Add const to several API functions that take char *.

In C++, it's an error to pass a string literal to a char* function
without a const_cast().  Rather than require every C++ extension
module to put a cast around string literals, fix the API to state the
const-ness.

I focused on parts of the API where people usually pass literals:
PyArg_ParseTuple() and friends, Py_BuildValue(), PyMethodDef, the type
slots, etc.  Predictably, there were a large set of functions that
needed to be fixed as a result of these changes.  The most pervasive
change was to make the keyword args list passed to
PyArg_ParseTupleAndKewords() to be a const char *kwlist[].

One cast was required as a result of the changes:  A type object
mallocs the memory for its tp_doc slot and later frees it.
PyTypeObject says that tp_doc is const char *; but if the type was
created by type_new(), we know it is safe to cast to char *.
diff --git a/Modules/parsermodule.c b/Modules/parsermodule.c
index 12226a4..e788fc9 100644
--- a/Modules/parsermodule.c
+++ b/Modules/parsermodule.c
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@
 
 static void parser_free(PyST_Object *st);
 static int parser_compare(PyST_Object *left, PyST_Object *right);
-static PyObject *parser_getattr(PyObject *self, char *name);
+static PyObject *parser_getattr(PyObject *self, const char *name);
 
 
 static
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@
     PyObject *res = 0;
     int ok;
 
-    static char *keywords[] = {"ast", "line_info", NULL};
+    static const char *keywords[] = {"ast", "line_info", NULL};
 
     if (self == NULL) {
         ok = PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kw, "O!|O:st2tuple", keywords,
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@
     PyObject *res = 0;
     int ok;
 
-    static char *keywords[] = {"ast", "line_info", NULL};
+    static const char *keywords[] = {"ast", "line_info", NULL};
 
     if (self == NULL)
         ok = PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kw, "O!|O:st2list", keywords,
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@
     char*         str = "<syntax-tree>";
     int ok;
 
-    static char *keywords[] = {"ast", "filename", NULL};
+    static const char *keywords[] = {"ast", "filename", NULL};
 
     if (self == NULL)
         ok = PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kw, "O!|s:compilest", keywords,
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@
     PyObject* res = 0;
     int ok;
 
-    static char *keywords[] = {"ast", NULL};
+    static const char *keywords[] = {"ast", NULL};
 
     if (self == NULL)
         ok = PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kw, "O!:isexpr", keywords,
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@
     PyObject* res = 0;
     int ok;
 
-    static char *keywords[] = {"ast", NULL};
+    static const char *keywords[] = {"ast", NULL};
 
     if (self == NULL)
         ok = PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kw, "O!:issuite", keywords,
@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@
 
 
 static PyObject*
-parser_getattr(PyObject *self, char *name)
+parser_getattr(PyObject *self, const char *name)
 {
     return (Py_FindMethod(parser_methods, self, name));
 }
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@
     char*     string = 0;
     PyObject* res    = 0;
 
-    static char *keywords[] = {"source", NULL};
+    static const char *keywords[] = {"source", NULL};
 
     if (PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kw, argspec, keywords, &string)) {
         node* n = PyParser_SimpleParseString(string,
@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@
     PyObject *tuple;
     node *tree;
 
-    static char *keywords[] = {"sequence", NULL};
+    static const char *keywords[] = {"sequence", NULL};
 
     if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kw, "O:sequence2st", keywords,
                                      &tuple))