diff --git a/Doc/c-api/exceptions.rst b/Doc/c-api/exceptions.rst
index 24ca264..d26e120 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/exceptions.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/exceptions.rst
@@ -219,8 +219,9 @@
 
    Similar to :c:func:`PyErr_SetFromWindowsErr`, with the additional behavior that
    if *filename* is not *NULL*, it is passed to the constructor of
-   :exc:`WindowsError` as a third parameter.  *filename* is decoded from UTF-8.
-   Availability: Windows.
+   :exc:`WindowsError` as a third parameter.  *filename* is decoded from the
+   filesystem encoding (:func:`sys.getfilesystemencoding`).  Availability:
+   Windows.
 
 
 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilename(PyObject *type, int ierr, char *filename)
diff --git a/Include/pyerrors.h b/Include/pyerrors.h
index 05c5ea8..0f8bcf7 100644
--- a/Include/pyerrors.h
+++ b/Include/pyerrors.h
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@
     int, const char *);
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyErr_SetFromWindowsErrWithFilename(
     int ierr,
-    const char *filename        /* decoded from UTF-8 */
+    const char *filename,       /* decoded from the filesystem encoding */
     );
 #ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
 /* XXX redeclare to use WSTRING */
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilename(
     PyObject *exc,
     int ierr,
-    const char *filename        /* decoded from UTF-8 */
+    const char *filename,       /* decoded from the filesystem encoding */
     );
 #ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithUnicodeFilename(
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS b/Misc/NEWS
index 4fb23c3..7d2085a 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS
+++ b/Misc/NEWS
@@ -8,6 +8,10 @@
 Core and Builtins
 -----------------
 
+- Issue #10780: PyErr_SetFromWindowsErrWithFilename() and
+  PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilename() decode the filename from the
+  filesystem encoding instead of UTF-8.
+
 - Issue #10779: PyErr_WarnExplicit() decodes the filename from the filesystem
   encoding instead of UTF-8.
 
diff --git a/Python/errors.c b/Python/errors.c
index d5a6fae..5a9a624 100644
--- a/Python/errors.c
+++ b/Python/errors.c
@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@
     int ierr,
     const char *filename)
 {
-    PyObject *name = filename ? PyUnicode_FromString(filename) : NULL;
+    PyObject *name = filename ? PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault(filename) : NULL;
     PyObject *ret = PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilenameObject(exc,
                                                                  ierr,
                                                                  name);
@@ -552,7 +552,7 @@
     int ierr,
     const char *filename)
 {
-    PyObject *name = filename ? PyUnicode_FromString(filename) : NULL;
+    PyObject *name = filename ? PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault(filename) : NULL;
     PyObject *result = PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilenameObject(
                                                   PyExc_WindowsError,
                                                   ierr, name);