Introduce core ProtoZero support classes (Part 1)

Introduces the core classes to deal with zero-copy
zero-malloc append-only protobuf generation.
The actual ProtoZeroMessage will come in a separate
CL.

Change-Id: I4b278cfec6409f745532b17e9adaf2bb09ee2c92
diff --git a/protozero/src/scattered_stream_writer_unittest.cc b/protozero/src/scattered_stream_writer_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f47834c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/protozero/src/scattered_stream_writer_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "protozero/scattered_stream_writer.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "cpp_common/base.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "protozero/src/test/fake_scattered_buffer.h"
+
+namespace protozero {
+namespace {
+
+const size_t kChunkSize = 8;
+
+TEST(ScatteredStreamWriterTest, ScatteredWrites) {
+  FakeScatteredBuffer delegate(kChunkSize);
+  ScatteredStreamWriter ssw(&delegate);
+
+  const uint8_t kOneByteBuf[] = {0x40};
+  const uint8_t kThreeByteBuf[] = {0x50, 0x51, 0x52};
+  const uint8_t kFourByteBuf[] = {0x60, 0x61, 0x62, 0x63};
+  uint8_t kTwentyByteBuf[20];
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < sizeof(kTwentyByteBuf); ++i)
+    kTwentyByteBuf[i] = 0xA0 + i;
+
+  // Writing up to the chunk size should cause only the initial extension.
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < kChunkSize; ++i) {
+    ssw.WriteByte(i);
+    EXPECT_EQ(kChunkSize - i - 1, ssw.bytes_available());
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(1u, delegate.chunks().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0u, ssw.bytes_available());
+
+  // This extra write will cause the first extension.
+  ssw.WriteBytes(kOneByteBuf, sizeof(kOneByteBuf));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2u, delegate.chunks().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(7u, ssw.bytes_available());
+
+  // This starts at offset 1, to make sure we don't hardcode any assumption
+  // about alignment.
+  ContiguousMemoryRange reserved_range_1 = ssw.ReserveBytes(4);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2u, delegate.chunks().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(3u, ssw.bytes_available());
+
+  ssw.WriteByte(0xFF);
+  ssw.WriteBytes(kThreeByteBuf, sizeof(kThreeByteBuf));
+  EXPECT_EQ(3u, delegate.chunks().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(7u, ssw.bytes_available());
+
+  ContiguousMemoryRange reserved_range_2 = ssw.ReserveBytes(4);
+  ssw.WriteBytes(kTwentyByteBuf, sizeof(kTwentyByteBuf));
+  EXPECT_EQ(6u, delegate.chunks().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(7u, ssw.bytes_available());
+
+  // Writing reserved bytes should not change the bytes_available().
+  memcpy(reserved_range_1.begin, kFourByteBuf, sizeof(kFourByteBuf));
+  memcpy(reserved_range_2.begin, kFourByteBuf, sizeof(kFourByteBuf));
+  EXPECT_EQ(6u, delegate.chunks().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(7u, ssw.bytes_available());
+
+  // Check that reserving more bytes than what left creates a brand new chunk
+  // even if the previous one is not exhausted
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
+    ssw.WriteByte(0xFF);
+  memcpy(ssw.ReserveBytes(4).begin, kFourByteBuf, sizeof(kFourByteBuf));
+  memcpy(ssw.ReserveBytesUnsafe(3), kThreeByteBuf, sizeof(kThreeByteBuf));
+  memcpy(ssw.ReserveBytes(3).begin, kThreeByteBuf, sizeof(kThreeByteBuf));
+  memcpy(ssw.ReserveBytesUnsafe(1), kOneByteBuf, sizeof(kOneByteBuf));
+  memcpy(ssw.ReserveBytes(1).begin, kOneByteBuf, sizeof(kOneByteBuf));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(8u, delegate.chunks().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(3u, ssw.bytes_available());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("0001020304050607", delegate.GetChunkAsString(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("4060616263FF5051", delegate.GetChunkAsString(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("5260616263A0A1A2", delegate.GetChunkAsString(2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("A3A4A5A6A7A8A9AA", delegate.GetChunkAsString(3));
+  EXPECT_EQ("ABACADAEAFB0B1B2", delegate.GetChunkAsString(4));
+  EXPECT_EQ("B3FFFFFFFFFF0000", delegate.GetChunkAsString(5));
+  EXPECT_EQ("6061626350515200", delegate.GetChunkAsString(6));
+  EXPECT_EQ("5051524040000000", delegate.GetChunkAsString(7));
+
+  // Finally reset the writer to a new buffer.
+  uint8_t other_buffer[8] = {0};
+  ssw.Reset({other_buffer, other_buffer + sizeof(other_buffer)});
+  EXPECT_EQ(other_buffer, ssw.write_ptr());
+  ssw.WriteByte(1);
+  ssw.WriteBytes(kThreeByteBuf, sizeof(kThreeByteBuf));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1u, other_buffer[0]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x52u, other_buffer[3]);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace protozero