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5 <title>How to submit an LLVM bug report</title>
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Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +00009
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +000010<div class="doc_title">
11 How to submit an LLVM bug report
12</div>
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +000013
Reid Spencerd3f876c2004-11-01 08:19:36 +000014<table class="layout" style="width: 90%" >
15<tr class="layout">
16 <td class="left">
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +000017<ol>
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +000018 <li><a href="#introduction">Introduction - Got bugs?</a></li>
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +000019 <li><a href="#crashers">Crashing Bugs</a>
20 <ul>
21 <li><a href="#front-end">Front-end bugs</a>
22 <li><a href="#gccas">GCCAS bugs</a>
23 <li><a href="#gccld">GCCLD bugs</a>
24 <li><a href="#passes">Bugs in LLVM passes</a>
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +000025 </ul></li>
26 <li><a href="#miscompilations">Miscompilations</a></li>
27 <li><a href="#codegen">Incorrect code generation (JIT and LLC)</a></li>
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +000028</ol>
Chris Lattner4129b2a2004-05-23 21:05:39 +000029<div class="doc_author">
30 <p>Written by <a href="mailto:sabre@nondot.org">Chris Lattner</a> and
31 <a href="http://misha.brukman.net">Misha Brukman</a></p>
Reid Spencer97510e72004-11-01 08:24:13 +000032</div>
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +000033</td>
Reid Spencerd3f876c2004-11-01 08:19:36 +000034<td class="right">
Misha Brukmane849a1a2004-05-12 21:26:16 +000035 <img src="img/Debugging.gif" alt="Debugging" width="444" height="314">
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +000036</td>
37</tr>
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +000038</table>
39
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +000040<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +000041<div class="doc_section">
42 <a name="introduction">Introduction - Got bugs?</a>
43</div>
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +000044<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
45
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +000046<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +000047
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +000048<p>If you're working with LLVM and run into a bug, we definitely want to know
49about it. This document describes what you can do to increase the odds of
50getting it fixed quickly.</p>
51
52<p>Basically you have to do two things at a minimum. First, decide whether the
53bug <a href="#crashers">crashes the compiler</a> (or an LLVM pass), or if the
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +000054compiler is <a href="#miscompilations">miscompiling</a> the program. Based on
55what type of bug it is, follow the instructions in the linked section to narrow
56down the bug so that the person who fixes it will be able to find the problem
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +000057more easily.</p>
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +000058
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +000059<p>Once you have a reduced test-case, go to <a
60href="http://llvm.cs.uiuc.edu/bugs/enter_bug.cgi">the LLVM Bug Tracking
61System</a>, select the category in which the bug falls, and fill out the form
62with the necessary details. The bug description should contain the following
63information:</p>
64
John Criswell4d37c7b2003-10-22 15:06:11 +000065<ul>
Misha Brukmanafac73e2003-10-22 17:01:44 +000066 <li>All information necessary to reproduce the problem.</li>
67 <li>The reduced test-case that triggers the bug.</li>
68 <li>The location where you obtained LLVM (if not from our CVS
69 repository).</li>
John Criswell4d37c7b2003-10-22 15:06:11 +000070</ul>
71
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +000072<p>Thanks for helping us make LLVM better!</p>
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +000073
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +000074</div>
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +000075
76<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +000077<div class="doc_section">
78 <a name="crashers">Crashing Bugs</a>
79</div>
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +000080<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
81
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +000082<div class="doc_text">
83
84<p>More often than not, bugs in the compiler cause it to crash - often due to an
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +000085assertion failure of some sort. If you are running <tt><b>opt</b></tt> or
86<tt><b>analyze</b></tt> directly, and something crashes, jump to the section on
87<a href="#passes">bugs in LLVM passes</a>. Otherwise, the most important
88piece of the puzzle is to figure out if it is the GCC-based front-end that is
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +000089buggy or if it's one of the LLVM tools that has problems.</p>
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +000090
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +000091<p>To figure out which program is crashing (the front-end,
92<tt><b>gccas</b></tt>, or <tt><b>gccld</b></tt>), run the
93<tt><b>llvm-gcc</b></tt> command line as you were when the crash occurred, but
94add a <tt>-v</tt> option to the command line. The compiler will print out a
John Criswell79926912004-03-12 20:42:16 +000095bunch of stuff, and should end with telling you that one of
96<tt><b>cc1</b>/<b>cc1plus</b></tt>, <tt><b>gccas</b></tt>, or
97<tt><b>gccld</b></tt> crashed.</p>
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +000098
99<ul>
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000100
John Criswell79926912004-03-12 20:42:16 +0000101 <li>If <tt><b>cc1</b></tt> or <tt><b>cc1plus</b></tt> crashed, you found a
102 problem with the front-end.
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000103 Jump ahead to the section on <a href="#front-end">front-end bugs</a>.</li>
104
105 <li>If <tt><b>gccas</b></tt> crashed, you found a bug in <a href="#gccas">one
106 of the passes in <tt><b>gccas</b></tt></a>.</li>
107
108 <li>If <tt><b>gccld</b></tt> crashed, you found a bug in <a href="#gccld">one
109 of the passes in <tt><b>gccld</b></tt></a>.</li>
110
111 <li>Otherwise, something really weird happened. Email the list with what you
112 have at this point.</li>
113
114</ul>
115
116</div>
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000117
118<!-- ======================================================================= -->
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000119<div class="doc_subsection">
120 <a name="front-end">Front-end bugs</a>
121</div>
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000122
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000123<div class="doc_text">
124
125<p>If the problem is in the front-end, you should re-run the same
Brian Gaekeeefe9792003-05-23 21:03:50 +0000126<tt>llvm-gcc</tt> command that resulted in the crash, but add the
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000127<tt>-save-temps</tt> option. The compiler will crash again, but it will leave
128behind a <tt><i>foo</i>.i</tt> file (containing preprocessed C source code) and
129possibly <tt><i>foo</i>.s</tt> (containing LLVM assembly code), for each
130compiled <tt><i>foo</i>.c</tt> file. Send us the <tt><i>foo</i>.i</tt> file,
131along with a brief description of the error it caused.</p>
132
133</div>
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000134
135<!-- ======================================================================= -->
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000136<div class="doc_subsection">
137 <a name="gccas">GCCAS bugs</a>
138</div>
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000139
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000140<div class="doc_text">
141
142<p>If you find that a bug crashes in the <tt><b>gccas</b></tt> stage of
Brian Gaekeeefe9792003-05-23 21:03:50 +0000143compilation, compile your test-case to a <tt>.s</tt> file with the
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000144<tt>-save-temps</tt> option to <tt><b>llvm-gcc</b></tt>. Then run:</p>
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000145
Misha Brukmanf4e4feb2004-04-15 20:49:32 +0000146<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattner4129b2a2004-05-23 21:05:39 +0000147<p><tt><b>gccas</b> -debug-pass=Arguments &lt; /dev/null -o - &gt; /dev/null</tt></p>
Misha Brukmanf4e4feb2004-04-15 20:49:32 +0000148</div>
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000149
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000150<p>... which will print a list of arguments, indicating the list of passes that
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000151<tt><b>gccas</b></tt> runs. Once you have the input file and the list of
152passes, go to the section on <a href="#passes">debugging bugs in LLVM
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000153passes</a>.</p>
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000154
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000155</div>
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000156
157<!-- ======================================================================= -->
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000158<div class="doc_subsection">
159 <a name="gccld">GCCLD bugs</a>
160</div>
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000161
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000162<div class="doc_text">
163
164<p>If you find that a bug crashes in the <tt><b>gccld</b></tt> stage of
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000165compilation, gather all of the <tt>.o</tt> bytecode files and libraries that are
166being linked together (the "<tt><b>llvm-gcc</b> -v</tt>" output should include
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000167the full list of objects linked). Then run:</p>
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000168
Misha Brukmanf4e4feb2004-04-15 20:49:32 +0000169<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattner4129b2a2004-05-23 21:05:39 +0000170<p><tt><b>llvm-as</b> &lt; /dev/null &gt; null.bc<br>
171<b>gccld</b> -debug-pass=Arguments null.bc</tt>
172</p>
Misha Brukmanf4e4feb2004-04-15 20:49:32 +0000173</div>
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000174
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000175<p>... which will print a list of arguments, indicating the list of passes that
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000176<tt><b>gccld</b></tt> runs. Once you have the input files and the list of
177passes, go to the section on <a href="#passes">debugging bugs in LLVM
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000178passes</a>.</p>
179
180</div>
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000181
182<!-- ======================================================================= -->
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000183<div class="doc_subsection">
184 <a name="passes">Bugs in LLVM passes</a>
185</div>
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000186
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000187<div class="doc_text">
188
189<p>At this point, you should have some number of LLVM assembly files or bytecode
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000190files and a list of passes which crash when run on the specified input. In
191order to reduce the list of passes (which is probably large) and the input to
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000192something tractable, use the <tt><b>bugpoint</b></tt> tool as follows:</p>
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000193
Misha Brukmanf4e4feb2004-04-15 20:49:32 +0000194<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattner4129b2a2004-05-23 21:05:39 +0000195<p><tt><b>bugpoint</b> &lt;input files&gt; &lt;list of passes&gt;</tt></p>
Misha Brukmanf4e4feb2004-04-15 20:49:32 +0000196</div>
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000197
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000198<p><tt><b>bugpoint</b></tt> will print a bunch of output as it reduces the
199test-case, but it should eventually print something like this:</p>
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000200
Misha Brukmane8cad782004-04-19 03:07:29 +0000201<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattner4129b2a2004-05-23 21:05:39 +0000202<p><tt>
203...<br>
204Emitted bytecode to 'bugpoint-reduced-simplified.bc'<br>
205<br>
206*** You can reproduce the problem with: opt bugpoint-reduced-simplified.bc -licm<br>
207</tt></p>
Misha Brukmane8cad782004-04-19 03:07:29 +0000208</div>
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000209
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000210<p>Once you complete this, please send the LLVM bytecode file and the command
211line to reproduce the problem to the llvmbugs mailing list.</p>
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000212
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000213</div>
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000214
215<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000216<div class="doc_section">
217 <a name="miscompilations">Miscompilations</a>
218</div>
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000219<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
220
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000221<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000222
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000223<p>A miscompilation occurs when a pass does not correctly transform a program,
224thus producing errors that are only noticed during execution. This is different
225from producing invalid LLVM code (i.e., code not in SSA form, using values
226before defining them, etc.) which the verifier will check for after a pass
227finishes its run.</p>
228
Chris Lattner8436c212004-05-11 19:34:27 +0000229<p>If it looks like the LLVM compiler is miscompiling a program, the very first
Misha Brukman300e74b2004-05-12 00:57:24 +0000230thing to check is to make sure it is not using undefined behavior. In
231particular, check to see if the program <a
232href="http://valgrind.kde.org/">valgrind</a>s clean, passes purify, or some
Chris Lattner8436c212004-05-11 19:34:27 +0000233other memory checker tool. Many of the "LLVM bugs" that we have chased down
234ended up being bugs in the program being compiled, not LLVM.</p>
235
236<p>Once you determine that the program itself is not buggy, you should choose
237which code generator you wish to compile the program with (e.g. C backend, the
238JIT, or LLC) and optionally a series of LLVM passes to run. For example:</p>
Misha Brukmanf1d01fb2003-09-17 18:51:47 +0000239
Misha Brukmanf4e4feb2004-04-15 20:49:32 +0000240<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattner4129b2a2004-05-23 21:05:39 +0000241<p><tt>
242<b>bugpoint</b> -run-cbe [... optzn passes ...] file-to-test.bc --args -- [program arguments]</tt></p>
Misha Brukmanf4e4feb2004-04-15 20:49:32 +0000243</div>
Misha Brukmanf1d01fb2003-09-17 18:51:47 +0000244
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000245<p><tt>bugpoint</tt> will try to narrow down your list of passes to the one pass
Misha Brukmanf1d01fb2003-09-17 18:51:47 +0000246that causes an error, and simplify the bytecode file as much as it can to assist
247you. It will print a message letting you know how to reproduce the resulting
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000248error.</p>
249
250</div>
Misha Brukmanf1d01fb2003-09-17 18:51:47 +0000251
252<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000253<div class="doc_section">
254 <a name="codegen">Incorrect code generation</a>
255</div>
Misha Brukmanf1d01fb2003-09-17 18:51:47 +0000256<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
257
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000258<div class="doc_text">
259
260<p>Similarly to debugging incorrect compilation by mis-behaving passes, you can
Misha Brukmanf1d01fb2003-09-17 18:51:47 +0000261debug incorrect code generation by either LLC or the JIT, using
262<tt>bugpoint</tt>. The process <tt>bugpoint</tt> follows in this case is to try
263to narrow the code down to a function that is miscompiled by one or the other
264method, but since for correctness, the entire program must be run,
265<tt>bugpoint</tt> will compile the code it deems to not be affected with the C
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000266Backend, and then link in the shared object it generates.</p>
Misha Brukmanf1d01fb2003-09-17 18:51:47 +0000267
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000268<p>To debug the JIT:</p>
269
Misha Brukmanf4e4feb2004-04-15 20:49:32 +0000270<div class="doc_code">
Misha Brukman1e4ae2b2004-05-14 18:57:24 +0000271<pre>
272bugpoint -run-jit -output=[correct output file] [bytecode file] \
273 --tool-args -- [arguments to pass to lli] \
274 --args -- [program arguments]
275</pre>
Misha Brukmanf4e4feb2004-04-15 20:49:32 +0000276</div>
Misha Brukmanf1d01fb2003-09-17 18:51:47 +0000277
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000278<p>Similarly, to debug the LLC, one would run:</p>
279
Misha Brukmanf4e4feb2004-04-15 20:49:32 +0000280<div class="doc_code">
Misha Brukman1e4ae2b2004-05-14 18:57:24 +0000281<pre>
282bugpoint -run-llc -output=[correct output file] [bytecode file] \
283 --tool-args -- [arguments to pass to llc] \
284 --args -- [program arguments]
285</pre>
Misha Brukmanf4e4feb2004-04-15 20:49:32 +0000286</div>
Misha Brukmanf1d01fb2003-09-17 18:51:47 +0000287
Misha Brukman180e8af2004-04-15 21:01:21 +0000288<p><b>Special note:</b> if you are debugging MultiSource or SPEC tests that
289already exist in the <tt>llvm/test</tt> hierarchy, there is an easier way to
290debug the JIT, LLC, and CBE, using the pre-written Makefile targets, which
291will pass the program options specified in the Makefiles:</p>
292
293<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattner4129b2a2004-05-23 21:05:39 +0000294<p><tt>
295cd llvm/test/../../program<br>
Misha Brukman3c687a02004-05-14 19:04:07 +0000296make bugpoint-jit
Chris Lattner4129b2a2004-05-23 21:05:39 +0000297</tt></p>
Misha Brukman180e8af2004-04-15 21:01:21 +0000298</div>
299
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000300<p>At the end of a successful <tt>bugpoint</tt> run, you will be presented
Misha Brukmanf1d01fb2003-09-17 18:51:47 +0000301with two bytecode files: a <em>safe</em> file which can be compiled with the C
302backend and the <em>test</em> file which either LLC or the JIT
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000303mis-codegenerates, and thus causes the error.</p>
Misha Brukmanf1d01fb2003-09-17 18:51:47 +0000304
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000305<p>To reproduce the error that <tt>bugpoint</tt> found, it is sufficient to do
306the following:</p>
Misha Brukmanf1d01fb2003-09-17 18:51:47 +0000307
308<ol>
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000309
Misha Brukman3c687a02004-05-14 19:04:07 +0000310<li><p>Regenerate the shared object from the safe bytecode file:</p>
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000311
Misha Brukman3c687a02004-05-14 19:04:07 +0000312<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattner4129b2a2004-05-23 21:05:39 +0000313<p><tt>
314<b>llc</b> -march=c safe.bc -o safe.c<br>
Misha Brukman3c687a02004-05-14 19:04:07 +0000315<b>gcc</b> -shared safe.c -o safe.so
Chris Lattner4129b2a2004-05-23 21:05:39 +0000316</tt></p>
Misha Brukman3c687a02004-05-14 19:04:07 +0000317</div></li>
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000318
Misha Brukman3c687a02004-05-14 19:04:07 +0000319<li><p>If debugging LLC, compile test bytecode native and link with the shared
320 object:</p>
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000321
Misha Brukman3c687a02004-05-14 19:04:07 +0000322<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattner4129b2a2004-05-23 21:05:39 +0000323<p><tt>
324<b>llc</b> test.bc -o test.s -f<br>
325<b>gcc</b> test.s safe.so -o test.llc<br>
Misha Brukman3c687a02004-05-14 19:04:07 +0000326./test.llc [program options]
Chris Lattner4129b2a2004-05-23 21:05:39 +0000327</tt></p>
Misha Brukman3c687a02004-05-14 19:04:07 +0000328</div></li>
329
330<li><p>If debugging the JIT, load the shared object and supply the test
331 bytecode:</p>
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000332
Misha Brukman3c687a02004-05-14 19:04:07 +0000333<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattner4129b2a2004-05-23 21:05:39 +0000334<p><tt><b>lli</b> -load=safe.so test.bc [program options]</tt></p>
Misha Brukman3c687a02004-05-14 19:04:07 +0000335</div></li>
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000336
Misha Brukmanf1d01fb2003-09-17 18:51:47 +0000337</ol>
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000338
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000339</div>
340
Chris Lattner8b6be362003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000341<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000342<hr>
Misha Brukman637cab02004-01-15 19:03:47 +0000343<address>
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349 <a href="mailto:sabre@nondot.org">Chris Lattner</a><br>
Misha Brukman94082392003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000350 <a href="http://llvm.cs.uiuc.edu">The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure</a>
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