Change preprocessor OS tests to __linux__

"linux" without leading underscores is deprecated and less reliable.
diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
index 5975976..6055b9a 100644
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
     # GNU extensions as possible. -Dlinux is required to make the weak
     # pthread symbols work.
     - compiler: gcc
-      env: CFLAGS="-O2 -std=c89 -D_POSIX_C_SOURCE=200809L -Dlinux"
+      env: CFLAGS="-O2 -std=c89 -D_POSIX_C_SOURCE=200809L"
     # clang with AddressSanitizer and UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer.
     - compiler: clang
       dist: trusty