diff --git a/Misc/NEWS b/Misc/NEWS
index 61279ec..250121f 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS
+++ b/Misc/NEWS
@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@
 Core and Builtins
 -----------------
 
+- Issue #9901: Destroying the GIL in Py_Finalize() can fail if some other
+  threads are still running.  Instead, reinitialize the GIL on a second
+  call to Py_Initialize().
+
 - Issue #9252: PyImport_Import no longer uses a fromlist hack to return the
   module that was imported, but instead gets the module from sys.modules.
 
diff --git a/Python/pythonrun.c b/Python/pythonrun.c
index 8f4e9f1..a3f5d2b 100644
--- a/Python/pythonrun.c
+++ b/Python/pythonrun.c
@@ -217,8 +217,15 @@
         Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: can't make first thread");
     (void) PyThreadState_Swap(tstate);
 
-    /* auto-thread-state API, if available */
 #ifdef WITH_THREAD
+    /* We can't call _PyEval_FiniThreads() in Py_Finalize because
+       destroying the GIL might fail when it is being referenced from
+       another running thread (see issue #9901).
+       Instead we destroy the previously created GIL here, which ensures
+       that we can call Py_Initialize / Py_Finalize multiple times. */
+    _PyEval_FiniThreads();
+
+    /* Auto-thread-state API */
     _PyGILState_Init(interp, tstate);
 #endif /* WITH_THREAD */
 
@@ -514,10 +521,6 @@
 
     PyGrammar_RemoveAccelerators(&_PyParser_Grammar);
 
-#ifdef WITH_THREAD
-    _PyEval_FiniThreads();
-#endif
-
 #ifdef Py_TRACE_REFS
     /* Display addresses (& refcnts) of all objects still alive.
      * An address can be used to find the repr of the object, printed