppercase = __flags & ios_base::uppercase;
+    if (floatfield == (ios_base::fixed | ios_base::scientific))
+        specify_precision = false;
+    else
+    {
+        *__fmtp++ = '.';
+        *__fmtp++ = '*';
+    }
+    while(*__len)
+        *__fmtp++ = *__len++;
+    if (floatfield == ios_base::fixed)
+    {
+        if (uppercase)
+            *__fmtp = 'F';
+        else
+            *__fmtp = 'f';
+    }
+    else if (floatfield == ios_base::scientific)
+    {
+        if (uppercase)
+            *__fmtp = 'E';
+        else
+            *__fmtp = 'e';
+    }
+    else if (floatfield == (ios_base::fixed | ios_base::scientific))
+    {
+        if (uppercase)
+            *__fmtp = 'A';
+        else
+            *__fmtp = 'a';
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if (uppercase)
+            *__fmtp = 'G';
+        else
+            *__fmtp = 'g';
+    }
+    return specify_precision;
+}
+
+char*
+__num_put_base::__identify_padding(char* __nb, char* __ne,
+                                   const ios_base& __iob)
+{
+    switch (__iob.flags() & ios_base::adjustfield)
+    {
+    case ios_base::internal:
+        if (__nb[0] == '-' || __nb[0] == '+')
+            return __nb+1;
+        if (__ne - __nb >= 2 && __nb[0] == '0'
+                            && (__nb[1] == 'x' || __nb[1] == 'X'))
+            return __nb+2;
+        break;
+    case ios_base::left:
+        return __ne;
+    case ios_base::right:
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+    return __nb;
+}
+
+// time_get
+
+static
+string*
+init_weeks()
+{
+    static string weeks[14];
+    weeks[0]  = "Sunday";
+    weeks[1]  = "Monday";
+    weeks[2]  = "Tuesday";
+    weeks[3]  = "Wednesday";
+    weeks[4]  = "Thursday";
+    weeks[5]  = "Friday";
+    weeks[6]  = "Saturday";
+    weeks[7]  = "Sun";
+    weeks[8]  = "Mon";
+    weeks[9]  = "Tue";
+    weeks[10] = "Wed";
+    weeks[11] = "Thu";
+    weeks[12] = "Fri";
+    weeks[13] = "Sat";
+    return weeks;
+}
+
+static
+wstring*
+init_wweeks()
+{
+    static wstring weeks[14];
+    weeks[0]  = L"Sunday";
+    weeks[1]  = L"Monday";
+    weeks[2]  = L"Tuesday";
+    weeks[3]  = L"Wednesday";
+    weeks[4]  = L"Thursday";
+    weeks[5]  = L"Friday";
+    weeks[6]  = L"Saturday";
+    weeks[7]  = L"Sun";
+    weeks[8]  = L"Mon";
+    weeks[9]  = L"Tue";
+    weeks[10] = L"Wed";
+    weeks[11] = L"Thu";
+    weeks[12] = L"Fri";
+    weeks[13] = L"Sat";
+    return weeks;
+}
+
+template <>
+const string*
+__time_get_c_storage<char>::__weeks() const
+{
+    static const string* weeks = init_weeks();
+    return weeks;
+}
+
+template <>
+const wstring*
+__time_get_c_storage<wchar_t>::__weeks() const
+{
+    static const wstring* weeks = init_wweeks();
+    return weeks;
+}
+
+static
+string*
+init_months()
+{
+    static string months[24];
+    months[0]  = "January";
+    months[1]  = "February";
+    months[2]  = "March";
+    months[3]  = "April";
+    months[4]  = "May";
+    months[5]  = "June";
+    months[6]  = "July";
+    months[7]  = "August";
+    months[8]  = "September";
+    months[9]  = "October";
+    months[10] = "November";
+    months[11] = "December";
+    months[12] = "Jan";
+    months[13] = "Feb";
+    months[14] = "Mar";
+    months[15] = "Apr";
+    months[16] = "May";
+    months[17] = "Jun";
+    months[18] = "Jul";
+    months[19] = "Aug";
+    months[20] = "Sep";
+    months[21] = "Oct";
+    months[22] = "Nov";
+    months[23] = "Dec";
+    return months;
+}
+
+static
+wstring*
+init_wmonths()
+{
+    static wstring months[24];
+    months[0]  = L"January";
+    months[1]  = L"February";
+    months[2]  = L"March";
+    months[3]  = L"April";
+    months[4]  = L"May";
+    months[5]  = L"June";
+    months[6]  = L"July";
+    months[7]  = L"August";
+    months[8]  = L"September";
+    months[9]  = L"October";
+    months[10] = L"November";
+    months[11] = L"December";
+    months[12] = L"Jan";
+    months[13] = L"Feb";
+    months[14] = L"Mar";
+    months[15] = L"Apr";
+    months[16] = L"May";
+    months[17] = L"Jun";
+    months[18] = L"Jul";
+    months[19] = L"Aug";
+    months[20] = L"Sep";
+    months[21] = L"Oct";
+    months[22] = L"Nov";
+    months[23] = L"Dec";
+    return months;
+}
+
+template <>
+const string*
+__time_get_c_storage<char>::__months() const
+{
+    static const string* months = init_months();
+    return months;
+}
+
+template <>
+const wstring*
+__time_get_c_storage<wchar_t>::__months() const
+{
+    static const wstring* months = init_wmonths();
+    return months;
+}
+
+static
+string*
+init_am_pm()
+{
+    static string am_pm[24];
+    am_pm[0]  = "AM";
+    am_pm[1]  = "PM";
+    return am_pm;
+}
+
+static
+wstring*
+init_wam_pm()
+{
+    static wstring am_pm[24];
+    am_pm[0]  = L"AM";
+    am_pm[1]  = L"PM";
+    return am_pm;
+}
+
+template <>
+const string*
+__time_get_c_storage<char>::__am_pm() const
+{
+    static const string* am_pm = init_am_pm();
+    return am_pm;
+}
+
+template <>
+const wstring*
+__time_get_c_storage<wchar_t>::__am_pm() const
+{
+    static const wstring* am_pm = init_wam_pm();
+    return am_pm;
+}
+
+template <>
+const string&
+__time_get_c_storage<char>::__x() const
+{
+    static string s("%m/%d/%y");
+    return s;
+}
+
+template <>
+const wstring&
+__time_get_c_storage<wchar_t>::__x() const
+{
+    static wstring s(L"%m/%d/%y");
+    return s;
+}
+
+template <>
+const string&
+__time_get_c_storage<char>::__X() const
+{
+    static string s("%H:%M:%S");
+    return s;
+}
+
+template <>
+const wstring&
+__time_get_c_storage<wchar_t>::__X() const
+{
+    static wstring s(L"%H:%M:%S");
+    return s;
+}
+
+template <>
+const string&
+__time_get_c_storage<char>::__c() const
+{
+    static string s("%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y");
+    return s;
+}
+
+template <>
+const wstring&
+__time_get_c_storage<wchar_t>::__c() const
+{
+    static wstring s(L"%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y");
+    return s;
+}
+
+template <>
+const string&
+__time_get_c_storage<char>::__r() const
+{
+    static string s("%I:%M:%S %p");
+    return s;
+}
+
+template <>
+const wstring&
+__time_get_c_storage<wchar_t>::__r() const
+{
+    static wstring s(L"%I:%M:%S %p");
+    return s;
+}
+
+// time_get_byname
+
+__time_get::__time_get(const char* nm)
+    : __loc_(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, nm, 0))
+{
+    if (__loc_ == 0)
+        throw runtime_error("time_get_byname"
+                            " failed to construct for " + string(nm));
+}
+
+__time_get::__time_get(const string& nm)
+    : __loc_(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, nm.c_str(), 0))
+{
+    if (__loc_ == 0)
+        throw runtime_error("time_get_byname"
+                            " failed to construct for " + nm);
+}
+
+__time_get::~__time_get()
+{
+    freelocale(__loc_);
+}
+
+template <>
+string
+__time_get_storage<char>::__analyze(char fmt, const ctype<char>& ct)
+{
+    tm t;
+    t.tm_sec = 59;
+    t.tm_min = 55;
+    t.tm_hour = 23;
+    t.tm_mday = 31;
+    t.tm_mon = 11;
+    t.tm_year = 161;
+    t.tm_wday = 6;
+    t.tm_yday = 364;
+    t.tm_isdst = -1;
+    char buf[100];
+    char f[3] = {0};
+    f[0] = '%';
+    f[1] = fmt;
+    size_t n = strftime_l(buf, 100, f, &t, __loc_);
+    char* bb = buf;
+    char* be = buf + n;
+    string result;
+    while (bb != be)
+    {
+        if (ct.is(ctype_base::space, *bb))
+        {
+            result.push_back(' ');
+            for (++bb; bb != be && ct.is(ctype_base::space, *bb); ++bb)
+                ;
+            continue;
+        }
+        char* w = bb;
+        ios_base::iostate err = ios_base::goodbit;
+        int i = __scan_keyword(w, be, this->__weeks_, this->__weeks_+14,
+                               ct, err, false)
+                               - this->__weeks_;
+        if (i < 14)
+        {
+            result.push_back('%');
+            if (i < 7)
+                result.push_back('A');
+            else
+                result.push_back('a');
+            bb = w;
+            continue;
+        }
+        w = bb;
+        i = __scan_keyword(w, be, this->__months_, this->__months_+24,
+                           ct, err, false)
+                           - this->__months_;
+        if (i < 24)
+        {
+            result.push_back('%');
+            if (i < 12)
+                result.push_back('B');
+            else
+                result.push_back('b');
+            if (fmt == 'x' && ct.is(ctype_base::digit, this->__months_[i][0]))
+                result.back() = 'm';
+            bb = w;
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (this->__am_pm_[0].size() + this->__am_pm_[1].size() > 0)
+        {
+            w = bb;
+            i = __scan_keyword(w, be, this->__am_pm_, this->__am_pm_+2,
+                               ct, err, false) - this->__am_pm_;
+            if (i < 2)
+            {
+                result.push_back('%');
+                result.push_back('p');
+                bb = w;
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+        w = bb;
+        if (ct.is(ctype_base::digit, *bb))
+        {
+            switch(__get_up_to_n_digits(bb, be, err, ct, 4))
+            {
+            case 6:
+                result.push_back('%');
+                result.push_back('w');
+                break;
+            case 7:
+                result.push_back('%');
+                result.push_back('u');
+                break;
+            case 11:
+                result.push_back('%');
+                result.push_back('I');
+                break;
+            case 12:
+                result.push_back('%');
+                result.push_back('m');
+                break;
+            case 23:
+                result.push_back('%');
+                result.push_back('H');
+                break;
+            case 31:
+                result.push_back('%');
+                result.push_back('d');
+                break;
+            case 55:
+                result.push_back('%');
+                result.push_back('M');
+                break;
+            case 59:
+                result.push_back('%');
+                result.push_back('S');
+                break;
+            case 61:
+                result.push_back('%');
+                result.push_back('y');
+                break;
+            case 364:
+                result.push_back('%');
+                result.push_back('j');
+                break;
+            case 2061:
+                result.push_back('%');
+                result.push_back('Y');
+                break;
+            default:
+                for (; w != bb; ++w)
+                    result.push_back(*w);
+                break;
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (*bb == '%')
+        {
+            result.push_back('%');
+            result.push_back('%');
+            ++bb;
+            continue;
+        }
+        result.push_back(*bb);
+        ++bb;
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+template <>
+wstring
+__time_get_storage<wchar_t>::__analyze(char fmt, const ctype<wchar_t>& ct)
+{
+    tm t;
+    t.tm_sec = 59;
+    t.tm_min = 55;
+    t.tm_hour = 23;
+    t.tm_mday = 31;
+    t.tm_mon = 11;
+    t.tm_year = 161;
+    t.tm_wday = 6;
+    t.tm_yday = 364;
+    t.tm_isdst = -1;
+    char buf[100];
+    char f[3] = {0};
+    f[0] = '%';
+    f[1] = fmt;
+    size_t be = strftime_l(buf, 100, f, &t, __loc_);
+    wchar_t wbuf[100];
+    wchar_t* wbb = wbuf;
+    mbstate_t mb = {0};
+    const char* bb = buf;
+    size_t i = mbsrtowcs_l(wbb, &bb, sizeof(wbuf)/sizeof(wbuf[0]), &mb, __loc_);
+    if (i == -1)
+        __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
+    wchar_t* wbe = wbb + i;
+    wstring result;
+    while (wbb != wbe)
+    {
+        if (ct.is(ctype_base::space, *wbb))
+        {
+            result.push_back(L' ');
+            for (++wbb; wbb != wbe && ct.is(ctype_base::space, *wbb); ++wbb)
+                ;
+            continue;
+        }
+        wchar_t* w = wbb;
+        ios_base::iostate err = ios_base::goodbit;
+        int i = __scan_keyword(w, wbe, this->__weeks_, this->__weeks_+14,
+                               ct, err, false)
+                               - this->__weeks_;
+        if (i < 14)
+        {
+            result.push_back(L'%');
+            if (i < 7)
+                result.push_back(L'A');
+            else
+                result.push_back(L'a');
+            wbb = w;
+            continue;
+        }
+        w = wbb;
+        i = __scan_keyword(w, wbe, this->__months_, this->__months_+24,
+                           ct, err, false)
+                           - this->__months_;
+        if (i < 24)
+        {
+            result.push_back(L'%');
+            if (i < 12)
+                result.push_back(L'B');
+            else
+                result.push_back(L'b');
+            if (fmt == 'x' && ct.is(ctype_base::digit, this->__months_[i][0]))
+                result.back() = L'm';
+            wbb = w;
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (this->__am_pm_[0].size() + this->__am_pm_[1].size() > 0)
+        {
+            w = wbb;
+            i = __scan_keyword(w, wbe, this->__am_pm_, this->__am_pm_+2,
+                               ct, err, false) - this->__am_pm_;
+            if (i < 2)
+            {
+                result.push_back(L'%');
+                result.push_back(L'p');
+                wbb = w;
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+        w = wbb;
+        if (ct.is(ctype_base::digit, *wbb))
+        {
+            switch(__get_up_to_n_digits(wbb, wbe, err, ct, 4))
+            {
+            case 6:
+                result.push_back(L'%');
+                result.push_back(L'w');
+                break;
+            case 7:
+                result.push_back(L'%');
+                result.push_back(L'u');
+                break;
+            case 11:
+                result.push_back(L'%');
+                result.push_back(L'I');
+                break;
+            case 12:
+                result.push_back(L'%');
+                result.push_back(L'm');
+                break;
+            case 23:
+                result.push_back(L'%');
+                result.push_back(L'H');
+                break;
+            case 31:
+                result.push_back(L'%');
+                result.push_back(L'd');
+                break;
+            case 55:
+                result.push_back(L'%');
+                result.push_back(L'M');
+                break;
+            case 59:
+                result.push_back(L'%');
+                result.push_back(L'S');
+                break;
+            case 61:
+                result.push_back(L'%');
+                result.push_back(L'y');
+                break;
+            case 364:
+                result.push_back(L'%');
+                result.push_back(L'j');
+                break;
+            case 2061:
+                result.push_back(L'%');
+                result.push_back(L'Y');
+                break;
+            default:
+                for (; w != wbb; ++w)
+                    result.push_back(*w);
+                break;
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (ct.narrow(*wbb, 0) == '%')
+        {
+            result.push_back(L'%');
+            result.push_back(L'%');
+            ++wbb;
+            continue;
+        }
+        result.push_back(*wbb);
+        ++wbb;
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+template <>
+void
+__time_get_storage<char>::init(const ctype<char>& ct)
+{
+    tm t;
+    char buf[100];
+    // __weeks_
+    for (int i = 0; i < 7; ++i)
+    {
+        t.tm_wday = i;
+        strftime_l(buf, 100, "%A", &t, __loc_);
+        __weeks_[i] = buf;
+        strftime_l(buf, 100, "%a", &t, __loc_);
+        __weeks_[i+7] = buf;
+    }
+    // __months_
+    for (int i = 0; i < 12; ++i)
+    {
+        t.tm_mon = i;
+        strftime_l(buf, 100, "%B", &t, __loc_);
+        __months_[i] = buf;
+        strftime_l(buf, 100, "%b", &t, __loc_);
+        __months_[i+12] = buf;
+    }
+    // __am_pm_
+    t.tm_hour = 1;
+    strftime_l(buf, 100, "%p", &t, __loc_);
+    __am_pm_[0] = buf;
+    t.tm_hour = 13;
+    strftime_l(buf, 100, "%p", &t, __loc_);
+    __am_pm_[1] = buf;
+    __c_ = __analyze('c', ct);
+    __r_ = __analyze('r', ct);
+    __x_ = __analyze('x', ct);
+    __X_ = __analyze('X', ct);
+}
+
+template <>
+void
+__time_get_storage<wchar_t>::init(const ctype<wchar_t>& ct)
+{
+    tm t = {0};
+    char buf[100];
+    size_t be;
+    wchar_t wbuf[100];
+    wchar_t* wbe;
+    mbstate_t mb = {0};
+    // __weeks_
+    for (int i = 0; i < 7; ++i)
+    {
+        t.tm_wday = i;
+        be = strftime_l(buf, 100, "%A", &t, __loc_);
+        mb = mbstate_t();
+        const char* bb = buf;
+        size_t j = mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, sizeof(wbuf)/sizeof(wbuf[0]), &mb, __loc_);
+        if (j == -1)
+            __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
+        wbe = wbuf + j;
+        __weeks_[i].assign(wbuf, wbe);
+        be = strftime_l(buf, 100, "%a", &t, __loc_);
+        mb = mbstate_t();
+        bb = buf;
+        j = mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, sizeof(wbuf)/sizeof(wbuf[0]), &mb, __loc_);
+        if (j == -1)
+            __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
+        wbe = wbuf + j;
+        __weeks_[i+7].assign(wbuf, wbe);
+    }
+    // __months_
+    for (int i = 0; i < 12; ++i)
+    {
+        t.tm_mon = i;
+        be = strftime_l(buf, 100, "%B", &t, __loc_);
+        mb = mbstate_t();
+        const char* bb = buf;
+        size_t j = mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, sizeof(wbuf)/sizeof(wbuf[0]), &mb, __loc_);
+        if (j == -1)
+            __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
+        wbe = wbuf + j;
+        __months_[i].assign(wbuf, wbe);
+        be = strftime_l(buf, 100, "%b", &t, __loc_);
+        mb = mbstate_t();
+        bb = buf;
+        j = mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, sizeof(wbuf)/sizeof(wbuf[0]), &mb, __loc_);
+        if (j == -1)
+            __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
+        wbe = wbuf + j;
+        __months_[i+12].assign(wbuf, wbe);
+    }
+    // __am_pm_
+    t.tm_hour = 1;
+    be = strftime_l(buf, 100, "%p", &t, __loc_);
+    mb = mbstate_t();
+    const char* bb = buf;
+    size_t j = mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, sizeof(wbuf)/sizeof(wbuf[0]), &mb, __loc_);
+    if (j == -1)
+        __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
+    wbe = wbuf + j;
+    __am_pm_[0].assign(wbuf, wbe);
+    t.tm_hour = 13;
+    be = strftime_l(buf, 100, "%p", &t, __loc_);
+    mb = mbstate_t();
+    bb = buf;
+    j = mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, sizeof(wbuf)/sizeof(wbuf[0]), &mb, __loc_);
+    if (j == -1)
+        __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
+    wbe = wbuf + j;
+    __am_pm_[1].assign(wbuf, wbe);
+    __c_ = __analyze('c', ct);
+    __r_ = __analyze('r', ct);
+    __x_ = __analyze('x', ct);
+    __X_ = __analyze('X', ct);
+}
+
+template <class CharT>
+struct _LIBCPP_HIDDEN __time_get_temp
+    : public ctype_byname<CharT>
+{
+    explicit __time_get_temp(const char* nm)
+        : ctype_byname<CharT>(nm, 1) {}
+    explicit __time_get_temp(const string& nm)
+        : ctype_byname<CharT>(nm, 1) {}
+};
+
+template <>
+__time_get_storage<char>::__time_get_storage(const char* __nm)
+    : __time_get(__nm)
+{
+    const __time_get_temp<char> ct(__nm);
+    init(ct);
+}
+
+template <>
+__time_get_storage<char>::__time_get_storage(const string& __nm)
+    : __time_get(__nm)
+{
+    const __time_get_temp<char> ct(__nm);
+    init(ct);
+}
+
+template <>
+__time_get_storage<wchar_t>::__time_get_storage(const char* __nm)
+    : __time_get(__nm)
+{
+    const __time_get_temp<wchar_t> ct(__nm);
+    init(ct);
+}
+
+template <>
+__time_get_storage<wchar_t>::__time_get_storage(const string& __nm)
+    : __time_get(__nm)
+{
+    const __time_get_temp<wchar_t> ct(__nm);
+    init(ct);
+}
+
+template <>
+time_base::dateorder
+__time_get_storage<char>::__do_date_order() const
+{
+    unsigned i;
+    for (i = 0; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
+        if (__x_[i] == '%')
+            break;
+    ++i;
+    switch (__x_[i])
+    {
+    case 'y':
+    case 'Y':
+        for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
+            if (__x_[i] == '%')
+                break;
+        if (i == __x_.size())
+            break;
+        ++i;
+        switch (__x_[i])
+        {
+        case 'm':
+            for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
+                if (__x_[i] == '%')
+                    break;
+            if (i == __x_.size())
+                break;
+            ++i;
+            if (__x_[i] == 'd')
+                return time_base::ymd;
+            break;
+        case 'd':
+            for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
+                if (__x_[i] == '%')
+                    break;
+            if (i == __x_.size())
+                break;
+            ++i;
+            if (__x_[i] == 'm')
+                return time_base::ydm;
+            break;
+        }
+        break;
+    case 'm':
+        for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
+            if (__x_[i] == '%')
+                break;
+        if (i == __x_.size())
+            break;
+        ++i;
+        if (__x_[i] == 'd')
+        {
+            for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
+                if (__x_[i] == '%')
+                    break;
+            if (i == __x_.size())
+                break;
+            ++i;
+            if (__x_[i] == 'y' || __x_[i] == 'Y')
+                return time_base::mdy;
+            break;
+        }
+        break;
+    case 'd':
+        for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
+            if (__x_[i] == '%')
+                break;
+        if (i == __x_.size())
+            break;
+        ++i;
+        if (__x_[i] == 'm')
+        {
+            for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
+                if (__x_[i] == '%')
+                    break;
+            if (i == __x_.size())
+                break;
+            ++i;
+            if (__x_[i] == 'y' || __x_[i] == 'Y')
+                return time_base::dmy;
+            break;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    return time_base::no_order;
+}
+
+template <>
+time_base::dateorder
+__time_get_storage<wchar_t>::__do_date_order() const
+{
+    unsigned i;
+    for (i = 0; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
+        if (__x_[i] == L'%')
+            break;
+    ++i;
+    switch (__x_[i])
+    {
+    case L'y':
+    case L'Y':
+        for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
+            if (__x_[i] == L'%')
+                break;
+        if (i == __x_.size())
+            break;
+        ++i;
+        switch (__x_[i])
+        {
+        case L'm':
+            for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
+                if (__x_[i] == L'%')
+                    break;
+            if (i == __x_.size())
+                break;
+            ++i;
+            if (__x_[i] == L'd')
+                return time_base::ymd;
+            break;
+        case L'd':
+            for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
+                if (__x_[i] == L'%')
+                    break;
+            if (i == __x_.size())
+                break;
+            ++i;
+            if (__x_[i] == L'm')
+                return time_base::ydm;
+            break;
+        }
+        break;
+    case L'm':
+        for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
+            if (__x_[i] == L'%')
+                break;
+        if (i == __x_.size())
+            break;
+        ++i;
+        if (__x_[i] == L'd')
+        {
+            for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
+                if (__x_[i] == L'%')
+                    break;
+            if (i == __x_.size())
+                break;
+            ++i;
+            if (__x_[i] == L'y' || __x_[i] == L'Y')
+                return time_base::mdy;
+            break;
+        }
+        break;
+    case L'd':
+        for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
+            if (__x_[i] == L'%')
+                break;
+        if (i == __x_.size())
+            break;
+        ++i;
+        if (__x_[i] == L'm')
+        {
+            for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
+                if (__x_[i] == L'%')
+                    break;
+            if (i == __x_.size())
+                break;
+            ++i;
+            if (__x_[i] == L'y' || __x_[i] == L'Y')
+                return time_base::dmy;
+            break;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    return time_base::no_order;
+}
+
+// time_put
+
+__time_put::__time_put(const char* nm)
+    : __loc_(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, nm, 0))
+{
+    if (__loc_ == 0)
+        throw runtime_error("time_put_byname"
+                            " failed to construct for " + string(nm));
+}
+
+__time_put::__time_put(const string& nm)
+    : __loc_(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, nm.c_str(), 0))
+{
+    if (__loc_ == 0)
+        throw runtime_error("time_put_byname"
+                            " failed to construct for " + nm);
+}
+
+__time_put::~__time_put()
+{
+    if (__loc_)
+        freelocale(__loc_);
+}
+
+void
+__time_put::__do_put(char* __nb, char*& __ne, const tm* __tm,
+                     char __fmt, char __mod) const
+{
+    char fmt[] = {'%', __fmt, __mod, 0};
+    if (__mod != 0)
+        swap(fmt[1], fmt[2]);
+    size_t n = strftime_l(__nb, __ne-__nb, fmt, __tm, __loc_);
+    __ne = __nb + n;
+}
+
+void
+__time_put::__do_put(wchar_t* __wb, wchar_t*& __we, const tm* __tm,
+                     char __fmt, char __mod) const
+{
+    char __nar[100];
+    char* __ne = __nar + 100;
+    __do_put(__nar, __ne, __tm, __fmt, __mod);
+    mbstate_t mb = {0};
+    const char* __nb = __nar;
+    size_t j = mbsrtowcs_l(__wb, &__nb, 100, &mb, __loc_);
+    if (j == -1)
+        __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
+    __we = __wb + j;
+}
+
+// moneypunct_byname
+
+static
+void
+__init_pat(money_base::pattern& pat, char cs_precedes, char sep_by_space, char sign_posn)
+{
+    const char sign = static_cast<char>(money_base::sign);
+    const char space = static_cast<char>(money_base::space);
+    const char none = static_cast<char>(money_base::none);
+    const char symbol = static_cast<char>(money_base::symbol);
+    const char value = static_cast<char>(money_base::value);
+    switch (cs_precedes)
+    {
+    case 0:
+        switch (sign_posn)
+        {
+        case 0:
+            pat.field[0] = sign;
+            pat.field[1] = value;
+            pat.field[3] = symbol;
+            switch (sep_by_space)
+            {
+            case 0:
+                pat.field[2] = none;
+                return;
+            case 1:
+            case 2:
+                pat.field[2] = space;
+                return;
+            default:
+                break;
+            }
+            break;
+        case 1:
+            pat.field[0] = sign;
+            pat.field[3] = symbol;
+            switch (sep_by_space)
+            {
+            case 0:
+                pat.field[1] = value;
+                pat.field[2] = none;
+                return;
+            case 1:
+                pat.field[1] = value;
+                pat.field[2] = space;
+                return;
+            case 2:
+                pat.field[1] = space;
+                pat.field[2] = value;
+                return;
+            default:
+                break;
+            }
+            break;
+        case 2:
+            pat.field[0] = value;
+            pat.field[3] = sign;
+            switch (sep_by_space)
+            {
+            case 0:
+                pat.field[1] = none;
+                pat.field[2] = symbol;
+                return;
+            case 1:
+                pat.field[1] = space;
+                pat.field[2] = symbol;
+                return;
+            case 2:
+                pat.field[1] = symbol;
+                pat.field[2] = space;
+                return;
+            default:
+                break;
+            }
+            break;
+        case 3:
+            pat.field[0] = value;
+            pat.field[3] = symbol;
+            switch (sep_by_space)
+            {
+            case 0:
+                pat.field[1] = none;
+                pat.field[2] = sign;
+                return;
+            case 1:
+                pat.field[1] = space;
+                pat.field[2] = sign;
+                return;
+            case 2:
+                pat.field[1] = sign;
+                pat.field[2] = space;
+                return;
+            default:
+                break;
+            }
+            break;
+        case 4:
+            pat.field[0] = value;
+            pat.field[3] = sign;
+            switch (sep_by_space)
+            {
+            case 0:
+                pat.field[1] = none;
+                pat.field[2] = symbol;
+                return;
+            case 1:
+                pat.field[1] = space;
+                pat.field[2] = symbol;
+                return;
+            case 2:
+                pat.field[1] = symbol;
+                pat.field[2] = space;
+                return;
+            default:
+                break;
+            }
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+        }
+        break;
+    case 1:
+        switch (sign_posn)
+        {
+        case 0:
+            pat.field[0] = sign;
+            pat.field[1] = symbol;
+            pat.field[3] = value;
+            switch (sep_by_space)
+            {
+            case 0:
+                pat.field[2] = none;
+                return;
+            case 1:
+            case 2:
+                pat.field[2] = space;
+                return;
+            default:
+                break;
+            }
+            break;
+        case 1:
+            pat.field[0] = sign;
+            pat.field[3] = value;
+            switch (sep_by_space)
+            {
+            case 0:
+                pat.field[1] = symbol;
+                pat.field[2] = none;
+                return;
+            case 1:
+                pat.field[1] = symbol;
+                pat.field[2] = space;
+                return;
+            case 2:
+                pat.field[1] = space;
+                pat.field[2] = symbol;
+                return;
+            default:
+                break;
+            }
+            break;
+        case 2:
+            pat.field[0] = symbol;
+            pat.field[3] = sign;
+            switch (sep_by_space)
+            {
+            case 0:
+                pat.field[1] = none;
+                pat.field[2] = value;
+                return;
+            case 1:
+                pat.field[1] = space;
+                pat.field[2] = value;
+                return;
+            case 2:
+                pat.field[1] = value;
+                pat.field[2] = space;
+                return;
+            default:
+                break;
+            }
+            break;
+        case 3:
+            pat.field[0] = sign;
+            pat.field[3] = value;
+            switch (sep_by_space)
+            {
+            case 0:
+                pat.field[1] = symbol;
+                pat.field[2] = none;
+                return;
+            case 1:
+                pat.field[1] = symbol;
+                pat.field[2] = space;
+                return;
+            case 2:
+                pat.field[1] = space;
+                pat.field[2] = symbol;
+                return;
+            default:
+                break;
+            }
+            break;
+        case 4:
+            pat.field[0] = symbol;
+            pat.field[3] = value;
+            switch (sep_by_space)
+            {
+            case 0:
+                pat.field[1] = sign;
+                pat.field[2] = none;
+                return;
+            case 1:
+                pat.field[1] = sign;
+                pat.field[2] = space;
+                return;
+            case 2:
+                pat.field[1] = space;
+                pat.field[2] = sign;
+                return;
+           default:
+                break;
+            }
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+        }
+        break;
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+    pat.field[0] = symbol;
+    pat.field[1] = sign;
+    pat.field[2] = none;
+    pat.field[3] = value;
+}
+
+template<>
+void
+moneypunct_byname<char, false>::init(const char* nm)
+{
+    typedef moneypunct<char, false> base;
+    unique_ptr<_xlocale, int(*)(locale_t)>  loc(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, nm, 0), freelocale);
+    if (loc == 0)
+        throw runtime_error("moneypunct_byname"
+                            " failed to construct for " + string(nm));
+    lconv* lc = localeconv_l(loc.get());
+    if (*lc->mon_decimal_point)
+        __decimal_point_ = *lc->mon_decimal_point;
+    else
+        __decimal_point_ = base::do_decimal_point();
+    if (*lc->mon_thousands_sep)
+        __thousands_sep_ = *lc->mon_thousands_sep;
+    else
+        __thousands_sep_ = base::do_thousands_sep();
+    __grouping_ = lc->mon_grouping;
+    __curr_symbol_ = lc->currency_symbol;
+    if (lc->frac_digits != CHAR_MAX)
+        __frac_digits_ = lc->frac_digits;
+    else
+        __frac_digits_ = base::do_frac_digits();
+    if (lc->p_sign_posn == 0)
+        __positive_sign_ = "()";
+    else
+        __positive_sign_ = lc->positive_sign;
+    if (lc->n_sign_posn == 0)
+        __negative_sign_ = "()";
+    else
+        __negative_sign_ = lc->negative_sign;
+    __init_pat(__pos_format_, lc->p_cs_precedes, lc->p_sep_by_space, lc->p_sign_posn);
+    __init_pat(__neg_format_, lc->n_cs_precedes, lc->n_sep_by_space, lc->n_sign_posn);
+}
+
+template<>
+void
+moneypunct_byname<char, true>::init(const char* nm)
+{
+    typedef moneypunct<char, true> base;
+    unique_ptr<_xlocale, int(*)(locale_t)>  loc(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, nm, 0), freelocale);
+    if (loc == 0)
+        throw runtime_error("moneypunct_byname"
+                            " failed to construct for " + string(nm));
+    lconv* lc = localeconv_l(loc.get());
+    if (*lc->mon_decimal_point)
+        __decimal_point_ = *lc->mon_decimal_point;
+    else
+        __decimal_point_ = base::do_decimal_point();
+    if (*lc->mon_thousands_sep)
+        __thousands_sep_ = *lc->mon_thousands_sep;
+    else
+        __thousands_sep_ = base::do_thousands_sep();
+    __grouping_ = lc->mon_grouping;
+    __curr_symbol_ = lc->int_curr_symbol;
+    if (lc->int_frac_digits != CHAR_MAX)
+        __frac_digits_ = lc->int_frac_digits;
+    else
+        __frac_digits_ = base::do_frac_digits();
+    if (lc->int_p_sign_posn == 0)
+        __positive_sign_ = "()";
+    else
+        __positive_sign_ = lc->positive_sign;
+    if (lc->int_n_sign_posn == 0)
+        __negative_sign_ = "()";
+    else
+        __negative_sign_ = lc->negative_sign;
+    __init_pat(__pos_format_, lc->int_p_cs_precedes, lc->int_p_sep_by_space, lc->int_p_sign_posn);
+    __init_pat(__neg_format_, lc->int_n_cs_precedes, lc->int_n_sep_by_space, lc->int_n_sign_posn);
+}
+
+template<>
+void
+moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, false>::init(const char* nm)
+{
+    typedef moneypunct<wchar_t, false> base;
+    unique_ptr<_xlocale, int(*)(locale_t)>  loc(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, nm, 0), freelocale);
+    if (loc == 0)
+        throw runtime_error("moneypunct_byname"
+                            " failed to construct for " + string(nm));
+    lconv* lc = localeconv_l(loc.get());
+    if (*lc->mon_decimal_point)
+        __decimal_point_ = static_cast<wchar_t>(*lc->mon_decimal_point);
+    else
+        __decimal_point_ = base::do_decimal_point();
+    if (*lc->mon_thousands_sep)
+        __thousands_sep_ = static_cast<wchar_t>(*lc->mon_thousands_sep);
+    else
+        __thousands_sep_ = base::do_thousands_sep();
+    __grouping_ = lc->mon_grouping;
+    wchar_t wbuf[100];
+    mbstate_t mb = {0};
+    const char* bb = lc->currency_symbol;
+    size_t j = mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, sizeof(wbuf)/sizeof(wbuf[0]), &mb, loc.get());
+    if (j == -1)
+        __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
+    wchar_t* wbe = wbuf + j;
+    __curr_symbol_.assign(wbuf, wbe);
+    if (lc->frac_digits != CHAR_MAX)
+        __frac_digits_ = lc->frac_digits;
+    else
+        __frac_digits_ = base::do_frac_digits();
+    if (lc->p_sign_posn == 0)
+        __positive_sign_ = L"()";
+    else
+    {
+        mb = mbstate_t();
+        bb = lc->positive_sign;
+        j = mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, sizeof(wbuf)/sizeof(wbuf[0]), &mb, loc.get());
+        if (j == -1)
+            __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
+        wbe = wbuf + j;
+        __positive_sign_.assign(wbuf, wbe);
+    }
+    if (lc->n_sign_posn == 0)
+        __negative_sign_ = L"()";
+    else
+    {
+        mb = mbstate_t();
+        bb = lc->negative_sign;
+        j = mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, sizeof(wbuf)/sizeof(wbuf[0]), &mb, loc.get());
+        if (j == -1)
+            __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
+        wbe = wbuf + j;
+        __negative_sign_.assign(wbuf, wbe);
+    }
+    __init_pat(__pos_format_, lc->p_cs_precedes, lc->p_sep_by_space, lc->p_sign_posn);
+    __init_pat(__neg_format_, lc->n_cs_precedes, lc->n_sep_by_space, lc->n_sign_posn);
+}
+
+template<>
+void
+moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, true>::init(const char* nm)
+{
+    typedef moneypunct<wchar_t, true> base;
+    unique_ptr<_xlocale, int(*)(locale_t)>  loc(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, nm, 0), freelocale);
+    if (loc == 0)
+        throw runtime_error("moneypunct_byname"
+                            " failed to construct for " + string(nm));
+    lconv* lc = localeconv_l(loc.get());
+    if (*lc->mon_decimal_point)
+        __decimal_point_ = static_cast<wchar_t>(*lc->mon_decimal_point);
+    else
+        __decimal_point_ = base::do_decimal_point();
+    if (*lc->mon_thousands_sep)
+        __thousands_sep_ = static_cast<wchar_t>(*lc->mon_thousands_sep);
+    else
+        __thousands_sep_ = base::do_thousands_sep();
+    __grouping_ = lc->mon_grouping;
+    wchar_t wbuf[100];
+    mbstate_t mb = {0};
+    const char* bb = lc->int_curr_symbol;
+    size_t j = mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, sizeof(wbuf)/sizeof(wbuf[0]), &mb, loc.get());
+    if (j == -1)
+        __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
+    wchar_t* wbe = wbuf + j;
+    __curr_symbol_.assign(wbuf, wbe);
+    if (lc->int_frac_digits != CHAR_MAX)
+        __frac_digits_ = lc->int_frac_digits;
+    else
+        __frac_digits_ = base::do_frac_digits();
+    if (lc->int_p_sign_posn == 0)
+        __positive_sign_ = L"()";
+    else
+    {
+        mb = mbstate_t();
+        bb = lc->positive_sign;
+        j = mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, sizeof(wbuf)/sizeof(wbuf[0]), &mb, loc.get());
+        if (j == -1)
+            __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
+        wbe = wbuf + j;
+        __positive_sign_.assign(wbuf, wbe);
+    }
+    if (lc->int_n_sign_posn == 0)
+        __negative_sign_ = L"()";
+    else
+    {
+        mb = mbstate_t();
+        bb = lc->negative_sign;
+        j = mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, sizeof(wbuf)/sizeof(wbuf[0]), &mb, loc.get());
+        if (j == -1)
+            __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
+        wbe = wbuf + j;
+        __negative_sign_.assign(wbuf, wbe);
+    }
+    __init_pat(__pos_format_, lc->int_p_cs_precedes, lc->int_p_sep_by_space, lc->int_p_sign_posn);
+    __init_pat(__neg_format_, lc->int_n_cs_precedes, lc->int_n_sep_by_space, lc->int_n_sign_posn);
+}
+
+void __do_nothing(void*) {}
+
+void __throw_runtime_error(const char* msg)
+{
+    throw runtime_error(msg);
+}
+
+template class collate<char>;
+template class collate<wchar_t>;
+
+template class num_get<char>;
+template class num_get<wchar_t>;
+
+template class __num_get<char>;
+template class __num_get<wchar_t>;
+
+template class num_put<char>;
+template class num_put<wchar_t>;
+
+template class __num_put<char>;
+template class __num_put<wchar_t>;
+
+template class time_get<char>;
+template class time_get<wchar_t>;
+
+template class time_get_byname<char>;
+template class time_get_byname<wchar_t>;
+
+template class time_put<char>;
+template class time_put<wchar_t>;
+
+template class time_put_byname<char>;
+template class time_put_byname<wchar_t>;
+
+template class moneypunct<char, false>;
+template class moneypunct<char, true>;
+template class moneypunct<wchar_t, false>;
+template class moneypunct<wchar_t, true>;
+
+template class moneypunct_byname<char, false>;
+template class moneypunct_byname<char, true>;
+template class moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, false>;
+template class moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, true>;
+
+template class money_get<char>;
+template class money_get<wchar_t>;
+
+template class __money_get<char>;
+template class __money_get<wchar_t>;
+
+template class money_put<char>;
+template class money_put<wchar_t>;
+
+template class __money_put<char>;
+template class __money_put<wchar_t>;
+
+template class messages<char>;
+template class messages<wchar_t>;
+
+template class messages_byname<char>;
+template class messages_byname<wchar_t>;
+
+template class codecvt_byname<char, char, mbstate_t>;
+template class codecvt_byname<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>;
+template class codecvt_byname<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>;
+template class codecvt_byname<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>;
+
+template class __vector_base_common<true>;
+
+_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD