diff --git a/Demo/scripts/markov.py b/Demo/scripts/markov.py
index 7a4fc01..df4dec0 100755
--- a/Demo/scripts/markov.py
+++ b/Demo/scripts/markov.py
@@ -5,11 +5,10 @@
         self.histsize = histsize
         self.choice = choice
         self.trans = {}
+
     def add(self, state, next):
-        if not self.trans.has_key(state):
-            self.trans[state] = [next]
-        else:
-            self.trans[state].append(next)
+        self.trans.setdefault(state, []).append(next)
+
     def put(self, seq):
         n = self.histsize
         add = self.add
@@ -17,26 +16,29 @@
         for i in range(len(seq)):
             add(seq[max(0, i-n):i], seq[i:i+1])
         add(seq[len(seq)-n:], None)
+
     def get(self):
         choice = self.choice
         trans = self.trans
         n = self.histsize
         seq = choice(trans[None])
-        while 1:
+        while True:
             subseq = seq[max(0, len(seq)-n):]
             options = trans[subseq]
             next = choice(options)
-            if not next: break
-            seq = seq + next
+            if not next:
+                break
+            seq += next
         return seq
 
+
 def test():
-    import sys, string, random, getopt
+    import sys, random, getopt
     args = sys.argv[1:]
     try:
-        opts, args = getopt.getopt(args, '0123456789cdw')
+        opts, args = getopt.getopt(args, '0123456789cdwq')
     except getopt.error:
-        print 'Usage: markov [-#] [-cddqw] [file] ...'
+        print 'Usage: %s [-#] [-cddqw] [file] ...' % sys.argv[0]
         print 'Options:'
         print '-#: 1-digit history size (default 2)'
         print '-c: characters (default)'
@@ -49,16 +51,19 @@
         print 'exactly one space separating words.'
         print 'Output consists of paragraphs separated by blank'
         print 'lines, where lines are no longer than 72 characters.'
+        sys.exit(2)
     histsize = 2
-    do_words = 0
+    do_words = False
     debug = 1
     for o, a in opts:
-        if '-0' <= o <= '-9': histsize = eval(o[1:])
-        if o == '-c': do_words = 0
-        if o == '-d': debug = debug + 1
+        if '-0' <= o <= '-9': histsize = int(o[1:])
+        if o == '-c': do_words = False
+        if o == '-d': debug += 1
         if o == '-q': debug = 0
-        if o == '-w': do_words = 1
-    if not args: args = ['-']
+        if o == '-w': do_words = True
+    if not args:
+        args = ['-']
+
     m = Markov(histsize, random.choice)
     try:
         for filename in args:
@@ -72,13 +77,15 @@
             if debug: print 'processing', filename, '...'
             text = f.read()
             f.close()
-            paralist = string.splitfields(text, '\n\n')
+            paralist = text.split('\n\n')
             for para in paralist:
                 if debug > 1: print 'feeding ...'
-                words = string.split(para)
+                words = para.split()
                 if words:
-                    if do_words: data = tuple(words)
-                    else: data = string.joinfields(words, ' ')
+                    if do_words:
+                        data = tuple(words)
+                    else:
+                        data = ' '.join(words)
                     m.put(data)
     except KeyboardInterrupt:
         print 'Interrupted -- continue with data read so far'
@@ -86,16 +93,19 @@
         print 'No valid input files'
         return
     if debug: print 'done.'
+
     if debug > 1:
         for key in m.trans.keys():
             if key is None or len(key) < histsize:
                 print repr(key), m.trans[key]
         if histsize == 0: print repr(''), m.trans['']
         print
-    while 1:
+    while True:
         data = m.get()
-        if do_words: words = data
-        else: words = string.split(data)
+        if do_words:
+            words = data
+        else:
+            words = data.split()
         n = 0
         limit = 72
         for w in words:
@@ -103,15 +113,9 @@
                 print
                 n = 0
             print w,
-            n = n + len(w) + 1
+            n += len(w) + 1
         print
         print
 
-def tuple(list):
-    if len(list) == 0: return ()
-    if len(list) == 1: return (list[0],)
-    i = len(list)//2
-    return tuple(list[:i]) + tuple(list[i:])
-
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     test()
diff --git a/Demo/scripts/morse.py b/Demo/scripts/morse.py
index e939b2d..265fae9 100755
--- a/Demo/scripts/morse.py
+++ b/Demo/scripts/morse.py
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
     sinewave = ''
     for i in range(100):
         val = int(math.sin(math.pi * i * octave / 50.0) * 30000)
-        sinewave = sinewave + chr((val >> 8) & 255) + chr(val & 255)
+        sinewave += chr((val >> 8) & 255) + chr(val & 255)
     return sinewave
 
 defaultwave = mkwave(OCTAVE)