diff --git a/include/__config b/include/__config
index 4e69964..2bbe1d9 100644
--- a/include/__config
+++ b/include/__config
@@ -427,6 +427,10 @@
 #define _LIBCPP_DECLARE_STRONG_ENUM_EPILOG(x)
 #endif  // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_STRONG_ENUMS
 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE
+#define _LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(...) extern template __VA_ARGS__;
+#endif
+
 #if __APPLE__ || __FreeBSD__ || _WIN32 || __sun__
 #define _LIBCPP_LOCALE__L_EXTENSIONS 1
 #endif
diff --git a/include/__locale b/include/__locale
index e6c357f..4176720 100644
--- a/include/__locale
+++ b/include/__locale
@@ -254,8 +254,8 @@
     return static_cast<long>(__h);
 }
 
-extern template class _LIBCPP_VISIBLE collate<char>;
-extern template class _LIBCPP_VISIBLE collate<wchar_t>;
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class _LIBCPP_VISIBLE collate<char>)
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class _LIBCPP_VISIBLE collate<wchar_t>)
 
 // template <class CharT> class collate_byname;
 
@@ -1135,10 +1135,10 @@
 {
 }
 
-extern template class codecvt_byname<char, char, mbstate_t>;
-extern template class codecvt_byname<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>;
-extern template class codecvt_byname<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>;
-extern template class codecvt_byname<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>;
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class codecvt_byname<char, char, mbstate_t>)
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class codecvt_byname<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>)
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class codecvt_byname<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>)
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class codecvt_byname<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>)
 
 _LIBCPP_VISIBLE void __throw_runtime_error(const char*);
 
diff --git a/include/algorithm b/include/algorithm
index 1ce14b4..0f6107b 100644
--- a/include/algorithm
+++ b/include/algorithm
@@ -3782,39 +3782,39 @@
 #pragma warning( push )
 #pragma warning( disable: 4231)
 #endif // _MSC_VER
-extern template void __sort<__less<char>&, char*>(char*, char*, __less<char>&);
-extern template void __sort<__less<wchar_t>&, wchar_t*>(wchar_t*, wchar_t*, __less<wchar_t>&);
-extern template void __sort<__less<signed char>&, signed char*>(signed char*, signed char*, __less<signed char>&);
-extern template void __sort<__less<unsigned char>&, unsigned char*>(unsigned char*, unsigned char*, __less<unsigned char>&);
-extern template void __sort<__less<short>&, short*>(short*, short*, __less<short>&);
-extern template void __sort<__less<unsigned short>&, unsigned short*>(unsigned short*, unsigned short*, __less<unsigned short>&);
-extern template void __sort<__less<int>&, int*>(int*, int*, __less<int>&);
-extern template void __sort<__less<unsigned>&, unsigned*>(unsigned*, unsigned*, __less<unsigned>&);
-extern template void __sort<__less<long>&, long*>(long*, long*, __less<long>&);
-extern template void __sort<__less<unsigned long>&, unsigned long*>(unsigned long*, unsigned long*, __less<unsigned long>&);
-extern template void __sort<__less<long long>&, long long*>(long long*, long long*, __less<long long>&);
-extern template void __sort<__less<unsigned long long>&, unsigned long long*>(unsigned long long*, unsigned long long*, __less<unsigned long long>&);
-extern template void __sort<__less<float>&, float*>(float*, float*, __less<float>&);
-extern template void __sort<__less<double>&, double*>(double*, double*, __less<double>&);
-extern template void __sort<__less<long double>&, long double*>(long double*, long double*, __less<long double>&);
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(void __sort<__less<char>&, char*>(char*, char*, __less<char>&))
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(void __sort<__less<wchar_t>&, wchar_t*>(wchar_t*, wchar_t*, __less<wchar_t>&))
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(void __sort<__less<signed char>&, signed char*>(signed char*, signed char*, __less<signed char>&))
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(void __sort<__less<unsigned char>&, unsigned char*>(unsigned char*, unsigned char*, __less<unsigned char>&))
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(void __sort<__less<short>&, short*>(short*, short*, __less<short>&))
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(void __sort<__less<unsigned short>&, unsigned short*>(unsigned short*, unsigned short*, __less<unsigned short>&))
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(void __sort<__less<int>&, int*>(int*, int*, __less<int>&))
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(void __sort<__less<unsigned>&, unsigned*>(unsigned*, unsigned*, __less<unsigned>&))
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(void __sort<__less<long>&, long*>(long*, long*, __less<long>&))
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(void __sort<__less<unsigned long>&, unsigned long*>(unsigned long*, unsigned long*, __less<unsigned long>&))
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(void __sort<__less<long long>&, long long*>(long long*, long long*, __less<long long>&))
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(void __sort<__less<unsigned long long>&, unsigned long long*>(unsigned long long*, unsigned long long*, __less<unsigned long long>&))
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(void __sort<__less<float>&, float*>(float*, float*, __less<float>&))
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(void __sort<__less<double>&, double*>(double*, double*, __less<double>&))
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(void __sort<__less<long double>&, long double*>(long double*, long double*, __less<long double>&))
 
-extern template bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<char>&, char*>(char*, char*, __less<char>&);
-extern template bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<wchar_t>&, wchar_t*>(wchar_t*, wchar_t*, __less<wchar_t>&);
-extern template bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<signed char>&, signed char*>(signed char*, signed char*, __less<signed char>&);
-extern template bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<unsigned char>&, unsigned char*>(unsigned char*, unsigned char*, __less<unsigned char>&);
-extern template bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<short>&, short*>(short*, short*, __less<short>&);
-extern template bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<unsigned short>&, unsigned short*>(unsigned short*, unsigned short*, __less<unsigned short>&);
-extern template bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<int>&, int*>(int*, int*, __less<int>&);
-extern template bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<unsigned>&, unsigned*>(unsigned*, unsigned*, __less<unsigned>&);
-extern template bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<long>&, long*>(long*, long*, __less<long>&);
-extern template bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<unsigned long>&, unsigned long*>(unsigned long*, unsigned long*, __less<unsigned long>&);
-extern template bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<long long>&, long long*>(long long*, long long*, __less<long long>&);
-extern template bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<unsigned long long>&, unsigned long long*>(unsigned long long*, unsigned long long*, __less<unsigned long long>&);
-extern template bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<float>&, float*>(float*, float*, __less<float>&);
-extern template bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<double>&, double*>(double*, double*, __less<double>&);
-extern template bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<long double>&, long double*>(long double*, long double*, __less<long double>&);
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<char>&, char*>(char*, char*, __less<char>&))
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<wchar_t>&, wchar_t*>(wchar_t*, wchar_t*, __less<wchar_t>&))
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<signed char>&, signed char*>(signed char*, signed char*, __less<signed char>&))
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<unsigned char>&, unsigned char*>(unsigned char*, unsigned char*, __less<unsigned char>&))
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<short>&, short*>(short*, short*, __less<short>&))
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<unsigned short>&, unsigned short*>(unsigned short*, unsigned short*, __less<unsigned short>&))
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<int>&, int*>(int*, int*, __less<int>&))
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<unsigned>&, unsigned*>(unsigned*, unsigned*, __less<unsigned>&))
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<long>&, long*>(long*, long*, __less<long>&))
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<unsigned long>&, unsigned long*>(unsigned long*, unsigned long*, __less<unsigned long>&))
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<long long>&, long long*>(long long*, long long*, __less<long long>&))
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<unsigned long long>&, unsigned long long*>(unsigned long long*, unsigned long long*, __less<unsigned long long>&))
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<float>&, float*>(float*, float*, __less<float>&))
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<double>&, double*>(double*, double*, __less<double>&))
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<long double>&, long double*>(long double*, long double*, __less<long double>&))
 
-extern template unsigned __sort5<__less<long double>&, long double*>(long double*, long double*, long double*, long double*, long double*, __less<long double>&);
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(unsigned __sort5<__less<long double>&, long double*>(long double*, long double*, long double*, long double*, long double*, __less<long double>&))
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 #pragma warning( pop )
 #endif  // _MSC_VER
diff --git a/include/istream b/include/istream
index 7b48186..dc1c52b 100644
--- a/include/istream
+++ b/include/istream
@@ -1710,9 +1710,9 @@
     return __is;
 }
 
-extern template class basic_istream<char>;
-extern template class basic_istream<wchar_t>;
-extern template class basic_iostream<char>;
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class basic_istream<char>)
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class basic_istream<wchar_t>)
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class basic_iostream<char>)
 
 _LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
 
diff --git a/include/locale b/include/locale
index 0d77a4a..72b4729 100644
--- a/include/locale
+++ b/include/locale
@@ -692,8 +692,8 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-extern template struct __num_get<char>;
-extern template struct __num_get<wchar_t>;
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(struct __num_get<char>)
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(struct __num_get<wchar_t>)
 
 template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator = istreambuf_iterator<_CharT> >
 class _LIBCPP_VISIBLE num_get
@@ -1314,8 +1314,8 @@
     return __b;
 }
 
-extern template class num_get<char>;
-extern template class num_get<wchar_t>;
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class num_get<char>)
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class num_get<wchar_t>)
 
 struct __num_put_base
 {
@@ -1464,8 +1464,8 @@
         __op = __ob + (__np - __nb);
 }
 
-extern template struct __num_put<char>;
-extern template struct __num_put<wchar_t>;
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(struct __num_put<char>)
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(struct __num_put<wchar_t>)
 
 template <class _CharT, class _OutputIterator = ostreambuf_iterator<_CharT> >
 class _LIBCPP_VISIBLE num_put
@@ -1938,8 +1938,8 @@
     return __pad_and_output(__s, __o, __op, __oe, __iob, __fl);
 }
 
-extern template class num_put<char>;
-extern template class num_put<wchar_t>;
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class num_put<char>)
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class num_put<wchar_t>)
 
 template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
 _LIBCPP_HIDDEN
@@ -2605,8 +2605,8 @@
     return __b;
 }
 
-extern template class time_get<char>;
-extern template class time_get<wchar_t>;
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class time_get<char>)
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class time_get<wchar_t>)
 
 class __time_get
 {
@@ -2688,8 +2688,8 @@
     virtual const string_type& __X() const      {return this->__X_;}
 };
 
-extern template class time_get_byname<char>;
-extern template class time_get_byname<wchar_t>;
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class time_get_byname<char>)
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class time_get_byname<wchar_t>)
 
 class __time_put
 {
@@ -2801,8 +2801,8 @@
     return _VSTD::copy(__nb, __ne, __s);
 }
 
-extern template class time_put<char>;
-extern template class time_put<wchar_t>;
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class time_put<char>)
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class time_put<wchar_t>)
 
 template <class _CharT, class _OutputIterator = ostreambuf_iterator<_CharT> >
 class _LIBCPP_VISIBLE time_put_byname
@@ -2822,8 +2822,8 @@
     ~time_put_byname() {}
 };
 
-extern template class time_put_byname<char>;
-extern template class time_put_byname<wchar_t>;
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class time_put_byname<char>)
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class time_put_byname<wchar_t>)
 
 // money_base
 
@@ -2885,10 +2885,10 @@
 locale::id
 moneypunct<_CharT, _International>::id;
 
-extern template class moneypunct<char, false>;
-extern template class moneypunct<char, true>;
-extern template class moneypunct<wchar_t, false>;
-extern template class moneypunct<wchar_t, true>;
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class moneypunct<char, false>)
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class moneypunct<char, true>)
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class moneypunct<wchar_t, false>)
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class moneypunct<wchar_t, true>)
 
 // moneypunct_byname
 
@@ -2942,10 +2942,10 @@
 template<> void moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, false>::init(const char*);
 template<> void moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, true>::init(const char*);
 
-extern template class moneypunct_byname<char, false>;
-extern template class moneypunct_byname<char, true>;
-extern template class moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, false>;
-extern template class moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, true>;
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class moneypunct_byname<char, false>)
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class moneypunct_byname<char, true>)
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, false>)
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, true>)
 
 // money_get
 
@@ -3001,8 +3001,8 @@
     }
 }
 
-extern template class __money_get<char>;
-extern template class __money_get<wchar_t>;
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class __money_get<char>)
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class __money_get<wchar_t>)
 
 template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator = istreambuf_iterator<_CharT> >
 class _LIBCPP_VISIBLE money_get
@@ -3383,8 +3383,8 @@
     return __b;
 }
 
-extern template class money_get<char>;
-extern template class money_get<wchar_t>;
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class money_get<char>)
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class money_get<wchar_t>)
 
 // money_put
 
@@ -3558,8 +3558,8 @@
         __mi = __mb;
 }
 
-extern template class __money_put<char>;
-extern template class __money_put<wchar_t>;
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class __money_put<char>)
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class __money_put<wchar_t>)
 
 template <class _CharT, class _OutputIterator = ostreambuf_iterator<_CharT> >
 class _LIBCPP_VISIBLE money_put
@@ -3715,8 +3715,8 @@
     return __pad_and_output(__s, __mb, __mi, __me, __iob, __fl);
 }
 
-extern template class money_put<char>;
-extern template class money_put<wchar_t>;
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class money_put<char>)
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class money_put<wchar_t>)
 
 // messages
 
@@ -3825,8 +3825,8 @@
 #endif // !_WIN32
 }
 
-extern template class messages<char>;
-extern template class messages<wchar_t>;
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class messages<char>)
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class messages<wchar_t>)
 
 template <class _CharT>
 class _LIBCPP_VISIBLE messages_byname
@@ -3849,8 +3849,8 @@
     ~messages_byname() {}
 };
 
-extern template class messages_byname<char>;
-extern template class messages_byname<wchar_t>;
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class messages_byname<char>)
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class messages_byname<wchar_t>)
 
 template<class _Codecvt, class _Elem = wchar_t,
          class _Wide_alloc = allocator<_Elem>,
diff --git a/include/ostream b/include/ostream
index b135ddb..9d26a41 100644
--- a/include/ostream
+++ b/include/ostream
@@ -1287,8 +1287,8 @@
                          use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__os.getloc()).widen('1'));
 }
 
-extern template class basic_ostream<char>;
-extern template class basic_ostream<wchar_t>;
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class basic_ostream<char>)
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class basic_ostream<wchar_t>)
 
 _LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
 
diff --git a/include/streambuf b/include/streambuf
index e34ad23..d688024 100644
--- a/include/streambuf
+++ b/include/streambuf
@@ -553,11 +553,11 @@
     return traits_type::eof();
 }
 
-extern template class basic_streambuf<char>;
-extern template class basic_streambuf<wchar_t>;
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class basic_streambuf<char>)
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class basic_streambuf<wchar_t>)
 
-extern template class basic_ios<char>;
-extern template class basic_ios<wchar_t>;
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class basic_ios<char>)
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class basic_ios<wchar_t>)
 
 _LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
 
diff --git a/include/string b/include/string
index 00016ee..5bf42f0 100644
--- a/include/string
+++ b/include/string
@@ -1031,7 +1031,7 @@
 #pragma warning( push )
 #pragma warning( disable: 4231 )
 #endif // _MSC_VER
-extern template class __basic_string_common<true>;
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class __basic_string_common<true>)
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 #pragma warning( pop )
 #endif // _MSC_VER
@@ -3975,8 +3975,8 @@
 
 #endif  // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_RVALUE_REFERENCES
 
-extern template class basic_string<char>;
-extern template class basic_string<wchar_t>;
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class basic_string<char>)
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class basic_string<wchar_t>)
 
 extern template
     string
diff --git a/include/valarray b/include/valarray
index 4091d0f..c56dd12 100644
--- a/include/valarray
+++ b/include/valarray
@@ -4770,9 +4770,9 @@
     return __v.__end_;
 }
 
-extern template valarray<size_t>::valarray(size_t);
-extern template valarray<size_t>::~valarray();
-extern template void valarray<size_t>::resize(size_t, size_t);
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(valarray<size_t>::valarray(size_t))
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(valarray<size_t>::~valarray())
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(void valarray<size_t>::resize(size_t, size_t))
 
 _LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
 
diff --git a/include/vector b/include/vector
index ee71435..0c28068 100644
--- a/include/vector
+++ b/include/vector
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@
 #pragma warning( push )
 #pragma warning( disable: 4231 )
 #endif // _MSC_VER
-extern template class __vector_base_common<true>;
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(class __vector_base_common<true>)
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 #pragma warning( pop )
 #endif // _MSC_VER