lib/Transforms/IPO/MergeFunctions.cpp

//===- MergeFunctions.cpp - Merge identical functions ---------------------===//
//
//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
//
// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This pass looks for equivalent functions that are mergable and folds them.
//
// A hash is computed from the function, based on its type and number of
// basic blocks.
//
// Once all hashes are computed, we perform an expensive equality comparison
// on each function pair. This takes n^2/2 comparisons per bucket, so it's
// important that the hash function be high quality. The equality comparison
// iterates through each instruction in each basic block.
//
// When a match is found the functions are folded. If both functions are
// overridable, we move the functionality into a new internal function and
// leave two overridable thunks to it.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// Future work:
//
// * virtual functions.
//
// Many functions have their address taken by the virtual function table for
// the object they belong to. However, as long as it's only used for a lookup
// and call, this is irrelevant, and we'd like to fold such functions.
//
// * switch from n^2 pair-wise comparisons to an n-way comparison for each
// bucket.
//
// * be smarter about bitcasts.
//
// In order to fold functions, we will sometimes add either bitcast instructions
// or bitcast constant expressions. Unfortunately, this can confound further
// analysis since the two functions differ where one has a bitcast and the
// other doesn't. We should learn to look through bitcasts.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#define DEBUG_TYPE "mergefunc"
#include "llvm/Transforms/IPO.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/FoldingSet.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallSet.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/Statistic.h"
#include "llvm/Constants.h"
#include "llvm/InlineAsm.h"
#include "llvm/Instructions.h"
#include "llvm/LLVMContext.h"
#include "llvm/Module.h"
#include "llvm/Pass.h"
#include "llvm/Support/CallSite.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
#include "llvm/Support/ErrorHandling.h"
#include "llvm/Support/IRBuilder.h"
#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
#include "llvm/Target/TargetData.h"
#include <map>
#include <vector>
using namespace llvm;

STATISTIC(NumFunctionsMerged, "Number of functions merged");

namespace {
  /// MergeFunctions finds functions which will generate identical machine code,
  /// by considering all pointer types to be equivalent. Once identified,
  /// MergeFunctions will fold them by replacing a call to one to a call to a
  /// bitcast of the other.
  ///
  class MergeFunctions : public ModulePass {
  public:
    static char ID;
    MergeFunctions() : ModulePass(ID) {}

    bool runOnModule(Module &M);

  private:
    /// PairwiseCompareAndMerge - Given a list of functions, compare each pair
    /// and merge the pairs of equivalent functions.
    bool PairwiseCompareAndMerge(std::vector<Function *> &FnVec);

    /// MergeTwoFunctions - Merge two equivalent functions. Upon completion,
    /// FnVec[j] should never be visited again.
    void MergeTwoFunctions(std::vector<Function *> &FnVec,
                           unsigned i, unsigned j) const;

    /// WriteThunk - Replace G with a simple tail call to bitcast(F). Also
    /// replace direct uses of G with bitcast(F).
    void WriteThunk(Function *F, Function *G) const;

    TargetData *TD;
  };
}

char MergeFunctions::ID = 0;
INITIALIZE_PASS(MergeFunctions, "mergefunc", "Merge Functions", false, false);

ModulePass *llvm::createMergeFunctionsPass() {
  return new MergeFunctions();
}

namespace {
/// FunctionComparator - Compares two functions to determine whether or not
/// they will generate machine code with the same behaviour. TargetData is
/// used if available. The comparator always fails conservatively (erring on the
/// side of claiming that two functions are different).
class FunctionComparator {
public:
  FunctionComparator(TargetData *TD, Function *F1, Function *F2)
    : F1(F1), F2(F2), TD(TD), IDMap1Count(0), IDMap2Count(0) {}

  /// Compare - test whether the two functions have equivalent behaviour.
  bool Compare();

private:
  /// Compare - test whether two basic blocks have equivalent behaviour.
  bool Compare(const BasicBlock *BB1, const BasicBlock *BB2);

  /// Enumerate - Assign or look up previously assigned numbers for the two
  /// values, and return whether the numbers are equal. Numbers are assigned in
  /// the order visited.
  bool Enumerate(const Value *V1, const Value *V2);

  /// isEquivalentOperation - Compare two Instructions for equivalence, similar
  /// to Instruction::isSameOperationAs but with modifications to the type
  /// comparison.
  bool isEquivalentOperation(const Instruction *I1,
                             const Instruction *I2) const;

  /// isEquivalentGEP - Compare two GEPs for equivalent pointer arithmetic.
  bool isEquivalentGEP(const GEPOperator *GEP1, const GEPOperator *GEP2);
  bool isEquivalentGEP(const GetElementPtrInst *GEP1,
                       const GetElementPtrInst *GEP2) {
    return isEquivalentGEP(cast<GEPOperator>(GEP1), cast<GEPOperator>(GEP2));
  }

  /// isEquivalentType - Compare two Types, treating all pointer types as equal.
  bool isEquivalentType(const Type *Ty1, const Type *Ty2) const;

  // The two functions undergoing comparison.
  Function *F1, *F2;

  TargetData *TD;

  typedef DenseMap<const Value *, unsigned long> IDMap;
  IDMap Map1, Map2;
  unsigned long IDMap1Count, IDMap2Count;
};
}

/// Compute a hash guaranteed to be equal for two equivalent functions, but
/// very likely to be different for different functions.
static unsigned long ProfileFunction(const Function *F) {
  const FunctionType *FTy = F->getFunctionType();

  FoldingSetNodeID ID;
  ID.AddInteger(F->size());
  ID.AddInteger(F->getCallingConv());
  ID.AddBoolean(F->hasGC());
  ID.AddBoolean(FTy->isVarArg());
  ID.AddInteger(FTy->getReturnType()->getTypeID());
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = FTy->getNumParams(); i != e; ++i)
    ID.AddInteger(FTy->getParamType(i)->getTypeID());
  return ID.ComputeHash();
}

/// isEquivalentType - any two pointers in the same address space are
/// equivalent. Otherwise, standard type equivalence rules apply.
bool FunctionComparator::isEquivalentType(const Type *Ty1,
                                          const Type *Ty2) const {
  if (Ty1 == Ty2)
    return true;
  if (Ty1->getTypeID() != Ty2->getTypeID())
    return false;

  switch(Ty1->getTypeID()) {
  default:
    llvm_unreachable("Unknown type!");
    // Fall through in Release mode.
  case Type::IntegerTyID:
  case Type::OpaqueTyID:
    // Ty1 == Ty2 would have returned true earlier.
    return false;

  case Type::VoidTyID:
  case Type::FloatTyID:
  case Type::DoubleTyID:
  case Type::X86_FP80TyID:
  case Type::FP128TyID:
  case Type::PPC_FP128TyID:
  case Type::LabelTyID:
  case Type::MetadataTyID:
    return true;

  case Type::PointerTyID: {
    const PointerType *PTy1 = cast<PointerType>(Ty1);
    const PointerType *PTy2 = cast<PointerType>(Ty2);
    return PTy1->getAddressSpace() == PTy2->getAddressSpace();
  }

  case Type::StructTyID: {
    const StructType *STy1 = cast<StructType>(Ty1);
    const StructType *STy2 = cast<StructType>(Ty2);
    if (STy1->getNumElements() != STy2->getNumElements())
      return false;

    if (STy1->isPacked() != STy2->isPacked())
      return false;

    for (unsigned i = 0, e = STy1->getNumElements(); i != e; ++i) {
      if (!isEquivalentType(STy1->getElementType(i), STy2->getElementType(i)))
        return false;
    }
    return true;
  }

  case Type::UnionTyID: {
    const UnionType *UTy1 = cast<UnionType>(Ty1);
    const UnionType *UTy2 = cast<UnionType>(Ty2);

    if (UTy1->getNumElements() != UTy2->getNumElements())
      return false;

    for (unsigned i = 0, e = UTy1->getNumElements(); i != e; ++i) {
      if (!isEquivalentType(UTy1->getElementType(i), UTy2->getElementType(i)))
        return false;
    }
    return true;
  }

  case Type::FunctionTyID: {
    const FunctionType *FTy1 = cast<FunctionType>(Ty1);
    const FunctionType *FTy2 = cast<FunctionType>(Ty2);
    if (FTy1->getNumParams() != FTy2->getNumParams() ||
        FTy1->isVarArg() != FTy2->isVarArg())
      return false;

    if (!isEquivalentType(FTy1->getReturnType(), FTy2->getReturnType()))
      return false;

    for (unsigned i = 0, e = FTy1->getNumParams(); i != e; ++i) {
      if (!isEquivalentType(FTy1->getParamType(i), FTy2->getParamType(i)))
        return false;
    }
    return true;
  }

  case Type::ArrayTyID: {
    const ArrayType *ATy1 = cast<ArrayType>(Ty1);
    const ArrayType *ATy2 = cast<ArrayType>(Ty2);
    return ATy1->getNumElements() == ATy2->getNumElements() &&
           isEquivalentType(ATy1->getElementType(), ATy2->getElementType());
  }

  case Type::VectorTyID: {
    const VectorType *VTy1 = cast<VectorType>(Ty1);
    const VectorType *VTy2 = cast<VectorType>(Ty2);
    return VTy1->getNumElements() == VTy2->getNumElements() &&
           isEquivalentType(VTy1->getElementType(), VTy2->getElementType());
  }
  }
}

/// isEquivalentOperation - determine whether the two operations are the same
/// except that pointer-to-A and pointer-to-B are equivalent. This should be
/// kept in sync with Instruction::isSameOperationAs.
bool FunctionComparator::isEquivalentOperation(const Instruction *I1,
                                               const Instruction *I2) const {
  if (I1->getOpcode() != I2->getOpcode() ||
      I1->getNumOperands() != I2->getNumOperands() ||
      !isEquivalentType(I1->getType(), I2->getType()) ||
      !I1->hasSameSubclassOptionalData(I2))
    return false;

  // We have two instructions of identical opcode and #operands.  Check to see
  // if all operands are the same type
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = I1->getNumOperands(); i != e; ++i)
    if (!isEquivalentType(I1->getOperand(i)->getType(),
                          I2->getOperand(i)->getType()))
      return false;

  // Check special state that is a part of some instructions.
  if (const LoadInst *LI = dyn_cast<LoadInst>(I1))
    return LI->isVolatile() == cast<LoadInst>(I2)->isVolatile() &&
           LI->getAlignment() == cast<LoadInst>(I2)->getAlignment();
  if (const StoreInst *SI = dyn_cast<StoreInst>(I1))
    return SI->isVolatile() == cast<StoreInst>(I2)->isVolatile() &&
           SI->getAlignment() == cast<StoreInst>(I2)->getAlignment();
  if (const CmpInst *CI = dyn_cast<CmpInst>(I1))
    return CI->getPredicate() == cast<CmpInst>(I2)->getPredicate();
  if (const CallInst *CI = dyn_cast<CallInst>(I1))
    return CI->isTailCall() == cast<CallInst>(I2)->isTailCall() &&
           CI->getCallingConv() == cast<CallInst>(I2)->getCallingConv() &&
           CI->getAttributes().getRawPointer() ==
             cast<CallInst>(I2)->getAttributes().getRawPointer();
  if (const InvokeInst *CI = dyn_cast<InvokeInst>(I1))
    return CI->getCallingConv() == cast<InvokeInst>(I2)->getCallingConv() &&
           CI->getAttributes().getRawPointer() ==
             cast<InvokeInst>(I2)->getAttributes().getRawPointer();
  if (const InsertValueInst *IVI = dyn_cast<InsertValueInst>(I1)) {
    if (IVI->getNumIndices() != cast<InsertValueInst>(I2)->getNumIndices())
      return false;
    for (unsigned i = 0, e = IVI->getNumIndices(); i != e; ++i)
      if (IVI->idx_begin()[i] != cast<InsertValueInst>(I2)->idx_begin()[i])
        return false;
    return true;
  }
  if (const ExtractValueInst *EVI = dyn_cast<ExtractValueInst>(I1)) {
    if (EVI->getNumIndices() != cast<ExtractValueInst>(I2)->getNumIndices())
      return false;
    for (unsigned i = 0, e = EVI->getNumIndices(); i != e; ++i)
      if (EVI->idx_begin()[i] != cast<ExtractValueInst>(I2)->idx_begin()[i])
        return false;
    return true;
  }

  return true;
}

/// isEquivalentGEP - determine whether two GEP operations perform the same
/// underlying arithmetic.
bool FunctionComparator::isEquivalentGEP(const GEPOperator *GEP1,
                                         const GEPOperator *GEP2) {
  // When we have target data, we can reduce the GEP down to the value in bytes
  // added to the address.
  if (TD && GEP1->hasAllConstantIndices() && GEP2->hasAllConstantIndices()) {
    SmallVector<Value *, 8> Indices1(GEP1->idx_begin(), GEP1->idx_end());
    SmallVector<Value *, 8> Indices2(GEP2->idx_begin(), GEP2->idx_end());
    uint64_t Offset1 = TD->getIndexedOffset(GEP1->getPointerOperandType(),
                                            Indices1.data(), Indices1.size());
    uint64_t Offset2 = TD->getIndexedOffset(GEP2->getPointerOperandType(),
                                            Indices2.data(), Indices2.size());
    return Offset1 == Offset2;
  }

  if (GEP1->getPointerOperand()->getType() !=
      GEP2->getPointerOperand()->getType())
    return false;

  if (GEP1->getNumOperands() != GEP2->getNumOperands())
    return false;

  for (unsigned i = 0, e = GEP1->getNumOperands(); i != e; ++i) {
    if (!Enumerate(GEP1->getOperand(i), GEP2->getOperand(i)))
      return false;
  }

  return true;
}

/// Enumerate - Compare two values used by the two functions under pair-wise
/// comparison. If this is the first time the values are seen, they're added to
/// the mapping so that we will detect mismatches on next use.
bool FunctionComparator::Enumerate(const Value *V1, const Value *V2) {
  // Check for function @f1 referring to itself and function @f2 referring to
  // itself, or referring to each other, or both referring to either of them.
  // They're all equivalent if the two functions are otherwise equivalent.
  if (V1 == F1 && V2 == F2)
    return true;
  if (V1 == F2 && V2 == F1)
    return true;

  // TODO: constant expressions with GEP or references to F1 or F2.
  if (isa<Constant>(V1))
    return V1 == V2;

  if (isa<InlineAsm>(V1) && isa<InlineAsm>(V2)) {
    const InlineAsm *IA1 = cast<InlineAsm>(V1);
    const InlineAsm *IA2 = cast<InlineAsm>(V2);
    return IA1->getAsmString() == IA2->getAsmString() &&
           IA1->getConstraintString() == IA2->getConstraintString();
  }

  unsigned long &ID1 = Map1[V1];
  if (!ID1)
    ID1 = ++IDMap1Count;

  unsigned long &ID2 = Map2[V2];
  if (!ID2)
    ID2 = ++IDMap2Count;

  return ID1 == ID2;
}

/// Compare - test whether two basic blocks have equivalent behaviour.
bool FunctionComparator::Compare(const BasicBlock *BB1, const BasicBlock *BB2) {
  BasicBlock::const_iterator F1I = BB1->begin(), F1E = BB1->end();
  BasicBlock::const_iterator F2I = BB2->begin(), F2E = BB2->end();

  do {
    if (!Enumerate(F1I, F2I))
      return false;

    if (const GetElementPtrInst *GEP1 = dyn_cast<GetElementPtrInst>(F1I)) {
      const GetElementPtrInst *GEP2 = dyn_cast<GetElementPtrInst>(F2I);
      if (!GEP2)
        return false;

      if (!Enumerate(GEP1->getPointerOperand(), GEP2->getPointerOperand()))
        return false;

      if (!isEquivalentGEP(GEP1, GEP2))
        return false;
    } else {
      if (!isEquivalentOperation(F1I, F2I))
        return false;

      assert(F1I->getNumOperands() == F2I->getNumOperands());
      for (unsigned i = 0, e = F1I->getNumOperands(); i != e; ++i) {
        Value *OpF1 = F1I->getOperand(i);
        Value *OpF2 = F2I->getOperand(i);

        if (!Enumerate(OpF1, OpF2))
          return false;

        if (OpF1->getValueID() != OpF2->getValueID() ||
            !isEquivalentType(OpF1->getType(), OpF2->getType()))
          return false;
      }
    }

    ++F1I, ++F2I;
  } while (F1I != F1E && F2I != F2E);

  return F1I == F1E && F2I == F2E;
}

/// Compare - test whether the two functions have equivalent behaviour.
bool FunctionComparator::Compare() {
  // We need to recheck everything, but check the things that weren't included
  // in the hash first.

  if (F1->getAttributes() != F2->getAttributes())
    return false;

  if (F1->hasGC() != F2->hasGC())
    return false;

  if (F1->hasGC() && F1->getGC() != F2->getGC())
    return false;

  if (F1->hasSection() != F2->hasSection())
    return false;

  if (F1->hasSection() && F1->getSection() != F2->getSection())
    return false;

  if (F1->isVarArg() != F2->isVarArg())
    return false;

  // TODO: if it's internal and only used in direct calls, we could handle this
  // case too.
  if (F1->getCallingConv() != F2->getCallingConv())
    return false;

  if (!isEquivalentType(F1->getFunctionType(), F2->getFunctionType()))
    return false;

  assert(F1->arg_size() == F2->arg_size() &&
         "Identical functions have a different number of args.");

  // Visit the arguments so that they get enumerated in the order they're
  // passed in.
  for (Function::const_arg_iterator f1i = F1->arg_begin(),
         f2i = F2->arg_begin(), f1e = F1->arg_end(); f1i != f1e; ++f1i, ++f2i) {
    if (!Enumerate(f1i, f2i))
      llvm_unreachable("Arguments repeat");
  }

  // We do a CFG-ordered walk since the actual ordering of the blocks in the
  // linked list is immaterial. Our walk starts at the entry block for both
  // functions, then takes each block from each terminator in order. As an
  // artifact, this also means that unreachable blocks are ignored.
  SmallVector<const BasicBlock *, 8> F1BBs, F2BBs;
  SmallSet<const BasicBlock *, 128> VisitedBBs; // in terms of F1.

  F1BBs.push_back(&F1->getEntryBlock());
  F2BBs.push_back(&F2->getEntryBlock());

  VisitedBBs.insert(F1BBs[0]);
  while (!F1BBs.empty()) {
    const BasicBlock *F1BB = F1BBs.pop_back_val();
    const BasicBlock *F2BB = F2BBs.pop_back_val();

    if (!Enumerate(F1BB, F2BB) || !Compare(F1BB, F2BB))
      return false;

    const TerminatorInst *F1TI = F1BB->getTerminator();
    const TerminatorInst *F2TI = F2BB->getTerminator();

    assert(F1TI->getNumSuccessors() == F2TI->getNumSuccessors());
    for (unsigned i = 0, e = F1TI->getNumSuccessors(); i != e; ++i) {
      if (!VisitedBBs.insert(F1TI->getSuccessor(i)))
        continue;

      F1BBs.push_back(F1TI->getSuccessor(i));
      F2BBs.push_back(F2TI->getSuccessor(i));
    }
  }
  return true;
}

/// WriteThunk - Replace G with a simple tail call to bitcast(F). Also replace
/// direct uses of G with bitcast(F).
void MergeFunctions::WriteThunk(Function *F, Function *G) const {
  if (!G->mayBeOverridden()) {
    // Redirect direct callers of G to F.
    Constant *BitcastF = ConstantExpr::getBitCast(F, G->getType());
    for (Value::use_iterator UI = G->use_begin(), UE = G->use_end();
         UI != UE;) {
      Value::use_iterator TheIter = UI;
      ++UI;
      CallSite CS(*TheIter);
      if (CS && CS.isCallee(TheIter))
        TheIter.getUse().set(BitcastF);
    }
  }

  // If G was internal then we may have replaced all uses if G with F. If so,
  // stop here and delete G. There's no need for a thunk.
  if (G->hasLocalLinkage() && G->use_empty()) {
    G->eraseFromParent();
    return;
  }

  Function *NewG = Function::Create(G->getFunctionType(), G->getLinkage(), "",
                                    G->getParent());
  BasicBlock *BB = BasicBlock::Create(F->getContext(), "", NewG);
  IRBuilder<false> Builder(BB);

  SmallVector<Value *, 16> Args;
  unsigned i = 0;
  const FunctionType *FFTy = F->getFunctionType();
  for (Function::arg_iterator AI = NewG->arg_begin(), AE = NewG->arg_end();
       AI != AE; ++AI) {
    Args.push_back(Builder.CreateBitCast(AI, FFTy->getParamType(i)));
    ++i;
  }

  CallInst *CI = Builder.CreateCall(F, Args.begin(), Args.end());
  CI->setTailCall();
  CI->setCallingConv(F->getCallingConv());
  if (NewG->getReturnType()->isVoidTy()) {
    Builder.CreateRetVoid();
  } else {
    Builder.CreateRet(Builder.CreateBitCast(CI, NewG->getReturnType()));
  }

  NewG->copyAttributesFrom(G);
  NewG->takeName(G);
  G->replaceAllUsesWith(NewG);
  G->eraseFromParent();
}

/// MergeTwoFunctions - Merge two equivalent functions. Upon completion,
/// FnVec[j] is deleted but not removed from the vector.
void MergeFunctions::MergeTwoFunctions(std::vector<Function *> &FnVec,
                                       unsigned i, unsigned j) const {
  Function *F = FnVec[i];
  Function *G = FnVec[j];

  if (F->isWeakForLinker() && !G->isWeakForLinker()) {
    std::swap(FnVec[i], FnVec[j]);
    std::swap(F, G);
  }

  if (F->isWeakForLinker()) {
    assert(G->isWeakForLinker());

    // Make them both thunks to the same internal function.
    Function *H = Function::Create(F->getFunctionType(), F->getLinkage(), "",
                                   F->getParent());
    H->copyAttributesFrom(F);
    H->takeName(F);
    F->replaceAllUsesWith(H);

    unsigned MaxAlignment = std::max(G->getAlignment(), H->getAlignment());

    WriteThunk(F, G);
    WriteThunk(F, H);

    F->setAlignment(MaxAlignment);
    F->setLinkage(GlobalValue::InternalLinkage);
  } else {
    WriteThunk(F, G);
  }

  ++NumFunctionsMerged;
}

/// PairwiseCompareAndMerge - Given a list of functions, compare each pair and
/// merge the pairs of equivalent functions.
bool MergeFunctions::PairwiseCompareAndMerge(std::vector<Function *> &FnVec) {
  bool Changed = false;
  for (int i = 0, e = FnVec.size(); i != e; ++i) {
    for (int j = i + 1; j != e; ++j) {
      bool isEqual = FunctionComparator(TD, FnVec[i], FnVec[j]).Compare();

      DEBUG(dbgs() << "  " << FnVec[i]->getName()
            << (isEqual ? " == " : " != ") << FnVec[j]->getName() << "\n");

      if (isEqual) {
        MergeTwoFunctions(FnVec, i, j);
        Changed = true;
        FnVec.erase(FnVec.begin() + j);
        --j, --e;
      }
    }
  }
  return Changed;
}

bool MergeFunctions::runOnModule(Module &M) {
  bool Changed = false;

  std::map<unsigned long, std::vector<Function *> > FnMap;

  for (Module::iterator F = M.begin(), E = M.end(); F != E; ++F) {
    if (F->isDeclaration() || F->hasAvailableExternallyLinkage())
      continue;

    FnMap[ProfileFunction(F)].push_back(F);
  }

  TD = getAnalysisIfAvailable<TargetData>();

  bool LocalChanged;
  do {
    LocalChanged = false;
    DEBUG(dbgs() << "size: " << FnMap.size() << "\n");
    for (std::map<unsigned long, std::vector<Function *> >::iterator
           I = FnMap.begin(), E = FnMap.end(); I != E; ++I) {
      std::vector<Function *> &FnVec = I->second;
      DEBUG(dbgs() << "hash (" << I->first << "): " << FnVec.size() << "\n");
      LocalChanged |= PairwiseCompareAndMerge(FnVec);
    }
    Changed |= LocalChanged;
  } while (LocalChanged);

  return Changed;
}