src/ProtocolBuffers.Test/CodedOutputStreamTest.cs - platform/external/protobuf-javalite - Gitiles

 #region Copyright notice and license

 // Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
 // Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
 // http://github.com/jskeet/dotnet-protobufs/
 // Original C++/Java/Python code:
 // http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
 //
 // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
 // met:
 //
 //     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 // notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 //     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
 // copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
 // in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
 // distribution.
 //     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
 // contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
 // this software without specific prior written permission.
 //
 // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 // "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 // LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 // A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
 // OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 // SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 // LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 // DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

 #endregion

 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.IO;
 using Google.ProtocolBuffers.TestProtos;
 using NUnit.Framework;

 namespace Google.ProtocolBuffers
 {
     [TestFixture]
     public class CodedOutputStreamTest
     {
         /// <summary>
         /// Writes the given value using WriteRawVarint32() and WriteRawVarint64() and
         /// checks that the result matches the given bytes
         /// </summary>
         private static void AssertWriteVarint(byte[] data, ulong value)
         {
             // Only do 32-bit write if the value fits in 32 bits.
             if ((value >> 32) == 0)
             {
                 MemoryStream rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
                 CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.CreateInstance(rawOutput);
                 output.WriteRawVarint32((uint) value);
                 output.Flush();
                 Assert.AreEqual(data, rawOutput.ToArray());
                 // Also try computing size.
                 Assert.AreEqual(data.Length, CodedOutputStream.ComputeRawVarint32Size((uint) value));
             }

             {
                 MemoryStream rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
                 CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.CreateInstance(rawOutput);
                 output.WriteRawVarint64(value);
                 output.Flush();
                 Assert.AreEqual(data, rawOutput.ToArray());

                 // Also try computing size.
                 Assert.AreEqual(data.Length, CodedOutputStream.ComputeRawVarint64Size(value));
             }

             // Try different buffer sizes.
             for (int bufferSize = 1; bufferSize <= 16; bufferSize *= 2)
             {
                 // Only do 32-bit write if the value fits in 32 bits.
                 if ((value >> 32) == 0)
                 {
                     MemoryStream rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
                     CodedOutputStream output =
                         CodedOutputStream.CreateInstance(rawOutput, bufferSize);
                     output.WriteRawVarint32((uint) value);
                     output.Flush();
                     Assert.AreEqual(data, rawOutput.ToArray());
                 }

                 {
                     MemoryStream rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
                     CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.CreateInstance(rawOutput, bufferSize);
                     output.WriteRawVarint64(value);
                     output.Flush();
                     Assert.AreEqual(data, rawOutput.ToArray());
                 }
             }
         }

         /// <summary>
         /// Tests WriteRawVarint32() and WriteRawVarint64()
         /// </summary>
         [Test]
         public void WriteVarint()
         {
             AssertWriteVarint(new byte[] {0x00}, 0);
             AssertWriteVarint(new byte[] {0x01}, 1);
             AssertWriteVarint(new byte[] {0x7f}, 127);
             // 14882
             AssertWriteVarint(new byte[] {0xa2, 0x74}, (0x22 << 0) | (0x74 << 7));
             // 2961488830
             AssertWriteVarint(new byte[] {0xbe, 0xf7, 0x92, 0x84, 0x0b},
                               (0x3e << 0) | (0x77 << 7) | (0x12 << 14) | (0x04 << 21) |
                               (0x0bL << 28));

             // 64-bit
             // 7256456126
             AssertWriteVarint(new byte[] {0xbe, 0xf7, 0x92, 0x84, 0x1b},
                               (0x3e << 0) | (0x77 << 7) | (0x12 << 14) | (0x04 << 21) |
                               (0x1bL << 28));
             // 41256202580718336
             AssertWriteVarint(
                 new byte[] {0x80, 0xe6, 0xeb, 0x9c, 0xc3, 0xc9, 0xa4, 0x49},
                 (0x00 << 0) | (0x66 << 7) | (0x6b << 14) | (0x1c << 21) |
                 (0x43UL << 28) | (0x49L << 35) | (0x24UL << 42) | (0x49UL << 49));
             // 11964378330978735131
             AssertWriteVarint(
                 new byte[] {0x9b, 0xa8, 0xf9, 0xc2, 0xbb, 0xd6, 0x80, 0x85, 0xa6, 0x01},
                 unchecked((ulong)
                           ((0x1b << 0) | (0x28 << 7) | (0x79 << 14) | (0x42 << 21) |
                            (0x3bL << 28) | (0x56L << 35) | (0x00L << 42) |
                            (0x05L << 49) | (0x26L << 56) | (0x01L << 63))));
         }

         /// <summary>
         /// Parses the given bytes using WriteRawLittleEndian32() and checks
         /// that the result matches the given value.
         /// </summary>
         private static void AssertWriteLittleEndian32(byte[] data, uint value)
         {
             MemoryStream rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
             CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.CreateInstance(rawOutput);
             output.WriteRawLittleEndian32(value);
             output.Flush();
             Assert.AreEqual(data, rawOutput.ToArray());

             // Try different buffer sizes.
             for (int bufferSize = 1; bufferSize <= 16; bufferSize *= 2)
             {
                 rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
                 output = CodedOutputStream.CreateInstance(rawOutput, bufferSize);
                 output.WriteRawLittleEndian32(value);
                 output.Flush();
                 Assert.AreEqual(data, rawOutput.ToArray());
             }
         }

         /// <summary>
         /// Parses the given bytes using WriteRawLittleEndian64() and checks
         /// that the result matches the given value.
         /// </summary>
         private static void AssertWriteLittleEndian64(byte[] data, ulong value)
         {
             MemoryStream rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
             CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.CreateInstance(rawOutput);
             output.WriteRawLittleEndian64(value);
             output.Flush();
             Assert.AreEqual(data, rawOutput.ToArray());

             // Try different block sizes.
             for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize <= 16; blockSize *= 2)
             {
                 rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
                 output = CodedOutputStream.CreateInstance(rawOutput, blockSize);
                 output.WriteRawLittleEndian64(value);
                 output.Flush();
                 Assert.AreEqual(data, rawOutput.ToArray());
             }
         }

         /// <summary>
         /// Tests writeRawLittleEndian32() and writeRawLittleEndian64().
         /// </summary>
         [Test]
         public void WriteLittleEndian()
         {
             AssertWriteLittleEndian32(new byte[] {0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12}, 0x12345678);
             AssertWriteLittleEndian32(new byte[] {0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a}, 0x9abcdef0);

             AssertWriteLittleEndian64(
                 new byte[] {0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a, 0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12},
                 0x123456789abcdef0L);
             AssertWriteLittleEndian64(
                 new byte[] {0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12, 0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a},
                 0x9abcdef012345678UL);
         }

         [Test]
         public void WriteWholeMessage()
         {
             TestAllTypes message = TestUtil.GetAllSet();

             byte[] rawBytes = message.ToByteArray();
             TestUtil.AssertEqualBytes(TestUtil.GoldenMessage.ToByteArray(), rawBytes);

             // Try different block sizes.
             for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize < 256; blockSize *= 2)
             {
                 MemoryStream rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
                 CodedOutputStream output =
                     CodedOutputStream.CreateInstance(rawOutput, blockSize);
                 message.WriteTo(output);
                 output.Flush();
                 TestUtil.AssertEqualBytes(rawBytes, rawOutput.ToArray());
             }
         }

         /// <summary>
         /// Tests writing a whole message with every packed field type. Ensures the
         /// wire format of packed fields is compatible with C++.
         /// </summary>
         [Test]
         public void WriteWholePackedFieldsMessage()
         {
             TestPackedTypes message = TestUtil.GetPackedSet();

             byte[] rawBytes = message.ToByteArray();
             TestUtil.AssertEqualBytes(TestUtil.GetGoldenPackedFieldsMessage().ToByteArray(),
                                       rawBytes);
         }

         [Test]
         public void EncodeZigZag32()
         {
             Assert.AreEqual(0, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(0));
             Assert.AreEqual(1, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(-1));
             Assert.AreEqual(2, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(1));
             Assert.AreEqual(3, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(-2));
             Assert.AreEqual(0x7FFFFFFE, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(0x3FFFFFFF));
             Assert.AreEqual(0x7FFFFFFF, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(unchecked((int) 0xC0000000)));
             Assert.AreEqual(0xFFFFFFFE, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(0x7FFFFFFF));
             Assert.AreEqual(0xFFFFFFFF, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(unchecked((int) 0x80000000)));
         }

         [Test]
         public void EncodeZigZag64()
         {
             Assert.AreEqual(0, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(0));
             Assert.AreEqual(1, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(-1));
             Assert.AreEqual(2, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(1));
             Assert.AreEqual(3, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(-2));
             Assert.AreEqual(0x000000007FFFFFFEL,
                             CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(unchecked((long) 0x000000003FFFFFFFUL)));
             Assert.AreEqual(0x000000007FFFFFFFL,
                             CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(unchecked((long) 0xFFFFFFFFC0000000UL)));
             Assert.AreEqual(0x00000000FFFFFFFEL,
                             CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(unchecked((long) 0x000000007FFFFFFFUL)));
             Assert.AreEqual(0x00000000FFFFFFFFL,
                             CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(unchecked((long) 0xFFFFFFFF80000000UL)));
             Assert.AreEqual(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEL,
                             CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(unchecked((long) 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFUL)));
             Assert.AreEqual(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL,
                             CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(unchecked((long) 0x8000000000000000UL)));
         }

         [Test]
         public void RoundTripZigZag32()
         {
             // Some easier-to-verify round-trip tests.  The inputs (other than 0, 1, -1)
             // were chosen semi-randomly via keyboard bashing.
             Assert.AreEqual(0, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag32(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(0)));
             Assert.AreEqual(1, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag32(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(1)));
             Assert.AreEqual(-1, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag32(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(-1)));
             Assert.AreEqual(14927, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag32(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(14927)));
             Assert.AreEqual(-3612, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag32(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(-3612)));
         }

         [Test]
         public void RoundTripZigZag64()
         {
             Assert.AreEqual(0, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(0)));
             Assert.AreEqual(1, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(1)));
             Assert.AreEqual(-1, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(-1)));
             Assert.AreEqual(14927, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(14927)));
             Assert.AreEqual(-3612, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(-3612)));

             Assert.AreEqual(856912304801416L,
                             CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(856912304801416L)));
             Assert.AreEqual(-75123905439571256L,
                             CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(-75123905439571256L)));
         }

         [Test]
         public void TestNegativeEnumNoTag()
         {
             Assert.AreEqual(10, CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32SizeNoTag(-2));
             Assert.AreEqual(10, CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSizeNoTag(-2));

             byte[] bytes = new byte[10];
             CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.CreateInstance(bytes);
             output.WriteEnumNoTag(-2);

             Assert.AreEqual(0, output.SpaceLeft);
             Assert.AreEqual("FE-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-01", BitConverter.ToString(bytes));
         }

         [Test]
         public void TestNegativeEnumWithTag()
         {
             Assert.AreEqual(11, CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(8, -2));
             Assert.AreEqual(11, CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize(8, -2));

             byte[] bytes = new byte[11];
             CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.CreateInstance(bytes);
             output.WriteEnum(8, "", -2, -2);

             Assert.AreEqual(0, output.SpaceLeft);
             //fyi, 0x40 == 0x08 << 3 + 0, field num + wire format shift
             Assert.AreEqual("40-FE-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-01", BitConverter.ToString(bytes));
         }

         [Test]
         public void TestNegativeEnumArrayPacked()
         {
             int arraySize = 1 + (10 * 5);
             int msgSize = 1 + 1 + arraySize;
             byte[] bytes = new byte[msgSize];
             CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.CreateInstance(bytes);
             output.WritePackedEnumArray(8, "", arraySize, new int[] { 0, -1, -2, -3, -4, -5 });

             Assert.AreEqual(0, output.SpaceLeft);

             CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.CreateInstance(bytes);
             uint tag;
             string name;
             Assert.IsTrue(input.ReadTag(out tag, out name));

             List<int> values = new List<int>();
             input.ReadInt32Array(tag, name, values);

             Assert.AreEqual(6, values.Count);
             for (int i = 0; i > -6; i--)
                 Assert.AreEqual(i, values[Math.Abs(i)]);
         }

         [Test]
         public void TestNegativeEnumArray()
         {
             int arraySize = 1 + 1 + (11 * 5);
             int msgSize = arraySize;
             byte[] bytes = new byte[msgSize];
             CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.CreateInstance(bytes);
             output.WriteEnumArray(8, "", new int[] { 0, -1, -2, -3, -4, -5 });

             Assert.AreEqual(0, output.SpaceLeft);

             CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.CreateInstance(bytes);
             uint tag;
             string name;
             Assert.IsTrue(input.ReadTag(out tag, out name));

             List<int> values = new List<int>();
             input.ReadInt32Array(tag, name, values);

             Assert.AreEqual(6, values.Count);
             for (int i = 0; i > -6; i--)
                 Assert.AreEqual(i, values[Math.Abs(i)]);
         }
     }
 }
	#region Copyright notice and license

	// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
	// Copyright 2008 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
	// http://github.com/jskeet/dotnet-protobufs/
	// Original C++/Java/Python code:
	// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
	//
	// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
	// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
	// met:
	//
	// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
	// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
	// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
	// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
	// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
	// distribution.
	// * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
	// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
	// this software without specific prior written permission.
	//
	// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
	// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
	// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
	// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
	// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
	// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
	// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
	// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
	// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
	// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
	// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

	#endregion

	using System;
	using System.Collections.Generic;
	using System.IO;
	using Google.ProtocolBuffers.TestProtos;
	using NUnit.Framework;

	namespace Google.ProtocolBuffers
	{
	[TestFixture]
	public class CodedOutputStreamTest
	{
	/// <summary>
	/// Writes the given value using WriteRawVarint32() and WriteRawVarint64() and
	/// checks that the result matches the given bytes
	/// </summary>
	private static void AssertWriteVarint(byte[] data, ulong value)
	{
	// Only do 32-bit write if the value fits in 32 bits.
	if ((value >> 32) == 0)
	{
	MemoryStream rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
	CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.CreateInstance(rawOutput);
	output.WriteRawVarint32((uint) value);
	output.Flush();
	Assert.AreEqual(data, rawOutput.ToArray());
	// Also try computing size.
	Assert.AreEqual(data.Length, CodedOutputStream.ComputeRawVarint32Size((uint) value));
	}

	{
	MemoryStream rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
	CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.CreateInstance(rawOutput);
	output.WriteRawVarint64(value);
	output.Flush();
	Assert.AreEqual(data, rawOutput.ToArray());

	// Also try computing size.
	Assert.AreEqual(data.Length, CodedOutputStream.ComputeRawVarint64Size(value));
	}

	// Try different buffer sizes.
	for (int bufferSize = 1; bufferSize <= 16; bufferSize *= 2)
	{
	// Only do 32-bit write if the value fits in 32 bits.
	if ((value >> 32) == 0)
	{
	MemoryStream rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
	CodedOutputStream output =
	CodedOutputStream.CreateInstance(rawOutput, bufferSize);
	output.WriteRawVarint32((uint) value);
	output.Flush();
	Assert.AreEqual(data, rawOutput.ToArray());
	}

	{
	MemoryStream rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
	CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.CreateInstance(rawOutput, bufferSize);
	output.WriteRawVarint64(value);
	output.Flush();
	Assert.AreEqual(data, rawOutput.ToArray());
	}
	}
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Tests WriteRawVarint32() and WriteRawVarint64()
	/// </summary>
	[Test]
	public void WriteVarint()
	{
	AssertWriteVarint(new byte[] {0x00}, 0);
	AssertWriteVarint(new byte[] {0x01}, 1);
	AssertWriteVarint(new byte[] {0x7f}, 127);
	// 14882
	AssertWriteVarint(new byte[] {0xa2, 0x74}, (0x22 << 0) \| (0x74 << 7));
	// 2961488830
	AssertWriteVarint(new byte[] {0xbe, 0xf7, 0x92, 0x84, 0x0b},
	(0x3e << 0) \| (0x77 << 7) \| (0x12 << 14) \| (0x04 << 21) \|
	(0x0bL << 28));

	// 64-bit
	// 7256456126
	AssertWriteVarint(new byte[] {0xbe, 0xf7, 0x92, 0x84, 0x1b},
	(0x3e << 0) \| (0x77 << 7) \| (0x12 << 14) \| (0x04 << 21) \|
	(0x1bL << 28));
	// 41256202580718336
	AssertWriteVarint(
	new byte[] {0x80, 0xe6, 0xeb, 0x9c, 0xc3, 0xc9, 0xa4, 0x49},
	(0x00 << 0) \| (0x66 << 7) \| (0x6b << 14) \| (0x1c << 21) \|
	(0x43UL << 28) \| (0x49L << 35) \| (0x24UL << 42) \| (0x49UL << 49));
	// 11964378330978735131
	AssertWriteVarint(
	new byte[] {0x9b, 0xa8, 0xf9, 0xc2, 0xbb, 0xd6, 0x80, 0x85, 0xa6, 0x01},
	unchecked((ulong)
	((0x1b << 0) \| (0x28 << 7) \| (0x79 << 14) \| (0x42 << 21) \|
	(0x3bL << 28) \| (0x56L << 35) \| (0x00L << 42) \|
	(0x05L << 49) \| (0x26L << 56) \| (0x01L << 63))));
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Parses the given bytes using WriteRawLittleEndian32() and checks
	/// that the result matches the given value.
	/// </summary>
	private static void AssertWriteLittleEndian32(byte[] data, uint value)
	{
	MemoryStream rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
	CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.CreateInstance(rawOutput);
	output.WriteRawLittleEndian32(value);
	output.Flush();
	Assert.AreEqual(data, rawOutput.ToArray());

	// Try different buffer sizes.
	for (int bufferSize = 1; bufferSize <= 16; bufferSize *= 2)
	{
	rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
	output = CodedOutputStream.CreateInstance(rawOutput, bufferSize);
	output.WriteRawLittleEndian32(value);
	output.Flush();
	Assert.AreEqual(data, rawOutput.ToArray());
	}
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Parses the given bytes using WriteRawLittleEndian64() and checks
	/// that the result matches the given value.
	/// </summary>
	private static void AssertWriteLittleEndian64(byte[] data, ulong value)
	{
	MemoryStream rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
	CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.CreateInstance(rawOutput);
	output.WriteRawLittleEndian64(value);
	output.Flush();
	Assert.AreEqual(data, rawOutput.ToArray());

	// Try different block sizes.
	for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize <= 16; blockSize *= 2)
	{
	rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
	output = CodedOutputStream.CreateInstance(rawOutput, blockSize);
	output.WriteRawLittleEndian64(value);
	output.Flush();
	Assert.AreEqual(data, rawOutput.ToArray());
	}
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Tests writeRawLittleEndian32() and writeRawLittleEndian64().
	/// </summary>
	[Test]
	public void WriteLittleEndian()
	{
	AssertWriteLittleEndian32(new byte[] {0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12}, 0x12345678);
	AssertWriteLittleEndian32(new byte[] {0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a}, 0x9abcdef0);

	AssertWriteLittleEndian64(
	new byte[] {0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a, 0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12},
	0x123456789abcdef0L);
	AssertWriteLittleEndian64(
	new byte[] {0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12, 0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a},
	0x9abcdef012345678UL);
	}

	[Test]
	public void WriteWholeMessage()
	{
	TestAllTypes message = TestUtil.GetAllSet();

	byte[] rawBytes = message.ToByteArray();
	TestUtil.AssertEqualBytes(TestUtil.GoldenMessage.ToByteArray(), rawBytes);

	// Try different block sizes.
	for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize < 256; blockSize *= 2)
	{
	MemoryStream rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
	CodedOutputStream output =
	CodedOutputStream.CreateInstance(rawOutput, blockSize);
	message.WriteTo(output);
	output.Flush();
	TestUtil.AssertEqualBytes(rawBytes, rawOutput.ToArray());
	}
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Tests writing a whole message with every packed field type. Ensures the
	/// wire format of packed fields is compatible with C++.
	/// </summary>
	[Test]
	public void WriteWholePackedFieldsMessage()
	{
	TestPackedTypes message = TestUtil.GetPackedSet();

	byte[] rawBytes = message.ToByteArray();
	TestUtil.AssertEqualBytes(TestUtil.GetGoldenPackedFieldsMessage().ToByteArray(),
	rawBytes);
	}

	[Test]
	public void EncodeZigZag32()
	{
	Assert.AreEqual(0, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(0));
	Assert.AreEqual(1, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(-1));
	Assert.AreEqual(2, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(1));
	Assert.AreEqual(3, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(-2));
	Assert.AreEqual(0x7FFFFFFE, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(0x3FFFFFFF));
	Assert.AreEqual(0x7FFFFFFF, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(unchecked((int) 0xC0000000)));
	Assert.AreEqual(0xFFFFFFFE, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(0x7FFFFFFF));
	Assert.AreEqual(0xFFFFFFFF, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(unchecked((int) 0x80000000)));
	}

	[Test]
	public void EncodeZigZag64()
	{
	Assert.AreEqual(0, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(0));
	Assert.AreEqual(1, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(-1));
	Assert.AreEqual(2, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(1));
	Assert.AreEqual(3, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(-2));
	Assert.AreEqual(0x000000007FFFFFFEL,
	CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(unchecked((long) 0x000000003FFFFFFFUL)));
	Assert.AreEqual(0x000000007FFFFFFFL,
	CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(unchecked((long) 0xFFFFFFFFC0000000UL)));
	Assert.AreEqual(0x00000000FFFFFFFEL,
	CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(unchecked((long) 0x000000007FFFFFFFUL)));
	Assert.AreEqual(0x00000000FFFFFFFFL,
	CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(unchecked((long) 0xFFFFFFFF80000000UL)));
	Assert.AreEqual(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEL,
	CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(unchecked((long) 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFUL)));
	Assert.AreEqual(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL,
	CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(unchecked((long) 0x8000000000000000UL)));
	}

	[Test]
	public void RoundTripZigZag32()
	{
	// Some easier-to-verify round-trip tests. The inputs (other than 0, 1, -1)
	// were chosen semi-randomly via keyboard bashing.
	Assert.AreEqual(0, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag32(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(0)));
	Assert.AreEqual(1, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag32(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(1)));
	Assert.AreEqual(-1, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag32(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(-1)));
	Assert.AreEqual(14927, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag32(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(14927)));
	Assert.AreEqual(-3612, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag32(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(-3612)));
	}

	[Test]
	public void RoundTripZigZag64()
	{
	Assert.AreEqual(0, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(0)));
	Assert.AreEqual(1, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(1)));
	Assert.AreEqual(-1, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(-1)));
	Assert.AreEqual(14927, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(14927)));
	Assert.AreEqual(-3612, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(-3612)));

	Assert.AreEqual(856912304801416L,
	CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(856912304801416L)));
	Assert.AreEqual(-75123905439571256L,
	CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(-75123905439571256L)));
	}

	[Test]
	public void TestNegativeEnumNoTag()
	{
	Assert.AreEqual(10, CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32SizeNoTag(-2));
	Assert.AreEqual(10, CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSizeNoTag(-2));

	byte[] bytes = new byte[10];
	CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.CreateInstance(bytes);
	output.WriteEnumNoTag(-2);

	Assert.AreEqual(0, output.SpaceLeft);
	Assert.AreEqual("FE-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-01", BitConverter.ToString(bytes));
	}

	[Test]
	public void TestNegativeEnumWithTag()
	{
	Assert.AreEqual(11, CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(8, -2));
	Assert.AreEqual(11, CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize(8, -2));

	byte[] bytes = new byte[11];
	CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.CreateInstance(bytes);
	output.WriteEnum(8, "", -2, -2);

	Assert.AreEqual(0, output.SpaceLeft);
	//fyi, 0x40 == 0x08 << 3 + 0, field num + wire format shift
	Assert.AreEqual("40-FE-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-01", BitConverter.ToString(bytes));
	}

	[Test]
	public void TestNegativeEnumArrayPacked()
	{
	int arraySize = 1 + (10 * 5);
	int msgSize = 1 + 1 + arraySize;
	byte[] bytes = new byte[msgSize];
	CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.CreateInstance(bytes);
	output.WritePackedEnumArray(8, "", arraySize, new int[] { 0, -1, -2, -3, -4, -5 });

	Assert.AreEqual(0, output.SpaceLeft);

	CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.CreateInstance(bytes);
	uint tag;
	string name;
	Assert.IsTrue(input.ReadTag(out tag, out name));

	List<int> values = new List<int>();
	input.ReadInt32Array(tag, name, values);

	Assert.AreEqual(6, values.Count);
	for (int i = 0; i > -6; i--)
	Assert.AreEqual(i, values[Math.Abs(i)]);
	}

	[Test]
	public void TestNegativeEnumArray()
	{
	int arraySize = 1 + 1 + (11 * 5);
	int msgSize = arraySize;
	byte[] bytes = new byte[msgSize];
	CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.CreateInstance(bytes);
	output.WriteEnumArray(8, "", new int[] { 0, -1, -2, -3, -4, -5 });

	Assert.AreEqual(0, output.SpaceLeft);

	CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.CreateInstance(bytes);
	uint tag;
	string name;
	Assert.IsTrue(input.ReadTag(out tag, out name));

	List<int> values = new List<int>();
	input.ReadInt32Array(tag, name, values);

	Assert.AreEqual(6, values.Count);
	for (int i = 0; i > -6; i--)
	Assert.AreEqual(i, values[Math.Abs(i)]);
	}
	}
	}