pw_assert: Add new "light" PW_ASSERT macros

This introduces two new macros: PW_ASSERT() and PW_DASSERT(). These
exist to offer a lightweight assert that is safe to use in headers and
is safe for constexpr. Most of the time, these macros should not be
used, and instead the PW_CHECK() and PW_DCHECK() variants used instead.

Other changes:

- Renames PW_ASSERT_ENABLE_DCHECK to PW_ASSERT_ENABLE_DEBUG, to reflect
  that the setting applies to both PW_CHECK and PW_ASSERT.
- Updates Roadamp & Status documentation sections

Testing: Since currently it is not possible to test the PW_ASSERT macros
due to needing to swap the backend, this is manually tested by flipping
the #if in pw_assert/light_test.cc to 1, and verifying that it crashes
as expected.

Change-Id: I6d2c68f772da4280e61a52576bfb6ab60e280bdf
Reviewed-on: https://pigweed-review.googlesource.com/c/pigweed/pigweed/+/17462
Reviewed-by: Wyatt Hepler <hepler@google.com>
Commit-Queue: Keir Mierle <keir@google.com>
diff --git a/pw_assert/BUILD.gn b/pw_assert/BUILD.gn
index d8d1ad1..bf65d47 100644
--- a/pw_assert/BUILD.gn
+++ b/pw_assert/BUILD.gn
@@ -34,18 +34,50 @@
     "public/pw_assert/assert.h",
     "public/pw_assert/internal/assert_impl.h",
   ]
-  public_deps = [ dir_pw_preprocessor ]
+  public_deps = [
+    dir_pw_preprocessor,
+
+    # Also expose light.h to all users of pw_assert.
+    ":light",
+  ]
+}
+
+# Provide a way include "pw_assert/light.h" without depending on the full
+# assert facade. This enables relying on light asserts from low-level headers
+# like polyfill or span that might trigger circular includes due to the
+# backend.
+#
+# See the docs for more discussion around where to use which assert system.
+pw_source_set("light") {
+  public_configs = [ ":default_config" ]
+  public = [
+    "public/pw_assert/light.h",
+
+    # Needed for PW_ASSERT_ENABLE_DEBUG. Note that depending on :pw_assert to
+    # get options.h won't work here since it will trigger the circular include
+    # problem that light asserts are designed to solve.
+    "public/pw_assert/options.h",
+  ]
+}
+
+# Note: While this is technically a test, doesn't verify any of the output and
+# is more of a compile test. The results can be visually verified if desired.
+pw_test("light_test") {
+  configs = [ ":default_config" ]
+  sources = [ "light_test.cc" ]
+  deps = [ ":pw_assert" ]
 }
 
 pw_test_group("tests") {
   tests = [
     ":assert_backend_compile_test",
     ":assert_facade_test",
+    ":light_test",
   ]
 }
 
 # The assert facade test doesn't require a backend since a fake one is
-# provided.  However, since this doesn't depend on the backend it re-includes
+# provided. However, since this doesn't depend on the backend it re-includes
 # the facade headers.
 pw_test("assert_facade_test") {
   configs = [ ":default_config" ]  # For internal/assert_impl.h
@@ -55,7 +87,10 @@
     "public/pw_assert/internal/assert_impl.h",
     "pw_assert_test/fake_backend.h",
   ]
-  deps = [ dir_pw_status ]
+  deps = [
+    ":light",
+    dir_pw_status,
+  ]
 
   # TODO(frolv): Fix this test on the QEMU target.
   enable_if = pw_build_EXECUTABLE_TARGET_TYPE != "lm3s6965evb_executable"