pw_tokenizer: Make C++11 compatible

- Add pw_polyfill adapters for static_assert and std::is_null_pointer.
- In tokenizer, use alternative API where necessary to adapt to C++11.
- Add tests that compile all of tokenize.cc and its dependencies with
  older C++ standards.

Change-Id: I3ef81ee4d0e95fc725843c4f20906825baf77cf7
diff --git a/pw_polyfill/public/pw_polyfill/language_features.h b/pw_polyfill/public/pw_polyfill/language_features.h
index 7a928b1..0e9477a 100644
--- a/pw_polyfill/public/pw_polyfill/language_features.h
+++ b/pw_polyfill/public/pw_polyfill/language_features.h
@@ -25,3 +25,29 @@
 #else
 #define PW_CONSTEXPR_FUNCTION
 #endif  // __cpp_constexpr >= 201304L
+
+// This is an adapter for supporting static_assert with a single argument in
+// C++11 or C++14. Macros don't correctly parse commas in template expressions,
+// so the static_assert arguments are passed to an overloaded C++ function. The
+// full stringified static_assert arguments are used as the message.
+#if __cpp_static_assert < 201411L
+
+#define static_assert(...)                                                     \
+  static_assert(::pw::polyfill::internal::StaticAssertExpression(__VA_ARGS__), \
+                #__VA_ARGS__)
+
+namespace pw {
+namespace polyfill {
+namespace internal {
+
+constexpr bool StaticAssertExpression(bool expression) { return expression; }
+
+constexpr bool StaticAssertExpression(bool expression, const char*) {
+  return expression;
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace polyfill
+}  // namespace pw
+
+#endif  // __cpp_static_assert < 201411L
diff --git a/pw_polyfill/standard_library_public/pw_polyfill/standard_library/type_traits.h b/pw_polyfill/standard_library_public/pw_polyfill/standard_library/type_traits.h
index 2089ff8..9385028 100644
--- a/pw_polyfill/standard_library_public/pw_polyfill/standard_library/type_traits.h
+++ b/pw_polyfill/standard_library_public/pw_polyfill/standard_library/type_traits.h
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@
 
 #include <type_traits>
 
+namespace std {
+
 // Defines std:foo_t aliases for typename foo::type. This is a small subset of
 // <type_traits> which may be expanded as needed.
 #ifndef __cpp_lib_transformation_trait_aliases
 
-namespace std {
-
 template <decltype(sizeof(int)) Len, decltype(sizeof(int)) Align>
 using aligned_storage_t = typename aligned_storage<Len, Align>::type;
 
@@ -51,6 +51,14 @@
 template <typename T>
 using remove_reference_t = typename remove_reference<T>::type;
 
-}  // namespace std
-
 #endif  // __cpp_lib_transformation_trait_aliases
+
+#ifndef __cpp_lib_is_null_pointer
+
+template <typename T>
+struct is_null_pointer : std::is_same<decltype(nullptr), std::remove_cv_t<T>> {
+};
+
+#endif  // __cpp_lib_is_null_pointer
+
+}  // namespace std
diff --git a/pw_tokenizer/BUILD b/pw_tokenizer/BUILD
index 49c2b5c..e03fdee 100644
--- a/pw_tokenizer/BUILD
+++ b/pw_tokenizer/BUILD
@@ -169,6 +169,16 @@
 )
 
 pw_cc_test(
+    name = "simple_tokenize_test",
+    srcs = [
+        "simple_tokenize_test.cc",
+    ],
+    deps = [
+        ":pw_tokenizer",
+    ],
+)
+
+pw_cc_test(
     name = "token_database_test",
     srcs = [
         "token_database_test.cc",
diff --git a/pw_tokenizer/BUILD.gn b/pw_tokenizer/BUILD.gn
index 2bf43fc..f628380 100644
--- a/pw_tokenizer/BUILD.gn
+++ b/pw_tokenizer/BUILD.gn
@@ -123,6 +123,9 @@
     ":decode_test",
     ":detokenize_test",
     ":hash_test",
+    ":simple_tokenize_test_cpp11",
+    ":simple_tokenize_test_cpp14",
+    ":simple_tokenize_test_cpp17",
     ":token_database_test",
     ":tokenize_test",
   ]
@@ -184,6 +187,53 @@
   ]
 }
 
+# Fully test C++11 and C++14 compatibility by compiling all sources as C++11 or
+# C++14.
+_simple_tokenize_test_sources = [
+  "public/pw_tokenizer/pw_tokenizer_65599_fixed_length_hash.h",
+  "public/pw_tokenizer/tokenize.h",
+  "public/pw_tokenizer/config.h",
+  "public/pw_tokenizer/internal/argument_types.h",
+  "public/pw_tokenizer/internal/argument_types_macro_4_byte.h",
+  "public/pw_tokenizer/internal/argument_types_macro_8_byte.h",
+  "public/pw_tokenizer/internal/pw_tokenizer_65599_fixed_length_128_hash_macro.h",
+  "public/pw_tokenizer/internal/pw_tokenizer_65599_fixed_length_80_hash_macro.h",
+  "public/pw_tokenizer/internal/pw_tokenizer_65599_fixed_length_96_hash_macro.h",
+  "public/pw_tokenizer/internal/tokenize_string.h",
+  "tokenize.cc",
+  "simple_tokenize_test.cc",
+  "$dir_pw_varint/public/pw_varint/varint.h",
+  "$dir_pw_varint/varint.cc",
+]
+_simple_tokenize_test_configs = [
+  ":default_config",
+  "$dir_pw_varint:default_config",
+]
+
+pw_test("simple_tokenize_test_cpp11") {
+  configs = [ "$dir_pw_build:cpp11" ] + _simple_tokenize_test_configs
+  sources = _simple_tokenize_test_sources
+  deps = [
+    dir_pw_preprocessor,
+  ]
+}
+
+pw_test("simple_tokenize_test_cpp14") {
+  configs = [ "$dir_pw_build:cpp14" ] + _simple_tokenize_test_configs
+  sources = _simple_tokenize_test_sources
+  deps = [
+    dir_pw_preprocessor,
+  ]
+}
+
+pw_test("simple_tokenize_test_cpp17") {
+  configs = [ "$dir_pw_build:cpp17" ] + _simple_tokenize_test_configs
+  sources = _simple_tokenize_test_sources
+  deps = [
+    dir_pw_preprocessor,
+  ]
+}
+
 pw_test("token_database_test") {
   sources = [
     "token_database_test.cc",
diff --git a/pw_tokenizer/docs.rst b/pw_tokenizer/docs.rst
index baf5f3f..eff7280 100644
--- a/pw_tokenizer/docs.rst
+++ b/pw_tokenizer/docs.rst
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@
 Compatibility
 =============
   * C11
-  * C++17
+  * C++11
   * Python 3
 
 Dependencies
diff --git a/pw_tokenizer/public/pw_tokenizer/internal/argument_types.h b/pw_tokenizer/public/pw_tokenizer/internal/argument_types.h
index 4ceea40..0f376ec 100644
--- a/pw_tokenizer/public/pw_tokenizer/internal/argument_types.h
+++ b/pw_tokenizer/public/pw_tokenizer/internal/argument_types.h
@@ -82,7 +82,10 @@
 
 #define _PW_VARARGS_TYPE(arg) ::pw::tokenizer::VarargsType<decltype(arg)>()
 
-namespace pw::tokenizer {
+namespace pw {
+namespace tokenizer {
+
+#if __cpp_if_constexpr  // C++17 version
 
 // This function selects the matching type enum for supported argument types.
 template <typename T>
@@ -102,7 +105,44 @@
   }
 }
 
-}  // namespace pw::tokenizer
+#else  // C++11 or C++14 version
+
+template <typename T,
+          bool kIsDouble = std::is_floating_point<T>(),
+          bool kIsString = !std::is_null_pointer<T>() &&
+                           std::is_convertible<T, const char*>(),
+          bool kIsInt64 = sizeof(T) == sizeof(int64_t)>
+struct SelectVarargsType;
+
+template <typename T, bool kDontCare1, bool kDontCare2>
+struct SelectVarargsType<T, true, kDontCare1, kDontCare2> {
+  static constexpr pw_TokenizerArgTypes kValue = PW_TOKENIZER_ARG_TYPE_DOUBLE;
+};
+
+template <typename T, bool kDontCare>
+struct SelectVarargsType<T, false, true, kDontCare> {
+  static constexpr pw_TokenizerArgTypes kValue = PW_TOKENIZER_ARG_TYPE_STRING;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct SelectVarargsType<T, false, false, true> {
+  static constexpr pw_TokenizerArgTypes kValue = PW_TOKENIZER_ARG_TYPE_INT64;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct SelectVarargsType<T, false, false, false> {
+  static constexpr pw_TokenizerArgTypes kValue = PW_TOKENIZER_ARG_TYPE_INT;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+constexpr pw_TokenizerArgTypes VarargsType() {
+  return SelectVarargsType<typename std::decay<T>::type>::kValue;
+}
+
+#endif  // __cpp_if_constexpr
+
+}  // namespace tokenizer
+}  // namespace pw
 
 #else  // C version
 
diff --git a/pw_tokenizer/public/pw_tokenizer/internal/tokenize_string.h b/pw_tokenizer/public/pw_tokenizer/internal/tokenize_string.h
index 40e5150..b30223a 100644
--- a/pw_tokenizer/public/pw_tokenizer/internal/tokenize_string.h
+++ b/pw_tokenizer/public/pw_tokenizer/internal/tokenize_string.h
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@
 
 #include <stdint.h>
 
-#if __cplusplus  // In C++, use a constexpr function to calculate the hash.
+// In C++17, use a constexpr function to calculate the hash.
+#if __cpp_constexpr >= 201304L && defined(__cpp_inline_variables)
 
 #include "pw_tokenizer/pw_tokenizer_65599_fixed_length_hash.h"
 
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@
       std::string_view((format), sizeof(format "") - 1), \
       PW_TOKENIZER_CFG_HASH_LENGTH)
 
-#else  // In C code, use the hashing macro
+#else  // In C or older C++ code, use the hashing macro.
 
 #if PW_TOKENIZER_CFG_HASH_LENGTH == 80
 
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@
 
 #endif  // PW_TOKENIZER_CFG_HASH_LENGTH
 
-#endif  // __cplusplus
+#endif  // __cpp_constexpr >= 201304L && defined(__cpp_inline_variables)
 
 // The type of the token used in place of a format string.
 typedef uint32_t pw_TokenizerStringToken;
diff --git a/pw_tokenizer/simple_tokenize_test.cc b/pw_tokenizer/simple_tokenize_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce84db8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pw_tokenizer/simple_tokenize_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The Pigweed Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
+// use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
+// the License at
+//
+//     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
+// WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
+// License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
+// the License.
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "pw_tokenizer/tokenize.h"
+
+namespace pw {
+namespace tokenizer {
+namespace {
+
+template <size_t kSize>
+uint32_t TestHash(const char (&str)[kSize]) {
+  static_assert(kSize > 0u, "Must have at least a null terminator");
+
+  static constexpr uint32_t k65599HashConstant = 65599u;
+
+  // The length is hashed as if it were the first character.
+  uint32_t hash = kSize - 1;
+  uint32_t coefficient = k65599HashConstant;
+
+  size_t length =
+      std::min(static_cast<size_t>(PW_TOKENIZER_CFG_HASH_LENGTH), kSize - 1);
+
+  // Hash all of the characters in the string as unsigned ints.
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
+    hash += coefficient * str[i];
+    coefficient *= k65599HashConstant;
+  }
+
+  return hash;
+}
+
+TEST(TokenizeStringLiteral, EmptyString_IsZero) {
+  constexpr pw_TokenizerStringToken token = PW_TOKENIZE_STRING("");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(0u == token);
+}
+
+TEST(TokenizeStringLiteral, String_MatchesHash) {
+  constexpr uint32_t token = PW_TOKENIZE_STRING("[:-)");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(TestHash("[:-)") == token);
+}
+
+constexpr uint32_t kGlobalToken = PW_TOKENIZE_STRING(">:-[]");
+
+TEST(TokenizeStringLiteral, GlobalVariable_MatchesHash) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(TestHash(">:-[]") == kGlobalToken);
+}
+
+class TokenizeToBuffer : public ::testing::Test {
+ public:
+  TokenizeToBuffer() : buffer_{} {}
+
+ protected:
+  uint8_t buffer_[64];
+};
+
+// Test fixture for callback and global handler. Both of these need a global
+// message buffer. To keep the message buffers separate, template this on the
+// derived class type.
+template <typename Impl>
+class GlobalMessage : public ::testing::Test {
+ public:
+  static void SetMessage(const uint8_t* message, size_t size) {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(size <= sizeof(message_));
+    std::memcpy(message_, message, size);
+    message_size_bytes_ = size;
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  GlobalMessage() {
+    std::memset(message_, 0, sizeof(message_));
+    message_size_bytes_ = 0;
+  }
+
+  static uint8_t message_[256];
+  static size_t message_size_bytes_;
+};
+
+template <typename Impl>
+uint8_t GlobalMessage<Impl>::message_[256] = {};
+template <typename Impl>
+size_t GlobalMessage<Impl>::message_size_bytes_ = 0;
+
+class TokenizeToCallback : public GlobalMessage<TokenizeToCallback> {};
+
+template <uint8_t... kData, size_t kSize>
+std::array<uint8_t, sizeof(uint32_t) + sizeof...(kData)> ExpectedData(
+    const char (&format)[kSize]) {
+  const uint32_t value = TestHash(format);
+  return std::array<uint8_t, sizeof(uint32_t) + sizeof...(kData)>{
+      static_cast<uint8_t>(value & 0xff),
+      static_cast<uint8_t>(value >> 8 & 0xff),
+      static_cast<uint8_t>(value >> 16 & 0xff),
+      static_cast<uint8_t>(value >> 24 & 0xff),
+      kData...};
+}
+
+TEST_F(TokenizeToCallback, Variety) {
+  PW_TOKENIZE_TO_CALLBACK(
+      SetMessage, "%s there are %x (%.2f) of them%c", "Now", 2u, 2.0f, '.');
+  const auto expected =  // clang-format off
+      ExpectedData<3, 'N', 'o', 'w',        // string "Now"
+                   0x04,                    // unsigned 2 (zig-zag encoded)
+                   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40,  // float 2.0
+                   0x5C                     // char '.' (0x2E, zig-zag encoded)
+                   >("%s there are %x (%.2f) of them%c");
+  // clang-format on
+  ASSERT_TRUE(expected.size() == message_size_bytes_);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(std::memcmp(expected.data(), message_, expected.size()) == 0);
+}
+
+#if PW_TOKENIZER_CFG_ENABLE_TOKENIZE_TO_GLOBAL_HANDLER
+
+class TokenizeToGlobalHandler : public GlobalMessage<TokenizeToGlobalHandler> {
+};
+
+TEST_F(TokenizeToGlobalHandler, Variety) {
+  PW_TOKENIZE_TO_GLOBAL_HANDLER("%x%lld%1.2f%s", 0, 0ll, -0.0, "");
+  const auto expected =
+      ExpectedData<0, 0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0>("%x%lld%1.2f%s");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(expected.size() == message_size_bytes_);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(std::memcmp(expected.data(), message_, expected.size()) == 0);
+}
+
+extern "C" void pw_TokenizerHandleEncodedMessage(const uint8_t* encoded_message,
+                                                 size_t size_bytes) {
+  TokenizeToGlobalHandler::SetMessage(encoded_message, size_bytes);
+}
+
+#endif  // PW_TOKENIZER_CFG_ENABLE_TOKENIZE_TO_GLOBAL_HANDLER
+
+#if PW_TOKENIZER_CFG_ENABLE_TOKENIZE_TO_GLOBAL_HANDLER_WITH_PAYLOAD
+
+class TokenizeToGlobalHandlerWithPayload
+    : public GlobalMessage<TokenizeToGlobalHandlerWithPayload> {
+ public:
+  static void SetPayload(pw_TokenizerPayload payload) {
+    payload_ = reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(payload);
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  TokenizeToGlobalHandlerWithPayload() { payload_ = {}; }
+
+  static intptr_t payload_;
+};
+
+intptr_t TokenizeToGlobalHandlerWithPayload::payload_;
+
+TEST_F(TokenizeToGlobalHandlerWithPayload, Variety) {
+  ASSERT_TRUE(payload_ != 123);
+
+  const auto expected =
+      ExpectedData<0, 0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0>("%x%lld%1.2f%s");
+
+  PW_TOKENIZE_TO_GLOBAL_HANDLER_WITH_PAYLOAD(
+      reinterpret_cast<pw_TokenizerPayload>(123),
+      "%x%lld%1.2f%s",
+      0,
+      0ll,
+      -0.0,
+      "");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(expected.size() == message_size_bytes_);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(std::memcmp(expected.data(), message_, expected.size()) == 0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(payload_ == 123);
+
+  PW_TOKENIZE_TO_GLOBAL_HANDLER_WITH_PAYLOAD(
+      reinterpret_cast<pw_TokenizerPayload>(-543),
+      "%x%lld%1.2f%s",
+      0,
+      0ll,
+      -0.0,
+      "");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(expected.size() == message_size_bytes_);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(std::memcmp(expected.data(), message_, expected.size()) == 0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(payload_ == -543);
+}
+
+extern "C" void pw_TokenizerHandleEncodedMessageWithPayload(
+    pw_TokenizerPayload payload,
+    const uint8_t* encoded_message,
+    size_t size_bytes) {
+  TokenizeToGlobalHandlerWithPayload::SetMessage(encoded_message, size_bytes);
+  TokenizeToGlobalHandlerWithPayload::SetPayload(payload);
+}
+
+#endif  // PW_TOKENIZER_CFG_ENABLE_TOKENIZE_TO_GLOBAL_HANDLER_WITH_PAYLOAD
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace tokenizer
+}  // namespace pw
diff --git a/pw_tokenizer/tokenize.cc b/pw_tokenizer/tokenize.cc
index 18bf88d..b7ab505 100644
--- a/pw_tokenizer/tokenize.cc
+++ b/pw_tokenizer/tokenize.cc
@@ -24,9 +24,11 @@
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <cstring>
 
+#include "pw_polyfill/language_features.h"  // static_assert
 #include "pw_varint/varint.h"
 
-namespace pw::tokenizer {
+namespace pw {
+namespace tokenizer {
 namespace {
 
 // Store metadata about this compilation's string tokenization in the ELF.
@@ -191,8 +193,8 @@
   const size_t encoded_bytes =
       EncodeArgs(types,
                  args,
-                 span(static_cast<uint8_t*>(buffer) + sizeof(token),
-                      *buffer_size_bytes - sizeof(token)));
+                 span<uint8_t>(static_cast<uint8_t*>(buffer) + sizeof(token),
+                               *buffer_size_bytes - sizeof(token)));
   va_end(args);
 
   *buffer_size_bytes = sizeof(token) + encoded_bytes;
@@ -258,4 +260,5 @@
 
 }  // extern "C"
 
-}  // namespace pw::tokenizer
+}  // namespace tokenizer
+}  // namespace pw
diff --git a/pw_unit_test/public/pw_unit_test/framework.h b/pw_unit_test/public/pw_unit_test/framework.h
index 0cc14f8..1283444 100644
--- a/pw_unit_test/public/pw_unit_test/framework.h
+++ b/pw_unit_test/public/pw_unit_test/framework.h
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@
       [](bool lhs, bool rhs) { return lhs == rhs; },             \
       static_cast<bool>(expr),                                   \
       value,                                                     \
-      " is ",                                                    \
+      "is",                                                      \
       #expr " is " #value,                                       \
       __LINE__)