Issue #13415: os.unsetenv() doesn't ignore errors anymore.
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_os.py b/Lib/test/test_os.py
index 6435b61..4e4956e 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_os.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_os.py
@@ -361,6 +361,15 @@
                 value = popen.read().strip()
                 self.assertEqual(value, "World")
 
+    def test_unset_error(self):
+        if sys.platform == "win32":
+            # an environment variable is limited to 32,767 characters
+            key = 'x' * 50000
+        else:
+            # "=" is not allowed in a variable name
+            key = 'key='
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, os.environ.__delitem__, key)
+
 class WalkTests(unittest.TestCase):
     """Tests for os.walk()."""
 
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS b/Misc/NEWS
index 0f4e04b..1a92e2a 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS
+++ b/Misc/NEWS
@@ -79,6 +79,8 @@
 Library
 -------
 
+- Issue #13415: os.unsetenv() doesn't ignore errors anymore.
+
 - Issue #13322: Fix BufferedWriter.write() to ensure that BlockingIOError is
   raised when the wrapped raw file is non-blocking and the write would block.
   Previous code assumed that the raw write() would raise BlockingIOError, but
diff --git a/Modules/posixmodule.c b/Modules/posixmodule.c
index 1040ec5..6555f1f 100644
--- a/Modules/posixmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/posixmodule.c
@@ -6994,6 +6994,14 @@
 
     /* XXX This can leak memory -- not easy to fix :-( */
     len = strlen(s1) + strlen(s2) + 2;
+#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
+    if (_MAX_ENV < (len - 1)) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                     "the environment variable is longer than %u bytes",
+                     _MAX_ENV);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+#endif
     /* len includes space for a trailing \0; the size arg to
        PyString_FromStringAndSize does not count that */
     newstr = PyString_FromStringAndSize(NULL, (int)len - 1);
@@ -7036,11 +7044,14 @@
 posix_unsetenv(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
 {
     char *s1;
+    int err;
 
     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s:unsetenv", &s1))
         return NULL;
 
-    unsetenv(s1);
+    err = unsetenv(s1);
+    if (err)
+        return posix_error();
 
     /* Remove the key from posix_putenv_garbage;
      * this will cause it to be collected.  This has to