doc/xmllint.xml

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<refentry>

<refentryinfo>
	<title>xmllint Manual</title>
	<productname>libxml2</productname>
	<copyright>
		<year>2001</year>
		<year>2004</year>
	</copyright>
	<authorgroup>
		<author>
			<firstname>John</firstname>
			<surname>Fleck</surname>
			<affiliation>
				<address>
					<email>jfleck@inkstain.net</email>
				</address>
			</affiliation>
		</author>
		<author>
			<firstname>Ziying</firstname>
			<surname>Sherwin</surname>
			<affiliation>
				<address>
					<email>sherwin@nlm.nih.gov</email>
				</address>
			</affiliation>
		</author>
		<author>
			<firstname>Heiko</firstname>
			<surname>Rupp</surname>
			<affiliation>
				<address>
					<email>hwr@pilhuhn.de</email>
				</address>
			</affiliation>
		</author>
	</authorgroup>
	<releaseinfo>This is release 0.5 of the xmllint Manual.</releaseinfo>
	<!-- date should be the date of the latest change or the release version -->
	<date>2006-02-20</date>
</refentryinfo>

<refmeta>
	<refentrytitle>xmllint</refentrytitle>
	<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
</refmeta>

<refnamediv>
	<refname>xmllint</refname>
	<refpurpose>command line <acronym>XML</acronym> tool</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>

<refsynopsisdiv>
	<cmdsynopsis>
	<command>xmllint</command>
		<group choice="opt">
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--version</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--debug</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--shell</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--debugent</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--copy</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--recover</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--noent</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--noout</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--nonet</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--path <replaceable class="option">"PATHS"</replaceable></option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--load-trace</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--htmlout</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--nowrap</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--valid</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--postvalid</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--dtdvalid <replaceable class="option">URL</replaceable></option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--dtdvalidfpi <replaceable class="option">FPI</replaceable></option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--timing</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--output <replaceable class="option">FILE</replaceable></option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--repeat</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--insert</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--compress</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--html</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--xmlout</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--push</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--memory</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--maxmem <replaceable class="option">NBBYTES</replaceable></option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--nowarning</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--noblanks</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--nocdata</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--format</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--encode <replaceable class="option">ENCODING</replaceable></option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--dropdtd</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--nsclean</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--testIO</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--catalogs</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--nocatalogs</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--auto</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--xinclude</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--noxincludenode</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--loaddtd</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--dtdattr</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--stream</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--walker</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--pattern <replaceable class="option">PATTERNVALUE</replaceable></option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--chkregister</option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--relaxng <replaceable class="option">SCHEMA</replaceable></option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--schema <replaceable class="option">SCHEMA</replaceable></option></arg>
			<arg choice="plain"><option>--c14n</option></arg>
		</group>
		<group choice="req">
			<arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>XML-FILE(S)</replaceable></arg>
			<arg choice="plain" rep="norepeat">-</arg>
		</group>
	</cmdsynopsis>
	<cmdsynopsis>
		<command>xmllint</command>
		<arg choice="plain"><option>--help</option></arg>
	</cmdsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>

<refsect1 id="introduction">
	<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
	<para>
		The &xmllint; program parses one or more XML files, specified on the
		command line as <replaceable>XML-FILE</replaceable> (or the standard
		input if the filename provided is <emphasis role="bold">-</emphasis> ).
		It prints various types of output, depending upon the options selected.
		It is useful for detecting errors both
		in <acronym>XML</acronym> code and in the <acronym>XML</acronym> parser
		itself.
	</para>
	<para>&xmllint; is included in <application>libxml2</application>.</para>
	<para>
		More information can be found at the <application>libxml</application> web pages
		at <ulink url="http://www.xmlsoft.org/"/> and the W3C <acronym>XSLT</acronym>
		pages at <ulink url="http://www.w3.org/TR/xslt"/>.
	</para>
</refsect1>

<refsect1 id="options">
	<title>OPTIONS</title>
	<para>
		&xmllint; accepts the following options (in alphabetical order):
	</para>

	<variablelist>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--auto</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Generate a small document for testing purposes.</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--catalogs</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>
			Use the catalogs from <envar>SGML_CATALOG_FILES</envar>.
			Otherwise <filename>/etc/xml/catalog</filename> is used by default.
		</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--chkregister</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>
			Turn on node registration. Useful for developers
			testing <application>libxml2</application> node tracking code.
		</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--compress</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>
			Turn on <application>gzip</application> compression of output.
		</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--copy</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Test the internal copy implementation.</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--c14n</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>
			Use the W3C XML Canonicalisation (<acronym>C14N</acronym>) to serialize
			the result of parsing to <filename class="devicefile">stdout</filename>.
			It keeps comments in the result.
		</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--dtdvalid <replaceable class="option">URL</replaceable></option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>
			Use the <acronym>DTD</acronym> specified by
			an <replaceable>URL</replaceable> for validation.
		</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--dtdvalidfpi <replaceable class="option">FPI</replaceable></option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>
			Use the <acronym>DTD</acronym> specified by a Public
			Identifier <replaceable>FPI</replaceable> for validation, note that this
			will require a Catalog exporting that Public Identifier to work.
		</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--debug</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>
			Parse a file and output an annotated tree of the
			in-memory version of the document.
		</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--debugent</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Debug the entities defined in the document.</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--dropdtd</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Remove <acronym>DTD</acronym> from output.</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--dtdattr</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>
			Fetch external <acronym>DTD</acronym> and populate the tree with
			inherited attributes.
		</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--encode <replaceable class="option">ENCODING</replaceable></option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Output in the given encoding.</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--format</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>
			Reformat and reindent the output. The <envar>XMLLINT_INDENT</envar>
			environment variable controls the indentation (default value is two
			spaces &quot;  &quot;).
		</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--help</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Print out a short usage summary for &xmllint;.</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--html</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Use the <acronym>HTML</acronym> parser.</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--htmlout</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>
			Output results as an <acronym>HTML</acronym> file. This
			causes &xmllint; to output the necessary <acronym>HTML</acronym>
			tags surrounding the result tree output so the results can be
			displayed/viewed in a browser.
		</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--insert</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Test for valid insertions.</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--loaddtd</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Fetch external <acronym>DTD</acronym>.</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--load-trace</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>
			Display all the documents loaded during the processing
			to <filename class="devicefile">stderr</filename>.
		</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--maxmem <replaceable class="option">NNBYTES</replaceable></option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>
			Test the parser memory support. <replaceable>NNBYTES</replaceable>
			is the maximum number of bytes the library is allowed to allocate.
			This can also be used to make sure batch processing
			of <acronym>XML</acronym> files will not exhaust the virtual memory
			of the server running them.
		</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--memory</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Parse from memory.</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--noblanks</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Drop ignorable blank spaces.</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--nocatalogs</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Do not use any catalogs.</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--nocdata</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Substitute CDATA section by equivalent text nodes.</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--noent</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>
			Substitute entity values for entity references. By default, &xmllint;
			leaves entity references in place.
		</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--nonet</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>
			Do not use the Internet to fetch <acronym>DTD</acronym>s or entities.
		</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--noout</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>
			Suppress output. By default, &xmllint; outputs the result tree.
		</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--nowarning</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Do not emit warnings from the parser and/or validator.</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--nowrap</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Do not output <acronym>HTML</acronym> doc wrapper.</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--noxincludenode</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>
			Do XInclude processing but do not generate XInclude start and end nodes.
		</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--nsclean</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Remove redundant namespace declarations.</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--output <replaceable class="option">FILE</replaceable></option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>
			Define a file path where &xmllint; will save the result of parsing.
			Usually the programs build a tree and save it
			on <filename class="devicefile">stdout</filename>, with this option
			the result <acronym>XML</acronym> instance will be saved onto a file.
		</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--path <replaceable class="option">"PATHS"</replaceable></option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>
			Use the (space- or colon-separated) list of filesystem paths specified
			by <replaceable>PATHS</replaceable> to load <acronym>DTD</acronym>s or
			entities. Enclose space-separated lists by quotation marks.
		</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--pattern <replaceable class="option">PATTERNVALUE</replaceable></option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>
			Used to exercise the pattern recognition engine, which can be used
			with the reader interface to the parser. It allows to select some
			nodes in the document based on an XPath (subset) expression. Used
			for debugging.
		</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--postvalid</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Validate after parsing is completed.</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--push</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Use the push mode of the parser.</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--recover</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Output any parsable portions of an invalid document.</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--relaxng <replaceable class="option">SCHEMA</replaceable></option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>
			Use RelaxNG file named <replaceable class="option">SCHEMA</replaceable>
			for validation.
		</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--repeat</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Repeat 100 times, for timing or profiling.</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--schema <replaceable>SCHEMA</replaceable></option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>
			Use a W3C XML Schema file named <replaceable>SCHEMA</replaceable>
			for validation.
		</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--shell</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>
			Run a navigating shell. Details on available commands in shell mode
			are below (see section <emphasis role="bold">SHELL COMMANDS</emphasis>).
		</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--stream</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>
			Use streaming API - useful when  used  in combination
			with <option>--relaxng</option> or <option>--valid</option> options
			for validation of files that are too large to be held in memory.
		</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--testIO</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Test user input/output support.</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--timing</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>
			Output information about the time it takes &xmllint; to perform the
			various steps.
		</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--valid</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>
			Determine if the document is a valid instance of the included
			Document Type Definition (<acronym>DTD</acronym>).
			A <acronym>DTD</acronym> to be validated against also can be
			specified at the command line using the <option>--dtdvalid</option>
			option. By default, &xmllint; also checks to determine if the
			document is well-formed.
		</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--version</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>
			Display the version of <application>libxml2</application> used.
		</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--walker</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>
			Test the walker module, which is a reader interface but for a
			document tree, instead of using the reader <acronym>API</acronym> on
			an unparsed document it works on a existing in-memory tree. Used in
			debugging.
		</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--xinclude</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Do XInclude processing.</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>--xmlout</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>
			Used in conjunction with <option>--html</option>. Usually
			when <acronym>HTML</acronym> is parsed the document is saved with
			the <acronym>HTML</acronym> serializer, but with this option the
			resulting document is saved with the <acronym>XML</acronym>
			serializer. This is primarily used to
			generate <acronym>XHTML</acronym>
			from <acronym>HTML</acronym> input.
		</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

	</variablelist>
</refsect1>

<refsect1 id="shell">
	<title>SHELL COMMANDS</title>
	<para>
		&xmllint; offers an interactive shell mode invoked with
		the <option>--shell</option> command. Available commands in shell mode
		include (in alphabetical order):
	</para>
	<variablelist>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><command>base</command></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Display <acronym>XML</acronym> base of the node.</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><command>bye</command></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Leave the shell.</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><command>cat <replaceable>NODE</replaceable></command></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Display the given node or the current one.</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><command>cd <replaceable>PATH</replaceable></command></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>
			Change the current node to the given path (if unique) or root if no
			argument is given.
		</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><command>dir <replaceable>PATH</replaceable></command></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>
			Dumps information about the node (namespace, attributes, content).
		</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><command>du <replaceable>PATH</replaceable></command></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>
			Show the structure of the subtree under the given path or the current node.
		</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><command>exit</command></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Leave the shell.</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><command>help</command></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Show this help.</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><command>free</command></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Display memory usage.</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><command>load <replaceable>FILENAME</replaceable></command></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Load a new document with the given filename.</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><command>ls <replaceable>PATH</replaceable></command></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>List contents of the given path or the current directory.</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><command>pwd</command></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Display the path to the current node.</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><command>quit</command></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Leave the shell.</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><command>save <replaceable>FILENAME</replaceable></command></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>
			Save the current document to the given filename or to the original name.
		</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><option>validate</option></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Check the document for errors.</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><command>write <replaceable>FILENAME</replaceable></command></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Write the current node to the given filename.</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

	</variablelist>
</refsect1>

<refsect1>
	<title>ENVIRONMENT</title>
	<variablelist>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><envar>SGML_CATALOG_FILES</envar></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>...</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><envar>XML_CATALOG_FILES</envar></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>
			Catalog behavior can be changed by redirecting queries to the user's
			own set of catalogs. This can be done by setting
			the <envar>XML_CATALOG_FILES</envar> environment variable to a list
			of catalogs. An empty one should deactivate loading the
			default <filename>/etc/xml/catalog</filename> default catalog.
		</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><envar>XML_DEBUG_CATALOG</envar></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>
			Setting the environment variable <envar>XML_DEBUG_CATALOG</envar>
			using the <command>export</command> command outputs debugging information
			related to catalog operations.
		</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><envar>XMLLINT_INDENT</envar></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>...</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>
		
	</variablelist>
</refsect1>

<refsect1>
	<title>DIAGNOSTICS</title>
	<para>
		On the completion of execution, &xmllint; returns the following error codes:
	</para>
	<variablelist>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><errorcode>0</errorcode></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>No error</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><errorcode>1</errorcode></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Unclassified</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><errorcode>2</errorcode></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Error in <acronym>DTD</acronym></para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><errorcode>3</errorcode></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Validation error</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><errorcode>4</errorcode></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Validation error</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><errorcode>5</errorcode></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Error in schema compilation</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><errorcode>6</errorcode></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Error writing output</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><errorcode>7</errorcode></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>
			Error in pattern (generated when <option>--pattern</option> option is used)
		</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><errorcode>8</errorcode></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>
			Error in Reader registration (generated
			when <option>--chkregister</option> option is used)
		</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
	<term><errorcode>9</errorcode></term>
	<listitem>
		<para>Out of memory error</para>
	</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

	</variablelist>
</refsect1>

</refentry>