Add <optional> header.

This patch is largely thanks to Casey Carter @ Microsoft. He did the initial
work of porting our experimental implementation and tests over to namespace
std.


git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/libcxx/trunk@283977 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
86 files changed