diff --git a/Lib/test/test_zipfile.py b/Lib/test/test_zipfile.py
index 97a71e6..6bf5c2f 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_zipfile.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_zipfile.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 import io
 import sys
 import time
-import shutil
 import struct
 import zipfile
 import unittest
@@ -19,7 +18,7 @@
 from unittest import skipUnless
 
 from test.test_support import TESTFN, TESTFN_UNICODE, TESTFN_ENCODING, \
-                              run_unittest, findfile, unlink, check_warnings
+                              run_unittest, findfile, unlink, rmtree, check_warnings
 try:
     TESTFN_UNICODE.encode(TESTFN_ENCODING)
 except (UnicodeError, TypeError):
@@ -367,7 +366,8 @@
         produces the expected result."""
         with zipfile.ZipFile(TESTFN2, "w") as zipfp:
             zipfp.write(TESTFN)
-            self.assertEqual(zipfp.read(TESTFN), open(TESTFN).read())
+            with open(TESTFN,'r') as fid:
+                self.assertEqual(zipfp.read(TESTFN), fid.read())
 
     @skipUnless(zlib, "requires zlib")
     def test_per_file_compression(self):
@@ -406,11 +406,12 @@
                 self.assertEqual(writtenfile, correctfile)
 
                 # make sure correct data is in correct file
-                self.assertEqual(fdata, open(writtenfile, "rb").read())
+                with open(writtenfile, "rb") as fid:
+                    self.assertEqual(fdata, fid.read())
                 os.remove(writtenfile)
 
         # remove the test file subdirectories
-        shutil.rmtree(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'ziptest2dir'))
+        rmtree(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'ziptest2dir'))
 
     def test_extract_all(self):
         with zipfile.ZipFile(TESTFN2, "w", zipfile.ZIP_STORED) as zipfp:
@@ -422,11 +423,12 @@
             for fpath, fdata in SMALL_TEST_DATA:
                 outfile = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), fpath)
 
-                self.assertEqual(fdata, open(outfile, "rb").read())
+                with open(outfile, "rb") as fid:
+                    self.assertEqual(fdata, fid.read())
                 os.remove(outfile)
 
         # remove the test file subdirectories
-        shutil.rmtree(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'ziptest2dir'))
+        rmtree(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'ziptest2dir'))
 
     def check_file(self, filename, content):
         self.assertTrue(os.path.isfile(filename))
@@ -511,12 +513,12 @@
                 self.assertEqual(writtenfile, correctfile,
                                  msg="extract %r" % arcname)
             self.check_file(correctfile, content)
-            shutil.rmtree('target')
+            rmtree('target')
 
             with zipfile.ZipFile(TESTFN2, 'r') as zipfp:
                 zipfp.extractall(targetpath)
             self.check_file(correctfile, content)
-            shutil.rmtree('target')
+            rmtree('target')
 
             correctfile = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), *fixedname.split('/'))
 
@@ -525,12 +527,12 @@
                 self.assertEqual(writtenfile, correctfile,
                                  msg="extract %r" % arcname)
             self.check_file(correctfile, content)
-            shutil.rmtree(fixedname.split('/')[0])
+            rmtree(fixedname.split('/')[0])
 
             with zipfile.ZipFile(TESTFN2, 'r') as zipfp:
                 zipfp.extractall()
             self.check_file(correctfile, content)
-            shutil.rmtree(fixedname.split('/')[0])
+            rmtree(fixedname.split('/')[0])
 
             os.remove(TESTFN2)
 
@@ -775,11 +777,12 @@
             self.assertNotIn('mod2.txt', names)
 
         finally:
-            shutil.rmtree(TESTFN2)
+            rmtree(TESTFN2)
 
     def test_write_non_pyfile(self):
         with zipfile.PyZipFile(TemporaryFile(), "w") as zipfp:
-            open(TESTFN, 'w').write('most definitely not a python file')
+            with open(TESTFN, 'w') as fid:
+                fid.write('most definitely not a python file')
             self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, zipfp.writepy, TESTFN)
             os.remove(TESTFN)
 
@@ -942,8 +945,9 @@
         self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, zipf.open, "foo.txt")
         self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, zipf.testzip)
         self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, zipf.writestr, "bogus.txt", "bogus")
-        open(TESTFN, 'w').write('zipfile test data')
-        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, zipf.write, TESTFN)
+        with open(TESTFN, 'w') as fid:
+            fid.write('zipfile test data')
+            self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, zipf.write, TESTFN)
 
     def test_bad_constructor_mode(self):
         """Check that bad modes passed to ZipFile constructor are caught."""
@@ -1129,6 +1133,7 @@
             pass
         try:
             zipf = zipfile.ZipFile(TESTFN, mode="r")
+            zipf.close()
         except zipfile.BadZipfile:
             self.fail("Unable to create empty ZIP file in 'w' mode")
 
@@ -1136,6 +1141,7 @@
             pass
         try:
             zipf = zipfile.ZipFile(TESTFN, mode="r")
+            zipf.close()
         except:
             self.fail("Unable to create empty ZIP file in 'a' mode")
 
@@ -1332,12 +1338,11 @@
         # Verify that (when the ZipFile is in control of creating file objects)
         # multiple open() calls can be made without interfering with each other.
         with zipfile.ZipFile(TESTFN2, mode="r") as zipf:
-            zopen1 = zipf.open('ones')
-            zopen2 = zipf.open('ones')
-            data1 = zopen1.read(500)
-            data2 = zopen2.read(500)
-            data1 += zopen1.read(500)
-            data2 += zopen2.read(500)
+            with zipf.open('ones') as zopen1, zipf.open('ones') as zopen2:
+                data1 = zopen1.read(500)
+                data2 = zopen2.read(500)
+                data1 += zopen1.read(500)
+                data2 += zopen2.read(500)
             self.assertEqual(data1, data2)
 
     def test_different_file(self):
@@ -1364,6 +1369,17 @@
             self.assertEqual(data1, '1'*FIXEDTEST_SIZE)
             self.assertEqual(data2, '2'*FIXEDTEST_SIZE)
 
+    def test_many_opens(self):
+        # Verify that read() and open() promptly close the file descriptor,
+        # and don't rely on the garbage collector to free resources.
+        with zipfile.ZipFile(TESTFN2, mode="r") as zipf:
+            for x in range(100):
+                zipf.read('ones')
+                with zipf.open('ones') as zopen1:
+                    pass
+        with open(os.devnull) as f:
+            self.assertLess(f.fileno(), 100)
+
     def tearDown(self):
         unlink(TESTFN2)
 
@@ -1386,12 +1402,12 @@
 
     def test_store_dir(self):
         os.mkdir(os.path.join(TESTFN2, "x"))
-        zipf = zipfile.ZipFile(TESTFN, "w")
-        zipf.write(os.path.join(TESTFN2, "x"), "x")
-        self.assertTrue(zipf.filelist[0].filename.endswith("x/"))
+        with zipfile.ZipFile(TESTFN, "w") as zipf:
+            zipf.write(os.path.join(TESTFN2, "x"), "x")
+            self.assertTrue(zipf.filelist[0].filename.endswith("x/"))
 
     def tearDown(self):
-        shutil.rmtree(TESTFN2)
+        rmtree(TESTFN2)
         if os.path.exists(TESTFN):
             unlink(TESTFN)
 
@@ -1405,7 +1421,8 @@
         for n, s in enumerate(self.seps):
             self.arcdata[s] = s.join(self.line_gen) + s
             self.arcfiles[s] = '%s-%d' % (TESTFN, n)
-            open(self.arcfiles[s], "wb").write(self.arcdata[s])
+            with open(self.arcfiles[s], "wb") as fid:
+                fid.write(self.arcdata[s])
 
     def make_test_archive(self, f, compression):
         # Create the ZIP archive
@@ -1474,8 +1491,9 @@
         # Read the ZIP archive
         with zipfile.ZipFile(f, "r") as zipfp:
             for sep, fn in self.arcfiles.items():
-                for line, zipline in zip(self.line_gen, zipfp.open(fn, "rU")):
-                    self.assertEqual(zipline, line + '\n')
+                with zipfp.open(fn, "rU") as fid:
+                    for line, zipline in zip(self.line_gen, fid):
+                        self.assertEqual(zipline, line + '\n')
 
     def test_read_stored(self):
         for f in (TESTFN2, TemporaryFile(), StringIO()):