diff --git a/Lib/bsddb/dbobj.py b/Lib/bsddb/dbobj.py
index f6b1d7f..1e42397 100644
--- a/Lib/bsddb/dbobj.py
+++ b/Lib/bsddb/dbobj.py
@@ -42,91 +42,91 @@
 
 class DBEnv:
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        self._cobj = apply(db.DBEnv, args, kwargs)
+        self._cobj = db.DBEnv(*args, **kwargs)
 
     def close(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.close, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.close(*args, **kwargs)
     def open(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.open, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.open(*args, **kwargs)
     def remove(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.remove, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.remove(*args, **kwargs)
     def set_shm_key(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.set_shm_key, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.set_shm_key(*args, **kwargs)
     def set_cachesize(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.set_cachesize, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.set_cachesize(*args, **kwargs)
     def set_data_dir(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.set_data_dir, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.set_data_dir(*args, **kwargs)
     def set_flags(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.set_flags, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.set_flags(*args, **kwargs)
     def set_lg_bsize(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.set_lg_bsize, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.set_lg_bsize(*args, **kwargs)
     def set_lg_dir(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.set_lg_dir, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.set_lg_dir(*args, **kwargs)
     def set_lg_max(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.set_lg_max, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.set_lg_max(*args, **kwargs)
     def set_lk_detect(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.set_lk_detect, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.set_lk_detect(*args, **kwargs)
     if db.version() < (4,5):
         def set_lk_max(self, *args, **kwargs):
-            return apply(self._cobj.set_lk_max, args, kwargs)
+            return self._cobj.set_lk_max(*args, **kwargs)
     def set_lk_max_locks(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.set_lk_max_locks, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.set_lk_max_locks(*args, **kwargs)
     def set_lk_max_lockers(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.set_lk_max_lockers, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.set_lk_max_lockers(*args, **kwargs)
     def set_lk_max_objects(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.set_lk_max_objects, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.set_lk_max_objects(*args, **kwargs)
     def set_mp_mmapsize(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.set_mp_mmapsize, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.set_mp_mmapsize(*args, **kwargs)
     def set_timeout(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.set_timeout, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.set_timeout(*args, **kwargs)
     def set_tmp_dir(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.set_tmp_dir, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.set_tmp_dir(*args, **kwargs)
     def txn_begin(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.txn_begin, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.txn_begin(*args, **kwargs)
     def txn_checkpoint(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.txn_checkpoint, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.txn_checkpoint(*args, **kwargs)
     def txn_stat(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.txn_stat, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.txn_stat(*args, **kwargs)
     def set_tx_max(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.set_tx_max, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.set_tx_max(*args, **kwargs)
     def set_tx_timestamp(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.set_tx_timestamp, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.set_tx_timestamp(*args, **kwargs)
     def lock_detect(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.lock_detect, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.lock_detect(*args, **kwargs)
     def lock_get(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.lock_get, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.lock_get(*args, **kwargs)
     def lock_id(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.lock_id, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.lock_id(*args, **kwargs)
     def lock_put(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.lock_put, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.lock_put(*args, **kwargs)
     def lock_stat(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.lock_stat, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.lock_stat(*args, **kwargs)
     def log_archive(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.log_archive, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.log_archive(*args, **kwargs)
 
     def set_get_returns_none(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.set_get_returns_none, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.set_get_returns_none(*args, **kwargs)
 
     def log_stat(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.log_stat, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.log_stat(*args, **kwargs)
 
     if db.version() >= (4,1):
         def dbremove(self, *args, **kwargs):
-            return apply(self._cobj.dbremove, args, kwargs)
+            return self._cobj.dbremove(*args, **kwargs)
         def dbrename(self, *args, **kwargs):
-            return apply(self._cobj.dbrename, args, kwargs)
+            return self._cobj.dbrename(*args, **kwargs)
         def set_encrypt(self, *args, **kwargs):
-            return apply(self._cobj.set_encrypt, args, kwargs)
+            return self._cobj.set_encrypt(*args, **kwargs)
 
     if db.version() >= (4,4):
         def lsn_reset(self, *args, **kwargs):
-            return apply(self._cobj.lsn_reset, args, kwargs)
+            return self._cobj.lsn_reset(*args, **kwargs)
 
 
 class DB(MutableMapping):
     def __init__(self, dbenv, *args, **kwargs):
         # give it the proper DBEnv C object that its expecting
-        self._cobj = apply(db.DB, (dbenv._cobj,) + args, kwargs)
+        self._cobj = db.DB(*((dbenv._cobj,) + args), **kwargs)
 
     # TODO are there other dict methods that need to be overridden?
     def __len__(self):
@@ -143,126 +143,126 @@
             return self._cobj.__iter__()
 
     def append(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.append, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.append(*args, **kwargs)
     def associate(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.associate, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.associate(*args, **kwargs)
     def close(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.close, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.close(*args, **kwargs)
     def consume(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.consume, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.consume(*args, **kwargs)
     def consume_wait(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.consume_wait, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.consume_wait(*args, **kwargs)
     def cursor(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.cursor, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.cursor(*args, **kwargs)
     def delete(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.delete, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.delete(*args, **kwargs)
     def fd(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.fd, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.fd(*args, **kwargs)
     def get(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.get, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.get(*args, **kwargs)
     def pget(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.pget, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.pget(*args, **kwargs)
     def get_both(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.get_both, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.get_both(*args, **kwargs)
     def get_byteswapped(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.get_byteswapped, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.get_byteswapped(*args, **kwargs)
     def get_size(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.get_size, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.get_size(*args, **kwargs)
     def get_type(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.get_type, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.get_type(*args, **kwargs)
     def join(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.join, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.join(*args, **kwargs)
     def key_range(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.key_range, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.key_range(*args, **kwargs)
     def has_key(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.has_key, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.has_key(*args, **kwargs)
     def items(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.items, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.items(*args, **kwargs)
     def keys(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.keys, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.keys(*args, **kwargs)
     def open(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.open, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.open(*args, **kwargs)
     def put(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.put, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.put(*args, **kwargs)
     def remove(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.remove, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.remove(*args, **kwargs)
     def rename(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.rename, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.rename(*args, **kwargs)
     def set_bt_minkey(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.set_bt_minkey, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.set_bt_minkey(*args, **kwargs)
     def set_bt_compare(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.set_bt_compare, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.set_bt_compare(*args, **kwargs)
     def set_cachesize(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.set_cachesize, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.set_cachesize(*args, **kwargs)
     def set_flags(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.set_flags, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.set_flags(*args, **kwargs)
     def set_h_ffactor(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.set_h_ffactor, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.set_h_ffactor(*args, **kwargs)
     def set_h_nelem(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.set_h_nelem, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.set_h_nelem(*args, **kwargs)
     def set_lorder(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.set_lorder, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.set_lorder(*args, **kwargs)
     def set_pagesize(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.set_pagesize, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.set_pagesize(*args, **kwargs)
     def set_re_delim(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.set_re_delim, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.set_re_delim(*args, **kwargs)
     def set_re_len(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.set_re_len, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.set_re_len(*args, **kwargs)
     def set_re_pad(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.set_re_pad, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.set_re_pad(*args, **kwargs)
     def set_re_source(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.set_re_source, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.set_re_source(*args, **kwargs)
     def set_q_extentsize(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.set_q_extentsize, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.set_q_extentsize(*args, **kwargs)
     def stat(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.stat, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.stat(*args, **kwargs)
     def sync(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.sync, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.sync(*args, **kwargs)
     def type(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.type, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.type(*args, **kwargs)
     def upgrade(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.upgrade, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.upgrade(*args, **kwargs)
     def values(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.values, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.values(*args, **kwargs)
     def verify(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.verify, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.verify(*args, **kwargs)
     def set_get_returns_none(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.set_get_returns_none, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.set_get_returns_none(*args, **kwargs)
 
     if db.version() >= (4,1):
         def set_encrypt(self, *args, **kwargs):
-            return apply(self._cobj.set_encrypt, args, kwargs)
+            return self._cobj.set_encrypt(*args, **kwargs)
 
 
 class DBSequence:
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        self._cobj = apply(db.DBSequence, args, kwargs)
+        self._cobj = db.DBSequence(*args, **kwargs)
 
     def close(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.close, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.close(*args, **kwargs)
     def get(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.get, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.get(*args, **kwargs)
     def get_dbp(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.get_dbp, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.get_dbp(*args, **kwargs)
     def get_key(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.get_key, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.get_key(*args, **kwargs)
     def init_value(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.init_value, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.init_value(*args, **kwargs)
     def open(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.open, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.open(*args, **kwargs)
     def remove(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.remove, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.remove(*args, **kwargs)
     def stat(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.stat, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.stat(*args, **kwargs)
     def set_cachesize(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.set_cachesize, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.set_cachesize(*args, **kwargs)
     def set_flags(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.set_flags, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.set_flags(*args, **kwargs)
     def set_range(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.set_range, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.set_range(*args, **kwargs)
     def get_cachesize(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.get_cachesize, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.get_cachesize(*args, **kwargs)
     def get_flags(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.get_flags, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.get_flags(*args, **kwargs)
     def get_range(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return apply(self._cobj.get_range, args, kwargs)
+        return self._cobj.get_range(*args, **kwargs)
diff --git a/Lib/bsddb/dbshelve.py b/Lib/bsddb/dbshelve.py
index e291259..fb0b762 100644
--- a/Lib/bsddb/dbshelve.py
+++ b/Lib/bsddb/dbshelve.py
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@
         # given nothing is passed to the extension module.  That way
         # an exception can be raised if set_get_returns_none is turned
         # off.
-        data = apply(self.db.get, args, kw)
+        data = self.db.get(*args, **kw)
         try:
             return cPickle.loads(data)
         except (EOFError, TypeError, cPickle.UnpicklingError):
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@
     def get(self, *args):
         count = len(args)  # a method overloading hack
         method = getattr(self, 'get_%d' % count)
-        apply(method, args)
+        method(*args)
 
     def get_1(self, flags):
         rec = self.dbc.get(flags)
diff --git a/Lib/bsddb/dbtables.py b/Lib/bsddb/dbtables.py
index 21cfe58..2b0a2bf 100644
--- a/Lib/bsddb/dbtables.py
+++ b/Lib/bsddb/dbtables.py
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@
                 # column names
                 newcolumnlist = copy.copy(oldcolumnlist)
                 for c in columns:
-                    if not oldcolumnhash.has_key(c):
+                    if not c in oldcolumnhash:
                         newcolumnlist.append(c)
 
                 # store the table's new extended column list
@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@
                 raise TableDBError, "unknown table"
 
             # check the validity of each column name
-            if not self.__tablecolumns.has_key(table):
+            if not table in self.__tablecolumns:
                 self.__load_column_info(table)
             for column in rowdict.keys() :
                 if not self.__tablecolumns[table].count(column):
@@ -540,7 +540,7 @@
                              # error
                             dataitem = None
                         dataitem = mappings[column](dataitem)
-                        if dataitem <> None:
+                        if dataitem != None:
                             self.db.put(
                                 _data_key(table, column, rowid),
                                 dataitem, txn=txn)
@@ -615,7 +615,7 @@
           argument and returning a boolean.
         """
         try:
-            if not self.__tablecolumns.has_key(table):
+            if not table in self.__tablecolumns:
                 self.__load_column_info(table)
             if columns is None:
                 columns = self.__tablecolumns[table]
@@ -639,7 +639,7 @@
         argument and returning a boolean.
         """
         # check the validity of each column name
-        if not self.__tablecolumns.has_key(table):
+        if not table in self.__tablecolumns:
             self.__load_column_info(table)
         if columns is None:
             columns = self.tablecolumns[table]
@@ -709,28 +709,24 @@
                     # extract the rowid from the key
                     rowid = key[-_rowid_str_len:]
 
-                    if not rejected_rowids.has_key(rowid):
+                    if not rowid in rejected_rowids:
                         # if no condition was specified or the condition
                         # succeeds, add row to our match list.
                         if not condition or condition(data):
-                            if not matching_rowids.has_key(rowid):
+                            if not rowid in matching_rowids:
                                 matching_rowids[rowid] = {}
                             if savethiscolumndata:
                                 matching_rowids[rowid][column] = data
                         else:
-                            if matching_rowids.has_key(rowid):
+                            if rowid in matching_rowids:
                                 del matching_rowids[rowid]
                             rejected_rowids[rowid] = rowid
 
                     key, data = cur.next()
 
             except db.DBError, dberror:
-                if sys.version_info[0] < 3 :
-                    if dberror[0] != db.DB_NOTFOUND:
-                        raise
-                else :
-                    if dberror.args[0] != db.DB_NOTFOUND:
-                        raise
+                if dberror.args[0] != db.DB_NOTFOUND:
+                    raise
                 continue
 
         cur.close()
@@ -743,7 +739,7 @@
         if len(columns) > 0:
             for rowid, rowdata in matching_rowids.items():
                 for column in columns:
-                    if rowdata.has_key(column):
+                    if column in rowdata:
                         continue
                     try:
                         rowdata[column] = self.db.get(
@@ -815,13 +811,10 @@
             txn.commit()
             txn = None
 
-            if self.__tablecolumns.has_key(table):
+            if table in self.__tablecolumns:
                 del self.__tablecolumns[table]
 
         except db.DBError, dberror:
             if txn:
                 txn.abort()
-            if sys.version_info[0] < 3 :
-                raise TableDBError, dberror[1]
-            else :
-                raise TableDBError, dberror.args[1]
+            raise TableDBError(dberror.args[1])
diff --git a/Lib/bsddb/dbutils.py b/Lib/bsddb/dbutils.py
index 8d2e7ef..02a686f 100644
--- a/Lib/bsddb/dbutils.py
+++ b/Lib/bsddb/dbutils.py
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
     """
     sleeptime = _deadlock_MinSleepTime
     max_retries = _kwargs.get('max_retries', -1)
-    if _kwargs.has_key('max_retries'):
+    if 'max_retries' in _kwargs:
         del _kwargs['max_retries']
     while True:
         try: