Daniel Veillard | 1177ca4 | 2003-04-26 22:29:54 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> |
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Daniel Veillard | b8cfbd1 | 2001-10-25 10:53:28 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 9 | A:link, A:visited, A:active { text-decoration: underline } |
William M. Brack | a59ddb5 | 2004-02-25 08:12:32 +0000 | [diff] [blame^] | 10 | </style><title>I/O Interfaces</title></head><body bgcolor="#8b7765" text="#000000" link="#000000" vlink="#000000"><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center"><tr><td width="120"><a href="http://swpat.ffii.org/"><img src="epatents.png" alt="Action against software patents" /></a></td><td width="180"><a href="http://www.gnome.org/"><img src="gnome2.png" alt="Gnome2 Logo" /></a><a href="http://www.w3.org/Status"><img src="w3c.png" alt="W3C Logo" /></a><a href="http://www.redhat.com/"><img src="redhat.gif" alt="Red Hat Logo" /></a><div align="left"><a href="http://xmlsoft.org/"><img src="Libxml2-Logo-180x168.gif" alt="Made with Libxml2 Logo" /></a></div></td><td><table border="0" width="90%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" bgcolor="#000000"><tr><td><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="3" bgcolor="#fffacd"><tr><td align="center"><h1>The XML C parser and toolkit of Gnome</h1><h2>I/O Interfaces</h2></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="100%" align="center"><tr><td bgcolor="#8b7765"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="100%"><tr><td valign="top" width="200" bgcolor="#8b7765"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" width="100%" bgcolor="#000000"><tr><td><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="3"><tr><td colspan="1" bgcolor="#eecfa1" align="center"><center><b>Developer Menu</b></center></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#fffacd"><form action="search.php" enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded" method="get"><input name="query" type="text" size="20" value="" /><input name="submit" type="submit" value="Search ..." /></form><ul><li><a href="index.html" style="font-weight:bold">Main Menu</a></li><li><a href="examples/index.html" style="font-weight:bold">Code Examples</a></li><li><a href="guidelines.html">XML Guidelines</a></li><li><a href="tutorial/index.html">Tutorial</a></li><li><a href="xmlreader.html">The Reader Interface</a></li><li><a href="XSLT.html">XSLT</a></li><li><a href="python.html">Python and bindings</a></li><li><a href="architecture.html">libxml2 architecture</a></li><li><a href="tree.html">The tree output</a></li><li><a href="interface.html">The SAX interface</a></li><li><a href="xmlmem.html">Memory Management</a></li><li><a href="xmlio.html">I/O Interfaces</a></li><li><a href="library.html">The parser interfaces</a></li><li><a href="entities.html">Entities or no entities</a></li><li><a href="namespaces.html">Namespaces</a></li><li><a href="upgrade.html">Upgrading 1.x code</a></li><li><a href="threads.html">Thread safety</a></li><li><a href="DOM.html">DOM Principles</a></li><li><a href="example.html">A real example</a></li><li><a href="xml.html">flat page</a>, <a href="site.xsl">stylesheet</a></li></ul></td></tr></table><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="3"><tr><td colspan="1" bgcolor="#eecfa1" align="center"><center><b>API Indexes</b></center></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#fffacd"><ul><li><a href="APIchunk0.html">Alphabetic</a></li><li><a href="APIconstructors.html">Constructors</a></li><li><a href="APIfunctions.html">Functions/Types</a></li><li><a href="APIfiles.html">Modules</a></li><li><a href="APIsymbols.html">Symbols</a></li></ul></td></tr></table><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="3"><tr><td colspan="1" bgcolor="#eecfa1" align="center"><center><b>Related links</b></center></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#fffacd"><ul><li><a href="http://mail.gnome.org/archives/xml/">Mail archive</a></li><li><a href="http://xmlsoft.org/XSLT/">XSLT libxslt</a></li><li><a href="http://phd.cs.unibo.it/gdome2/">DOM gdome2</a></li><li><a href="http://www.aleksey.com/xmlsec/">XML-DSig xmlsec</a></li><li><a href="ftp://xmlsoft.org/">FTP</a></li><li><a href="http://www.zlatkovic.com/projects/libxml/">Windows binaries</a></li><li><a href="http://garypennington.net/libxml2/">Solaris binaries</a></li><li><a href="http://www.zveno.com/open_source/libxml2xslt.html">MacOsX binaries</a></li><li><a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/libxml2-pas/">Pascal bindings</a></li><li><a href="http://bugzilla.gnome.org/buglist.cgi?product=libxml2">Bug Tracker</a></li></ul></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td><td valign="top" bgcolor="#8b7765"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" width="100%"><tr><td><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" width="100%" bgcolor="#000000"><tr><td><table border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" width="100%"><tr><td bgcolor="#fffacd"><p>Table of Content:</p><ol><li><a href="#General1">General overview</a></li> |
Daniel Veillard | 0b28e88 | 2002-07-24 23:47:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 11 | <li><a href="#basic">The basic buffer type</a></li> |
| 12 | <li><a href="#Input">Input I/O handlers</a></li> |
| 13 | <li><a href="#Output">Output I/O handlers</a></li> |
| 14 | <li><a href="#entities">The entities loader</a></li> |
| 15 | <li><a href="#Example2">Example of customized I/O</a></li> |
Daniel Veillard | 1177ca4 | 2003-04-26 22:29:54 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 16 | </ol><h3><a name="General1" id="General1">General overview</a></h3><p>The module <code><a href="http://xmlsoft.org/html/libxml-xmlio.html">xmlIO.h</a></code> provides |
Daniel Veillard | 8a46917 | 2003-06-12 16:05:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 17 | the interfaces to the libxml2 I/O system. This consists of 4 main parts:</p><ul><li>Entities loader, this is a routine which tries to fetch the entities |
Daniel Veillard | 2bb8909 | 2000-08-31 14:57:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 18 | (files) based on their PUBLIC and SYSTEM identifiers. The default loader |
Daniel Veillard | 8a46917 | 2003-06-12 16:05:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 19 | don't look at the public identifier since libxml2 do not maintain a |
Daniel Veillard | 2bb8909 | 2000-08-31 14:57:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 20 | catalog. You can redefine you own entity loader by using |
| 21 | <code>xmlGetExternalEntityLoader()</code> and |
Daniel Veillard | 9c46682 | 2001-10-25 12:03:39 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 22 | <code>xmlSetExternalEntityLoader()</code>. <a href="#entities">Check the |
| 23 | example</a>.</li> |
Daniel Veillard | 0b28e88 | 2002-07-24 23:47:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 24 | <li>Input I/O buffers which are a commodity structure used by the parser(s) |
Daniel Veillard | 9698445 | 2000-08-31 13:50:12 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 25 | input layer to handle fetching the informations to feed the parser. This |
Daniel Veillard | b8cfbd1 | 2001-10-25 10:53:28 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 26 | provides buffering and is also a placeholder where the encoding |
Daniel Veillard | 63d8314 | 2002-05-20 06:51:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 27 | converters to UTF8 are piggy-backed.</li> |
Daniel Veillard | 0b28e88 | 2002-07-24 23:47:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 28 | <li>Output I/O buffers are similar to the Input ones and fulfill similar |
Daniel Veillard | 9698445 | 2000-08-31 13:50:12 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 29 | task but when generating a serialization from a tree.</li> |
Daniel Veillard | 0b28e88 | 2002-07-24 23:47:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 30 | <li>A mechanism to register sets of I/O callbacks and associate them with |
Daniel Veillard | 9698445 | 2000-08-31 13:50:12 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 31 | specific naming schemes like the protocol part of the URIs. |
| 32 | <p>This affect the default I/O operations and allows to use specific I/O |
| 33 | handlers for certain names.</p> |
Daniel Veillard | 0b28e88 | 2002-07-24 23:47:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 34 | </li> |
Daniel Veillard | 1177ca4 | 2003-04-26 22:29:54 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 35 | </ul><p>The general mechanism used when loading http://rpmfind.net/xml.html for |
| 36 | example in the HTML parser is the following:</p><ol><li>The default entity loader calls <code>xmlNewInputFromFile()</code> with |
Daniel Veillard | 2bb8909 | 2000-08-31 14:57:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 37 | the parsing context and the URI string.</li> |
Daniel Veillard | 0b28e88 | 2002-07-24 23:47:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 38 | <li>the URI string is checked against the existing registered handlers |
Daniel Veillard | b8cfbd1 | 2001-10-25 10:53:28 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 39 | using their match() callback function, if the HTTP module was compiled |
| 40 | in, it is registered and its match() function will succeeds</li> |
Daniel Veillard | 0b28e88 | 2002-07-24 23:47:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 41 | <li>the open() function of the handler is called and if successful will |
Daniel Veillard | 9698445 | 2000-08-31 13:50:12 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 42 | return an I/O Input buffer</li> |
Daniel Veillard | 0b28e88 | 2002-07-24 23:47:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 43 | <li>the parser will the start reading from this buffer and progressively |
Daniel Veillard | 9698445 | 2000-08-31 13:50:12 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 44 | fetch information from the resource, calling the read() function of the |
| 45 | handler until the resource is exhausted</li> |
Daniel Veillard | 0b28e88 | 2002-07-24 23:47:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 46 | <li>if an encoding change is detected it will be installed on the input |
Daniel Veillard | 9698445 | 2000-08-31 13:50:12 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 47 | buffer, providing buffering and efficient use of the conversion |
| 48 | routines</li> |
Daniel Veillard | 0b28e88 | 2002-07-24 23:47:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 49 | <li>once the parser has finished, the close() function of the handler is |
Daniel Veillard | 63d8314 | 2002-05-20 06:51:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 50 | called once and the Input buffer and associated resources are |
Daniel Veillard | 9698445 | 2000-08-31 13:50:12 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 51 | deallocated.</li> |
Daniel Veillard | 1177ca4 | 2003-04-26 22:29:54 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 52 | </ol><p>The user defined callbacks are checked first to allow overriding of the |
Daniel Veillard | 8a46917 | 2003-06-12 16:05:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 53 | default libxml2 I/O routines.</p><h3><a name="basic" id="basic">The basic buffer type</a></h3><p>All the buffer manipulation handling is done using the |
Daniel Veillard | 0b28e88 | 2002-07-24 23:47:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 54 | <code>xmlBuffer</code> type define in <code><a href="http://xmlsoft.org/html/libxml-tree.html">tree.h</a> </code>which is a |
Daniel Veillard | b8cfbd1 | 2001-10-25 10:53:28 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 55 | resizable memory buffer. The buffer allocation strategy can be selected to be |
| 56 | either best-fit or use an exponential doubling one (CPU vs. memory use |
Daniel Veillard | 63d8314 | 2002-05-20 06:51:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 57 | trade-off). The values are <code>XML_BUFFER_ALLOC_EXACT</code> and |
Daniel Veillard | 9698445 | 2000-08-31 13:50:12 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 58 | <code>XML_BUFFER_ALLOC_DOUBLEIT</code>, and can be set individually or on a |
| 59 | system wide basis using <code>xmlBufferSetAllocationScheme()</code>. A number |
| 60 | of functions allows to manipulate buffers with names starting with the |
Daniel Veillard | 1177ca4 | 2003-04-26 22:29:54 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 61 | <code>xmlBuffer...</code> prefix.</p><h3><a name="Input" id="Input">Input I/O handlers</a></h3><p>An Input I/O handler is a simple structure |
Daniel Veillard | 9698445 | 2000-08-31 13:50:12 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 62 | <code>xmlParserInputBuffer</code> containing a context associated to the |
| 63 | resource (file descriptor, or pointer to a protocol handler), the read() and |
| 64 | close() callbacks to use and an xmlBuffer. And extra xmlBuffer and a charset |
| 65 | encoding handler are also present to support charset conversion when |
Daniel Veillard | 1177ca4 | 2003-04-26 22:29:54 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 66 | needed.</p><h3><a name="Output" id="Output">Output I/O handlers</a></h3><p>An Output handler <code>xmlOutputBuffer</code> is completely similar to an |
| 67 | Input one except the callbacks are write() and close().</p><h3><a name="entities" id="entities">The entities loader</a></h3><p>The entity loader resolves requests for new entities and create inputs for |
Daniel Veillard | b8cfbd1 | 2001-10-25 10:53:28 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 68 | the parser. Creating an input from a filename or an URI string is done |
| 69 | through the xmlNewInputFromFile() routine. The default entity loader do not |
| 70 | handle the PUBLIC identifier associated with an entity (if any). So it just |
| 71 | calls xmlNewInputFromFile() with the SYSTEM identifier (which is mandatory in |
Daniel Veillard | 1177ca4 | 2003-04-26 22:29:54 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 72 | XML).</p><p>If you want to hook up a catalog mechanism then you simply need to |
| 73 | override the default entity loader, here is an example:</p><pre>#include <libxml/xmlIO.h> |
Daniel Veillard | 2bb8909 | 2000-08-31 14:57:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 74 | |
| 75 | xmlExternalEntityLoader defaultLoader = NULL; |
| 76 | |
| 77 | xmlParserInputPtr |
| 78 | xmlMyExternalEntityLoader(const char *URL, const char *ID, |
| 79 | xmlParserCtxtPtr ctxt) { |
| 80 | xmlParserInputPtr ret; |
| 81 | const char *fileID = NULL; |
| 82 | /* lookup for the fileID depending on ID */ |
| 83 | |
| 84 | ret = xmlNewInputFromFile(ctxt, fileID); |
| 85 | if (ret != NULL) |
| 86 | return(ret); |
| 87 | if (defaultLoader != NULL) |
| 88 | ret = defaultLoader(URL, ID, ctxt); |
| 89 | return(ret); |
| 90 | } |
| 91 | |
| 92 | int main(..) { |
| 93 | ... |
| 94 | |
| 95 | /* |
| 96 | * Install our own entity loader |
| 97 | */ |
| 98 | defaultLoader = xmlGetExternalEntityLoader(); |
| 99 | xmlSetExternalEntityLoader(xmlMyExternalEntityLoader); |
| 100 | |
| 101 | ... |
Daniel Veillard | 1177ca4 | 2003-04-26 22:29:54 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 102 | }</pre><h3><a name="Example2" id="Example2">Example of customized I/O</a></h3><p>This example come from <a href="http://xmlsoft.org/messages/0708.html">a |
Daniel Veillard | 9698445 | 2000-08-31 13:50:12 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 103 | real use case</a>, xmlDocDump() closes the FILE * passed by the application |
Daniel Veillard | b8cfbd1 | 2001-10-25 10:53:28 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 104 | and this was a problem. The <a href="http://xmlsoft.org/messages/0711.html">solution</a> was to redefine a |
Daniel Veillard | 1177ca4 | 2003-04-26 22:29:54 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 105 | new output handler with the closing call deactivated:</p><ol><li>First define a new I/O output allocator where the output don't close |
Daniel Veillard | c0801af | 2002-05-28 16:28:42 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 106 | the file: |
Daniel Veillard | a7ad452 | 2000-08-31 14:19:54 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 107 | <pre>xmlOutputBufferPtr |
| 108 | xmlOutputBufferCreateOwn(FILE *file, xmlCharEncodingHandlerPtr encoder) { |
| 109 | xmlOutputBufferPtr ret; |
| 110 | |
| 111 | if (xmlOutputCallbackInitialized == 0) |
| 112 | xmlRegisterDefaultOutputCallbacks(); |
| 113 | |
| 114 | if (file == NULL) return(NULL); |
| 115 | ret = xmlAllocOutputBuffer(encoder); |
| 116 | if (ret != NULL) { |
| 117 | ret->context = file; |
| 118 | ret->writecallback = xmlFileWrite; |
| 119 | ret->closecallback = NULL; /* No close callback */ |
| 120 | } |
Daniel Veillard | f83a2c7 | 2003-04-08 13:48:40 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 121 | return(ret); |
Daniel Veillard | 9698445 | 2000-08-31 13:50:12 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 122 | } </pre> |
Daniel Veillard | 0b28e88 | 2002-07-24 23:47:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 123 | </li> |
| 124 | <li>And then use it to save the document: |
Daniel Veillard | 9698445 | 2000-08-31 13:50:12 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 125 | <pre>FILE *f; |
Daniel Veillard | a7ad452 | 2000-08-31 14:19:54 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 126 | xmlOutputBufferPtr output; |
| 127 | xmlDocPtr doc; |
Daniel Veillard | 9698445 | 2000-08-31 13:50:12 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 128 | int res; |
Daniel Veillard | a7ad452 | 2000-08-31 14:19:54 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 129 | |
Daniel Veillard | 9698445 | 2000-08-31 13:50:12 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 130 | f = ... |
| 131 | doc = .... |
Daniel Veillard | 9698445 | 2000-08-31 13:50:12 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 132 | |
Daniel Veillard | a7ad452 | 2000-08-31 14:19:54 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 133 | output = xmlOutputBufferCreateOwn(f, NULL); |
| 134 | res = xmlSaveFileTo(output, doc, NULL); |
Daniel Veillard | 9698445 | 2000-08-31 13:50:12 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 135 | </pre> |
Daniel Veillard | 0b28e88 | 2002-07-24 23:47:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 136 | </li> |
Daniel Veillard | 1177ca4 | 2003-04-26 22:29:54 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 137 | </ol><p><a href="bugs.html">Daniel Veillard</a></p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></body></html> |