diff --git a/Lib/sre.py b/Lib/sre.py
index 8d03e92..859ff9e 100644
--- a/Lib/sre.py
+++ b/Lib/sre.py
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@
             continue
         append(string[i:b])
         if g and b != e:
-            extend(m.groups())
+            extend(list(m.groups()))
         i = e
         n = n + 1
     append(string[i:])
diff --git a/Lib/sre_parse.py b/Lib/sre_parse.py
index 454e477..7c6eb9f 100644
--- a/Lib/sre_parse.py
+++ b/Lib/sre_parse.py
@@ -60,6 +60,12 @@
     "u": SRE_FLAG_UNICODE,
 }
 
+try:
+    int("10", 8)
+    atoi = int
+except TypeError:
+    atoi = string.atoi
+
 class Pattern:
     # master pattern object.  keeps track of global attributes
     def __init__(self):
@@ -216,7 +222,7 @@
 def _group(escape, groups):
     # check if the escape string represents a valid group
     try:
-        gid = int(escape[1:])
+        gid = atoi(escape[1:])
         if gid and gid < groups:
             return gid
     except ValueError:
@@ -239,13 +245,13 @@
             escape = escape[2:]
             if len(escape) != 2:
                 raise error, "bogus escape: %s" % repr("\\" + escape)
-            return LITERAL, int(escape, 16) & 0xff
+            return LITERAL, atoi(escape, 16) & 0xff
         elif str(escape[1:2]) in OCTDIGITS:
             # octal escape (up to three digits)
             while source.next in OCTDIGITS and len(escape) < 5:
                 escape = escape + source.get()
             escape = escape[1:]
-            return LITERAL, int(escape, 8) & 0xff
+            return LITERAL, atoi(escape, 8) & 0xff
         if len(escape) == 2:
             return LITERAL, ord(escape[1])
     except ValueError:
@@ -267,12 +273,12 @@
                 escape = escape + source.get()
             if len(escape) != 4:
                 raise ValueError
-            return LITERAL, int(escape[2:], 16) & 0xff
+            return LITERAL, atoi(escape[2:], 16) & 0xff
         elif escape[1:2] == "0":
             # octal escape
             while source.next in OCTDIGITS and len(escape) < 4:
                 escape = escape + source.get()
-            return LITERAL, int(escape[1:], 8) & 0xff
+            return LITERAL, atoi(escape[1:], 8) & 0xff
         elif escape[1:2] in DIGITS:
             # octal escape *or* decimal group reference (sigh)
             here = source.tell()
@@ -282,7 +288,7 @@
                     source.next in OCTDIGITS):
                     # got three octal digits; this is an octal escape
                     escape = escape + source.get()
-                    return LITERAL, int(escape[1:], 8) & 0xff
+                    return LITERAL, atoi(escape[1:], 8) & 0xff
             # got at least one decimal digit; this is a group reference
             group = _group(escape, state.groups)
             if group:
@@ -456,9 +462,9 @@
                     source.seek(here)
                     continue
                 if lo:
-                    min = int(lo)
+                    min = atoi(lo)
                 if hi:
-                    max = int(hi)
+                    max = atoi(hi)
                 if max < min:
                     raise error, "bad repeat interval"
             else:
@@ -646,7 +652,7 @@
                 if not name:
                     raise error, "bad group name"
                 try:
-                    index = int(name)
+                    index = atoi(name)
                 except ValueError:
                     if not isname(name):
                         raise error, "bad character in group name"
@@ -662,7 +668,7 @@
                     if group:
                         if (s.next not in DIGITS or
                             not _group(this + s.next, pattern.groups+1)):
-                            code = MARK, int(group)
+                            code = MARK, group
                             break
                     elif s.next in OCTDIGITS:
                         this = this + s.get()
@@ -670,7 +676,7 @@
                         break
                 if not code:
                     this = this[1:]
-                    code = LITERAL, int(this[-6:], 8) & 0xff
+                    code = LITERAL, atoi(this[-6:], 8) & 0xff
                 a(code)
             else:
                 try:
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_sre.py b/Lib/test/test_sre.py
index 5d19d40..88c0d62 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_sre.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_sre.py
@@ -325,16 +325,26 @@
 
             # Try the match on a unicode string, and check that it
             # still succeeds.
-            result=obj.search(unicode(s, "latin-1"))
-            if result==None:
-                print '=== Fails on unicode match', t
+            try:
+                u = unicode(s, "latin-1")
+            except NameError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                result=obj.search(u)
+                if result==None:
+                    print '=== Fails on unicode match', t
 
             # Try the match on a unicode pattern, and check that it
             # still succeeds.
-            obj=sre.compile(unicode(pattern, "latin-1"))
-            result=obj.search(s)
-            if result==None:
-                print '=== Fails on unicode pattern match', t
+            try:
+                u = unicode(pattern, "latin-1")
+            except NameError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                obj=sre.compile(u)
+                result=obj.search(s)
+                if result==None:
+                    print '=== Fails on unicode pattern match', t
 
             # Try the match with the search area limited to the extent
             # of the match and see if it still succeeds.  \B will
diff --git a/Modules/_sre.c b/Modules/_sre.c
index f308dac..3d4054a 100644
--- a/Modules/_sre.c
+++ b/Modules/_sre.c
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
  * 2000-10-24 fl  really fixed assert_not; reset groups in findall
  * 2000-12-21 fl  fixed memory leak in groupdict
  * 2001-01-02 fl  properly reset pointer after failed assertion in MIN_UNTIL
- * 2001-01-15 fl  don't use recursion for unbounded MIN_UTIL; fixed
+ * 2001-01-15 fl  avoid recursion for MIN_UTIL; fixed uppercase literal bug
  * 2001-01-16 fl  fixed memory leak in pattern destructor
  *
  * Copyright (c) 1997-2001 by Secret Labs AB.  All rights reserved.
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 
 #ifndef SRE_RECURSIVE
 
-char copyright[] = " SRE 0.9.9 Copyright (c) 1997-2001 by Secret Labs AB ";
+char copyright[] = " SRE 2.1 Copyright (c) 1997-2001 by Secret Labs AB ";
 
 #include "Python.h"
 
@@ -49,7 +49,9 @@
 #include <ctype.h>
 
 /* name of this module, minus the leading underscore */
-#define MODULE "sre"
+#if !defined(SRE_MODULE)
+#define SRE_MODULE "sre"
+#endif
 
 /* defining this one enables tracing */
 #undef VERBOSE
@@ -81,6 +83,10 @@
 /* enables aggressive inlining (always on for Visual C) */
 #undef USE_INLINE
 
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x01060000
+#define PyObject_DEL(op) PyMem_DEL((op))
+#endif
+
 /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 #if defined(_MSC_VER)
@@ -221,6 +227,23 @@
         return SRE_UNI_IS_LINEBREAK(ch);
     case SRE_CATEGORY_UNI_NOT_LINEBREAK:
         return !SRE_UNI_IS_LINEBREAK(ch);
+#else
+    case SRE_CATEGORY_UNI_DIGIT:
+        return SRE_IS_DIGIT(ch);
+    case SRE_CATEGORY_UNI_NOT_DIGIT:
+        return !SRE_IS_DIGIT(ch);
+    case SRE_CATEGORY_UNI_SPACE:
+        return SRE_IS_SPACE(ch);
+    case SRE_CATEGORY_UNI_NOT_SPACE:
+        return !SRE_IS_SPACE(ch);
+    case SRE_CATEGORY_UNI_WORD:
+        return SRE_LOC_IS_WORD(ch);
+    case SRE_CATEGORY_UNI_NOT_WORD:
+        return !SRE_LOC_IS_WORD(ch);
+    case SRE_CATEGORY_UNI_LINEBREAK:
+        return SRE_IS_LINEBREAK(ch);
+    case SRE_CATEGORY_UNI_NOT_LINEBREAK:
+        return !SRE_IS_LINEBREAK(ch);
 #endif
     }
     return 0;
@@ -1208,33 +1231,22 @@
     int groups = 0;
     PyObject* groupindex = NULL;
     PyObject* indexgroup = NULL;
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OiO|iOO", &pattern, &flags, &code,
-                          &groups, &groupindex, &indexgroup))
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OiO!|iOO", &pattern, &flags,
+                          &PyList_Type, &code, &groups,
+                          &groupindex, &indexgroup))
         return NULL;
 
-    code = PySequence_Fast(code, "code argument must be a sequence");
-    if (!code)
-        return NULL;
-
-#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x01060000
-    n = PySequence_Size(code);
-#else
-    n = PySequence_Length(code);
-#endif
+    n = PyList_GET_SIZE(code);
 
     self = PyObject_NEW_VAR(PatternObject, &Pattern_Type, n);
-    if (!self) {
-        Py_DECREF(code);
+    if (!self)
         return NULL;
-    }
 
     for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        PyObject *o = PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM(code, i);
+        PyObject *o = PyList_GET_ITEM(code, i);
         self->code[i] = (SRE_CODE) PyInt_AsLong(o);
     }
 
-    Py_DECREF(code);
-
     if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
         PyObject_DEL(self);
         return NULL;
@@ -1270,9 +1282,11 @@
         return NULL;
     if (flags & SRE_FLAG_LOCALE)
         return Py_BuildValue("i", sre_lower_locale(character));
-#if defined(HAVE_UNICODE)
     if (flags & SRE_FLAG_UNICODE)
+#if defined(HAVE_UNICODE)
         return Py_BuildValue("i", sre_lower_unicode(character));
+#else
+        return Py_BuildValue("i", sre_lower_locale(character));
 #endif
     return Py_BuildValue("i", sre_lower(character));
 }
@@ -1380,9 +1394,11 @@
 
     if (pattern->flags & SRE_FLAG_LOCALE)
         state->lower = sre_lower_locale;
-#if defined(HAVE_UNICODE)
     else if (pattern->flags & SRE_FLAG_UNICODE)
+#if defined(HAVE_UNICODE)
         state->lower = sre_lower_unicode;
+#else
+        state->lower = sre_lower_locale;
 #endif
     else
         state->lower = sre_lower;
@@ -1520,7 +1536,7 @@
 
     string = state_init(&self->state, pattern, string, start, end);
     if (!string) {
-        PyObject_Del(self);
+        PyObject_DEL(self);
         return NULL;
     }
 
@@ -1619,7 +1635,7 @@
     PyObject* func;
     PyObject* result;
 
-    name = PyString_FromString(MODULE);
+    name = PyString_FromString(SRE_MODULE);
     if (!name)
         return NULL;
     module = PyImport_Import(name);
@@ -2366,7 +2382,7 @@
     Pattern_Type.ob_type = Match_Type.ob_type =
         Scanner_Type.ob_type = &PyType_Type;
 
-    m = Py_InitModule("_" MODULE, _functions);
+    m = Py_InitModule("_" SRE_MODULE, _functions);
     d = PyModule_GetDict(m);
 
     PyDict_SetItemString(