| What's new in this release? |
| =========================== |
| |
| Below is a partial list of changes. This list is much more detailed than |
| previous; however it is still not complete. I did go through my CVS logs |
| but ran out of time. Some changes made beteen Oct 1996 and April 1997 |
| have not yet been noted. |
| |
| |
| Miscellaneous |
| ------------- |
| |
| - The default module search path is now much saner. Both on Unix and |
| Windows, it is essentially derived from the path to the executable |
| (which can be overridden by setting the environment variable |
| $PYTHONHOME). The value of $PYTHONPATH on Windows is now inserted in |
| front of the default path, like in Unix (instead of overriding the |
| default path). On Windows, the directory containing the executable is |
| added to the end of the path. |
| |
| - On Unix, when using sys.argv[0] to insert the script directory in |
| front of sys.path, expand a symbolic link. You can now install a |
| program in a private directory and have a symbolic link to it in a |
| public bin directory, and it will put the private directory in the |
| module search path. Note that the symlink is expanded in sys.path[0] |
| but not in sys.argv[0], so you can still tell the name by which you |
| were invoked. |
| |
| - It is now recommended to use ``#!/usr/bin/env python'' instead of |
| ``#!/usr/local/bin/python'' at the start of executable scripts, except |
| for CGI scripts. It has been determined that the use of /usr/bin/env |
| is more portable than that of /usr/local/bin/python -- scripts almost |
| never have to be edited when the Python interpreter lives in a |
| non-standard place. Note that this doesn't work for CGI scripts since |
| the python executable often doesn't live in the HTTP server's default |
| search path. |
| |
| - The silly -s command line option and the corresponding |
| PYTHONSUPPRESS environment variable (and the Py_SuppressPrint global |
| flag in the Python/C API) are gone. |
| |
| - Most problems on 64-bit platforms should now be fixed. Andrew |
| Kuchling helped. Some uncommon extension modules are still not |
| clean (image and audio ops?). |
| |
| - Fixed a bug where multiple anonymous tuple arguments would be mixed up |
| when using the debugger or profiler (reported by Just van Rossum). |
| The simplest example is ``def f((a,b),(c,d)): print a,b,c,d''; this |
| would print the wrong value when run under the debugger or profiler. |
| |
| - The sort() methods for lists no longer uses the C library qsort(); I |
| wrote my own quicksort implementation, with help from Tim Peters. |
| This solves a bug in dictionary comparisons on some Solaris versions |
| when Python is built with threads, and makes sorting lists even |
| faster. |
| |
| - The hacks that the dictionary implementation used to speed up |
| repeated lookups of the same C string were removed; these were a |
| source of subtle problems and don't seem to serve much of a purpose |
| any longer. |
| |
| - All traces of support for the long dead access statement have been |
| removed from the sources. |
| |
| - Plugged the two-byte memory leak in the tokenizer when reading an |
| interactive EOF. |
| |
| |
| Performance |
| ----------- |
| |
| - It's much faster (almost twice for pystone.py -- see |
| Tools/scripts). See the entry on string interning below. |
| |
| - Some speedup by using separate free lists for method objects (both |
| the C and the Python variety) and for floating point numbers. |
| |
| - Big speedup by allocating frame objects with a single malloc() call. |
| The Python/C API for frames is changed (you shouldn't be using this |
| anyway). |
| |
| - Significant speedup by inlining some common opcodes for common operand |
| types (e.g. i+i, i-i, and list[i]). Fredrik Lundh. |
| |
| - Small speedup by reordering the method tables of some common |
| objects (e.g. list.append is now first). |
| |
| - Big optimization to the read() method of file objects. A read() |
| without arguments now attempts to use fstat to allocate a buffer of |
| the right size; for pipes and sockets, it will fall back to doubling |
| the buffer size. While that the improvement is real on all systems, |
| it is most dramatic on Windows. |
| |
| |
| Documentation |
| ------------- |
| |
| - Many new pieces of library documentation were contributed, mostly by |
| Andrew Kuchling. Even cmath is now documented! There's also a |
| chapter of the library manual, "libundoc.tex", which provides a |
| listing of all undocumented modules, plus their status (e.g. internal, |
| obsolete, or in need of documentation). Also contributions by Sue |
| Williams, Skip Montanaro, and some module authors who succumbed to |
| pressure to document their own contributed modules :-). Note that |
| printing the documentation now kills fewer trees -- the margins have |
| been reduced. |
| |
| - I have started documenting the Python/C API. Unfortunately this project |
| hasn't been completed yet. It will be complete before the final release of |
| Python 1.5, though. At the moment, it's better to read the LaTeX source |
| than to attempt to run it through LaTeX and print the resulting dvi file. |
| |
| - The posix module (and hence os.py) now has doc strings! Thanks to Neil |
| Schemenauer. I received a few other contributions of doc strings. In most |
| other places, doc strings are still wishful thinking... |
| |
| |
| Language changes |
| ---------------- |
| |
| - Private variables with leading double underscore are now a permanent |
| feature of the language. (These were experimental in release 1.4. I have |
| favorable experience using them; I can't label them "experimental" |
| forever.) |
| |
| - There's new string literal syntax for "raw strings". Prefixing a string |
| literal with the letter r (or R) disables all escape processing in the |
| string; for example, r'\n' is a two-character string consisting of a |
| backslash followed by the letter n. This combines with all forms of string |
| quotes; it is actually useful for triple quoted doc strings which might |
| contain references to \n or \t. An embedded quote prefixed with a |
| backslash does not terminate the string, but the backslash is still |
| included in the string; for example, r'\'' is a two-character string |
| consisting of a backslash and a quote. (Raw strings are also |
| affectionately known as Robin strings, after their inventor, Robin |
| Friedrich.) |
| |
| - There's a simple assert statement, and a new exception |
| AssertionError. For example, ``assert foo > 0'' is equivalent to ``if |
| not foo > 0: raise AssertionError''. Sorry, the text of the asserted |
| condition is not available; it would be too generate code for this. |
| However, the text is displayed as part of the traceback! There's also |
| a -O option to the interpreter that removes SET_LINENO instructions, |
| assert statements; it uses and produces .pyo files instead of .pyc |
| files (the line numbers are still available in the .pyo file, as a |
| separate table; but the removal of the SET_LINENO instructions means |
| that the debugger can't set breakpoints on lines in -O mode). In the |
| future it should be possible to write external bytecode optimizers |
| that create better optimized .pyo files. Without -O, the assert |
| statement actually generates code that first checks __debug__; if this |
| variable is false, the assertion is not checked. __debug__ is a |
| built-in variable whose value is initialized to track the -O flag |
| (it's true iff -O is not specified). With -O, no code is generated |
| for assert statements, nor for code of the form ``if __debug__: |
| <something>''. Sorry, no further constant folding happens. |
| |
| |
| Changes to builtin features |
| --------------------------- |
| |
| - There's a new exception FloatingPointError (used only by Lee Busby's |
| patches to catch floating point exceptions, at the moment). |
| |
| - The obsolete exception ConflictError has been deleted. |
| |
| - There's a new function sys.exc_info() which returns the tuple |
| (sys.exc_type, sys.exc_value, sys.exc_traceback) in a thread-safe way. |
| |
| - There's a new variable sys.executable, pointing to the executable file |
| for the Python interpreter. |
| |
| - The semantics of try-except have changed subtly so that calling a |
| function in an exception handler that itself raises and catches an |
| exception no longer overwrites the sys.exc_* variables. This also |
| alleviates the problem that objects referenced in a stack frame that |
| caught an exception are kept alive until another exception is caught |
| -- the sys.exc_* variables are restored to their previous value when |
| returning from a function that caught an exception. |
| |
| - There's a new "buffer" interface. Certain objects (e.g. strings and |
| arrays) now support the "buffer" protocol. Buffer objects are acceptable |
| whenever formerly a string was required for a write operation; mutable |
| buffer objects can be the target of a read operation using the call |
| f.readinto(buffer). A cool feature is that regular expression matching now |
| also work on array objects. Contribution by Jack Jansen. (Needs |
| documentation.) |
| |
| - String interning: dictionary lookups are faster when the lookup |
| string object is the same object as the key in the dictionary, not |
| just a string with the same value. This is done by having a pool of |
| "interned" strings. Most names generated by the interpreter are now |
| automatically interned, and there's a new built-in function intern(s) |
| that returns the interned version of a string. Interned strings are |
| not a different object type, and interning is totally optional, but by |
| interning most keys a speedup of about 15% was obtained for the |
| pystone benchmark. |
| |
| - Dictionary objects have several new methods; clear() and copy() have |
| the obvious semantics, while update(d) merges the contents of another |
| dictionary d into this one, overriding existing keys. BTW, the |
| dictionary implementation file is now called dictobject.c rather than |
| the confusing mappingobject.c. |
| |
| - The intrinsic function dir() is much smarter; it looks in __dict__, |
| __members__ and __methods__. |
| |
| - The intrinsic functions int(), long() and float() can now take a |
| string argument and then do the same thing as string.atoi(), |
| string.atol(), and string.atof(). No second 'base' argument is |
| allowed, and complex() does not take a string (nobody cared enough). |
| |
| - When a module is deleted, its globals are now deleted in two phases. |
| In the first phase, all variables whose name begins with exactly one |
| underscore are replaced by None; in the second phase, all variables |
| are deleted. This makes it possible to have global objects whose |
| destructors depend on other globals. The deletion order within each |
| phase is still random. |
| |
| - It is no longer an error for a function to be called without a |
| global variable __builtins__ -- an empty directory will be provided |
| by default. |
| |
| - Guido's corollary to the "Don Beaudry hack": it is now possible to do |
| metaprogramming by using an instance as a base class. Not for the |
| faint of heart; and undocumented as yet, but basically if a base class |
| is an instance, its class will be instantiated to create the new |
| class. Jim Fulton will love it -- it also works with instances of his |
| "extension classes", since it is triggered by the presence of a |
| __class__ attribute on the purported base class. |
| |
| - New optional parameter to the readlines() method of file objects. |
| This indicates the number of bytes to read (the actual number of bytes |
| read will be somewhat larger due to buffering reading until the end of |
| the line). Some optimizations have also been made to speed it up (but |
| not as much as read()). |
| |
| |
| New extension modules |
| --------------------- |
| |
| - New extension modules cStringIO.c and cPickle.c, written by Jim |
| Fulton and other folks at Digital Creations. These are much more |
| efficient than their Python counterparts StringIO.py and pickle.py, |
| but don't support subclassing. cPickle.c clocks up to 1000 times |
| faster than pickle.py; cStringIO.c's improvement is less dramatic but |
| still significant. The pickle.py module has been updated to make it |
| compatible with the new binary format that cPickle.c produces (by |
| default it produces the old all-ASCII format compatible with the old |
| pickle.py, still much faster than pickle.py; it can read both |
| formats). A new helper module, copy_reg.py, is provided to register |
| extensions to the pickling code. (These are now identical to the |
| release 0.3 from Digital Creations.) |
| |
| - New extension module zlibmodule.c, interfacing to the free zlib |
| library (gzip compatible compression). There's also a module gzip.py |
| which provides a higher level interface. Written by Andrew Kuchling |
| and Jeremy Hylton. |
| |
| - New module readline; see the "miscellaneous" section above. |
| |
| - New Unix extension module resource.c, by Jeremy Hylton, provides |
| access to getrlimit(), getrusage(), setrusage(), getpagesize(), and |
| related symbolic constants. |
| |
| - New extension puremodule.c, by Barry Warsaw, which interfaces to the |
| Purify(TM) C API. See also the file Misc/PURIFY.README. It is also |
| possible to enable Purify by simply setting the PURIFY Makefile |
| variable in the Modules/Setup file. |
| |
| |
| Changes in extension modules |
| ---------------------------- |
| |
| - The struct extension module has several new features to control byte |
| order and word size. It supports reading and writing IEEE floats even |
| on platforms where this is not the native format. |
| |
| - The fcntl extension module now exports the needed symbolic |
| constants. (Formerly these were in FCNTL.py which was not available |
| or correct for all platforms.) |
| |
| - The extension modules dbm, gdbm and bsddb now check that the |
| database is still open before making any new calls. |
| |
| - Various modules now export their type object: socket.SocketType, |
| array.ArrayType. |
| |
| - The socket module's accept() method now returns unknown addresses as |
| a tuple rather than raising an exception. (This can happen in |
| promiscuous mode.) Theres' also a new function getprotobyname(). |
| |
| - The pthread support for the thread module now works on most platforms. |
| |
| - STDWIN is now officially obsolete. Support for it will eventually |
| be removed from the distribution. |
| |
| - The binascii extension module is now hopefully fully debugged. (XXX |
| Oops -- Fredril Lundh promised me a fix that I never received.) |
| |
| - audioop.c: added a ratecv method |
| |
| - posixmodule.c: now exports the O_* flags (O_APPEND etc.). On |
| Windows, also O_TEXT and O_BINARY. The 'error' variable (the |
| exception is raises) is renamed -- its string value is now "os.error", |
| so newbies don't believe they have to import posix (or nt) to catch |
| it when they see os.error reported as posix.error. |
| |
| - A new version of the al (audio library) module for SGI was |
| contributed by Sjoerd Mullender. |
| |
| - The regex module has a new function get_syntax() which retrieves the |
| syntax setting set by set_syntax(). The code was also sanitized, |
| removing worries about unclean error handling. See also below for its |
| successor, re.py. |
| |
| - The "new" module (which creates new objects of various types) once |
| again has a fully functioning new.function() method. Dangerous as |
| ever! |
| |
| |
| New library modules |
| ------------------- |
| |
| - New (still experimental) Perl-style regular expression module, |
| re.py, which uses a new interface for matching as well as a new |
| syntax; the new interface avoids the thread-unsafety of the regex |
| interface. This comes with a helper extension reopmodule.c and vastly |
| rewritten regexpr.c. Most work on this was done by Jeffrey Ollie, Tim |
| Peters, and Andrew Kuchling. See the documentation libre.tex. In |
| 1.5, the old regex module is still fully supported; in the future, it |
| will become obsolete. |
| |
| - New module gzip.py; see zlib above. |
| |
| - New module keyword.py exports knowledge about Python's built-in |
| keywords. (New version by Ka-Ping Yee.) |
| |
| - New module pprint.py (with documentation) which supports |
| pretty-printing of lists, tuples, & dictionaries recursively. By Fred |
| Drake. |
| |
| - New module code.py. The function code.compile_command() can |
| determine whether an interactively entered command is complete or not, |
| distinguishing incomplete from invalid input. |
| |
| - There is now a library module xdrlib.py which can read and write the |
| XDR data format as used by Sun RPC, for example. It uses the struct |
| module. |
| |
| |
| Changes in library modules |
| -------------------------- |
| |
| - Module codehack.py is now completely obsolete. |
| |
| - Revamped module tokenize.py is much more accurate and has an |
| interface that makes it a breeze to write code to colorize Python |
| source code. Contributed by Ka-Ping Yee. |
| |
| - In ihooks.py, ModuleLoader.load_module() now closes the file under |
| all circumstances. |
| |
| - The tempfile.py module has a new class, TemporaryFile, which creates |
| an open temporary file that will be deleted automatically when |
| closed. This works on Windows and MacOS as well as on Unix. (Jim |
| Fulton.) |
| |
| - Changes to the cgi.py module: Most imports are now done at the |
| top of the module, which provides a speedup when using ni (Jim |
| Fulton). The problem with file upload to a Windows platform is solved |
| by using the new tempfile.TemporaryFile class; temporary files are now |
| always opened in binary mode (Jim Fulton). The cgi.escape() function |
| now takes an optional flag argument that quotes '"' to '"'. It |
| is now possible to invoke cgi.py from a command line script, to test |
| cgi scripts more easily outside an http server. There's an optional |
| limit to the size of uploads to POST (Skip Montanaro). Added a |
| 'strict_parsing' option to all parsing functions (Jim Fulton). The |
| function parse_qs() now uses urllib.unquote() on the name as well as |
| the value of fields (Clarence Gardner). The FieldStorage class now |
| has a __len__() method. |
| |
| - httplib.py: the socket object is no longer closed; all HTTP/1.* |
| versions are now treated the same; and it is now thread-safe (by not |
| using the regex module). |
| |
| - BaseHTTPModule.py: treat all HTTP/1.* versions the same. |
| |
| - The popen2.py module is now rewritten using a class, which makes |
| access to the standard error stream and the process id of the |
| subprocess possible. |
| |
| - Added timezone support to the rfc822.py module, in the form of a |
| getdate_tz() method and a parsedate_tz() function. Also added |
| recognition of some non-standard date formats, by Lars Wirzenius. |
| |
| - mhlib.py: various enhancements, including almost compatible parsing |
| of message sequence specifiers without invoking a subprocess. Also |
| added a createmessage() method by Lars Wirzenius. |
| |
| - The StringIO.StringIO class now supports readline(nbytes). (Lars |
| Wirzenius.) (Of course, you should be using cStringIO for performance.) |
| |
| - UserDict.py supports the new dictionary methods as well. |
| |
| - Improvements for whrandom.py by Tim Peters: use 32-bit arithmetic to |
| speed it up, and replace 0 seed values by 1 to avoid degeneration. |
| |
| - Module ftplib.py: added support for parsing a .netrc file (Fred |
| Drake). Also added an ntransfercmd() method to the FTP class, which |
| allows access to the expected size of a transfer when available, and a |
| parse150() function to the module which parses the corresponding 150 |
| response. |
| |
| - urllib.py: the ftp cache is now limited to 10 entries. Added |
| quote_plus() method which is like qupte() but also replaces spaces |
| with '+', for encoding CGI form arguments. Catch all errors from the |
| ftp module. HTTP requests now add the Host: header line. The proxy |
| variable names are now mapped to lower case, for Windows. The |
| spliturl() function no longer erroneously throws away all data past |
| the first newline. The basejoin() function now intereprets "../" |
| correctly. |
| |
| - shelve.py: use cPickle and cStringIO when available. Also added |
| a sync() method, which calls the database's sync() method if there is |
| one. |
| |
| - The mimetools.py module now uses the available Python modules for |
| decoding quoted-printable, uuencode and base64 formats, rather than |
| creating a subprocess. |
| |
| - The python debugger (pdb.py, and its base class bdb.py) now support |
| conditional breakpoints. See the docs. |
| |
| - The modules base64.py, uu.py and quopri.py can now be used as simple |
| command line utilities. |
| |
| - Various small fixes to the nntplib.py module that I can't bother to |
| document in detail. |
| |
| - There is a cache for results in urlparse.urlparse(); its size limit |
| is set to 20 (not 2000 as it was in earlier alphas). |
| |
| - Sjoerd Mullender's mimify.py module now supports base64 encoding and |
| includes functions to handle the funny encoding you sometimes see in mail |
| headers. It is now documented. |
| |
| - mailbox.py: Added BabylMailbox. Improved the way the mailbox is |
| gotten from the environment. |
| |
| - Many more modules now correctly open files in binary mode when this |
| is necessary on non-Unix platforms. |
| |
| - The copying functions in the undocumented module shutil.py are |
| smarter. |
| |
| - The Writer classes in the formatter.py module now have a flush() |
| method. |
| |
| - The Python bytecode disassembler module, dis.py, has been enhanced |
| quite a bit. There's now one main function, dis.dis(), which takes |
| almost any kind of object (function, module, class, instance, method, |
| code object) and disassembles it; without arguments it disassembles |
| the last frame of the last traceback. The other functions have |
| changed slightly, too. |
| |
| - The imghdr.py module recognizes new image types: BMP, PNG. |
| |
| - The string module has a new function replace(str, old, new, |
| [maxsplit]) which does substring replacements. It is actually |
| implemented in C in the strop module. The functions [r]find() an |
| [r]index() have an optional 4th argument indicating the end of the |
| substring to search, alsoo implemented by their strop counterparts. |
| (Remember, never import strop -- import string uses strop when |
| available with zero overhead.) |
| |
| |
| Changes to the build process |
| ---------------------------- |
| |
| - The way GNU readline is configured is totally different. The |
| --with-readline configure option is gone. It is now an extension |
| module, which may be loaded dynamically. You must enable it (and |
| specify the correct linraries to link with) in the Modules/Setup file. |
| Importing the module installs some hooks which enable command line |
| editing. When the interpreter shell is invoked interactively, it |
| attempts to import the readline module; when this fails, the default |
| input mechanism is used. The hook variables are PyOS_InputHook and |
| PyOS_ReadlineFunctionPointer. (Code contributed by Lee Busby, with |
| ideas from William Magro.) |
| |
| - New build procedure: a single library, libpython1.5.a, is now built, |
| which contains absolutely everything except for a one-line main() |
| program (which calls Py_Main(argc, argv) to start the interpreter |
| shell). This makes life much simpler for applications that need to |
| embed Python. The serial number of the build is now included in the |
| version string (sys.version). |
| |
| - As far as I can tell, neither gcc -Wall nor the Microsoft compiler |
| emits a single warning any more when compiling Python. |
| |
| - A set of patches from Lee Busby has been integrated that make it |
| possible to catch floating point exceptions. Use the configure option |
| --with-fpectl to enable the patches; the extension modules fpectl and |
| fpetest provide control to enable/disable and test the feature, |
| respectively. |
| |
| - The support for shared libraries under AIX is now simpler and more |
| robust. Thanks to Vladimir Marangozov for revamping his own patches! |
| |
| - The Modules/makesetup script now reads a file Setup.local as well as |
| a file Setup. Most changes to the Setup script can be done by editing |
| Setup.local instead, which makes it easier to carry a particular setup |
| over from one release to the next. |
| |
| - The configure script is smarter about C compiler options; e.g. with |
| gcc it uses -O2 and -g when possible, and on some other platforms it |
| uses -Olimit 1500 to avoid a warning from the optimizer about the main |
| loop in ceval.c (which has more than 1000 basic blocks). |
| |
| - The configure script now detects whether malloc(0) returns a NULL |
| pointer or a valid block (of length zero). This avoids the nonsense |
| of always adding one byte to all malloc() arguments on most platforms. |
| |
| |
| Change to the Python/C API |
| -------------------------- |
| |
| - I've completed the Grand Renaming, with the help of Roger Masse and |
| Barry Warsaw. This makes reading or debugging the code much easier. |
| Many other unrelated code reorganizations have also been carried out. |
| The allobjects.h header file is gone; instead, you would have to |
| include Python.h followed by rename2.h. But you're better off running |
| Tools/scripts/fixcid.py -s Misc/RENAME on your source, so you can omit |
| the rename2.h; it will disappear in the next release. |
| |
| - The API functions in the file cgensupport.c are no longer |
| supported. This file has been moved to Modules and is only ever |
| compiled when the SGI specific 'gl' module is built. |
| |
| - PyObject_Compare() can now raise an exception. Check with |
| PyErr_Occurred(). The comparison function in an object type may also |
| raise an exception. |
| |
| - The slice interface uses an upper bound of INT_MAX when no explicit |
| upper bound is given (e.x. for a[1:]). It used to ask the object for |
| its length and do the calculations. |
| |
| - Support for multiple independent interpreters. See Doc/api.tex, |
| functions Py_NewInterpreter() and Py_EndInterpreter(). Since the |
| documentation is incomplete, also see the new Demo/pysvr example |
| (which shows how to use these in a threaded application) and the |
| source code. |
| |
| - There is now a Py_Finalize() function which "de-initializes" |
| Python. It is possible to completely restart the interpreter |
| repeatedly by calling Py_Finalize() followed by Py_Initialize(). A |
| change of functionality in Py_Initialize() means that it is now a |
| fatal error to call it while the interpreter is already initialized. |
| The old, half-hearted Py_Cleanup() routine is gone. Use of Py_Exit() |
| is deprecated (it is nothing more than Py_Finalize() followed by |
| exit()). |
| |
| - There are no known memory leaks left. While Py_Finalize() doesn't |
| free *all* allocated memory (some of it is hard to track down), |
| repeated calls to Py_Finalize() and Py_Initialize() do not create |
| unaccessible heap blocks. |
| |
| - There is now explicit per-thread state. (Inspired by, but not the |
| same as, Greg Stein's free threading patches.) |
| |
| - There is now better support for threading C applications. There are |
| now explicit APIs to manipulate the interpreter lock. Read the source |
| or the Demo/pysvr example; the new functions are |
| PyEval_{Acquire,Release}{Lock,Thread}(). |
| |
| - New wrappers around malloc() and friends: Py_Malloc() etc. call |
| malloc() and call PyErr_NoMemory() when it fails; PyMem_Malloc() call |
| just malloc(). Use of these wrappers could be essential if multiple |
| memory allocators exist (e.g. when using certain DLL setups under |
| Windows). (Idea by Jim Fulton.) |
| |
| - New C API PyImport_Import() which uses whatever __import__() hook |
| that is installed for the current execution environment. By Jim |
| Fulton. |
| |
| - It is now possible for an extension module's init function to fail |
| non-fatally, by calling one of the PyErr_* functions and returning. |
| |
| - The PyInt_AS_LONG() and PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE() macros now cast their |
| argument to the proper type, like the similar PyString macros already |
| did. (Suggestion by Marc-Andre Lemburg.) |
| |
| - Some of the Py_Get* function, like Py_GetVersion() (but not yet |
| Py_GetPath()) are now declared as returning a const char *. (More |
| should follow.) |
| |
| - Changed the run-time library to check for exceptions after object |
| comparisons. PyObject_Compare() can now return an exception; use |
| PyErr_Occurred() to check (there is *no* special return value). |
| |
| - PyFile_WriteString() and Py_Flushline() now return error indicators |
| instead of clearing exceptions. This fixes an obscure bug where using |
| these would clear a pending exception, discovered by Just van Rossum. |
| |
| - PyArg_GetInt() is gone. |
| |
| - It's no longer necessary to include graminit.h when calling one of |
| the extended parser API functions. The three public grammar start |
| symbols are now in Python.h as Py_single_input, Py_file_input, and |
| Py_eval_input. |
| |
| |
| Tkinter |
| ------- |
| |
| - On popular demand, _tkinter once again installs a hook for readline |
| that processes certain Tk events while waiting for the user to type |
| (using PyOS_InputHook). |
| |
| - A patch by Craig McPheeters plugs the most obnoxious memory leaks, |
| caused by command definitions referencing widget objects beyond their |
| lifetime. |
| |
| - New standard dialog modules: tkColorChooser.py, tkCommonDialog.py, |
| tkMessageBox.py, tkFileDialog.py, tkSimpleDialog.py These interface |
| with the new Tk dialog scripts. Contributed by Fredrik Lundh. |
| |
| - Tkinter.py: when the first Tk object is destroyed, it sets the |
| hiddel global _default_root to None, so that when another Tk object is |
| created it becomes the new default root. Other miscellaneous |
| changes and fixes. |
| |
| - The _tkinter.c extension module has been revamped. It now support |
| Tk versions 4.1 through 8.0; support for 4.0 has been dropped. It |
| works well under Windows and Mac (with the latest Tk ports to those |
| platforms). It also supports threading -- it is safe for one |
| (Python-created) thread to be blocked in _tkinter.mainloop() while |
| other threads modify widgets. (To make the changes visible, those |
| threads must use update_idletasks()method.) Unfortunately, on Windows |
| and Mac, Tk 8.0 no longer supports CreateFileHandler, so |
| _tkinter.createfilehandler is not available on those platforms. I |
| will have to rethink how to interface with Tcl's lower-level event |
| mechanism, or with its channels (which are like Python's file-like |
| objects). |
| |
| |
| Tools and Demos |
| --------------- |
| |
| - A new regression test suite is provided, which tests most of the |
| standard and built-in modules. The regression test is run by invoking |
| the script Lib/test/regrtest.py. Barry Warsaw wrote the test harnass; |
| he and Roger Masse contributed most of the new tests. |
| |
| - New tool: faqwiz -- the CGI script that is used to maintain the |
| Python FAQ (http://grail.cnri.reston.va.us/cgi-bin/faqw.py). In |
| Tools/faqwiz. |
| |
| - New tool: webchecker -- a simple extensible web robot that, when |
| aimed at a web server, checks that server for dead links. Available |
| are a command line utility as well as a Tkinter based GUI version. In |
| Tools/webchecker. A simplified version of this program is dissected |
| in my article in O'Reilly's WWW Journal, the issue on Scripting |
| Languages (Vol 2, No 2); Scripting the Web with Python (pp 97-120). |
| Includes a parser for robots.txt files by Skip Montanaro. |
| |
| - New small tools: cvsfiles.py (prints a list of all files under CVS |
| in a particular directory tree), treesync.py (a rather Guido-specific |
| script to synchronize two source trees, one on Windows NT, the other |
| one on Unix under CVS but accessible from the NT box), and logmerge.py |
| (sort a collection of RCS or CVS logs by date). In Tools/scripts. |
| |
| - The freeze script now also works under Windows (NT). Another |
| feature allows the -p option to be pointed at the Python source tree |
| instead of the installation prefix. This was loosely based on part of |
| xfreeze by Sam Rushing and Bill Tutt. |
| |
| - New examples (Demo/extend) that show how to use the generic |
| extension makefile (Misc/Makefile.pre.in). |
| |
| - Tools/scripts/h2py.py now supports C++ comments. |
| |
| - Tools/scripts/pystone.py script is upgraded to version 1.1; there |
| was a bug in version 1.0 (distributed with Python 1.4) that leaked |
| memory. Also, in 1.1, the LOOPS variable is incremented to 10000. |
| |
| - Demo/classes/Rat.py completely rewritten by Sjoerd Mullender. |
| |
| |
| Windows (NT and 95) |
| ------------------- |
| |
| - New project files for Developer Studio (Visual C++) 5.0 for Windows |
| NT (the old VC++ 4.2 Makefile is also still supported, but will |
| eventually be withdrawn due to its bulkiness). |
| |
| - See the note on the new module search path in the "Miscellaneous" section |
| above. |
| |
| - Support for Win32s (the 32-bit Windows API under Windows 3.1) is |
| basically withdrawn. If it still works for you, you're lucky. |
| |
| - There's a new extension module, msvcrt.c, which provides various |
| low-level operations defined in the Microsoft Visual C++ Runtime Library. |
| These include locking(), setmode(), get_osfhandle(), set_osfhandle(), and |
| console I/O functions like kbhit(), getch() and putch(). |
| |
| - The -u option not only sets the standard I/O streams to unbuffered |
| status, but also sets them in binary mode. |
| |
| - The, sys.prefix and sys.exec_prefix variables point to the directory |
| where Python is installed, or to the top of the source tree, if it was run |
| from there. |
| |
| - The ntpath module (normally used as os.path) supports ~ to $HOME |
| expansion in expanduser(). |
| |
| - The freeze tool now works on Windows. |
| |
| - See also the Tkinter category for a sad note on |
| _tkinter.createfilehandler(). |
| |
| - The truncate() method for file objects now works on Windows. |
| |
| - Py_Initialize() is no longer called when the DLL is loaded. You |
| must call it yourself. (And you can't call it twice -- it's a fatal |
| error to call it when Python is already initialized.) |
| |
| |
| Mac |
| --- |
| |
| - As always, the Macintosh port will be done by Jack Jansen. He will |
| make a separate announcement for the Mac specific source code and the |
| binary distribution(s) when these are ready. |
| |
| |
| Fixed after 1.5a3 was released |
| ------------------------------ |
| |
| The following changes have been made to the source base after the |
| release of 1.5a3. These need to be merged into their respective |
| categories for the next release. |
| |
| - faqwiz.py: version 0.8; Recognize https:// as URL; <html>...</html> |
| feature; better install instructions; removed faqmain.py (which was an |
| older version). |
| |
| - nntplib.py: Fixed some bugs reported by Lars Wirzenius (to Debian) |
| about the treatment of lines starting with '.'. Added a minimal test |
| function. |
| |
| - struct module: ignore most whitespace in format strings. |
| |
| - urllib.py: close the socket and temp file in URLopener.retrieve() so |
| that multiple retrievals using the same connection work. |
| |
| - Three new C API functions: |
| |
| - int PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(obj1, obj2) |
| |
| Returns 1 if obj1 and obj2 are the same object, or if obj1 is an |
| instance of type obj2, or of a class derived from obj2 |
| |
| - int PyErr_ExceptionMatches(obj) |
| |
| Higher level wrapper around PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches() which uses |
| PyErr_Occurred() as obj1. This will be the more commonly called |
| function. |
| |
| - void PyErr_NormalizeException(typeptr, valptr, tbptr) |
| |
| Normalizes exceptions, and places the normalized values in the |
| arguments. If type is not a class, this does nothing. If type is a |
| class, then it makes sure that value is an instance of the class by: |
| |
| 1. if instance is of the type, or a class derived from type, it does |
| nothing. |
| |
| 2. otherwise it instantiates the class, using the value as an |
| argument. If value is None, it uses an empty arg tuple, and if |
| the value is a tuple, it uses just that. |
| |
| - Demo/metaclasses: new demo subdir explains metaclasses (read |
| index.html in a browser). |
| |
| - core interpreter: remove the distinction between tuple and list |
| unpacking; allow an arbitrary sequence on the right hand side of any |
| unpack instruction. (UNPACK_LIST and UNPACK_TUPLE now do the same |
| thing, which should really be called UNPACK_SEQUENCE.) |
| |
| - classes: Allow assignments to an instance's __dict__ or __class__, |
| so you can change ivars (including shared ivars -- shock horror) and |
| change classes dynamically. Also make the check on read-only |
| attributes of classes less draconic -- only the specials names |
| __dict__, __bases__, __name__ and __{get,set,del}attr__ can't be |
| assigned. |
| |
| - Two new built-in functions: issubclass() and isinstance(). Both |
| take classes as their second arguments. The former takes a class as |
| the first argument and returns true iff first is second, or is a |
| subclass of second. The latter takes any object as the first argument |
| and returns true iff first is an instance of the second, or any |
| subclass of second. |
| |
| - configure: Added configuration tests for presence of alarm(), |
| pause(), and getpwent(). |
| |
| - Doc/Makefile: changed latex2html targets. |
| |
| - classes: Reverse the search order for the Don Beaudry hook so that |
| the first class with an applicable hook wins. Makes more sense. |
| |
| - Changed the checks made in Py_Initialize() and Py_Finalize(). It is |
| now legal to call these more than once. The first call to |
| Py_Initialize() initializes, the first call to Py_Finalize() |
| finalizes. There's also a new API, Py_IsInitalized() which checks |
| whether we are already initialized (in case you want to leave things |
| as they were). |
| |
| - Completely disable the declarations for malloc(), realloc() and |
| free(). Any 90's C compiler has these in header files, and the tests |
| to decide whether to suppress the declarations kept failing on some |
| platforms. |
| |
| - *Before* (instead of after) signalmodule.o is added, remove both |
| intrcheck.o and sigcheck.o. This should get rid of warnings in ar or |
| ld on various systems. |
| |
| - Added reop to PC/config.c |
| |
| - configure: Decided to use -Aa -D_HPUX_SOURCE on HP-UX platforms. |
| Removed outdated HP-UX comments from README. Added Cray T3E comments. |
| |
| - Various renames of statically defined functions that had name |
| conflicts on some systems, e.g. strndup (GNU libc), join (Cray), |
| roundup (sys/types.h). |
| |
| - urllib.py: Interpret three slashes in file: URL as local file (for |
| Netscape on Windows/Mac). |
| |
| - copy.py: Make sure the objects returned by __getinitargs__() are |
| kept alive (in the memo) to avoid a certain kind of nasty crash. (Not |
| easily reproducable because it requires a later call to |
| __getinitargs__() to return a tuple that happens to be allocated at |
| the same address.) |
| |
| - Added definition of AR to toplevel Makefile. Renamed @buildno temp |
| file to buildno1. |
| |
| - Moved Include/assert.h to Parser/assert.h, which seems to be the |
| only place where it's needed. |
| |
| - Alas, the thread support for _tkinter didn't work. Withdrew it. |
| |
| - Tweaked the dictionary lookup code again for some more speed |
| (Vladimir Marangozov). |
| |
| - NT build: Changed the way python15.lib is included in the other |
| projects. Per Mark Hammond's suggestion, add it to the extra libs in |
| Settings instead of to the project's source files. |
| |
| - regrtest.py: Change default verbosity so that there are only three |
| levels left: -q, default and -v. In default mode, the name of each |
| test is now printed. -v is the same as the old -vv. -q is more quiet |
| than the old default mode. |
| |
| - Removed the old FAQ from the distribution. You now have to get it |
| from the web! |
| |
| - Removed the PC/make_nt.in file from the distribution; it is no |
| longer needed. |
| |
| - Changed the build sequence so that shared modules are built last. |
| This fixes things for AIX and doesn't hurt elsewhere. |
| |
| - Improved test for GNU MP v1 in mpzmodule.c |
| |
| - fileobject.c: ftell() on Linux discards all buffered data; changed |
| read() code to use lseek() instead to get the same effect |
| |
| - configure.in, configure, importdl.c: NeXT sharedlib fixes |
| |
| - tupleobject.c: PyTuple_SetItem asserts refcnt==1 |
| |
| - resource.c: Different strategy regarding whether to declare |
| getrusage() and getpagesize() -- #ifdef doesn't work, Linux has |
| conflicting decls in its headers. Choice: only declare the return |
| type, not the argument prototype, and not on Linux. |
| |
| - importdl.c, configure*: set sharedlib extensions properly for NeXT |
| |
| - configure*, Makefile.in, Modules/Makefile.pre.in: AIX shared libraries |
| fixed; moved addition of PURIFY to LINKCC to configure |
| |
| - reopmodule.c, regexmodule.c, regexpr.c, zlibmodule.c: needed casts |
| added to shup up various compilers. |
| |
| - _tkinter.c: removed buggy mac #ifndef |
| |
| - Doc: various Mac documentation changes, added docs for 'ic' module |
| |
| - PC/make_nt.in: deleted |
| |
| - test_time.py, test_strftime.py: tweaks to catch %Z (which may return |
| "") |
| |
| - test_rotor.py: print b -> print `b` |
| |
| - Tkinter.py: (tagOrId) -> (tagOrId,) |