pw_thread_embos: add thread creation for embOS

Adds thread creation support to embOS.

Also updates existing documentation to reflect that this is now
supported.

Change-Id: Id95dbb5f7b283733b7cd071831ddcf95c0c549d0
Reviewed-on: https://pigweed-review.googlesource.com/c/pigweed/pigweed/+/44144
Reviewed-by: Keir Mierle <keir@google.com>
Commit-Queue: Ewout van Bekkum <ewout@google.com>
Pigweed-Auto-Submit: Ewout van Bekkum <ewout@google.com>
diff --git a/pw_thread_embos/thread.cc b/pw_thread_embos/thread.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8f95d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pw_thread_embos/thread.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+// Copyright 2021 The Pigweed Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
+// use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
+// the License at
+//
+//     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
+// WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
+// License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
+// the License.
+#include "pw_thread/thread.h"
+
+#include "pw_assert/check.h"
+#include "pw_thread/id.h"
+#include "pw_thread_embos/config.h"
+#include "pw_thread_embos/context.h"
+#include "pw_thread_embos/options.h"
+
+using pw::thread::embos::Context;
+
+namespace pw::thread {
+
+void Context::ThreadEntryPoint(void* void_context_ptr) {
+  Context& context = *reinterpret_cast<Context*>(void_context_ptr);
+
+  // Invoke the user's thread function. This may never return.
+  context.user_thread_entry_function_(context.user_thread_entry_arg_);
+
+  // Use a task only critical section to guard against join() and detach().
+  OS_SuspendAllTasks();
+  if (context.detached()) {
+    // There is no threadsafe way to re-use detached threads. Callbacks
+    // registered through OS_AddOnTerminateHook CANNOT be used for this as they
+    // are invoked before the kernel is done using the task's TCB!
+    // However to enable unit test coverage we go ahead and clear this.
+    context.set_in_use(false);
+
+#if PW_THREAD_JOINING_ENABLED
+    // If the thread handle was detached before the thread finished execution,
+    // i.e. got here, then we are responsible for cleaning up the join event
+    // object.
+    OS_EVENT_Delete(&context.join_event_object());
+#endif  // PW_THREAD_JOINING_ENABLED
+
+    // Re-enable the scheduler before we delete this execution. Note this name
+    // is a bit misleading as reference counting is used.
+    OS_ResumeAllSuspendedTasks();
+    OS_TerminateTask(nullptr);
+    PW_UNREACHABLE;
+  }
+
+  // Otherwise the task finished before the thread was detached or joined, defer
+  // cleanup to Thread's join() or detach().
+  context.set_thread_done();
+  OS_ResumeAllSuspendedTasks();
+
+#if PW_THREAD_JOINING_ENABLED
+  OS_EVENT_Set(&context.join_event_object());
+#endif  // PW_THREAD_JOINING_ENABLED
+
+  // Let the thread handle owner terminate this task when they detach or join.
+  OS_Suspend(nullptr);
+  PW_UNREACHABLE;
+}
+
+void Context::TerminateThread(Context& context) {
+  // Stop the other task first.
+  OS_TerminateTask(&context.tcb());
+
+  // Mark the context as unused for potential later re-use.
+  context.set_in_use(false);
+
+#if PW_THREAD_JOINING_ENABLED
+  // Just in case someone abused our API, ensure their use of the event group is
+  // properly handled by the kernel regardless.
+  OS_EVENT_Delete(&context.join_event_object());
+#endif  // PW_THREAD_JOINING_ENABLED
+}
+
+Thread::Thread(const thread::Options& facade_options,
+               ThreadRoutine entry,
+               void* arg)
+    : native_type_(nullptr) {
+  // Cast the generic facade options to the backend specific option of which
+  // only one type can exist at compile time.
+  auto options = static_cast<const embos::Options&>(facade_options);
+  PW_DCHECK_NOTNULL(options.context(), "The Context is not optional");
+  native_type_ = options.context();
+
+  // Can't use a context more than once.
+  PW_DCHECK(!native_type_->in_use());
+
+  // Reset the state of the static context in case it was re-used.
+  native_type_->set_in_use(true);
+  native_type_->set_detached(false);
+  native_type_->set_thread_done(false);
+#if PW_THREAD_JOINING_ENABLED
+  OS_EVENT_CreateEx(&options.context()->join_event_object(),
+                    OS_EVENT_RESET_MODE_AUTO);
+#endif  // PW_THREAD_JOINING_ENABLED
+
+  // Copy over the thread name.
+  native_type_->set_name(options.name());
+
+  // In order to support functions which return and joining, a delegate is
+  // deep copied into the context with a small wrapping function to actually
+  // invoke the task with its arg.
+  native_type_->set_thread_routine(entry, arg);
+
+  OS_CreateTaskEx(&options.context()->tcb(),
+                  native_type_->name(),
+                  options.priority(),
+                  Context::ThreadEntryPoint,
+                  options.context()->stack().data(),
+                  static_cast<OS_UINT>(options.context()->stack().size_bytes()),
+                  options.time_slice_interval(),
+                  options.context());
+}
+
+void Thread::detach() {
+  PW_CHECK(joinable());
+
+  OS_Suspend(&native_type_->tcb());
+  native_type_->set_detached();
+  const bool thread_done = native_type_->thread_done();
+  OS_Resume(&native_type_->tcb());
+
+  if (thread_done) {
+    // The task finished (hit end of Context::ThreadEntryPoint) before we
+    // invoked detach, clean up the thread.
+    Context::TerminateThread(*native_type_);
+  } else {
+    // We're detaching before the task finished, defer cleanup to the task at
+    // the end of Context::ThreadEntryPoint.
+  }
+
+  // Update to no longer represent a thread of execution.
+  native_type_ = nullptr;
+}
+
+#if PW_THREAD_JOINING_ENABLED
+void Thread::join() {
+  PW_CHECK(joinable());
+  PW_CHECK(this_thread::get_id() != get_id());
+
+  OS_EVENT_Wait(&native_type_->join_event_object());
+
+  // No need for a critical section here as the thread at this point is
+  // waiting to be deleted.
+  Context::TerminateThread(*native_type_);
+
+  // Update to no longer represent a thread of execution.
+  native_type_ = nullptr;
+}
+#endif  // PW_THREAD_JOINING_ENABLED
+
+}  // namespace pw::thread