Merged revisions 68133-68134,68141-68142,68145-68146,68148-68149,68159-68162,68166,68171-68174,68179,68195-68196,68210,68214-68215,68217-68222 via svnmerge from
svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk
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r68133 | antoine.pitrou | 2009-01-01 16:38:03 +0100 (Thu, 01 Jan 2009) | 1 line
fill in actual issue number in tests
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r68134 | hirokazu.yamamoto | 2009-01-01 16:45:39 +0100 (Thu, 01 Jan 2009) | 2 lines
Issue #4797: IOError.filename was not set when _fileio.FileIO failed to open
file with `str' filename on Windows.
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r68141 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-01-01 17:43:12 +0100 (Thu, 01 Jan 2009) | 1 line
fix highlighting
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r68142 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-01-01 18:29:49 +0100 (Thu, 01 Jan 2009) | 2 lines
welcome to 2009, Python!
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r68145 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2009-01-02 01:03:54 +0100 (Fri, 02 Jan 2009) | 5 lines
#4801 _collections module fails to build on cygwin.
_PyObject_GC_TRACK is the macro version of PyObject_GC_Track,
and according to documentation it should not be used for extension modules.
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r68146 | ronald.oussoren | 2009-01-02 11:44:46 +0100 (Fri, 02 Jan 2009) | 2 lines
Fix for issue4472: "configure --enable-shared doesn't work on OSX"
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r68148 | ronald.oussoren | 2009-01-02 11:48:31 +0100 (Fri, 02 Jan 2009) | 2 lines
Forgot to add a NEWS item in my previous checkin
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r68149 | ronald.oussoren | 2009-01-02 11:50:48 +0100 (Fri, 02 Jan 2009) | 2 lines
Fix for issue4780
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r68159 | ronald.oussoren | 2009-01-02 15:48:17 +0100 (Fri, 02 Jan 2009) | 2 lines
Fix for issue 1627952
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r68160 | ronald.oussoren | 2009-01-02 15:52:09 +0100 (Fri, 02 Jan 2009) | 2 lines
Fix for issue r1737832
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r68161 | ronald.oussoren | 2009-01-02 16:00:05 +0100 (Fri, 02 Jan 2009) | 3 lines
Fix for issue 1149804
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r68162 | ronald.oussoren | 2009-01-02 16:06:00 +0100 (Fri, 02 Jan 2009) | 3 lines
Fix for issue 4472 is incompatible with Cygwin, this patch
should fix that.
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r68166 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-01-02 19:26:23 +0100 (Fri, 02 Jan 2009) | 1 line
document PyMemberDef
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r68171 | georg.brandl | 2009-01-02 21:25:14 +0100 (Fri, 02 Jan 2009) | 3 lines
#4811: fix markup glitches (mostly remains of the conversion),
found by Gabriel Genellina.
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r68172 | martin.v.loewis | 2009-01-02 21:32:55 +0100 (Fri, 02 Jan 2009) | 2 lines
Issue #4075: Use OutputDebugStringW in Py_FatalError.
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r68173 | martin.v.loewis | 2009-01-02 21:40:14 +0100 (Fri, 02 Jan 2009) | 2 lines
Issue #4051: Prevent conflict of UNICODE macros in cPickle.
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r68174 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-01-02 21:47:27 +0100 (Fri, 02 Jan 2009) | 1 line
fix compilation on non-Windows platforms
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r68179 | raymond.hettinger | 2009-01-02 22:26:45 +0100 (Fri, 02 Jan 2009) | 1 line
Issue #4615. Document how to use itertools for de-duping.
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r68195 | georg.brandl | 2009-01-03 14:45:15 +0100 (Sat, 03 Jan 2009) | 2 lines
Remove useless string literal.
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r68196 | georg.brandl | 2009-01-03 15:29:53 +0100 (Sat, 03 Jan 2009) | 2 lines
Fix indentation.
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r68210 | georg.brandl | 2009-01-03 20:10:12 +0100 (Sat, 03 Jan 2009) | 2 lines
Set eol-style correctly for mp_distributing.py.
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r68214 | georg.brandl | 2009-01-03 20:44:48 +0100 (Sat, 03 Jan 2009) | 2 lines
Make indentation consistent.
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r68215 | georg.brandl | 2009-01-03 21:15:14 +0100 (Sat, 03 Jan 2009) | 2 lines
Fix role name.
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r68217 | georg.brandl | 2009-01-03 21:30:15 +0100 (Sat, 03 Jan 2009) | 2 lines
Add rstlint, a little tool to find subtle markup problems and inconsistencies in the Doc sources.
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r68218 | georg.brandl | 2009-01-03 21:38:59 +0100 (Sat, 03 Jan 2009) | 2 lines
Recognize usage of the default role.
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r68219 | georg.brandl | 2009-01-03 21:47:01 +0100 (Sat, 03 Jan 2009) | 2 lines
Fix uses of the default role.
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r68220 | georg.brandl | 2009-01-03 21:55:06 +0100 (Sat, 03 Jan 2009) | 2 lines
Remove trailing whitespace.
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r68221 | georg.brandl | 2009-01-03 22:04:55 +0100 (Sat, 03 Jan 2009) | 2 lines
Remove tabs from the documentation.
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r68222 | georg.brandl | 2009-01-03 22:11:58 +0100 (Sat, 03 Jan 2009) | 2 lines
Disable the line length checker by default.
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diff --git a/Doc/howto/curses.rst b/Doc/howto/curses.rst
index 1e1e2f7..2d964c3 100644
--- a/Doc/howto/curses.rst
+++ b/Doc/howto/curses.rst
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@
could code::
stdscr.addstr(0, 0, "Current mode: Typing mode",
- curses.A_REVERSE)
+ curses.A_REVERSE)
stdscr.refresh()
The curses library also supports color on those terminals that provide it, The
@@ -399,8 +399,8 @@
curses.echo() # Enable echoing of characters
- # Get a 15-character string, with the cursor on the top line
- s = stdscr.getstr(0,0, 15)
+ # Get a 15-character string, with the cursor on the top line
+ s = stdscr.getstr(0,0, 15)
The Python :mod:`curses.textpad` module supplies something better. With it, you
can turn a window into a text box that supports an Emacs-like set of
diff --git a/Doc/howto/doanddont.rst b/Doc/howto/doanddont.rst
index a3a91ed..a56fb8c 100644
--- a/Doc/howto/doanddont.rst
+++ b/Doc/howto/doanddont.rst
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
************************************
- Idioms and Anti-Idioms in Python
+ Idioms and Anti-Idioms in Python
************************************
:Author: Moshe Zadka
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@
# bar.py
from foo import a
if something():
- a = 2 # danger: foo.a != a
+ a = 2 # danger: foo.a != a
Good example::
@@ -303,6 +303,6 @@
This version is bulletproof::
- value = (foo.bar()['first'][0]*baz.quux(1, 2)[5:9]
+ value = (foo.bar()['first'][0]*baz.quux(1, 2)[5:9]
+ calculate_number(10, 20)*forbulate(500, 360))
diff --git a/Doc/howto/functional.rst b/Doc/howto/functional.rst
index b717f80..d589f36 100644
--- a/Doc/howto/functional.rst
+++ b/Doc/howto/functional.rst
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@
functions are also easier to read and to check for errors.
-Ease of debugging and testing
+Ease of debugging and testing
-----------------------------
Testing and debugging a functional-style program is easier.
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
StopIteration
- >>>
+ >>>
Python expects iterable objects in several different contexts, the most
important being the ``for`` statement. In the statement ``for X in Y``, Y must
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@
comprehensions are surrounded by square brackets ("[]"). Generator expressions
have the form::
- ( expression for expr in sequence1
+ ( expression for expr in sequence1
if condition1
for expr2 in sequence2
if condition2
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@
if not (conditionN):
continue # Skip this element
- # Output the value of
+ # Output the value of
# the expression.
This means that when there are multiple ``for...in`` clauses but no ``if``
@@ -418,8 +418,8 @@
>>> seq1 = 'abc'
>>> seq2 = (1,2,3)
>>> [(x,y) for x in seq1 for y in seq2]
- [('a', 1), ('a', 2), ('a', 3),
- ('b', 1), ('b', 2), ('b', 3),
+ [('a', 1), ('a', 2), ('a', 3),
+ ('b', 1), ('b', 2), ('b', 3),
('c', 1), ('c', 2), ('c', 3)]
To avoid introducing an ambiguity into Python's grammar, if ``expression`` is
@@ -585,7 +585,7 @@
9
>>> print it.next()
Traceback (most recent call last):
- File ``t.py'', line 15, in ?
+ File "t.py", line 15, in ?
print it.next()
StopIteration
@@ -759,7 +759,7 @@
True
>>> all([0,1,0])
False
- >>> all([0,0,0])
+ >>> all([0,0,0])
False
>>> all([1,1,1])
True
@@ -845,7 +845,7 @@
4) Convert the lambda to a def statement, using that name.
5) Remove the comment.
-I really like these rules, but you're free to disagree
+I really like these rules, but you're free to disagree
about whether this lambda-free style is better.
@@ -970,7 +970,7 @@
``itertools.starmap(func, iter)`` assumes that the iterable will return a stream
of tuples, and calls ``f()`` using these tuples as the arguments::
- itertools.starmap(os.path.join,
+ itertools.starmap(os.path.join,
[('/usr', 'bin', 'java'), ('/bin', 'python'),
('/usr', 'bin', 'perl'),('/usr', 'bin', 'ruby')])
=>
@@ -1039,9 +1039,9 @@
::
- city_list = [('Decatur', 'AL'), ('Huntsville', 'AL'), ('Selma', 'AL'),
+ city_list = [('Decatur', 'AL'), ('Huntsville', 'AL'), ('Selma', 'AL'),
('Anchorage', 'AK'), ('Nome', 'AK'),
- ('Flagstaff', 'AZ'), ('Phoenix', 'AZ'), ('Tucson', 'AZ'),
+ ('Flagstaff', 'AZ'), ('Phoenix', 'AZ'), ('Tucson', 'AZ'),
...
]
@@ -1056,7 +1056,7 @@
where
iterator-1 =>
('Decatur', 'AL'), ('Huntsville', 'AL'), ('Selma', 'AL')
- iterator-2 =>
+ iterator-2 =>
('Anchorage', 'AK'), ('Nome', 'AK')
iterator-3 =>
('Flagstaff', 'AZ'), ('Phoenix', 'AZ'), ('Tucson', 'AZ')
@@ -1150,7 +1150,7 @@
>>> double(add(5, 6))
22
-
+
The ``unpack`` keyword is provided to work around the fact that Python functions
are not always `fully curried <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currying>`__. By
default, it is expected that the ``inner`` function will return a single object
@@ -1159,15 +1159,15 @@
will be expanded before being passed to ``outer``. Put simply, ::
compose(f, g)(5, 6)
-
+
is equivalent to::
f(g(5, 6))
-
+
while ::
compose(f, g, unpack=True)(5, 6)
-
+
is equivalent to::
f(*g(5, 6))
@@ -1178,20 +1178,20 @@
``functional`` and ``functools``). ::
from functional import compose, partial
-
+
multi_compose = partial(reduce, compose)
-
-
+
+
We can also use ``map()``, ``compose()`` and ``partial()`` to craft a version of
``"".join(...)`` that converts its arguments to string::
from functional import compose, partial
-
+
join = compose("".join, partial(map, str))
``flip(func)``
-
+
``flip()`` wraps the callable in ``func`` and causes it to receive its
non-keyword arguments in reverse order. ::
@@ -1206,7 +1206,7 @@
(7, 6, 5)
``foldl(func, start, iterable)``
-
+
``foldl()`` takes a binary function, a starting value (usually some kind of
'zero'), and an iterable. The function is applied to the starting value and the
first element of the list, then the result of that and the second element of the
@@ -1220,7 +1220,7 @@
f(f(f(0, 1), 2), 3)
-
+
``foldl()`` is roughly equivalent to the following recursive function::
def foldl(func, start, seq):
@@ -1298,7 +1298,7 @@
Text Processing".
Mertz also wrote a 3-part series of articles on functional programming
-for IBM's DeveloperWorks site; see
+for IBM's DeveloperWorks site; see
`part 1 <http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/library/l-prog.html>`__,
`part 2 <http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/library/l-prog2.html>`__, and
`part 3 <http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-prog3.html>`__,
diff --git a/Doc/howto/regex.rst b/Doc/howto/regex.rst
index 2f085e5..051e7d7 100644
--- a/Doc/howto/regex.rst
+++ b/Doc/howto/regex.rst
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
.. _regex-howto:
****************************
- Regular Expression HOWTO
+ Regular Expression HOWTO
****************************
:Author: A.M. Kuchling
@@ -611,7 +611,7 @@
is to read? ::
charref = re.compile(r"""
- &[#] # Start of a numeric entity reference
+ &[#] # Start of a numeric entity reference
(
0[0-7]+ # Octal form
| [0-9]+ # Decimal form
@@ -732,7 +732,7 @@
>>> p = re.compile('\bclass\b')
>>> print p.search('no class at all')
None
- >>> print p.search('\b' + 'class' + '\b')
+ >>> print p.search('\b' + 'class' + '\b')
<re.MatchObject instance at 80c3ee0>
Second, inside a character class, where there's no use for this assertion,
@@ -917,7 +917,7 @@
InternalDate = re.compile(r'INTERNALDATE "'
r'(?P<day>[ 123][0-9])-(?P<mon>[A-Z][a-z][a-z])-'
- r'(?P<year>[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9])'
+ r'(?P<year>[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9])'
r' (?P<hour>[0-9][0-9]):(?P<min>[0-9][0-9]):(?P<sec>[0-9][0-9])'
r' (?P<zonen>[-+])(?P<zoneh>[0-9][0-9])(?P<zonem>[0-9][0-9])'
r'"')
@@ -1236,9 +1236,9 @@
only report a successful match which will start at 0; if the match wouldn't
start at zero, :func:`match` will *not* report it. ::
- >>> print re.match('super', 'superstition').span()
+ >>> print re.match('super', 'superstition').span()
(0, 5)
- >>> print re.match('super', 'insuperable')
+ >>> print re.match('super', 'insuperable')
None
On the other hand, :func:`search` will scan forward through the string,
diff --git a/Doc/howto/sockets.rst b/Doc/howto/sockets.rst
index 2747f81..3cba020 100644
--- a/Doc/howto/sockets.rst
+++ b/Doc/howto/sockets.rst
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
****************************
- Socket Programming HOWTO
+ Socket Programming HOWTO
****************************
:Author: Gordon McMillan
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
#create an INET, STREAMing socket
s = socket.socket(
socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
- #now connect to the web server on port 80
+ #now connect to the web server on port 80
# - the normal http port
s.connect(("www.mcmillan-inc.com", 80))
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
#create an INET, STREAMing socket
serversocket = socket.socket(
socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
- #bind the socket to a public host,
+ #bind the socket to a public host,
# and a well-known port
serversocket.bind((socket.gethostname(), 80))
#become a server socket
@@ -185,38 +185,38 @@
length message::
class mysocket:
- '''demonstration class only
+ '''demonstration class only
- coded for clarity, not efficiency
'''
def __init__(self, sock=None):
- if sock is None:
- self.sock = socket.socket(
- socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
- else:
- self.sock = sock
+ if sock is None:
+ self.sock = socket.socket(
+ socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+ else:
+ self.sock = sock
def connect(self, host, port):
- self.sock.connect((host, port))
+ self.sock.connect((host, port))
def mysend(self, msg):
- totalsent = 0
- while totalsent < MSGLEN:
- sent = self.sock.send(msg[totalsent:])
- if sent == 0:
- raise RuntimeError, \
- "socket connection broken"
- totalsent = totalsent + sent
+ totalsent = 0
+ while totalsent < MSGLEN:
+ sent = self.sock.send(msg[totalsent:])
+ if sent == 0:
+ raise RuntimeError, \
+ "socket connection broken"
+ totalsent = totalsent + sent
def myreceive(self):
- msg = ''
- while len(msg) < MSGLEN:
- chunk = self.sock.recv(MSGLEN-len(msg))
- if chunk == '':
- raise RuntimeError, \
- "socket connection broken"
- msg = msg + chunk
- return msg
+ msg = ''
+ while len(msg) < MSGLEN:
+ chunk = self.sock.recv(MSGLEN-len(msg))
+ if chunk == '':
+ raise RuntimeError, \
+ "socket connection broken"
+ msg = msg + chunk
+ return msg
The sending code here is usable for almost any messaging scheme - in Python you
send strings, and you can use ``len()`` to determine its length (even if it has
@@ -343,9 +343,9 @@
ready_to_read, ready_to_write, in_error = \
select.select(
- potential_readers,
- potential_writers,
- potential_errs,
+ potential_readers,
+ potential_writers,
+ potential_errs,
timeout)
You pass ``select`` three lists: the first contains all sockets that you might
diff --git a/Doc/howto/unicode.rst b/Doc/howto/unicode.rst
index d5dec63..c09a72d 100644
--- a/Doc/howto/unicode.rst
+++ b/Doc/howto/unicode.rst
@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@
looking at Apple ][ BASIC programs, published in French-language publications in
the mid-1980s, that had lines like these::
- PRINT "FICHIER EST COMPLETE."
- PRINT "CARACTERE NON ACCEPTE."
+ PRINT "FICHIER EST COMPLETE."
+ PRINT "CARACTERE NON ACCEPTE."
Those messages should contain accents, and they just look wrong to someone who
can read French.
@@ -89,11 +89,11 @@
character with value 0x12ca (4810 decimal). The Unicode standard contains a lot
of tables listing characters and their corresponding code points::
- 0061 'a'; LATIN SMALL LETTER A
- 0062 'b'; LATIN SMALL LETTER B
- 0063 'c'; LATIN SMALL LETTER C
- ...
- 007B '{'; LEFT CURLY BRACKET
+ 0061 'a'; LATIN SMALL LETTER A
+ 0062 'b'; LATIN SMALL LETTER B
+ 0063 'c'; LATIN SMALL LETTER C
+ ...
+ 007B '{'; LEFT CURLY BRACKET
Strictly, these definitions imply that it's meaningless to say 'this is
character U+12ca'. U+12ca is a code point, which represents some particular
@@ -122,8 +122,8 @@
representation, the string "Python" would look like this::
P y t h o n
- 0x50 00 00 00 79 00 00 00 74 00 00 00 68 00 00 00 6f 00 00 00 6e 00 00 00
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
+ 0x50 00 00 00 79 00 00 00 74 00 00 00 68 00 00 00 6f 00 00 00 6e 00 00 00
+ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
This representation is straightforward but using it presents a number of
problems.
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@
between 128 and 255.
3. Code points >0x7ff are turned into three- or four-byte sequences, where each
byte of the sequence is between 128 and 255.
-
+
UTF-8 has several convenient properties:
1. It can handle any Unicode code point.
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@
>>> unicode('abcdef' + chr(255))
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
- UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xff in position 6:
+ UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xff in position 6:
ordinal not in range(128)
The ``errors`` argument specifies the response when the input string can't be
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@
>>> unicode('\x80abc', errors='strict')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
- UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0x80 in position 0:
+ UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0x80 in position 0:
ordinal not in range(128)
>>> unicode('\x80abc', errors='replace')
u'\ufffdabc'
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@
>>> u2 = utf8_version.decode('utf-8') # Decode using UTF-8
>>> u == u2 # The two strings match
True
-
+
The low-level routines for registering and accessing the available encodings are
found in the :mod:`codecs` module. However, the encoding and decoding functions
returned by this module are usually more low-level than is comfortable, so I'm
@@ -362,8 +362,8 @@
The most commonly used part of the :mod:`codecs` module is the
:func:`codecs.open` function which will be discussed in the section on input and
output.
-
-
+
+
Unicode Literals in Python Source Code
--------------------------------------
@@ -381,10 +381,10 @@
>>> s = u"a\xac\u1234\u20ac\U00008000"
^^^^ two-digit hex escape
- ^^^^^^ four-digit Unicode escape
+ ^^^^^^ four-digit Unicode escape
^^^^^^^^^^ eight-digit Unicode escape
>>> for c in s: print ord(c),
- ...
+ ...
97 172 4660 8364 32768
Using escape sequences for code points greater than 127 is fine in small doses,
@@ -404,10 +404,10 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: latin-1 -*-
-
+
u = u'abcdé'
print ord(u[-1])
-
+
The syntax is inspired by Emacs's notation for specifying variables local to a
file. Emacs supports many different variables, but Python only supports
'coding'. The ``-*-`` symbols indicate to Emacs that the comment is special;
@@ -427,10 +427,10 @@
When you run it with Python 2.4, it will output the following warning::
amk:~$ python p263.py
- sys:1: DeprecationWarning: Non-ASCII character '\xe9'
- in file p263.py on line 2, but no encoding declared;
+ sys:1: DeprecationWarning: Non-ASCII character '\xe9'
+ in file p263.py on line 2, but no encoding declared;
see http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0263.html for details
-
+
Unicode Properties
------------------
@@ -446,13 +446,13 @@
prints the numeric value of one particular character::
import unicodedata
-
+
u = unichr(233) + unichr(0x0bf2) + unichr(3972) + unichr(6000) + unichr(13231)
-
+
for i, c in enumerate(u):
print i, '%04x' % ord(c), unicodedata.category(c),
print unicodedata.name(c)
-
+
# Get numeric value of second character
print unicodedata.numeric(u[1])
@@ -597,25 +597,25 @@
path will return the 8-bit versions of the filenames. For example, assuming the
default filesystem encoding is UTF-8, running the following program::
- fn = u'filename\u4500abc'
- f = open(fn, 'w')
- f.close()
+ fn = u'filename\u4500abc'
+ f = open(fn, 'w')
+ f.close()
- import os
- print os.listdir('.')
- print os.listdir(u'.')
+ import os
+ print os.listdir('.')
+ print os.listdir(u'.')
will produce the following output::
- amk:~$ python t.py
- ['.svn', 'filename\xe4\x94\x80abc', ...]
- [u'.svn', u'filename\u4500abc', ...]
+ amk:~$ python t.py
+ ['.svn', 'filename\xe4\x94\x80abc', ...]
+ [u'.svn', u'filename\u4500abc', ...]
The first list contains UTF-8-encoded filenames, and the second list contains
the Unicode versions.
-
+
Tips for Writing Unicode-aware Programs
---------------------------------------
@@ -661,7 +661,7 @@
unicode_name = filename.decode(encoding)
f = open(unicode_name, 'r')
# ... return contents of file ...
-
+
However, if an attacker could specify the ``'base64'`` encoding, they could pass
``'L2V0Yy9wYXNzd2Q='``, which is the base-64 encoded form of the string
``'/etc/passwd'``, to read a system file. The above code looks for ``'/'``
@@ -697,32 +697,32 @@
.. comment Describe obscure -U switch somewhere?
.. comment Describe use of codecs.StreamRecoder and StreamReaderWriter
-.. comment
+.. comment
Original outline:
- [ ] Unicode introduction
- [ ] ASCII
- [ ] Terms
- - [ ] Character
- - [ ] Code point
- - [ ] Encodings
- - [ ] Common encodings: ASCII, Latin-1, UTF-8
+ - [ ] Character
+ - [ ] Code point
+ - [ ] Encodings
+ - [ ] Common encodings: ASCII, Latin-1, UTF-8
- [ ] Unicode Python type
- - [ ] Writing unicode literals
- - [ ] Obscurity: -U switch
- - [ ] Built-ins
- - [ ] unichr()
- - [ ] ord()
- - [ ] unicode() constructor
- - [ ] Unicode type
- - [ ] encode(), decode() methods
+ - [ ] Writing unicode literals
+ - [ ] Obscurity: -U switch
+ - [ ] Built-ins
+ - [ ] unichr()
+ - [ ] ord()
+ - [ ] unicode() constructor
+ - [ ] Unicode type
+ - [ ] encode(), decode() methods
- [ ] Unicodedata module for character properties
- [ ] I/O
- - [ ] Reading/writing Unicode data into files
- - [ ] Byte-order marks
- - [ ] Unicode filenames
+ - [ ] Reading/writing Unicode data into files
+ - [ ] Byte-order marks
+ - [ ] Unicode filenames
- [ ] Writing Unicode programs
- - [ ] Do everything in Unicode
- - [ ] Declaring source code encodings (PEP 263)
+ - [ ] Do everything in Unicode
+ - [ ] Declaring source code encodings (PEP 263)
- [ ] Other issues
- - [ ] Building Python (UCS2, UCS4)
+ - [ ] Building Python (UCS2, UCS4)
diff --git a/Doc/howto/urllib2.rst b/Doc/howto/urllib2.rst
index 72f394a..96f2ce2 100644
--- a/Doc/howto/urllib2.rst
+++ b/Doc/howto/urllib2.rst
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
HOWTO, available at `urllib2 - Le Manuel manquant
<http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/articles/urllib2_francais.shtml>`_.
-
+
Introduction
============
@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@
You may also find useful the following article on fetching web resources
with Python :
-
+
* `Basic Authentication <http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/articles/authentication.shtml>`_
-
+
A tutorial on *Basic Authentication*, with examples in Python.
**urllib2** is a `Python <http://www.python.org>`_ module for fetching URLs
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
*not* from ``urllib2``. ::
import urllib
- import urllib2
+ import urllib2
url = 'http://www.someserver.com/cgi-bin/register.cgi'
values = {'name' : 'Michael Foord',
@@ -161,15 +161,15 @@
Explorer [#]_. ::
import urllib
- import urllib2
-
+ import urllib2
+
url = 'http://www.someserver.com/cgi-bin/register.cgi'
- user_agent = 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT)'
+ user_agent = 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT)'
values = {'name' : 'Michael Foord',
'location' : 'Northampton',
'language' : 'Python' }
headers = { 'User-Agent' : user_agent }
-
+
data = urllib.urlencode(values)
req = urllib2.Request(url, data, headers)
response = urllib2.urlopen(req)
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@
===================
*urlopen* raises :exc:`URLError` when it cannot handle a response (though as usual
-with Python APIs, builtin exceptions such as
+with Python APIs, builtin exceptions such as
:exc:`ValueError`, :exc:`TypeError` etc. may also
be raised).
@@ -309,18 +309,18 @@
geturl, and info, methods. ::
>>> req = urllib2.Request('http://www.python.org/fish.html')
- >>> try:
+ >>> try:
>>> urllib2.urlopen(req)
>>> except URLError, e:
>>> print e.code
>>> print e.read()
- >>>
+ >>>
404
- <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
+ <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
- <?xml-stylesheet href="./css/ht2html.css"
+ <?xml-stylesheet href="./css/ht2html.css"
type="text/css"?>
- <html><head><title>Error 404: File Not Found</title>
+ <html><head><title>Error 404: File Not Found</title>
...... etc...
Wrapping it Up
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@
print 'Error code: ', e.code
else:
# everything is fine
-
+
info and geturl
===============
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@
and a 'realm'. The header looks like : ``Www-authenticate: SCHEME
realm="REALM"``.
-e.g. ::
+e.g. ::
Www-authenticate: Basic realm="cPanel Users"
@@ -467,24 +467,24 @@
than the URL you pass to .add_password() will also match. ::
# create a password manager
- password_mgr = urllib2.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm()
+ password_mgr = urllib2.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm()
# Add the username and password.
- # If we knew the realm, we could use it instead of ``None``.
+ # If we knew the realm, we could use it instead of None.
top_level_url = "http://example.com/foo/"
password_mgr.add_password(None, top_level_url, username, password)
- handler = urllib2.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(password_mgr)
+ handler = urllib2.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(password_mgr)
# create "opener" (OpenerDirector instance)
- opener = urllib2.build_opener(handler)
+ opener = urllib2.build_opener(handler)
# use the opener to fetch a URL
- opener.open(a_url)
+ opener.open(a_url)
# Install the opener.
# Now all calls to urllib2.urlopen use our opener.
- urllib2.install_opener(opener)
+ urllib2.install_opener(opener)
.. note::
@@ -540,7 +540,7 @@
# timeout in seconds
timeout = 10
- socket.setdefaulttimeout(timeout)
+ socket.setdefaulttimeout(timeout)
# this call to urllib2.urlopen now uses the default timeout
# we have set in the socket module
@@ -557,7 +557,7 @@
This document was reviewed and revised by John Lee.
.. [#] For an introduction to the CGI protocol see
- `Writing Web Applications in Python <http://www.pyzine.com/Issue008/Section_Articles/article_CGIOne.html>`_.
+ `Writing Web Applications in Python <http://www.pyzine.com/Issue008/Section_Articles/article_CGIOne.html>`_.
.. [#] Like Google for example. The *proper* way to use google from a program
is to use `PyGoogle <http://pygoogle.sourceforge.net>`_ of course. See
`Voidspace Google <http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/recipebook.shtml#google>`_
@@ -574,6 +574,6 @@
is set to use the proxy, which urllib2 picks up on. In order to test
scripts with a localhost server, I have to prevent urllib2 from using
the proxy.
-.. [#] urllib2 opener for SSL proxy (CONNECT method): `ASPN Cookbook Recipe
+.. [#] urllib2 opener for SSL proxy (CONNECT method): `ASPN Cookbook Recipe
<http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/456195>`_.
-
+
diff --git a/Doc/howto/webservers.rst b/Doc/howto/webservers.rst
index 97c2267..6e0c815 100644
--- a/Doc/howto/webservers.rst
+++ b/Doc/howto/webservers.rst
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@
<http://wiki.python.org/moin/CgiScripts>`_ with some additional information
about CGI in Python.
-
+
Simple script for testing CGI
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@
You might be interested in some WSGI-supporting modules already contained in
the standard library, namely:
-
+
* :mod:`wsgiref` -- some tiny utilities and servers for WSGI
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@
time in looking through the most popular ones. Some frameworks have their
own template engine or have a recommentation for one. It's wise to use
these.
-
+
Popular template engines include:
* Mako
@@ -687,7 +687,7 @@
found in the Python wiki.
.. seealso::
-
+
The Python wiki contains an extensive list of `web frameworks
<http://wiki.python.org/moin/WebFrameworks>`_.