pw_assert: Only extern "C" in C++

- Use PW_EXTERN_C_* for the pw_assert_HandleFailure function.
- Specify a void parameter since this is a C function.
- Add C tests for PW_ASSERT.

Change-Id: Ica24e8f4e358381e95b3c95daab8dfc3a8669d43
Reviewed-on: https://pigweed-review.googlesource.com/c/pigweed/pigweed/+/19200
Reviewed-by: Ewout van Bekkum <ewout@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Keir Mierle <keir@google.com>
Commit-Queue: Wyatt Hepler <hepler@google.com>
diff --git a/pw_assert_log/assert_log.cc b/pw_assert_log/assert_log.cc
index 779af1b..2d835d9 100644
--- a/pw_assert_log/assert_log.cc
+++ b/pw_assert_log/assert_log.cc
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 #include "pw_assert_log/assert_log.h"
 
-extern "C" void pw_assert_HandleFailure() {
+extern "C" void pw_assert_HandleFailure(void) {
 #if PW_ASSERT_DEBUG_ENABLED
   PW_LOG(PW_LOG_LEVEL_CRITICAL,
          PW_LOG_ASSERT_FAILED_FLAG,