pw_thread: adds the initial pw_thread module

Adds a std::this_thread like API through the pw_thread facades, that
is:
1) this_thread::yield
2) this_thread::sleep_{for,until}
3) this_thread::get_id

This module is split into many different facades in order to let users
decide what functionality they want to use as they may not always
be available, for example when using opaque SDKs.

In addition this provides an initial set of backends based on using
the STL's std::this_thread directly and selects them for the host
target.

Change-Id: I0ee8e4390ba988b2b13e9ee59f976f2333715f1f
Reviewed-on: https://pigweed-review.googlesource.com/c/pigweed/pigweed/+/30040
Commit-Queue: Ewout van Bekkum <ewout@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Keir Mierle <keir@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Wyatt Hepler <hepler@google.com>
diff --git a/pw_thread/sleep_facade_test.cc b/pw_thread/sleep_facade_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5956720
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pw_thread/sleep_facade_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The Pigweed Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
+// use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
+// the License at
+//
+//     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
+// WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
+// License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
+// the License.
+
+#include <chrono>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "pw_chrono/system_clock.h"
+#include "pw_thread/id.h"
+#include "pw_thread/sleep.h"
+
+using pw::chrono::SystemClock;
+
+namespace pw::this_thread {
+namespace {
+
+extern "C" {
+
+// Functions defined in sleep_facade_test_c.c which call the API from C.
+void pw_this_thread_CallSleepFor(pw_chrono_SystemClock_TickCount for_at_least);
+void pw_this_thread_CallSleepUntil(
+    pw_chrono_SystemClock_TimePoint until_at_least);
+
+}  // extern "C"
+
+static constexpr auto kArbitraryDuration = std::chrono::milliseconds(42);
+// We can't control the SystemClock's period configuration, so just in case
+// duration cannot be accurately expressed in integer ticks, round the
+// duration w/ duration_cast.
+static constexpr auto kRoundedArbitraryDuration =
+    std::chrono::duration_cast<SystemClock::duration>(kArbitraryDuration);
+static constexpr pw_chrono_SystemClock_TickCount kRoundedArbitraryDurationInC =
+    kRoundedArbitraryDuration.count();
+
+TEST(Sleep, SleepFor) {
+  // Ensure we are in a thread context, meaning we are permitted to sleep.
+  ASSERT_NE(get_id(), thread::Id());
+
+  const SystemClock::time_point before = SystemClock::now();
+  sleep_for(kRoundedArbitraryDuration);
+  const SystemClock::duration time_elapsed = SystemClock::now() - before;
+  EXPECT_GE(time_elapsed, kRoundedArbitraryDuration);
+}
+
+TEST(Sleep, SleepUntil) {
+  // Ensure we are in a thread context, meaning we are permitted to sleep.
+  ASSERT_NE(get_id(), thread::Id());
+
+  const SystemClock::time_point deadline =
+      SystemClock::now() + kRoundedArbitraryDuration;
+  sleep_until(deadline);
+  EXPECT_GE(SystemClock::now(), deadline);
+}
+
+TEST(Sleep, SleepForInC) {
+  // Ensure we are in a thread context, meaning we are permitted to sleep.
+  ASSERT_NE(get_id(), thread::Id());
+
+  pw_chrono_SystemClock_TimePoint before = pw_chrono_SystemClock_Now();
+  pw_this_thread_SleepFor(kRoundedArbitraryDurationInC);
+  pw_chrono_SystemClock_TickCount time_elapsed =
+      pw_chrono_SystemClock_Now().ticks_since_epoch - before.ticks_since_epoch;
+  EXPECT_GE(time_elapsed, kRoundedArbitraryDurationInC);
+}
+
+TEST(Sleep, SleepUntilInC) {
+  // Ensure we are in a thread context, meaning we are permitted to sleep.
+  ASSERT_NE(get_id(), thread::Id());
+
+  pw_chrono_SystemClock_TimePoint deadline;
+  deadline.ticks_since_epoch = pw_chrono_SystemClock_Now().ticks_since_epoch +
+                               kRoundedArbitraryDurationInC;
+  pw_this_thread_CallSleepUntil(deadline);
+  EXPECT_GE(pw_chrono_SystemClock_Now().ticks_since_epoch,
+            deadline.ticks_since_epoch);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace pw::this_thread