diff --git a/Doc/ref/ref2.tex b/Doc/ref/ref2.tex
index 3b6adc8..acced61 100644
--- a/Doc/ref/ref2.tex
+++ b/Doc/ref/ref2.tex
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\chapter{Lexical analysis}
+\chapter{Lexical analysis\label{lexical}}
 
 A Python program is read by a \emph{parser}.  Input to the parser is a
 stream of \emph{tokens}, generated by the \emph{lexical analyzer}.  This
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 A Python program is divided into a number of \emph{logical lines}.
 \index{line structure}
 
-\subsection{Logical Lines}
+\subsection{Logical lines}
 
 The end of
 a logical line is represented by the token NEWLINE.  Statements cannot
@@ -259,17 +259,11 @@
 Certain classes of identifiers (besides keywords) have special
 meanings.  These are:
 
-\begin{center}
-\begin{tabular}{|l|l|}
-\hline
-Form & Meaning \\
-\hline
-\code{_*} & Not imported by \code{from \var{module} import *} \\
-\code{__*__} & System-defined name \\
-\code{__*} & Class-private name mangling \\
-\hline
-\end{tabular}
-\end{center}
+\begin{tableii}{l|l}{code}{Form}{Meaning}
+\lineii{_*}{Not imported by \samp{from \var{module} import *}}
+\lineii{__*__}{System-defined name}
+\lineii{__*}{Class-private name mangling}
+\end{tableii}
 
 (XXX need section references here.)
 
@@ -322,27 +316,21 @@
 \index{Standard C}
 \index{C}
 
-\begin{center}
-\begin{tabular}{|l|l|}
-\hline
-Escape Sequence & Meaning \\
-\hline
-\code{\e}\emph{newline}	& Ignored \\
-\code{\e\e}	& Backslash (\code{\e}) \\
-\code{\e'}	& Single quote (\code{'}) \\
-\code{\e"}	& Double quote (\code{"}) \\
-\code{\e a}	& \ASCII{} Bell (BEL) \\
-\code{\e b}	& \ASCII{} Backspace (BS) \\
-\code{\e f}	& \ASCII{} Formfeed (FF) \\
-\code{\e n}	& \ASCII{} Linefeed (LF) \\
-\code{\e r}	& \ASCII{} Carriage Return (CR) \\
-\code{\e t}	& \ASCII{} Horizontal Tab (TAB) \\
-\code{\e v}	& \ASCII{} Vertical Tab (VT) \\
-\code{\e}\emph{ooo}	& \ASCII{} character with octal value \emph{ooo} \\
-\code{\e x}\emph{hh...}	& \ASCII{} character with hex value \emph{hh...} \\
-\hline
-\end{tabular}
-\end{center}
+\begin{tableii}{l|l}{code}{Escape Sequence}{Meaning}
+\lineii{\e\var{newline}} {Ignored}
+\lineii{\e\e}	{Backslash (\code{\e})}
+\lineii{\e'}	{Single quote (\code{'})}
+\lineii{\e"}	{Double quote (\code{"})}
+\lineii{\e a}	{\ASCII{} Bell (BEL)}
+\lineii{\e b}	{\ASCII{} Backspace (BS)}
+\lineii{\e f}	{\ASCII{} Formfeed (FF)}
+\lineii{\e n}	{\ASCII{} Linefeed (LF)}
+\lineii{\e r}	{\ASCII{} Carriage Return (CR)}
+\lineii{\e t}	{\ASCII{} Horizontal Tab (TAB)}
+\lineii{\e v}	{\ASCII{} Vertical Tab (VT)}
+\lineii{\e\var{ooo}} {\ASCII{} character with octal value \emph{ooo}}
+\lineii{\e x\var{hh...}} {\ASCII{} character with hex value \emph{hh...}}
+\end{tableii}
 \index{ASCII@\ASCII{}}
 
 In strict compatibility with Standard \C, up to three octal digits are
diff --git a/Doc/ref/ref4.tex b/Doc/ref/ref4.tex
index 4d5f8d0..aace01f 100644
--- a/Doc/ref/ref4.tex
+++ b/Doc/ref/ref4.tex
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\chapter{Execution model}
+\chapter{Execution model\label{execmodel}}
 \index{execution model}
 
 \section{Code blocks, execution frames, and namespaces} \label{execframes}
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 \indexii{execution}{frame}
 \index{namespace}
 
-A {\em code block} is a piece of Python program text that can be
+A \dfn{code block} is a piece of Python program text that can be
 executed as a unit, such as a module, a class definition or a function
 body.  Some code blocks (like modules) are normally executed only once, others
 (like function bodies) may be executed many times.  Code blocks may
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 read and evaluated by the built-in function \function{input()} is a
 code block.
 
-A code block is executed in an execution frame.  An {\em execution
+A code block is executed in an execution frame.  An \dfn{execution
 frame} contains some administrative information (used for debugging),
 determines where and how execution continues after the code block's
 execution has completed, and (perhaps most importantly) defines two
@@ -37,11 +37,11 @@
 execution of the code block.
 \indexii{execution}{frame}
 
-A {\em namespace} is a mapping from names (identifiers) to objects.
+A \dfn{namespace} is a mapping from names (identifiers) to objects.
 A particular namespace may be referenced by more than one execution
 frame, and from other places as well.  Adding a name to a namespace
-is called {\em binding} a name (to an object); changing the mapping of
-a name is called {\em rebinding}; removing a name is {\em unbinding}.
+is called \dfn{binding} a name (to an object); changing the mapping of
+a name is called \dfn{rebinding}; removing a name is \dfn{unbinding}.
 Namespaces are functionally equivalent to dictionaries (and often
 implemented as dictionaries).
 \index{namespace}
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@
 \indexii{rebinding}{name}
 \indexii{unbinding}{name}
 
-The {\em local namespace} of an execution frame determines the default
-place where names are defined and searched.  The {\em global
+The \dfn{local namespace} of an execution frame determines the default
+place where names are defined and searched.  The \dfn{global
 namespace} determines the place where names listed in \keyword{global}
 statements are defined and searched, and where names that are not
 bound anywhere in the current code block are searched.
@@ -105,36 +105,43 @@
 the global namespace is the namespace of the containing module ---
 scopes in Python do not nest!
 
-\begin{center}
-\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|}
-\hline
-Code block type & Global namespace & Local namespace & Notes \\
-\hline
-Module & n.s. for this module & same as global & \\
-Script (file or command) & n.s. for \module{__main__} & same as global
-	& (1) \\
-Interactive command & n.s. for \module{__main__} & same as global & \\
-Class definition & global n.s. of containing block & new n.s. & \\
-Function body & global n.s. of containing block & new n.s. & (2) \\
-String passed to \keyword{exec} statement
-	& global n.s. of containing block
-		& local n.s. of containing block & (2), (3) \\
-String passed to \function{eval()}
-	& global n.s. of caller & local n.s. of caller & (2), (3) \\
-File read by \function{execfile()}
-	& global n.s. of caller & local n.s. of caller & (2), (3) \\
-Expression read by \function{input()}
-	& global n.s. of caller & local n.s. of caller & \\
-\hline
-\end{tabular}
-\end{center}
+\begin{tableiv}{l|l|l|l}{textrm}%
+  {Code block type}{Global namespace}{Local namespace}{Notes}
+  \lineiv{Module}%
+         {n.s. for this module}%
+         {same as global}{}
+  \lineiv{Script (file or command)}%
+         {n.s. for \module{__main__}}%
+         {same as global}{(1)}
+  \lineiv{Interactive command}%
+         {n.s. for \module{__main__}}%
+         {same as global}{}
+  \lineiv{Class definition}%
+         {global n.s. of containing block}%
+         {new n.s.}{}
+  \lineiv{Function body}%
+         {global n.s. of containing block}%
+         {new n.s.}{(2)}
+  \lineiv{String passed to \keyword{exec} statement}%
+         {global n.s. of containing block}%
+         {local n.s. of containing block}{(2), (3)}
+  \lineiv{String passed to \function{eval()}}%
+         {global n.s. of caller}%
+         {local n.s. of caller}{(2), (3)}
+  \lineiv{File read by \function{execfile()}}%
+         {global n.s. of caller}%
+         {local n.s. of caller}{(2), (3)}
+  \lineiv{Expression read by \function{input()}}%
+         {global n.s. of caller}%
+         {local n.s. of caller}{}
+\end{tableiv}
 \refbimodindex{__main__}
 
 Notes:
 
 \begin{description}
 
-\item[n.s.] means {\em namespace}
+\item[n.s.] means \emph{namespace}
 
 \item[(1)] The main module for a script is always called
 \module{__main__}; ``the filename don't enter into it.''
@@ -154,7 +161,7 @@
 respectively.  The effect of modifications to this dictionary on the
 namespace are undefined.%
 \footnote{The current implementations return the dictionary actually 
-used to implement the namespace, {\em except} for functions, where
+used to implement the namespace, \emph{except} for functions, where
 the optimizer may cause the local namespace to be implemented
 differently, and \function{locals()} returns a read-only dictionary.}
 
@@ -162,8 +169,8 @@
 
 Exceptions are a means of breaking out of the normal flow of control
 of a code block in order to handle errors or other exceptional
-conditions.  An exception is {\em raised} at the point where the error
-is detected; it may be {\em handled} by the surrounding code block or
+conditions.  An exception is \emph{raised} at the point where the error
+is detected; it may be \emph{handled} by the surrounding code block or
 by any code block that directly or indirectly invoked the code block
 where the error occurred.
 \index{exception}