src/share/bin/java.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1995, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
 */

/*
 * Shared source for 'java' command line tool.
 *
 * If JAVA_ARGS is defined, then acts as a launcher for applications. For
 * instance, the JDK command line tools such as javac and javadoc (see
 * makefiles for more details) are built with this program.  Any arguments
 * prefixed with '-J' will be passed directly to the 'java' command.
 */

/*
 * One job of the launcher is to remove command line options which the
 * vm does not understand and will not process.  These options include
 * options which select which style of vm is run (e.g. -client and
 * -server) as well as options which select the data model to use.
 * Additionally, for tools which invoke an underlying vm "-J-foo"
 * options are turned into "-foo" options to the vm.  This option
 * filtering is handled in a number of places in the launcher, some of
 * it in machine-dependent code.  In this file, the function
 * CheckJvmType removes vm style options and TranslateApplicationArgs
 * removes "-J" prefixes.  The CreateExecutionEnvironment function processes
 * and removes -d<n> options. On unix, there is a possibility that the running
 * data model may not match to the desired data model, in this case an exec is
 * required to start the desired model. If the data models match, then
 * ParseArguments will remove the -d<n> flags. If the data models do not match
 * the CreateExecutionEnviroment will remove the -d<n> flags.
 */


#include "java.h"

/*
 * A NOTE TO DEVELOPERS: For performance reasons it is important that
 * the program image remain relatively small until after SelectVersion
 * CreateExecutionEnvironment have finished their possibly recursive
 * processing. Watch everything, but resist all temptations to use Java
 * interfaces.
 */

static jboolean printVersion = JNI_FALSE; /* print and exit */
static jboolean showVersion = JNI_FALSE;  /* print but continue */
static jboolean printUsage = JNI_FALSE;   /* print and exit*/
static jboolean printXUsage = JNI_FALSE;  /* print and exit*/
static char     *showSettings = NULL;      /* print but continue */

static const char *_program_name;
static const char *_launcher_name;
static jboolean _is_java_args = JNI_FALSE;
static const char *_fVersion;
static const char *_dVersion;
static jboolean _wc_enabled = JNI_FALSE;
static jint _ergo_policy = DEFAULT_POLICY;

/*
 * Entries for splash screen environment variables.
 * putenv is performed in SelectVersion. We need
 * them in memory until UnsetEnv, so they are made static
 * global instead of auto local.
 */
static char* splash_file_entry = NULL;
static char* splash_jar_entry = NULL;

/*
 * List of VM options to be specified when the VM is created.
 */
static JavaVMOption *options;
static int numOptions, maxOptions;

/*
 * Prototypes for functions internal to launcher.
 */
static void SetClassPath(const char *s);
static void SetModulesBootClassPath(const char *s);
static void SelectVersion(int argc, char **argv, char **main_class);
static jboolean ParseArguments(int *pargc, char ***pargv, char **pjarfile,
                               char **pclassname, int *pret, const char *jvmpath);
static jboolean InitializeJVM(JavaVM **pvm, JNIEnv **penv,
                              InvocationFunctions *ifn);
static jstring NewPlatformString(JNIEnv *env, char *s);
static jobjectArray NewPlatformStringArray(JNIEnv *env, char **strv, int strc);
static jclass LoadMainClass(JNIEnv *env, jboolean isJar, char *name);

static void TranslateApplicationArgs(int jargc, const char **jargv, int *pargc, char ***pargv);
static jboolean AddApplicationOptions(int cpathc, const char **cpathv);
static void SetApplicationClassPath(const char**);

static void PrintJavaVersion(JNIEnv *env, jboolean extraLF);
static void PrintUsage(JNIEnv* env, jboolean doXUsage);
static void ShowSettings(JNIEnv* env, char *optString);

static void SetPaths(int argc, char **argv);

static void DumpState();
static jboolean RemovableOption(char *option);

/* Maximum supported entries from jvm.cfg. */
#define INIT_MAX_KNOWN_VMS      10

/* Values for vmdesc.flag */
enum vmdesc_flag {
    VM_UNKNOWN = -1,
    VM_KNOWN,
    VM_ALIASED_TO,
    VM_WARN,
    VM_ERROR,
    VM_IF_SERVER_CLASS,
    VM_IGNORE
};

struct vmdesc {
    char *name;
    int flag;
    char *alias;
    char *server_class;
};
static struct vmdesc *knownVMs = NULL;
static int knownVMsCount = 0;
static int knownVMsLimit = 0;

static void GrowKnownVMs();
static int  KnownVMIndex(const char* name);
static void FreeKnownVMs();
static void ShowSplashScreen();
static jboolean IsWildCardEnabled();

#define ARG_CHECK(n, f, a) if (n < 1) { \
    JLI_ReportErrorMessage(f, a); \
    printUsage = JNI_TRUE; \
    *pret = 1; \
    return JNI_TRUE; \
}

/*
 * Running Java code in primordial thread caused many problems. We will
 * create a new thread to invoke JVM. See 6316197 for more information.
 */
static jlong threadStackSize    = 0;  /* stack size of the new thread */
static jlong maxHeapSize        = 0;  /* max heap size */
static jlong initialHeapSize    = 0;  /* inital heap size */

int JNICALL JavaMain(void * args); /* entry point                  */

typedef struct {
  int     argc;
  char ** argv;
  char *  jarfile;
  char *  classname;
  InvocationFunctions ifn;
} JavaMainArgs;

/*
 * Entry point.
 */
int
JLI_Launch(int argc, char ** argv,              /* main argc, argc */
        int jargc, const char** jargv,          /* java args */
        int appclassc, const char** appclassv,  /* app classpath */
        const char* fullversion,                /* full version defined */
        const char* dotversion,                 /* dot version defined */
        const char* pname,                      /* program name */
        const char* lname,                      /* launcher name */
        jboolean javaargs,                      /* JAVA_ARGS */
        jboolean cpwildcard,                    /* classpath wildcard*/
        jboolean javaw,                         /* windows-only javaw */
        jint ergo                               /* ergonomics class policy */
)
{
    char *jarfile = 0;
    char *classname = 0;
    char *cpath = 0;
    char *main_class = NULL;
    int ret;
    InvocationFunctions ifn;
    jlong start, end;
    char jvmpath[MAXPATHLEN];
    char jrepath[MAXPATHLEN];

    _fVersion = fullversion;
    _dVersion = dotversion;
    _launcher_name = lname;
    _program_name = pname;
    _is_java_args = javaargs;
    _wc_enabled = cpwildcard;
    _ergo_policy = ergo;

    InitLauncher(javaw);
    DumpState();

    /*
     * Make sure the specified version of the JRE is running.
     *
     * There are three things to note about the SelectVersion() routine:
     *  1) If the version running isn't correct, this routine doesn't
     *     return (either the correct version has been exec'd or an error
     *     was issued).
     *  2) Argc and Argv in this scope are *not* altered by this routine.
     *     It is the responsibility of subsequent code to ignore the
     *     arguments handled by this routine.
     *  3) As a side-effect, the variable "main_class" is guaranteed to
     *     be set (if it should ever be set).  This isn't exactly the
     *     poster child for structured programming, but it is a small
     *     price to pay for not processing a jar file operand twice.
     *     (Note: This side effect has been disabled.  See comment on
     *     bugid 5030265 below.)
     */
    SelectVersion(argc, argv, &main_class);

    if (JLI_IsTraceLauncher()) {
        int i;
        printf("Command line args:\n");
        for (i = 0; i < argc ; i++) {
            printf("argv[%d] = %s\n", i, argv[i]);
        }
    }

    CreateExecutionEnvironment(&argc, &argv,
                               jrepath, sizeof(jrepath),
                               jvmpath, sizeof(jvmpath));

    ifn.CreateJavaVM = 0;
    ifn.GetDefaultJavaVMInitArgs = 0;

    if (JLI_IsTraceLauncher()) {
        start = CounterGet();
    }

    if (!LoadJavaVM(jvmpath, &ifn)) {
        return(6);
    }

    if (JLI_IsTraceLauncher()) {
        end   = CounterGet();
    }

    JLI_TraceLauncher("%ld micro seconds to LoadJavaVM\n",
             (long)(jint)Counter2Micros(end-start));

    ++argv;
    --argc;

    if (IsJavaArgs()) {
        /* Preprocess wrapper arguments */
        TranslateApplicationArgs(jargc, jargv, &argc, &argv);
        if (!AddApplicationOptions(appclassc, appclassv)) {
            return(1);
        }
    } else {
        /* Set default CLASSPATH */
        cpath = getenv("CLASSPATH");
        if (cpath == NULL) {
            cpath = ".";
        }
        SetClassPath(cpath);
    }

    /*
     *  Parse command line options; if the return value of
     *  ParseArguments is false, the program should exit.
     */
    if (!ParseArguments(&argc, &argv, &jarfile, &classname, &ret, jvmpath)) {
        return(ret);
    }

    /* Set bootclasspath for modules */
    SetModulesBootClassPath(jrepath);

    /* Override class path if -jar flag was specified */
    if (jarfile != 0) {
        SetClassPath(jarfile);
    }

    /* set the -Dsun.java.command pseudo property */
    SetJavaCommandLineProp(classname, jarfile, argc, argv);

    /* Set the -Dsun.java.launcher pseudo property */
    SetJavaLauncherProp();

    /* set the -Dsun.java.launcher.* platform properties */
    SetJavaLauncherPlatformProps();

    /* Show the splash screen if needed */
    ShowSplashScreen();

    return ContinueInNewThread(&ifn, argc, argv, jarfile, classname, ret);

}
/*
 * Always detach the main thread so that it appears to have ended when
 * the application's main method exits.  This will invoke the
 * uncaught exception handler machinery if main threw an
 * exception.  An uncaught exception handler cannot change the
 * launcher's return code except by calling System.exit.
 *
 * Wait for all non-daemon threads to end, then destroy the VM.
 * This will actually create a trivial new Java waiter thread
 * named "DestroyJavaVM", but this will be seen as a different
 * thread from the one that executed main, even though they are
 * the same C thread.  This allows mainThread.join() and
 * mainThread.isAlive() to work as expected.
 */
#define LEAVE() \
    if ((*vm)->DetachCurrentThread(vm) != 0) { \
        JLI_ReportErrorMessage(JVM_ERROR2); \
        ret = 1; \
    } \
    (*vm)->DestroyJavaVM(vm); \
    return ret \

#define CHECK_EXCEPTION_NULL_LEAVE(e) \
    if ((*env)->ExceptionOccurred(env)) { \
        JLI_ReportExceptionDescription(env); \
        LEAVE(); \
    } \
    if ((e) == NULL) { \
        JLI_ReportErrorMessage(JNI_ERROR); \
        LEAVE(); \
    }

#define CHECK_EXCEPTION_LEAVE(rv) \
    if ((*env)->ExceptionOccurred(env)) { \
        JLI_ReportExceptionDescription(env); \
        ret = (rv); \
        LEAVE(); \
    }

int JNICALL
JavaMain(void * _args)
{
    JavaMainArgs *args = (JavaMainArgs *)_args;
    int argc = args->argc;
    char **argv = args->argv;
    char *jarfile = args->jarfile;
    char *classname = args->classname;
    InvocationFunctions ifn = args->ifn;

    JavaVM *vm = 0;
    JNIEnv *env = 0;
    jclass mainClass;
    jmethodID mainID;
    jobjectArray mainArgs;
    int ret = 0;
    jlong start, end;

    /* Initialize the virtual machine */
    start = CounterGet();
    if (!InitializeJVM(&vm, &env, &ifn)) {
        JLI_ReportErrorMessage(JVM_ERROR1);
        exit(1);
    }

    if (printVersion || showVersion) {
        PrintJavaVersion(env, showVersion);
        CHECK_EXCEPTION_LEAVE(0);
        if (printVersion) {
            LEAVE();
        }
    }

    if (showSettings != NULL) {
        ShowSettings(env, showSettings);
        CHECK_EXCEPTION_LEAVE(1);
    }
    /* If the user specified neither a class name nor a JAR file */
    if (printXUsage || printUsage || (jarfile == 0 && classname == 0)) {
        PrintUsage(env, printXUsage);
        CHECK_EXCEPTION_LEAVE(1);
        LEAVE();
    }

    FreeKnownVMs();  /* after last possible PrintUsage() */

    if (JLI_IsTraceLauncher()) {
        end = CounterGet();
        JLI_TraceLauncher("%ld micro seconds to InitializeJVM\n",
               (long)(jint)Counter2Micros(end-start));
    }

    /* At this stage, argc/argv have the applications' arguments */
    if (JLI_IsTraceLauncher()){
        int i;
        printf("Main-Class is '%s'\n", classname ? classname : "");
        printf("Apps' argc is %d\n", argc);
        for (i=0; i < argc; i++) {
            printf("    argv[%2d] = '%s'\n", i, argv[i]);
        }
    }

    ret = 1;

    /*
     * Get the application's main class.
     *
     * See bugid 5030265.  The Main-Class name has already been parsed
     * from the manifest, but not parsed properly for UTF-8 support.
     * Hence the code here ignores the value previously extracted and
     * uses the pre-existing code to reextract the value.  This is
     * possibly an end of release cycle expedient.  However, it has
     * also been discovered that passing some character sets through
     * the environment has "strange" behavior on some variants of
     * Windows.  Hence, maybe the manifest parsing code local to the
     * launcher should never be enhanced.
     *
     * Hence, future work should either:
     *     1)   Correct the local parsing code and verify that the
     *          Main-Class attribute gets properly passed through
     *          all environments,
     *     2)   Remove the vestages of maintaining main_class through
     *          the environment (and remove these comments).
     */
    if (jarfile != 0) {
        mainClass = LoadMainClass(env, JNI_TRUE, jarfile);
    } else {
        mainClass = LoadMainClass(env, JNI_FALSE, classname);
    }
    CHECK_EXCEPTION_NULL_LEAVE(mainClass);

    /*
     * The LoadMainClass not only loads the main class, it will also ensure
     * that the main method's signature is correct, therefore further checking
     * is not required. The main method is invoked here so that extraneous java
     * stacks are not in the application stack trace.
     */
    mainID = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env, mainClass, "main",
                                       "([Ljava/lang/String;)V");
    CHECK_EXCEPTION_NULL_LEAVE(mainID);

    /* Build argument array */
    mainArgs = NewPlatformStringArray(env, argv, argc);
    CHECK_EXCEPTION_NULL_LEAVE(mainArgs);

    /* Invoke main method. */
    (*env)->CallStaticVoidMethod(env, mainClass, mainID, mainArgs);

    /*
     * The launcher's exit code (in the absence of calls to
     * System.exit) will be non-zero if main threw an exception.
     */
    ret = (*env)->ExceptionOccurred(env) == NULL ? 0 : 1;
    LEAVE();
}

/*
 * Checks the command line options to find which JVM type was
 * specified.  If no command line option was given for the JVM type,
 * the default type is used.  The environment variable
 * JDK_ALTERNATE_VM and the command line option -XXaltjvm= are also
 * checked as ways of specifying which JVM type to invoke.
 */
char *
CheckJvmType(int *pargc, char ***argv, jboolean speculative) {
    int i, argi;
    int argc;
    char **newArgv;
    int newArgvIdx = 0;
    int isVMType;
    int jvmidx = -1;
    char *jvmtype = getenv("JDK_ALTERNATE_VM");

    argc = *pargc;

    /* To make things simpler we always copy the argv array */
    newArgv = JLI_MemAlloc((argc + 1) * sizeof(char *));

    /* The program name is always present */
    newArgv[newArgvIdx++] = (*argv)[0];

    for (argi = 1; argi < argc; argi++) {
        char *arg = (*argv)[argi];
        isVMType = 0;

        if (IsJavaArgs()) {
            if (arg[0] != '-') {
                newArgv[newArgvIdx++] = arg;
                continue;
            }
        } else {
            if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-classpath") == 0 ||
                JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-cp") == 0) {
                newArgv[newArgvIdx++] = arg;
                argi++;
                if (argi < argc) {
                    newArgv[newArgvIdx++] = (*argv)[argi];
                }
                continue;
            }
            if (arg[0] != '-') break;
        }

        /* Did the user pass an explicit VM type? */
        i = KnownVMIndex(arg);
        if (i >= 0) {
            jvmtype = knownVMs[jvmidx = i].name + 1; /* skip the - */
            isVMType = 1;
            *pargc = *pargc - 1;
        }

        /* Did the user specify an "alternate" VM? */
        else if (JLI_StrCCmp(arg, "-XXaltjvm=") == 0 || JLI_StrCCmp(arg, "-J-XXaltjvm=") == 0) {
            isVMType = 1;
            jvmtype = arg+((arg[1]=='X')? 10 : 12);
            jvmidx = -1;
        }

        if (!isVMType) {
            newArgv[newArgvIdx++] = arg;
        }
    }

    /*
     * Finish copying the arguments if we aborted the above loop.
     * NOTE that if we aborted via "break" then we did NOT copy the
     * last argument above, and in addition argi will be less than
     * argc.
     */
    while (argi < argc) {
        newArgv[newArgvIdx++] = (*argv)[argi];
        argi++;
    }

    /* argv is null-terminated */
    newArgv[newArgvIdx] = 0;

    /* Copy back argv */
    *argv = newArgv;
    *pargc = newArgvIdx;

    /* use the default VM type if not specified (no alias processing) */
    if (jvmtype == NULL) {
      char* result = knownVMs[0].name+1;
      /* Use a different VM type if we are on a server class machine? */
      if ((knownVMs[0].flag == VM_IF_SERVER_CLASS) &&
          (ServerClassMachine() == JNI_TRUE)) {
        result = knownVMs[0].server_class+1;
      }
      JLI_TraceLauncher("Default VM: %s\n", result);
      return result;
    }

    /* if using an alternate VM, no alias processing */
    if (jvmidx < 0)
      return jvmtype;

    /* Resolve aliases first */
    {
      int loopCount = 0;
      while (knownVMs[jvmidx].flag == VM_ALIASED_TO) {
        int nextIdx = KnownVMIndex(knownVMs[jvmidx].alias);

        if (loopCount > knownVMsCount) {
          if (!speculative) {
            JLI_ReportErrorMessage(CFG_ERROR1);
            exit(1);
          } else {
            return "ERROR";
            /* break; */
          }
        }

        if (nextIdx < 0) {
          if (!speculative) {
            JLI_ReportErrorMessage(CFG_ERROR2, knownVMs[jvmidx].alias);
            exit(1);
          } else {
            return "ERROR";
          }
        }
        jvmidx = nextIdx;
        jvmtype = knownVMs[jvmidx].name+1;
        loopCount++;
      }
    }

    switch (knownVMs[jvmidx].flag) {
    case VM_WARN:
        if (!speculative) {
            JLI_ReportErrorMessage(CFG_WARN1, jvmtype, knownVMs[0].name + 1);
        }
        /* fall through */
    case VM_IGNORE:
        jvmtype = knownVMs[jvmidx=0].name + 1;
        /* fall through */
    case VM_KNOWN:
        break;
    case VM_ERROR:
        if (!speculative) {
            JLI_ReportErrorMessage(CFG_ERROR3, jvmtype);
            exit(1);
        } else {
            return "ERROR";
        }
    }

    return jvmtype;
}

/* copied from HotSpot function "atomll()" */
static int
parse_size(const char *s, jlong *result) {
  jlong n = 0;
  int args_read = sscanf(s, jlong_format_specifier(), &n);
  if (args_read != 1) {
    return 0;
  }
  while (*s != '\0' && *s >= '0' && *s <= '9') {
    s++;
  }
  // 4705540: illegal if more characters are found after the first non-digit
  if (JLI_StrLen(s) > 1) {
    return 0;
  }
  switch (*s) {
    case 'T': case 't':
      *result = n * GB * KB;
      return 1;
    case 'G': case 'g':
      *result = n * GB;
      return 1;
    case 'M': case 'm':
      *result = n * MB;
      return 1;
    case 'K': case 'k':
      *result = n * KB;
      return 1;
    case '\0':
      *result = n;
      return 1;
    default:
      /* Create JVM with default stack and let VM handle malformed -Xss string*/
      return 0;
  }
}

/*
 * Adds a new VM option with the given given name and value.
 */
void
AddOption(char *str, void *info)
{
    /*
     * Expand options array if needed to accommodate at least one more
     * VM option.
     */
    if (numOptions >= maxOptions) {
        if (options == 0) {
            maxOptions = 4;
            options = JLI_MemAlloc(maxOptions * sizeof(JavaVMOption));
        } else {
            JavaVMOption *tmp;
            maxOptions *= 2;
            tmp = JLI_MemAlloc(maxOptions * sizeof(JavaVMOption));
            memcpy(tmp, options, numOptions * sizeof(JavaVMOption));
            JLI_MemFree(options);
            options = tmp;
        }
    }
    options[numOptions].optionString = str;
    options[numOptions++].extraInfo = info;

    if (JLI_StrCCmp(str, "-Xss") == 0) {
        jlong tmp;
        if (parse_size(str + 4, &tmp)) {
            threadStackSize = tmp;
        }
    }

    if (JLI_StrCCmp(str, "-Xmx") == 0) {
        jlong tmp;
        if (parse_size(str + 4, &tmp)) {
            maxHeapSize = tmp;
        }
    }

    if (JLI_StrCCmp(str, "-Xms") == 0) {
        jlong tmp;
        if (parse_size(str + 4, &tmp)) {
            initialHeapSize = tmp;
        }
    }
}

static void
SetClassPath(const char *s)
{
    char *def;
    const char *orig = s;
    static const char format[] = "-Djava.class.path=%s";
    s = JLI_WildcardExpandClasspath(s);
    def = JLI_MemAlloc(sizeof(format)
                       - 2 /* strlen("%s") */
                       + JLI_StrLen(s));
    sprintf(def, format, s);
    AddOption(def, NULL);
    if (s != orig)
        JLI_MemFree((char *) s);
}

/*
 * Set the bootclasspath for modules.
 * A temporary workaround until jigsaw is integrated into JDK 7.
 */
static void
SetModulesBootClassPath(const char *jrepath)
{
    char *def, *s;
    char pathname[MAXPATHLEN];
    const char separator[] = { FILE_SEPARATOR, '\0' };
    const char *orig = jrepath;
    static const char format[] = "-Xbootclasspath/p:%s";
    struct stat statbuf;

    /* return if jre/lib/rt.jar exists */
    JLI_Snprintf(pathname, sizeof(pathname), "%s%slib%srt.jar", jrepath, separator, separator);
    if (stat(pathname, &statbuf) == 0) {
        return;
    }

    /* return if jre/classes exists */
    JLI_Snprintf(pathname, sizeof(pathname), "%s%sclasses", jrepath, separator);
    if (stat(pathname, &statbuf) == 0) {
        return;
    }

    /* modularized jre */
    JLI_Snprintf(pathname, sizeof(pathname), "%s%slib%s*", jrepath, separator, separator);
    s = (char *) JLI_WildcardExpandClasspath(pathname);
    def = JLI_MemAlloc(sizeof(format)
                       - 2 /* strlen("%s") */
                       + JLI_StrLen(s));
    sprintf(def, format, s);
    AddOption(def, NULL);
    if (s != orig)
        JLI_MemFree((char *) s);
}

/*
 * The SelectVersion() routine ensures that an appropriate version of
 * the JRE is running.  The specification for the appropriate version
 * is obtained from either the manifest of a jar file (preferred) or
 * from command line options.
 * The routine also parses splash screen command line options and
 * passes on their values in private environment variables.
 */
static void
SelectVersion(int argc, char **argv, char **main_class)
{
    char    *arg;
    char    **new_argv;
    char    **new_argp;
    char    *operand;
    char    *version = NULL;
    char    *jre = NULL;
    int     jarflag = 0;
    int     headlessflag = 0;
    int     restrict_search = -1;               /* -1 implies not known */
    manifest_info info;
    char    env_entry[MAXNAMELEN + 24] = ENV_ENTRY "=";
    char    *splash_file_name = NULL;
    char    *splash_jar_name = NULL;
    char    *env_in;
    int     res;

    /*
     * If the version has already been selected, set *main_class
     * with the value passed through the environment (if any) and
     * simply return.
     */
    if ((env_in = getenv(ENV_ENTRY)) != NULL) {
        if (*env_in != '\0')
            *main_class = JLI_StringDup(env_in);
        return;
    }

    /*
     * Scan through the arguments for options relevant to multiple JRE
     * support.  For reference, the command line syntax is defined as:
     *
     * SYNOPSIS
     *      java [options] class [argument...]
     *
     *      java [options] -jar file.jar [argument...]
     *
     * As the scan is performed, make a copy of the argument list with
     * the version specification options (new to 1.5) removed, so that
     * a version less than 1.5 can be exec'd.
     *
     * Note that due to the syntax of the native Windows interface
     * CreateProcess(), processing similar to the following exists in
     * the Windows platform specific routine ExecJRE (in java_md.c).
     * Changes here should be reproduced there.
     */
    new_argv = JLI_MemAlloc((argc + 1) * sizeof(char*));
    new_argv[0] = argv[0];
    new_argp = &new_argv[1];
    argc--;
    argv++;
    while ((arg = *argv) != 0 && *arg == '-') {
        if (JLI_StrCCmp(arg, "-version:") == 0) {
            version = arg + 9;
        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-jre-restrict-search") == 0) {
            restrict_search = 1;
        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-no-jre-restrict-search") == 0) {
            restrict_search = 0;
        } else {
            if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-jar") == 0)
                jarflag = 1;
            /* deal with "unfortunate" classpath syntax */
            if ((JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-classpath") == 0 || JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-cp") == 0) &&
              (argc >= 2)) {
                *new_argp++ = arg;
                argc--;
                argv++;
                arg = *argv;
            }

            /*
             * Checking for headless toolkit option in the some way as AWT does:
             * "true" means true and any other value means false
             */
            if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-Djava.awt.headless=true") == 0) {
                headlessflag = 1;
            } else if (JLI_StrCCmp(arg, "-Djava.awt.headless=") == 0) {
                headlessflag = 0;
            } else if (JLI_StrCCmp(arg, "-splash:") == 0) {
                splash_file_name = arg+8;
            }
            *new_argp++ = arg;
        }
        argc--;
        argv++;
    }
    if (argc <= 0) {    /* No operand? Possibly legit with -[full]version */
        operand = NULL;
    } else {
        argc--;
        *new_argp++ = operand = *argv++;
    }
    while (argc-- > 0)  /* Copy over [argument...] */
        *new_argp++ = *argv++;
    *new_argp = NULL;

    /*
     * If there is a jar file, read the manifest. If the jarfile can't be
     * read, the manifest can't be read from the jar file, or the manifest
     * is corrupt, issue the appropriate error messages and exit.
     *
     * Even if there isn't a jar file, construct a manifest_info structure
     * containing the command line information.  It's a convenient way to carry
     * this data around.
     */
    if (jarflag && operand) {
        if ((res = JLI_ParseManifest(operand, &info)) != 0) {
            if (res == -1)
                JLI_ReportErrorMessage(JAR_ERROR2, operand);
            else
                JLI_ReportErrorMessage(JAR_ERROR3, operand);
            exit(1);
        }

        /*
         * Command line splash screen option should have precedence
         * over the manifest, so the manifest data is used only if
         * splash_file_name has not been initialized above during command
         * line parsing
         */
        if (!headlessflag && !splash_file_name && info.splashscreen_image_file_name) {
            splash_file_name = info.splashscreen_image_file_name;
            splash_jar_name = operand;
        }
    } else {
        info.manifest_version = NULL;
        info.main_class = NULL;
        info.jre_version = NULL;
        info.jre_restrict_search = 0;
    }

    /*
     * Passing on splash screen info in environment variables
     */
    if (splash_file_name && !headlessflag) {
        char* splash_file_entry = JLI_MemAlloc(JLI_StrLen(SPLASH_FILE_ENV_ENTRY "=")+JLI_StrLen(splash_file_name)+1);
        JLI_StrCpy(splash_file_entry, SPLASH_FILE_ENV_ENTRY "=");
        JLI_StrCat(splash_file_entry, splash_file_name);
        putenv(splash_file_entry);
    }
    if (splash_jar_name && !headlessflag) {
        char* splash_jar_entry = JLI_MemAlloc(JLI_StrLen(SPLASH_JAR_ENV_ENTRY "=")+JLI_StrLen(splash_jar_name)+1);
        JLI_StrCpy(splash_jar_entry, SPLASH_JAR_ENV_ENTRY "=");
        JLI_StrCat(splash_jar_entry, splash_jar_name);
        putenv(splash_jar_entry);
    }

    /*
     * The JRE-Version and JRE-Restrict-Search values (if any) from the
     * manifest are overwritten by any specified on the command line.
     */
    if (version != NULL)
        info.jre_version = version;
    if (restrict_search != -1)
        info.jre_restrict_search = restrict_search;

    /*
     * "Valid" returns (other than unrecoverable errors) follow.  Set
     * main_class as a side-effect of this routine.
     */
    if (info.main_class != NULL)
        *main_class = JLI_StringDup(info.main_class);

    /*
     * If no version selection information is found either on the command
     * line or in the manifest, simply return.
     */
    if (info.jre_version == NULL) {
        JLI_FreeManifest();
        JLI_MemFree(new_argv);
        return;
    }

    /*
     * Check for correct syntax of the version specification (JSR 56).
     */
    if (!JLI_ValidVersionString(info.jre_version)) {
        JLI_ReportErrorMessage(SPC_ERROR1, info.jre_version);
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Find the appropriate JVM on the system. Just to be as forgiving as
     * possible, if the standard algorithms don't locate an appropriate
     * jre, check to see if the one running will satisfy the requirements.
     * This can happen on systems which haven't been set-up for multiple
     * JRE support.
     */
    jre = LocateJRE(&info);
    JLI_TraceLauncher("JRE-Version = %s, JRE-Restrict-Search = %s Selected = %s\n",
        (info.jre_version?info.jre_version:"null"),
        (info.jre_restrict_search?"true":"false"), (jre?jre:"null"));

    if (jre == NULL) {
        if (JLI_AcceptableRelease(GetFullVersion(), info.jre_version)) {
            JLI_FreeManifest();
            JLI_MemFree(new_argv);
            return;
        } else {
            JLI_ReportErrorMessage(CFG_ERROR4, info.jre_version);
            exit(1);
        }
    }

    /*
     * If I'm not the chosen one, exec the chosen one.  Returning from
     * ExecJRE indicates that I am indeed the chosen one.
     *
     * The private environment variable _JAVA_VERSION_SET is used to
     * prevent the chosen one from re-reading the manifest file and
     * using the values found within to override the (potential) command
     * line flags stripped from argv (because the target may not
     * understand them).  Passing the MainClass value is an optimization
     * to avoid locating, expanding and parsing the manifest extra
     * times.
     */
    if (info.main_class != NULL) {
        if (JLI_StrLen(info.main_class) <= MAXNAMELEN) {
            (void)JLI_StrCat(env_entry, info.main_class);
        } else {
            JLI_ReportErrorMessage(CLS_ERROR5, MAXNAMELEN);
            exit(1);
        }
    }
    (void)putenv(env_entry);
    ExecJRE(jre, new_argv);
    JLI_FreeManifest();
    JLI_MemFree(new_argv);
    return;
}

/*
 * Parses command line arguments.  Returns JNI_FALSE if launcher
 * should exit without starting vm, returns JNI_TRUE if vm needs
 * to be started to process  given options. *pret (the launcher
 * process return value) is set to 0 for a normal exit.
 */
static jboolean
ParseArguments(int *pargc, char ***pargv, char **pjarfile,
                       char **pclassname, int *pret, const char *jvmpath)
{
    int argc = *pargc;
    char **argv = *pargv;
    jboolean jarflag = JNI_FALSE;
    char *arg;

    *pret = 0;

    while ((arg = *argv) != 0 && *arg == '-') {
        argv++; --argc;
        if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-classpath") == 0 || JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-cp") == 0) {
            ARG_CHECK (argc, ARG_ERROR1, arg);
            SetClassPath(*argv);
            argv++; --argc;
        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-jar") == 0) {
            ARG_CHECK (argc, ARG_ERROR2, arg);
            jarflag = JNI_TRUE;
        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-help") == 0 ||
                   JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-h") == 0 ||
                   JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-?") == 0) {
            printUsage = JNI_TRUE;
            return JNI_TRUE;
        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-version") == 0) {
            printVersion = JNI_TRUE;
            return JNI_TRUE;
        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-showversion") == 0) {
            showVersion = JNI_TRUE;
        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-X") == 0) {
            printXUsage = JNI_TRUE;
            return JNI_TRUE;
/*
 * The following case checks for -XshowSettings OR -XshowSetting:SUBOPT.
 * In the latter case, any SUBOPT value not recognized will default to "all"
 */
        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-XshowSettings") == 0 ||
                JLI_StrCCmp(arg, "-XshowSettings:") == 0) {
            showSettings = arg;
/*
 * The following case provide backward compatibility with old-style
 * command line options.
 */
        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-fullversion") == 0) {
            JLI_ReportMessage("%s full version \"%s\"", _launcher_name, GetFullVersion());
            return JNI_FALSE;
        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-verbosegc") == 0) {
            AddOption("-verbose:gc", NULL);
        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-t") == 0) {
            AddOption("-Xt", NULL);
        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-tm") == 0) {
            AddOption("-Xtm", NULL);
        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-debug") == 0) {
            AddOption("-Xdebug", NULL);
        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-noclassgc") == 0) {
            AddOption("-Xnoclassgc", NULL);
        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-Xfuture") == 0) {
            AddOption("-Xverify:all", NULL);
        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-verify") == 0) {
            AddOption("-Xverify:all", NULL);
        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-verifyremote") == 0) {
            AddOption("-Xverify:remote", NULL);
        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-noverify") == 0) {
            AddOption("-Xverify:none", NULL);
        } else if (JLI_StrCCmp(arg, "-prof") == 0) {
            char *p = arg + 5;
            char *tmp = JLI_MemAlloc(JLI_StrLen(arg) + 50);
            if (*p) {
                sprintf(tmp, "-Xrunhprof:cpu=old,file=%s", p + 1);
            } else {
                sprintf(tmp, "-Xrunhprof:cpu=old,file=java.prof");
            }
            AddOption(tmp, NULL);
        } else if (JLI_StrCCmp(arg, "-ss") == 0 ||
                   JLI_StrCCmp(arg, "-oss") == 0 ||
                   JLI_StrCCmp(arg, "-ms") == 0 ||
                   JLI_StrCCmp(arg, "-mx") == 0) {
            char *tmp = JLI_MemAlloc(JLI_StrLen(arg) + 6);
            sprintf(tmp, "-X%s", arg + 1); /* skip '-' */
            AddOption(tmp, NULL);
        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-checksource") == 0 ||
                   JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-cs") == 0 ||
                   JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-noasyncgc") == 0) {
            /* No longer supported */
            JLI_ReportErrorMessage(ARG_WARN, arg);
        } else if (JLI_StrCCmp(arg, "-version:") == 0 ||
                   JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-no-jre-restrict-search") == 0 ||
                   JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-jre-restrict-search") == 0 ||
                   JLI_StrCCmp(arg, "-splash:") == 0) {
            ; /* Ignore machine independent options already handled */
        } else if (RemovableOption(arg) ) {
            ; /* Do not pass option to vm. */
        } else {
            AddOption(arg, NULL);
        }
    }

    if (--argc >= 0) {
        if (jarflag) {
            *pjarfile = *argv++;
            *pclassname = NULL;
        } else {
            *pjarfile = NULL;
            *pclassname = *argv++;
        }
        *pargc = argc;
        *pargv = argv;
    }
    if (*pjarfile == NULL && *pclassname == NULL) {
        *pret = 1;
    }
    return JNI_TRUE;
}

/*
 * Initializes the Java Virtual Machine. Also frees options array when
 * finished.
 */
static jboolean
InitializeJVM(JavaVM **pvm, JNIEnv **penv, InvocationFunctions *ifn)
{
    JavaVMInitArgs args;
    jint r;

    memset(&args, 0, sizeof(args));
    args.version  = JNI_VERSION_1_2;
    args.nOptions = numOptions;
    args.options  = options;
    args.ignoreUnrecognized = JNI_FALSE;

    if (JLI_IsTraceLauncher()) {
        int i = 0;
        printf("JavaVM args:\n    ");
        printf("version 0x%08lx, ", (long)args.version);
        printf("ignoreUnrecognized is %s, ",
               args.ignoreUnrecognized ? "JNI_TRUE" : "JNI_FALSE");
        printf("nOptions is %ld\n", (long)args.nOptions);
        for (i = 0; i < numOptions; i++)
            printf("    option[%2d] = '%s'\n",
                   i, args.options[i].optionString);
    }

    r = ifn->CreateJavaVM(pvm, (void **)penv, &args);
    JLI_MemFree(options);
    return r == JNI_OK;
}


#define NULL_CHECK0(e) if ((e) == 0) { \
    JLI_ReportErrorMessage(JNI_ERROR); \
    return 0; \
  }

#define NULL_CHECK(e) if ((e) == 0) { \
    JLI_ReportErrorMessage(JNI_ERROR); \
    return; \
  }

static jstring platformEncoding = NULL;
static jstring getPlatformEncoding(JNIEnv *env) {
    if (platformEncoding == NULL) {
        jstring propname = (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, "sun.jnu.encoding");
        if (propname) {
            jclass cls;
            jmethodID mid;
            NULL_CHECK0 (cls = FindBootStrapClass(env, "java/lang/System"));
            NULL_CHECK0 (mid = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(
                                   env, cls,
                                   "getProperty",
                                   "(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/String;"));
            platformEncoding = (*env)->CallStaticObjectMethod (
                                    env, cls, mid, propname);
        }
    }
    return platformEncoding;
}

static jboolean isEncodingSupported(JNIEnv *env, jstring enc) {
    jclass cls;
    jmethodID mid;
    NULL_CHECK0 (cls = FindBootStrapClass(env, "java/nio/charset/Charset"));
    NULL_CHECK0 (mid = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(
                           env, cls,
                           "isSupported",
                           "(Ljava/lang/String;)Z"));
    return (*env)->CallStaticBooleanMethod(env, cls, mid, enc);
}

/*
 * Returns a new Java string object for the specified platform string.
 */
static jstring
NewPlatformString(JNIEnv *env, char *s)
{
    int len = (int)JLI_StrLen(s);
    jclass cls;
    jmethodID mid;
    jbyteArray ary;
    jstring enc;

    if (s == NULL)
        return 0;
    enc = getPlatformEncoding(env);

    ary = (*env)->NewByteArray(env, len);
    if (ary != 0) {
        jstring str = 0;
        (*env)->SetByteArrayRegion(env, ary, 0, len, (jbyte *)s);
        if (!(*env)->ExceptionOccurred(env)) {
            NULL_CHECK0(cls = FindBootStrapClass(env, "java/lang/String"));
            if (isEncodingSupported(env, enc) == JNI_TRUE) {
                NULL_CHECK0(mid = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, cls, "<init>",
                                          "([BLjava/lang/String;)V"));
                str = (*env)->NewObject(env, cls, mid, ary, enc);
            } else {
                /*If the encoding specified in sun.jnu.encoding is not
                  endorsed by "Charset.isSupported" we have to fall back
                  to use String(byte[]) explicitly here without specifying
                  the encoding name, in which the StringCoding class will
                  pickup the iso-8859-1 as the fallback converter for us.
                */
                NULL_CHECK0(mid = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, cls, "<init>",
                                          "([B)V"));
                str = (*env)->NewObject(env, cls, mid, ary);
            }
            (*env)->DeleteLocalRef(env, ary);
            return str;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

/*
 * Returns a new array of Java string objects for the specified
 * array of platform strings.
 */
static jobjectArray
NewPlatformStringArray(JNIEnv *env, char **strv, int strc)
{
    jarray cls;
    jarray ary;
    int i;

    NULL_CHECK0(cls = FindBootStrapClass(env, "java/lang/String"));
    NULL_CHECK0(ary = (*env)->NewObjectArray(env, strc, cls, 0));
    for (i = 0; i < strc; i++) {
        jstring str = NewPlatformString(env, *strv++);
        NULL_CHECK0(str);
        (*env)->SetObjectArrayElement(env, ary, i, str);
        (*env)->DeleteLocalRef(env, str);
    }
    return ary;
}

/*
 * Loads a class and verifies that the main class is present and it is ok to
 * call it for more details refer to the java implementation.
 */
static jclass
LoadMainClass(JNIEnv *env, jboolean isJar, char *name)
{
    jclass cls;
    jmethodID mid;
    jstring str;
    jobject result;
    jlong start, end;

    if (JLI_IsTraceLauncher()) {
        start = CounterGet();
    }
    NULL_CHECK0(cls = FindBootStrapClass(env, "sun/launcher/LauncherHelper"));
    NULL_CHECK0(mid = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env, cls, "checkAndLoadMain",
                                          "(ZZLjava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/Object;"));
    str = (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, name);
    result = (*env)->CallStaticObjectMethod(env, cls, mid, JNI_TRUE, isJar, str);

    if (JLI_IsTraceLauncher()) {
        end   = CounterGet();
        printf("%ld micro seconds to load main class\n",
               (long)(jint)Counter2Micros(end-start));
        printf("----_JAVA_LAUNCHER_DEBUG----\n");
    }

    return (jclass)result;
}

/*
 * For tools, convert command line args thus:
 *   javac -cp foo:foo/"*" -J-ms32m ...
 *   java -ms32m -cp JLI_WildcardExpandClasspath(foo:foo/"*") ...
 *
 * Takes 4 parameters, and returns the populated arguments
 */
static void
TranslateApplicationArgs(int jargc, const char **jargv, int *pargc, char ***pargv)
{
    int argc = *pargc;
    char **argv = *pargv;
    int nargc = argc + jargc;
    char **nargv = JLI_MemAlloc((nargc + 1) * sizeof(char *));
    int i;

    *pargc = nargc;
    *pargv = nargv;

    /* Copy the VM arguments (i.e. prefixed with -J) */
    for (i = 0; i < jargc; i++) {
        const char *arg = jargv[i];
        if (arg[0] == '-' && arg[1] == 'J') {
            *nargv++ = ((arg + 2) == NULL) ? NULL : JLI_StringDup(arg + 2);
        }
    }

    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
        char *arg = argv[i];
        if (arg[0] == '-' && arg[1] == 'J') {
            if (arg[2] == '\0') {
                JLI_ReportErrorMessage(ARG_ERROR3);
                exit(1);
            }
            *nargv++ = arg + 2;
        }
    }

    /* Copy the rest of the arguments */
    for (i = 0; i < jargc ; i++) {
        const char *arg = jargv[i];
        if (arg[0] != '-' || arg[1] != 'J') {
            *nargv++ = (arg == NULL) ? NULL : JLI_StringDup(arg);
        }
    }
    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
        char *arg = argv[i];
        if (arg[0] == '-') {
            if (arg[1] == 'J')
                continue;
            if (IsWildCardEnabled() && arg[1] == 'c'
                && (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-cp") == 0 ||
                    JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-classpath") == 0)
                && i < argc - 1) {
                *nargv++ = arg;
                *nargv++ = (char *) JLI_WildcardExpandClasspath(argv[i+1]);
                i++;
                continue;
            }
        }
        *nargv++ = arg;
    }
    *nargv = 0;
}

/*
 * For our tools, we try to add 3 VM options:
 *      -Denv.class.path=<envcp>
 *      -Dapplication.home=<apphome>
 *      -Djava.class.path=<appcp>
 * <envcp>   is the user's setting of CLASSPATH -- for instance the user
 *           tells javac where to find binary classes through this environment
 *           variable.  Notice that users will be able to compile against our
 *           tools classes (sun.tools.javac.Main) only if they explicitly add
 *           tools.jar to CLASSPATH.
 * <apphome> is the directory where the application is installed.
 * <appcp>   is the classpath to where our apps' classfiles are.
 */
static jboolean
AddApplicationOptions(int cpathc, const char **cpathv)
{
    char *envcp, *appcp, *apphome;
    char home[MAXPATHLEN]; /* application home */
    char separator[] = { PATH_SEPARATOR, '\0' };
    int size, i;

    {
        const char *s = getenv("CLASSPATH");
        if (s) {
            s = (char *) JLI_WildcardExpandClasspath(s);
            /* 40 for -Denv.class.path= */
            envcp = (char *)JLI_MemAlloc(JLI_StrLen(s) + 40);
            sprintf(envcp, "-Denv.class.path=%s", s);
            AddOption(envcp, NULL);
        }
    }

    if (!GetApplicationHome(home, sizeof(home))) {
        JLI_ReportErrorMessage(CFG_ERROR5);
        return JNI_FALSE;
    }

    /* 40 for '-Dapplication.home=' */
    apphome = (char *)JLI_MemAlloc(JLI_StrLen(home) + 40);
    sprintf(apphome, "-Dapplication.home=%s", home);
    AddOption(apphome, NULL);

    /* How big is the application's classpath? */
    size = 40;                                 /* 40: "-Djava.class.path=" */
    for (i = 0; i < cpathc; i++) {
        size += (int)JLI_StrLen(home) + (int)JLI_StrLen(cpathv[i]) + 1; /* 1: separator */
    }
    appcp = (char *)JLI_MemAlloc(size + 1);
    JLI_StrCpy(appcp, "-Djava.class.path=");
    for (i = 0; i < cpathc; i++) {
        JLI_StrCat(appcp, home);                        /* c:\program files\myapp */
        JLI_StrCat(appcp, cpathv[i]);           /* \lib\myapp.jar         */
        JLI_StrCat(appcp, separator);           /* ;                      */
    }
    appcp[JLI_StrLen(appcp)-1] = '\0';  /* remove trailing path separator */
    AddOption(appcp, NULL);
    return JNI_TRUE;
}

/*
 * inject the -Dsun.java.command pseudo property into the args structure
 * this pseudo property is used in the HotSpot VM to expose the
 * Java class name and arguments to the main method to the VM. The
 * HotSpot VM uses this pseudo property to store the Java class name
 * (or jar file name) and the arguments to the class's main method
 * to the instrumentation memory region. The sun.java.command pseudo
 * property is not exported by HotSpot to the Java layer.
 */
void
SetJavaCommandLineProp(char *classname, char *jarfile,
                       int argc, char **argv)
{

    int i = 0;
    size_t len = 0;
    char* javaCommand = NULL;
    char* dashDstr = "-Dsun.java.command=";

    if (classname == NULL && jarfile == NULL) {
        /* unexpected, one of these should be set. just return without
         * setting the property
         */
        return;
    }

    /* if the class name is not set, then use the jarfile name */
    if (classname == NULL) {
        classname = jarfile;
    }

    /* determine the amount of memory to allocate assuming
     * the individual components will be space separated
     */
    len = JLI_StrLen(classname);
    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
        len += JLI_StrLen(argv[i]) + 1;
    }

    /* allocate the memory */
    javaCommand = (char*) JLI_MemAlloc(len + JLI_StrLen(dashDstr) + 1);

    /* build the -D string */
    *javaCommand = '\0';
    JLI_StrCat(javaCommand, dashDstr);
    JLI_StrCat(javaCommand, classname);

    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
        /* the components of the string are space separated. In
         * the case of embedded white space, the relationship of
         * the white space separated components to their true
         * positional arguments will be ambiguous. This issue may
         * be addressed in a future release.
         */
        JLI_StrCat(javaCommand, " ");
        JLI_StrCat(javaCommand, argv[i]);
    }

    AddOption(javaCommand, NULL);
}

/*
 * JVM would like to know if it's created by a standard Sun launcher, or by
 * user native application, the following property indicates the former.
 */
void SetJavaLauncherProp() {
  AddOption("-Dsun.java.launcher=SUN_STANDARD", NULL);
}

/*
 * Prints the version information from the java.version and other properties.
 */
static void
PrintJavaVersion(JNIEnv *env, jboolean extraLF)
{
    jclass ver;
    jmethodID print;

    NULL_CHECK(ver = FindBootStrapClass(env, "sun/misc/Version"));
    NULL_CHECK(print = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env,
                                                 ver,
                                                 (extraLF == JNI_TRUE) ? "println" : "print",
                                                 "()V"
                                                 )
              );

    (*env)->CallStaticVoidMethod(env, ver, print);
}

/*
 * Prints all the Java settings, see the java implementation for more details.
 */
static void
ShowSettings(JNIEnv *env, char *optString)
{
    jclass cls;
    jmethodID showSettingsID;
    jstring joptString;
    NULL_CHECK(cls = FindBootStrapClass(env, "sun/launcher/LauncherHelper"));
    NULL_CHECK(showSettingsID = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env, cls,
            "showSettings", "(ZLjava/lang/String;JJJZ)V"));
    joptString = (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, optString);
    (*env)->CallStaticVoidMethod(env, cls, showSettingsID,
                                 JNI_TRUE,
                                 joptString,
                                 (jlong)initialHeapSize,
                                 (jlong)maxHeapSize,
                                 (jlong)threadStackSize,
                                 ServerClassMachine());
}

/*
 * Prints default usage or the Xusage message, see sun.launcher.LauncherHelper.java
 */
static void
PrintUsage(JNIEnv* env, jboolean doXUsage)
{
  jclass cls;
  jmethodID initHelp, vmSelect, vmSynonym, vmErgo, printHelp, printXUsageMessage;
  jstring jprogname, vm1, vm2;
  int i;

  NULL_CHECK(cls = FindBootStrapClass(env, "sun/launcher/LauncherHelper"));


  if (doXUsage) {
    NULL_CHECK(printXUsageMessage = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env, cls,
                                        "printXUsageMessage", "(Z)V"));
    (*env)->CallStaticVoidMethod(env, cls, printXUsageMessage, JNI_TRUE);
  } else {
    NULL_CHECK(initHelp = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env, cls,
                                        "initHelpMessage", "(Ljava/lang/String;)V"));

    NULL_CHECK(vmSelect = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env, cls, "appendVmSelectMessage",
                                        "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)V"));

    NULL_CHECK(vmSynonym = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env, cls,
                                        "appendVmSynonymMessage",
                                        "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)V"));
    NULL_CHECK(vmErgo = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env, cls,
                                        "appendVmErgoMessage", "(ZLjava/lang/String;)V"));

    NULL_CHECK(printHelp = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env, cls,
                                        "printHelpMessage", "(Z)V"));

    jprogname = (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, _program_name);

    /* Initialize the usage message with the usual preamble */
    (*env)->CallStaticVoidMethod(env, cls, initHelp, jprogname);


    /* Assemble the other variant part of the usage */
    if ((knownVMs[0].flag == VM_KNOWN) ||
        (knownVMs[0].flag == VM_IF_SERVER_CLASS)) {
      vm1 = (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, knownVMs[0].name);
      vm2 =  (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, knownVMs[0].name+1);
      (*env)->CallStaticVoidMethod(env, cls, vmSelect, vm1, vm2);
    }
    for (i=1; i<knownVMsCount; i++) {
      if (knownVMs[i].flag == VM_KNOWN) {
        vm1 =  (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, knownVMs[i].name);
        vm2 =  (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, knownVMs[i].name+1);
        (*env)->CallStaticVoidMethod(env, cls, vmSelect, vm1, vm2);
      }
    }
    for (i=1; i<knownVMsCount; i++) {
      if (knownVMs[i].flag == VM_ALIASED_TO) {
        vm1 =  (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, knownVMs[i].name);
        vm2 =  (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, knownVMs[i].alias+1);
        (*env)->CallStaticVoidMethod(env, cls, vmSynonym, vm1, vm2);
      }
    }

    /* The first known VM is the default */
    {
      jboolean isServerClassMachine = ServerClassMachine();

      const char* defaultVM  =  knownVMs[0].name+1;
      if ((knownVMs[0].flag == VM_IF_SERVER_CLASS) && isServerClassMachine) {
        defaultVM = knownVMs[0].server_class+1;
      }

      vm1 =  (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, defaultVM);
      (*env)->CallStaticVoidMethod(env, cls, vmErgo, isServerClassMachine,  vm1);
    }

    /* Complete the usage message and print to stderr*/
    (*env)->CallStaticVoidMethod(env, cls, printHelp, JNI_TRUE);
  }
  return;
}

/*
 * Read the jvm.cfg file and fill the knownJVMs[] array.
 *
 * The functionality of the jvm.cfg file is subject to change without
 * notice and the mechanism will be removed in the future.
 *
 * The lexical structure of the jvm.cfg file is as follows:
 *
 *     jvmcfg         :=  { vmLine }
 *     vmLine         :=  knownLine
 *                    |   aliasLine
 *                    |   warnLine
 *                    |   ignoreLine
 *                    |   errorLine
 *                    |   predicateLine
 *                    |   commentLine
 *     knownLine      :=  flag  "KNOWN"                  EOL
 *     warnLine       :=  flag  "WARN"                   EOL
 *     ignoreLine     :=  flag  "IGNORE"                 EOL
 *     errorLine      :=  flag  "ERROR"                  EOL
 *     aliasLine      :=  flag  "ALIASED_TO"       flag  EOL
 *     predicateLine  :=  flag  "IF_SERVER_CLASS"  flag  EOL
 *     commentLine    :=  "#" text                       EOL
 *     flag           :=  "-" identifier
 *
 * The semantics are that when someone specifies a flag on the command line:
 * - if the flag appears on a knownLine, then the identifier is used as
 *   the name of the directory holding the JVM library (the name of the JVM).
 * - if the flag appears as the first flag on an aliasLine, the identifier
 *   of the second flag is used as the name of the JVM.
 * - if the flag appears on a warnLine, the identifier is used as the
 *   name of the JVM, but a warning is generated.
 * - if the flag appears on an ignoreLine, the identifier is recognized as the
 *   name of a JVM, but the identifier is ignored and the default vm used
 * - if the flag appears on an errorLine, an error is generated.
 * - if the flag appears as the first flag on a predicateLine, and
 *   the machine on which you are running passes the predicate indicated,
 *   then the identifier of the second flag is used as the name of the JVM,
 *   otherwise the identifier of the first flag is used as the name of the JVM.
 * If no flag is given on the command line, the first vmLine of the jvm.cfg
 * file determines the name of the JVM.
 * PredicateLines are only interpreted on first vmLine of a jvm.cfg file,
 * since they only make sense if someone hasn't specified the name of the
 * JVM on the command line.
 *
 * The intent of the jvm.cfg file is to allow several JVM libraries to
 * be installed in different subdirectories of a single JRE installation,
 * for space-savings and convenience in testing.
 * The intent is explicitly not to provide a full aliasing or predicate
 * mechanism.
 */
jint
ReadKnownVMs(const char *jrepath, const char * arch, jboolean speculative)
{
    FILE *jvmCfg;
    char jvmCfgName[MAXPATHLEN+20];
    char line[MAXPATHLEN+20];
    int cnt = 0;
    int lineno = 0;
    jlong start, end;
    int vmType;
    char *tmpPtr;
    char *altVMName = NULL;
    char *serverClassVMName = NULL;
    static char *whiteSpace = " \t";
    if (JLI_IsTraceLauncher()) {
        start = CounterGet();
    }
    JLI_Snprintf(jvmCfgName, sizeof(jvmCfgName), "%s%slib%s%s%sjvm.cfg",
        jrepath, FILESEP, FILESEP, arch, FILESEP);

    jvmCfg = fopen(jvmCfgName, "r");
    if (jvmCfg == NULL) {
      if (!speculative) {
        JLI_ReportErrorMessage(CFG_ERROR6, jvmCfgName);
        exit(1);
      } else {
        return -1;
      }
    }
    while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), jvmCfg) != NULL) {
        vmType = VM_UNKNOWN;
        lineno++;
        if (line[0] == '#')
            continue;
        if (line[0] != '-') {
            JLI_ReportErrorMessage(CFG_WARN2, lineno, jvmCfgName);
        }
        if (cnt >= knownVMsLimit) {
            GrowKnownVMs(cnt);
        }
        line[JLI_StrLen(line)-1] = '\0'; /* remove trailing newline */
        tmpPtr = line + JLI_StrCSpn(line, whiteSpace);
        if (*tmpPtr == 0) {
            JLI_ReportErrorMessage(CFG_WARN3, lineno, jvmCfgName);
        } else {
            /* Null-terminate this string for JLI_StringDup below */
            *tmpPtr++ = 0;
            tmpPtr += JLI_StrSpn(tmpPtr, whiteSpace);
            if (*tmpPtr == 0) {
                JLI_ReportErrorMessage(CFG_WARN3, lineno, jvmCfgName);
            } else {
                if (!JLI_StrCCmp(tmpPtr, "KNOWN")) {
                    vmType = VM_KNOWN;
                } else if (!JLI_StrCCmp(tmpPtr, "ALIASED_TO")) {
                    tmpPtr += JLI_StrCSpn(tmpPtr, whiteSpace);
                    if (*tmpPtr != 0) {
                        tmpPtr += JLI_StrSpn(tmpPtr, whiteSpace);
                    }
                    if (*tmpPtr == 0) {
                        JLI_ReportErrorMessage(CFG_WARN3, lineno, jvmCfgName);
                    } else {
                        /* Null terminate altVMName */
                        altVMName = tmpPtr;
                        tmpPtr += JLI_StrCSpn(tmpPtr, whiteSpace);
                        *tmpPtr = 0;
                        vmType = VM_ALIASED_TO;
                    }
                } else if (!JLI_StrCCmp(tmpPtr, "WARN")) {
                    vmType = VM_WARN;
                } else if (!JLI_StrCCmp(tmpPtr, "IGNORE")) {
                    vmType = VM_IGNORE;
                } else if (!JLI_StrCCmp(tmpPtr, "ERROR")) {
                    vmType = VM_ERROR;
                } else if (!JLI_StrCCmp(tmpPtr, "IF_SERVER_CLASS")) {
                    tmpPtr += JLI_StrCSpn(tmpPtr, whiteSpace);
                    if (*tmpPtr != 0) {
                        tmpPtr += JLI_StrSpn(tmpPtr, whiteSpace);
                    }
                    if (*tmpPtr == 0) {
                        JLI_ReportErrorMessage(CFG_WARN4, lineno, jvmCfgName);
                    } else {
                        /* Null terminate server class VM name */
                        serverClassVMName = tmpPtr;
                        tmpPtr += JLI_StrCSpn(tmpPtr, whiteSpace);
                        *tmpPtr = 0;
                        vmType = VM_IF_SERVER_CLASS;
                    }
                } else {
                    JLI_ReportErrorMessage(CFG_WARN5, lineno, &jvmCfgName[0]);
                    vmType = VM_KNOWN;
                }
            }
        }

        JLI_TraceLauncher("jvm.cfg[%d] = ->%s<-\n", cnt, line);
        if (vmType != VM_UNKNOWN) {
            knownVMs[cnt].name = JLI_StringDup(line);
            knownVMs[cnt].flag = vmType;
            switch (vmType) {
            default:
                break;
            case VM_ALIASED_TO:
                knownVMs[cnt].alias = JLI_StringDup(altVMName);
                JLI_TraceLauncher("    name: %s  vmType: %s  alias: %s\n",
                   knownVMs[cnt].name, "VM_ALIASED_TO", knownVMs[cnt].alias);
                break;
            case VM_IF_SERVER_CLASS:
                knownVMs[cnt].server_class = JLI_StringDup(serverClassVMName);
                JLI_TraceLauncher("    name: %s  vmType: %s  server_class: %s\n",
                    knownVMs[cnt].name, "VM_IF_SERVER_CLASS", knownVMs[cnt].server_class);
                break;
            }
            cnt++;
        }
    }
    fclose(jvmCfg);
    knownVMsCount = cnt;

    if (JLI_IsTraceLauncher()) {
        end   = CounterGet();
        printf("%ld micro seconds to parse jvm.cfg\n",
               (long)(jint)Counter2Micros(end-start));
    }

    return cnt;
}


static void
GrowKnownVMs(int minimum)
{
    struct vmdesc* newKnownVMs;
    int newMax;

    newMax = (knownVMsLimit == 0 ? INIT_MAX_KNOWN_VMS : (2 * knownVMsLimit));
    if (newMax <= minimum) {
        newMax = minimum;
    }
    newKnownVMs = (struct vmdesc*) JLI_MemAlloc(newMax * sizeof(struct vmdesc));
    if (knownVMs != NULL) {
        memcpy(newKnownVMs, knownVMs, knownVMsLimit * sizeof(struct vmdesc));
    }
    JLI_MemFree(knownVMs);
    knownVMs = newKnownVMs;
    knownVMsLimit = newMax;
}


/* Returns index of VM or -1 if not found */
static int
KnownVMIndex(const char* name)
{
    int i;
    if (JLI_StrCCmp(name, "-J") == 0) name += 2;
    for (i = 0; i < knownVMsCount; i++) {
        if (!JLI_StrCmp(name, knownVMs[i].name)) {
            return i;
        }
    }
    return -1;
}

static void
FreeKnownVMs()
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < knownVMsCount; i++) {
        JLI_MemFree(knownVMs[i].name);
        knownVMs[i].name = NULL;
    }
    JLI_MemFree(knownVMs);
}


/*
 * Displays the splash screen according to the jar file name
 * and image file names stored in environment variables
 */
static void
ShowSplashScreen()
{
    const char *jar_name = getenv(SPLASH_JAR_ENV_ENTRY);
    const char *file_name = getenv(SPLASH_FILE_ENV_ENTRY);
    int data_size;
    void *image_data;
    if (jar_name) {
        image_data = JLI_JarUnpackFile(jar_name, file_name, &data_size);
        if (image_data) {
            DoSplashInit();
            DoSplashLoadMemory(image_data, data_size);
            JLI_MemFree(image_data);
        }
    } else if (file_name) {
        DoSplashInit();
        DoSplashLoadFile(file_name);
    } else {
        return;
    }
    DoSplashSetFileJarName(file_name, jar_name);

    /*
     * Done with all command line processing and potential re-execs so
     * clean up the environment.
     */
    (void)UnsetEnv(ENV_ENTRY);
    (void)UnsetEnv(SPLASH_FILE_ENV_ENTRY);
    (void)UnsetEnv(SPLASH_JAR_ENV_ENTRY);

    JLI_MemFree(splash_jar_entry);
    JLI_MemFree(splash_file_entry);

}

const char*
GetDotVersion()
{
    return _dVersion;
}

const char*
GetFullVersion()
{
    return _fVersion;
}

const char*
GetProgramName()
{
    return _program_name;
}

const char*
GetLauncherName()
{
    return _launcher_name;
}

jint
GetErgoPolicy()
{
    return _ergo_policy;
}

jboolean
IsJavaArgs()
{
    return _is_java_args;
}

static jboolean
IsWildCardEnabled()
{
    return _wc_enabled;
}

static int
ContinueInNewThread(InvocationFunctions* ifn, int argc,
                     char **argv, char *jarfile, char *classname, int ret)
{

    /*
     * If user doesn't specify stack size, check if VM has a preference.
     * Note that HotSpot no longer supports JNI_VERSION_1_1 but it will
     * return its default stack size through the init args structure.
     */
    if (threadStackSize == 0) {
      struct JDK1_1InitArgs args1_1;
      memset((void*)&args1_1, 0, sizeof(args1_1));
      args1_1.version = JNI_VERSION_1_1;
      ifn->GetDefaultJavaVMInitArgs(&args1_1);  /* ignore return value */
      if (args1_1.javaStackSize > 0) {
         threadStackSize = args1_1.javaStackSize;
      }
    }

    { /* Create a new thread to create JVM and invoke main method */
      JavaMainArgs args;
      int rslt;

      args.argc = argc;
      args.argv = argv;
      args.jarfile = jarfile;
      args.classname = classname;
      args.ifn = *ifn;

      rslt = ContinueInNewThread0(JavaMain, threadStackSize, (void*)&args);
      /* If the caller has deemed there is an error we
       * simply return that, otherwise we return the value of
       * the callee
       */
      return (ret != 0) ? ret : rslt;
    }
}

static void
DumpState()
{
    if (!JLI_IsTraceLauncher()) return ;
    printf("Launcher state:\n");
    printf("\tdebug:%s\n", (JLI_IsTraceLauncher() == JNI_TRUE) ? "on" : "off");
    printf("\tjavargs:%s\n", (_is_java_args == JNI_TRUE) ? "on" : "off");
    printf("\tprogram name:%s\n", GetProgramName());
    printf("\tlauncher name:%s\n", GetLauncherName());
    printf("\tjavaw:%s\n", (IsJavaw() == JNI_TRUE) ? "on" : "off");
    printf("\tfullversion:%s\n", GetFullVersion());
    printf("\tdotversion:%s\n", GetDotVersion());
    printf("\tergo_policy:");
    switch(GetErgoPolicy()) {
        case NEVER_SERVER_CLASS:
            printf("NEVER_ACT_AS_A_SERVER_CLASS_MACHINE\n");
            break;
        case ALWAYS_SERVER_CLASS:
            printf("ALWAYS_ACT_AS_A_SERVER_CLASS_MACHINE\n");
            break;
        default:
            printf("DEFAULT_ERGONOMICS_POLICY\n");
    }
}

/*
 * Return JNI_TRUE for an option string that has no effect but should
 * _not_ be passed on to the vm; return JNI_FALSE otherwise.  On
 * Solaris SPARC, this screening needs to be done if:
 *    -d32 or -d64 is passed to a binary with an unmatched data model
 *    (the exec in CreateExecutionEnvironment removes -d<n> options and points the
 *    exec to the proper binary).  In the case of when the data model and the
 *    requested version is matched, an exec would not occur, and these options
 *    were erroneously passed to the vm.
 */
jboolean
RemovableOption(char * option)
{
  /*
   * Unconditionally remove both -d32 and -d64 options since only
   * the last such options has an effect; e.g.
   * java -d32 -d64 -d32 -version
   * is equivalent to
   * java -d32 -version
   */

  if( (JLI_StrCCmp(option, "-d32")  == 0 ) ||
      (JLI_StrCCmp(option, "-d64")  == 0 ) )
    return JNI_TRUE;
  else
    return JNI_FALSE;
}

/*
 * A utility procedure to always print to stderr
 */
void
JLI_ReportMessage(const char* fmt, ...)
{
    va_list vl;
    va_start(vl, fmt);
    vfprintf(stderr, fmt, vl);
    fprintf(stderr, "\n");
    va_end(vl);
}